油田生产事业部专业英语题库（中级部分）一、专业词汇英汉互译：1.Crane Operator 吊车司机2.Roustabout 甲板工3.Head of Roustabout 甲板长4.Floorman/roughneck 钻工5.Derrickman 井架工6.Assistant Driller 副司钻7.Driller 司钻8.Junior Toolpusher 值班队长9.Senior Toolpusher 高级队长10.Rig Manager 平台经理11.Safety Supervisor 安全监督12.Captain 船长13.chief supervisor 总监14.cleaning man 清洁工15.drilling crew 钻井班16.drilling engineer钻井工程师17.drilling supervisor 钻井监督18.bit diameter 钻头直径19.bit footage 钻头进尺20.bit position 钻头位置21.casing size 套管尺寸22.hole size 井眼尺寸23.hook position 大钩位置24.kelly - down/in depth 方入深度25.kelly - up 方余26.nozzle size 水眼尺寸27.gas content 气含量28.leakage 漏失量29.mud volume 泥浆量30.pump stroke 泵冲31.hook load 大钩负荷32.weight on bit 钻压33.bit lift 钻头寿命34.bit time 钻头纯钻时间35.down time 停工时间36.drilling hours 钻进时间37.tripping time 起下钻时间38.annular velocity 环空流速39.pump speed 泵速40.rotary speed 转盘转速41.back pressure 回压42.bottom–hole pressure 井底压力43.oil reservoir pressure油层压力44.pump pressure 泵压45.shut–in casing pressure关井套压46.bit cost钻头成本47.bit type钻头类型48.bit wear 钻头磨损49.dog leg ratio狗腿率50.intensity 强度51.sensitivity 灵敏度52.table torque 转盘扭矩53.tong torque 大钳扭矩54.temperature 温度55.wind direction 风向56.one hundred 10057.well depth 井深58.nine point five feet 9.5 英尺59.Equipment on floor 钻台设备60.air chamber 空气包61.air hoist/winch 气动绞车62.brake lever/handle 刹把63.brake line/staple 刹带64.cantilever 悬臂梁65.cathead line 猫头绳66.cathead 猫头67.catwalk 滑道68.cellar deck/texas deck 井口甲板69.clutch 离合器70.crown block 天车71.dead line anchor 死绳固定器72.derrick 井架73.dog house 值班室74.drawworks 钻井绞车75.driller’s console 司钻控制台76.drilling line 钻井大绳77.drum 滚筒78.equalizing yoke 刹带的平衡杠79.eye plates 吊环80.fast line 快绳81.hole opener 扩眼器82.hook 大钩83.hydraulic catwork 液压猫头84.line reeving 滑车装绳数85.monkey board 猴台86.mouse hole 小鼠洞87.ramp 坡道88.rat hole 大鼠洞89.rig floor 钻台90.rotary hose 水龙带91.rotary table 转盘92.setback 立根盒93.steel wire 钢丝绳94.story 库房95.tong bucket 大钳平衡器96.top driver 顶驱97.traveling block 游车98.admission pipe 进气管99.blow line 扫线管线100.choke line manifold 阻流管汇一、专业词汇汉译英：1．导管conductor2．灌泥浆管线fill up line3．高/低压管线high/low pressure line 4．压井管线kill line5．泥浆管线mud line6．放压管线relief line7．立管管汇stand pipe manifold8．球阀ball valve9．节流阀chock valve10．浮阀float valve11．旋塞阀plug cock valve12．调节阀regulator valve13．消防泵fire pump14．混合泵mixing pump15．计量泵mud supply pump 16．桥塞bridge plug17．水泥塞cement plug18．钻头bit19．钻头水眼bit nozzles20．母扣box21．公扣pin22．牙轮cone23．变扣接头crossover sub/joint 24．钻铤drill collar25．钻杆drill pipe26．钻柱drill stem27．加重钻杆heavy weight drill pipe28．震击器jar29．单根joint30．非磁钻铤non-magnetic drilling collar 31．短钻铤pony drill collar32．短钻杆pup joint33．减震器shock absorber34．扶正器stabilizer35．立柱stand36．三牙轮钻头three-cone bit37．井眼well bore38．造斜器whip stock39．考克cock40．通径规drift mandrel41．吊卡elevator42．提丝lifting plug43．提升短节lifting sub44．旋扣钳 pipe spinner45．刮泥器pipe wiper46．滑轮pulley47．倒档齿轮reverse gear48．大钳rig tong49．钢圈ring gasket50．安全卡瓦safety slips51．卡环shackle52．吊索sling53．护丝thread protector54．大钳牙板tong dies55．石油p petroleum / oil56．丝扣油thread dope57．温度计thermometer58．指重表weight indicator59．井位location60．缆绳mooring rope61．超载overload62．晕船sea sick63．拖轮tug64．套管接箍casing coupling65．刮管器 casing scraper66．套管鞋casing shoe67．浮箍float collar68．中间(技术)套管intermediate casing 69．挤水泥squeeze cement70．打捞fishing71．打捞公锥fishing nipple72．打捞母锥fishing socket73．打捞矛fishing spear74．反循环打捞篮reverse circulation junk basket 75．卡瓦打捞筒slip socket76．倒扣，卸扣back off77．卸开break out78．定向钻井directional drilling79．地层测试formation test80．压井kill the well81．扣吊卡latch the elevator82．卸扣break out83．上扣make up84．试压pressure test85．侧钻side tracking86．滑大绳slip drilling line87．开钻spud in88．卡钻stick89．造扣thread making90．井控 well control91．通井wipe trip92．甲板deck93．柴油机diesel engine94．出口outlet95．进口 inlet96．电话telephone97．变压器transformer98．救生衣life jacket99．救生艇lifeboat100．灭火器extinguisher二、阅读理解：(True or False)（一）One thing is certain: a substantial reduction in Iran’s energy output would have a significant impact on global oilprices. Iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world,behind only Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Norway. It sells more than 2.5 Million barrels a day and is believed to have about 10percent of the world’s proven reserves. Many analysts say a supply cut could combine with other market pressures to quickly drive prices up to $80 to $100 a barrel.Is either side bluffing? Iran’s threat to pull oil off themarket is not an empty one,Iran’s leaders,who want to visibly assert their defiance of the West, need domestic support for the regime, and divides international opinion, have only the country’s energy exports with which to influence the outcomeof the diplomatic conflict.Of course, were Iran to completely cut off its oil supply,it would badly damage its own economy. In addition, a total shutdown would harm many of Iran’s friends, though it would also increase oil income for those who are net exporters of oil, such as Russia and other OPEC members. But there are a numberof incremental steps Iran can take that would rattle those who depend on affordable energy without sinking its own economy.If Iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the fall in supply but also to fears of whatTehran might do next.1. Iran’s leaders need domestic support for the regime anddivide international opinion. (T )2. Russia is believed to have about 10 percent of the world’s proven reserves.（ F ）3. If Iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil marketswould react not only to the rise in supply but also to fearsof what Tehran might do next. ( T )4. A substantial reduction in Iran’s energy output would havea significant impact on global oil prices. ( T )（二）With exploration, drilling, and completion costs, the well represents a substantial investment, and the produced oil orgas is a continuous source of revenue. To abandon the well would mean that the investment is insolvent and the well is not producing revenue, this is not a desirable situation. Consequently, in most companies a concerted effort id made to maintain the well on production as long as it has the potential for producing oil or gas. Before repairing a well, there is no guarantee that the well will produce after the work is performed －－a risk involved on workovers. To minimize the inherent risk of well repairs, the intelligent diagnosis if what is wrong with the well, coupled with a sound repair plane is essential.1.The investment in the oil is tremendous, includingexploration, drilling, completion. (T)2.To abandon the well is the last choice if necessary. (T)3.So long as the well is maintained, the oil well continuesproduction. (F)4.Even though the oil or gas can flow into the casing after itis perforated,usually,the well is not produced through thecasing.(T)（三）The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as itis known i n the industry, to make h ole. Making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components that it takes to make h ole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. Various components comprise the last three systems, but allrequire power to make them work.1.The main function of the rotary rig is to drill or make thehole.(T)2.Making hole with rotary rig requires the qualified personal ,not needing so much equipment.(F)3.The components of rig to make hole is divided into four systems. (T)4.Of the four systems, power is very crucial to the other three,for they all require power to operate. (T)(四)A rig, depending on its size and how d eep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. Naturally, the bigger therig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need.Thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of themtogether developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. Of course,once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. Two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical and mechanical.1、The number o f the engines depends on the rig’s size and depthof the hole to be drilled. (T)2、There is only one method to transfer the power. (F)3、The needed power has nothing to do with the size of the rig.(F)4、The power of the big rig , with three or four engines, canamount to 3000 or more horsepower. (T)（五）Diamond bits function the same a s drag bits, particularly in the fact that both weight and rotary speed are directly related to drilling speed. The diamonds must be kept clean and cool,this hydraulic effort is just as important for diamond bitperformance as when using roller bits. Under some conditiondiamond bits can drill almost as fast as roller types. They will often stay in good condition times longer, thus hole cost foot will be less notwithstanding the higher price of the diamondbit. Analysis of performance using total cost per foot is important regardless of the type of bits employed.1、Drilling Speed has direct impact on the weight of the bitsand the rotary speed.（T）2、Diamond Bits can function the same with roller bits underany condition. （F）3、This is no specific requirement for the kept condition ofthe diamond bits. （F）4、Only for the diamond bits, the analysis of performance usingtotal cost foot is important.（F）(六)Drilling fluid --- mud --- is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals. Sometimes oil may beused instead of water, or a little oil is added to the waterto fice the mud certain desirable properties. Drilling mudserves several very important functions. Mud is used to raisethe cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface fordisposal. But equally important, mud a lso provides a means f or keeping underground pressures in check. Since a hole full ofdrilling mud exerts pressure (just as a swimming pool full ofwater exerts pressure, which is why a person's ears sometimeshurt when he dives to the bottom in the deep end of a pool),the mud p ressure can be used to contain pressure in a formation. The heavier or denser the mud is, the more pressure it exerts. Weighting materials --- barite is the most popular --- are added to the mud t o make i t exert as much p ressure as needed to contain formation pressures. Clay is added to the mud so that it cankeep the bit cuttings in suspension as they move up the hole.The clay also sheaths the wall of the hole. This thin veneerof clay called wall cake makes the hole stable so it will notcave in or slough (pronounced "sluff"). Numerous c hemicals are available to give the mud t he exact properties it needs to make it as easy as possible to drill the hole.(1)Drilling fluid is the mixture of water and clay. （F）(2)The main functions of mud a re to lift the cutting to thesurface and check the underground pressure. （T）(3)Weighting material is added to mud to set off thepressure in formation. （T）(4)Water is the only media of the mud . （F）(七)The drilling fluid that course through the system also provides the first line of defense against blowouts. A blowout can be an impressive sight. Gas, oil, or salt water spews into the air with a tremendous roar. If gas is present, the wholething will probably be on fire, and the rig will lie as a melted, twisted mass o f junk. Human lives are threatened; pollution may occur; precious oil or gas are wasted; and a rig worth manythousands or even millions oil or dollars may be a total loss. Obviously, it is very desirable not to allow blowouts, and, in fact, not many occur. But, because a blowout is often a spectacular show and human l ives are sometimes lost, a blowout often becomes a media event. Unfortunately, the impression maylinger that blowouts are not the rarity they actually are. Inreality, rig crews go to great lengths to see that the well they are drilling remains under control and dose not get away fromthem.(1) The rig crew should keep his eye on the well to make i t undercontrol. （T）(2) The blowout will get the public attention, for it will exertgreat impact on the society. （T）(3) The drilling fluid has the defective function against theblowouts. （T）(4) Though there is the risk of blow out, people can do littleto make up for it. （F）(八)The recovery operation of stuck pipe, packers, and looseequipment in a well is generally termed “fishing”. A “fish”is part of a string or any other sizable piece of metal thatmight be loose in a well. Small pieces, such as a bit cone, awrench, or any other relatively small, non-drillable item, are called junk. In any case, whenever there is junk or a fish inthe hole, it must be removed or fished out so that drillingoperations can continue.The trouble might be caused by mechanical failure, corrosion,or abrasion. Any mechanical equipment run into a well, operated under heavy stress, may fail sooner or later despite care of manufacture, handling, and installation. The tools and techniques for fishing have been modified and improved as thedrilling and well service industries have developed. The fishing tool trade today utilizes highly skilled personnel,sophisticated tools, and optional methods. Fishing for equipment lost in a well is an engineering techniques thatrequires knowledge of the various procedures and mechanical stresses that can be applied without resulting tool failure and further complications. Almost every fishing job presents special problems that require careful analysis and exercise of good judgment at each step in the procedure. It is absolutely necessary for a fishing tool operator to have full workingknowledge of his tools and related devices. There is no substitute for experience in this work.Before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. First, the Kelly is broken out and is set in therat-hole. Then the string is broken out in stands and standsare stood back on the rig floor. When all of the stands are stoodback, the fishing can begin. The tool-pusher usually takescharges of the fishing operation.(1) A “fish” may be part of a string of pipe or any other sizablepiece of metal. （T）(2) The term “junk” usually means bit cone. （F）(3) The fish trouble is usually caused by mechanical failureonly. （F）(4) While tools and techniques for drilling have been advancedconsiderably, the tools and techniques for fishing have also been modified a lot.（T）（九）There are many types of fishing tools. For example, there isa type of fishing tool called a “junk basket,” and there is another type called a “spear.” These fishing tools are very different. The spear is used for recovering lost casing. Thespear enters the bore of the lost pipe, therefore, the diameter of the spear must be smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe in the hole. Its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly when t he spear enters the pipe. Then it is usually possible to hoist the fish out of the borehole.The junk basket is used for latching on to smaller pieces ofjunk. It’s used for recovering lost bit cutters. The bottompart of the basket is a shoe with hard teeth. The shoe has ahole in its center. The fish is forced through the hole andenters the barrel of the basket. Spring fingers take the fishand avoid it dropping out of the barrel and falling back intothe well.Other fishing tools include powerful magnets and baskets through which mud can be circulated, both of which are usefulfor retrieving junk from the hole.(1) The fishing tools, such as the junk basket and the spear,are interchangeable. （F）(2) The working of the spear is to make t he spear enter the boreof the lost pipe, its teeth gripping the inner sides of the pipe tightly then hoisting the fish out of the borehole.（T）(3) The fishing basket also has very strong teeth for holdingthe fish. （T）(4)There are only two types of fishing tools：junk basket andspear. （F）（十）The basic principles behind oil well drilling are the samewhether the well will be drilled from a location on land, a fixed offshore platform or a floating marine vessel.There are, however, considerable detailed differences between the various types of wells. This is particularly so when drilling takes place from a floating vessel where the movement of the vessel due to wave and wind action must be compensatedfor. Additionally, in floating marine operations the hazardsare much g reater than a land or fixed platform. Much o f the well control mechanisms must be located on the sea bed and remotely controlled operation must be with absolute certainty. Complex and highly sophisticated control systems with complete “safe”back up are employed.The following methods are needed in drilling a well.Any deep well to be drilled is either a wildcat (an exploration well), an appraisal well (to gain more information about arecently discovered field—sometimes called a “step-out well”) or a development well, which is one of number of wells plannedto drill up a known field. When drilling an appraisal or adevelopment well, the final depth and what conditions the well be encountered will have been learned from the experience gained in drilling the wildcat or other wells and so detailedplanning is possible. For a wildcat as the depths of the significant formations, including basement, are hypothetical, ample margins in casing and mud c hemicals are required on site, or readily, to cover variations in the unknown factors whichmay occur. The stages illustrating the drill of a 15 000 feetdeep test well is as described below.After all the work of the Concession, Geophysical and Geological Departments is completed, a site for a wildcat well can be chosen. The geological forecast for the well will havebeen issued, with the expected formation boundary depths including the possible oil or gas reservoir which is the target for the well. The forecast will also indicate the depths where porous or unstable formations could make drilling difficult.On the basis of this forecast, a planned schedule is preparedwhich will show all the material to be used, including the rig, company or contractor and estimates of what time and how much money will be required for the well. A drilling programme covering the technical details for drilling the well is alsoprepared.(1) The basic principles behind oil well drilling on land andthat on a floating marine vessel are the same.（T）(2) There are quite a lot of detailed differences between thevarious types of well though the basic principles behindoil well drilling on land and that on a floating vessel are almost the same. （T）(3) The first difference of on-land well drilling from that ofa floating vessel is that the movement o f the vessel causedby the wind action must be set off. （F）(4) Another difference between them is that drill on thefloating vessel or on a sea platform will probably meetsmore hazards, thus some complex and highly sophisticatedcontrol system are employed. （T）（十一）Sometimes, it is possible for the drilling contractor tocirculate air instead of drilling mud. Sometimes mud is notreally needed in some formation conditions. There must be nodanger of high pressure formations being encountered, and formations containing a lot of water cannot be drilled with air. The trouble with too much water is that it mixes with the veryfine, dust-like cuttings ball up and can’t get out of the hole. Drilling is impeded, and the drill string could even get stuck in the hole.However, when it’s possible to use air, drilling rates arefaster than when mud i s used. Mud, being heavier than air, has a function to compact the cuttings made by the bit, so the bitspends a lot of time re-d rilling old cuttings as well as drilling new formation. When a ir is used, bit cuttings are not held on bottom but are immediately blown away. To drill withair, large compressors must be used on the site to circulatedown the drill string, out of the bit, and up the annulus. Ofcourse, there’s no need to re-circulate old air, so the airand the cuttings carried up are blasted out through a line,which is just a piece of pipe run out to the reserve pits. It’s not often feasible to drill an entire hole using nothing but air. Usually, only a part of the hole is drilled with air, and, when i t becomes n ecessary, the crew will switch over to drilling mud. However, when it is possible, drilling with air certainly makes for fast drilling rates.(1) When t he air mixed with very fine cuttings, it is difficultto get out the cuttings out of the hole. （F）(2) When encountered with formation of high pressure, it isdangerous to apply air for circulation. （T）(3) When t he formations contain lots of water, it is dangerousto apply air for circulation. （T）（4）When air is used, bit cuttings are not held on bottom but are immediately blown away. （T）(十二)Tripping the pipe back into the hole calls for a special skillin the part of one of the floormen, for he will perform a jobknown as throwing the spinning chain. As a stand of pipe hangs suspended in the hole, one end of the spinning chain is wrapped neatly around the tool joint of the suspended pipe. The otherend of the chain is connected to the makeup c at-head. After the chain is wrapped, the crew stabs the next stand of pipe intothe suspended stand, and the spinning chain is thrown. That is, the crewman, with a deft toss of the wrist, caused the chainto unwrap from the suspended pipe, move u pward, and coil neatly around the tool joint of the stand that was just stabbed.The driller then engages the cat-head to pull on the spinning chain. As the chain is pulled off the pipe, it caused the stand of the pipe to rotate, or spin. This motion screws the spinning stand into the suspended stand. The tongs are then used to buckup the stand to final tightness. Each time a stand is made up,the spinning chain and tongs are used until all of the drillstring is back in the hole.（1）A fter the chain is wrapped, the crew stabs the next stand of pipe into the suspended stand, and the spinning chainis thrown.（T）（2）A s a stand of pipe hangs suspended in the hole, two end of the spinning chain is wrapped neatly around the tooljoint of the suspended pipe. （F）（3）T he floormen engages the cat-head to pull on the spinning chain. （F）（4）A s the chain is pulled off the pipe, it caused the stand of the pipe to rotate, or spin. （T）(十三)When casing is set, cemented, and perforated and when thetubing string is run, then a collection of valves called aChristmas tree is installed on the surface at the top of thecasing. Like so many terms in the oil industry, no one knowswhy this device on top of the well is called a Christmas tree.Perhaps all the valves and piping reminded someone of a traditional Christmas tree, the tubing in the well is suspended from the Christmas tree, so as the well's production from thewell can be controlled by opening or closing valves in theChristmas tree.Usually, once the Christmas tree is installed, the well cantruly be said to be complete. The drilling contractor had done his job as called for in the drilling contract, and he can move the rig to another location to start the well-drilling process all over again.（1）C hristmas tree is installed on the surface at the topof the casing. （T）（2）S ome one knows why this device on top of the well iscalled a Christmas tree. （F）（3）B y opening or closing valves in the Christmas tree ，the well's production from the well can be controlled.（T）（4）O nce the Christmas tree is installed, the well can truly be said to be complete，usually. （T）(十四)Directional drilling involves the use of some ratherinteresting downhole tools and techniques. For example, somemeans o f kicking the hole off vertical must be used. This might be accomplished with a bent sub and a downhole motor. A sub(short for substitute) is a special device that is threaded of that it can be attached to or made up in the drill string. Abent sub is simply a short piece of pipe threaded of that itcan be attached to or made up in the drill string. A bent subis simply a short piece of pipe threaded on both ends, whichhas a bend in the middle. The bent has an angle of form 1 to3 degrees. A downhole motor is a tool shaped like a piece ofpipe that has turbine blades (a turbine is like a series ofelectric tan blades stacked in top of each other in a shaft),or it can be a multicurved steel shaft that turns inside anelliptically shaped opening in a housing. In practice, the bit is made u p in the bottom of the downhole motor and the bent sub in the top. This assembly is tripped into the hole as usual.（1）. Directional drilling involves the use of both special tools and special techniques.（T）（2）. A bent sub (substitute) is a piece of drill pipe which has an bend in the middle with an angle of 1 to 3 degrees andis threaded at both ends（T）（3）. A downhole motor can be a multicurved steel shaft that turns inside an elliptically shaped opening in housing. （T）（4）. The bit is not made u p in the bottom of the downhole motor and the bent sub in the top. （F）（十五）The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or asit is known in the industry, to make hole. Making hole with arotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. In order to learn about the components that it takes to make h ole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. Various components comprise the last three systems, but allrequire power to make them work.(1)The main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole(T)(2)Making hole with a rotary rig requires a lot of equipment(T)(3)The rotary rig can be divided into four main systems. (T)(4)All the components require power to work. (T)(十六)A rig, depending on its size and how d eep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. Naturally, the bigger therig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need.Thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of themtogether developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. Of course,once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. Two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical and mechanical.（1）A rig has one engine. (F)（2）The bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill. (T)（3）The bigger rig has 3000 or more horsepower. (T)（4）There are two methods to transfer the power. (T)(十七)A mechanical cat-head can be employed to make up or breakout the drill string when it is being taken out or being putinto the hole, or when a length of drill pipe is added as thehole deepens. The mechanical cat-head located on the side ofthe drawworks near the driller's position is the makeup。
