如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

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如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一,旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。

解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤:

1.明确所给词的词性

2.弄清所给句子的意思

3.确定空白处所需的词性

4.正确写出所填的词

用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类:

一. 对名词的考查

1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式:

(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)

①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如:desk→ desks , key →keys , monkey →monkeys ,

boy →boys等

②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-es。例如:fox→ foxes , boss

→bosses ,

bus →buses, class → classes, dress → dresses,

witness → witnesses, address → addresses, beach →

beaches, coach → coaches , couch → couches ,inch

→ inches ,sandwich → sandwiches , church →

churches ,watch → watches ,match → matches ,speech

→speeches ,witch → witches ,dish →dishes ,brush

→brushes ,goldfish →goldfish, fish→ fishes ,

toothbrush →toothbrushes等。

③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-s的有:

zoo → zoos, radio → radios, photo → photos, piano

→ pianos, kilo → kilos, mango → mangos, bamboo →

bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。

加-es的有:

tomato→ tomatoes, potato → potatoes, dodo →

dodoes/s,

hero → heroes。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变y为i,再加-es。

例如:family → families, lady →ladies, baby →

babies , copy→ copies, body→ bodies, century

→centuries, diary→ diaries, dictionary→

dictionaries, factory→ factories, library→

libraries, battery →batteries, documentary →

documentaries, buddy →buddies, ability →abilities,

country →countries, butterfly →butterflies, enemy

→enemies, memory→ memories, balcony→ balconies,

laboratory→ laboratories, beauty→ beauties,

charity→ charities, comedy→ comedies, industry→ industries, quality→ qualities, reply→ replies,

difficulty→ difficulties, theory→ theories,

mystery→ mysteries, hobby→ hobbies,

story→ stories, city→ cities, laundry→ laundries,

activity→ activities等。

⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变f或

fe为v,再加-es。

例如:half→ halves, knife→ knives, wife→ wives,

leaf→ leaves, shelf→ shelves, herself→

themselves, scarf→ scarfs / scarves, wolf→ wolves等。

考例1:[2005年镇江市]

Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.

分析:所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应填名词的复数形式,bird的复数形式是birds,因此应填birds.

考例2:[2005年泰州市]

Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess

(box)

分析:所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式,根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知,应填名词的复数形式,box的复数形式是boxes,因此应填boxes。

考例3:[2004年淮安市]

Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country)

have become .(欧盟)members this year.

分析:所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式,因此应填countries。

考例4:[2003年济南市]

The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of

Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)

分析:所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,life的复数形式为lives,因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)

foot→ feet, tooth→ teeth, child→ children, man→

men, woman→ women, policeman→ policemen,

policewoman→ policewomen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen,

snowman→ snowmen, businessman → businessmen,

Englishman→ Englishmen, gentleman→ gentlemen,

salesman→ salesmen, mouse→ mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→ sheep, Chinese→ Chinese, Japanese→

Japanese, fish→ fish等。

考例1:[2004年无锡市]

It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after

meals.

分析:所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,而tooth的复数形式是不规则的,为teeth,因此应填teeth。

2.考查名词的所有格

考例1:[2005年泰州市]

Chocolate is usually _____ favorite food. (child)

分析:所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知,所填的词在句中作定语,应用复数名词的所有格作定语,child的复数形式的所有格为children’s,因此应填children’s。

考例2:[2005年淮安市]

Tomorrow is ___ (father) Day. What will you do for

your dad

分析:所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,“父亲节”为Father’s Day,因此应填Father’s。

注意:母亲节为Mother’s Day,妇女节为Women’s Day,儿童节为Children’s Day,教师节为Teachers’ Day。

3.考查名词转换成形容词

名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况:

(1).名词+y → 形容词

例如:rain→ rainy, wind→ windy, cloud→ cloudy,

sun→ sunny, snow→ snowy, fog→ foggy, mist→ misty,

health→ healthy, luck→ lucky, unluck→ unlucky,

noise→ noisy ,fun → funny, thirst→ thirsty等。

(2).名词+ful→形容词

例如:care→ careful, thank→ thankful, help→

helpful, use→ useful, wonder→ wonderful, color→

colorful, pain→ painful, success→ successful等。

(3).名词+n→形容词

例如:America→ American, Russia→ Russian, India→

Indian, Australia→ Australian, Canada→ Canadian,

Italy→ Italian等。

(4).名词+ ern→形容词

例如:east→ eastern, west→ western, north→

northern, south→ southern等。

(5).名词 +ous→形容词

例如:danger→ dangerous, fame→ famous等。

注意:friend→ friendly, wool→ woolen, difference→

different, difficulty→ difficult, importance→

important, pride→ proud, person→ personal,

safety→ safe, confidence→ confident等。

考例1:[2005年镇江市]

What a ____ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.

分析:所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作定语,修饰day,应用形容词,rain的形容词为rainy,因此应填rainy。

考例2:[2005年徐州市]

Too much homework is really ____ (pain) to students.

分析:所给的词pain为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作表语,应用形容词,pain的形容词为

painful,即应填painful。

4.考查名词变为副词

success→ successfully, care→ carefully, care→

carelessly,

health→ healthily, noise→ noisily等。

考例:[2005年泰州市]