如何做用所给词的适当形式填空
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如何做用所给词的适当形式填空
用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一,旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。
解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤:
1.明确所给词的词性
2.弄清所给句子的意思
3.确定空白处所需的词性
4.正确写出所填的词
用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类:
一. 对名词的考查
1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式:
(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)
①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如:desk→ desks , key →keys , monkey →monkeys ,
boy →boys等
②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-es。例如:fox→ foxes , boss
→bosses ,
bus →buses, class → classes, dress → dresses,
witness → witnesses, address → addresses, beach →
beaches, coach → coaches , couch → couches ,inch
→ inches ,sandwich → sandwiches , church →
churches ,watch → watches ,match → matches ,speech
→speeches ,witch → witches ,dish →dishes ,brush
→brushes ,goldfish →goldfish, fish→ fishes ,
toothbrush →toothbrushes等。
③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加-s的有:
zoo → zoos, radio → radios, photo → photos, piano
→ pianos, kilo → kilos, mango → mangos, bamboo →
bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。
加-es的有:
tomato→ tomatoes, potato → potatoes, dodo →
dodoes/s,
hero → heroes。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变y为i,再加-es。
例如:family → families, lady →ladies, baby →
babies , copy→ copies, body→ bodies, century
→centuries, diary→ diaries, dictionary→
dictionaries, factory→ factories, library→
libraries, battery →batteries, documentary →
documentaries, buddy →buddies, ability →abilities,
country →countries, butterfly →butterflies, enemy
→enemies, memory→ memories, balcony→ balconies,
laboratory→ laboratories, beauty→ beauties,
charity→ charities, comedy→ comedies, industry→ industries, quality→ qualities, reply→ replies,
difficulty→ difficulties, theory→ theories,
mystery→ mysteries, hobby→ hobbies,
story→ stories, city→ cities, laundry→ laundries,
activity→ activities等。
⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变f或
fe为v,再加-es。
例如:half→ halves, knife→ knives, wife→ wives,
leaf→ leaves, shelf→ shelves, herself→
themselves, scarf→ scarfs / scarves, wolf→ wolves等。
考例1:[2005年镇江市]
Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.
分析:所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应填名词的复数形式,bird的复数形式是birds,因此应填birds.
考例2:[2005年泰州市]
Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess
(box)
分析:所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式,根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知,应填名词的复数形式,box的复数形式是boxes,因此应填boxes。
考例3:[2004年淮安市]
Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country)
have become .(欧盟)members this year.
分析:所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式,因此应填countries。
考例4:[2003年济南市]
The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of
Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)
分析:所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,life的复数形式为lives,因此应填lives。
(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)
foot→ feet, tooth→ teeth, child→ children, man→
men, woman→ women, policeman→ policemen,
policewoman→ policewomen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen,
snowman→ snowmen, businessman → businessmen,
Englishman→ Englishmen, gentleman→ gentlemen,
salesman→ salesmen, mouse→ mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→ sheep, Chinese→ Chinese, Japanese→
Japanese, fish→ fish等。
考例1:[2004年无锡市]
It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after
meals.
分析:所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,而tooth的复数形式是不规则的,为teeth,因此应填teeth。
2.考查名词的所有格
考例1:[2005年泰州市]
Chocolate is usually _____ favorite food. (child)
分析:所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知,所填的词在句中作定语,应用复数名词的所有格作定语,child的复数形式的所有格为children’s,因此应填children’s。
考例2:[2005年淮安市]
Tomorrow is ___ (father) Day. What will you do for
your dad
分析:所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,“父亲节”为Father’s Day,因此应填Father’s。
注意:母亲节为Mother’s Day,妇女节为Women’s Day,儿童节为Children’s Day,教师节为Teachers’ Day。
3.考查名词转换成形容词
名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况:
(1).名词+y → 形容词
例如:rain→ rainy, wind→ windy, cloud→ cloudy,
sun→ sunny, snow→ snowy, fog→ foggy, mist→ misty,
health→ healthy, luck→ lucky, unluck→ unlucky,
noise→ noisy ,fun → funny, thirst→ thirsty等。
(2).名词+ful→形容词
例如:care→ careful, thank→ thankful, help→
helpful, use→ useful, wonder→ wonderful, color→
colorful, pain→ painful, success→ successful等。
(3).名词+n→形容词
例如:America→ American, Russia→ Russian, India→
Indian, Australia→ Australian, Canada→ Canadian,
Italy→ Italian等。
(4).名词+ ern→形容词
例如:east→ eastern, west→ western, north→
northern, south→ southern等。
(5).名词 +ous→形容词
例如:danger→ dangerous, fame→ famous等。
注意:friend→ friendly, wool→ woolen, difference→
different, difficulty→ difficult, importance→
important, pride→ proud, person→ personal,
safety→ safe, confidence→ confident等。
考例1:[2005年镇江市]
What a ____ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.
分析:所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作定语,修饰day,应用形容词,rain的形容词为rainy,因此应填rainy。
考例2:[2005年徐州市]
Too much homework is really ____ (pain) to students.
分析:所给的词pain为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作表语,应用形容词,pain的形容词为
painful,即应填painful。
4.考查名词变为副词
success→ successfully, care→ carefully, care→
carelessly,
health→ healthily, noise→ noisily等。
考例:[2005年泰州市]