2019版高三英语外研版一轮教师用书：第2部分 专题6 非谓语动词 Word版含解析

专题一构词法[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第241页)[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·江西红色七校一联)He sat down and started gently(gentle) talking to the dog.2．Similarly(similar)，when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool，he forgot to return it，too.3．But such a small thing couldn't possibly(possible)destroy a village.【导学号：44040109】Ⅱ.单句改错1．Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies，but students themselves think different.different→differently 2．(2017·宿迁三校质检)She tore up the letter angry and threw it into the dustbin.angry→angrily 【导学号：44040110】[再解读要点][先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My English improved a lot；more importantly，I gained much confidence(confident)．2．That little act of kindness(kind) made everyone who saw it feel good－but it made me feel the best of all!Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·山东师大附中月考)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strong→strength[再解读要点][先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and comfortable(comfort)．2．Not only the teachers but also the students find the websitebeneficial(benefit)．3．(2017·安徽江南十校联考)He was more than just an English teacher，because he also taught me useful(use) lessons in life. 【导学号：44040111】Ⅱ.单句改错1．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanced2．(2017·黑龙江大庆调研)I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable[再解读要点][先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·山东泰安一模)It is necessary to have a physical examination(examine) every year.2．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．3．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·湖北八校联考)It is a very effective way to learn the language andimprove your pronounce.pronounce→pronunciation 【导学号：44040112】[再解读考点][先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．You should loosen(loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.2．My mother encouraged(courage) me and insisted that I continue my education.3．Our government attaches much importance to education now，which enables(able) so many people to be well educated.Ⅱ.单句改错1．If you want to live a simple life，you need to simple your mind.第二个simple→simplify2．If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject，you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.deep→deepen[再解读考点][先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·山东青岛一模)As they couldn't play outdoors ，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·甘肃张掖中学月考)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaningless →meaningful[再解读要点][核心考点针对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I usually memorize(memory) twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.2．They are trying to widen(wide) the discussion to include environmental issues.3．There are so many different labels on food nowadays.They are not only confusing(confuse) but also misleading.4．If we carry our burden all the time，sooner or later，as the burden becomes increasingly(increase) heavy，we won't be able to carry on.5．It snowed heavily(heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow.6．He sank into depression(depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job. 【导学号：44040113】7．It is illegal(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country now.8．(2017·河南中原名校期中联考)People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is useless(use)．9．(2017·广东省揭阳市二模)Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a failure(fail) and unworthy of success.10．The report can be conveniently(convenient) divided into three main sections.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Every one of us is working hardly in the classroom，preparing for the coming exam.hardly→hard2．(2017·东北师大附中月考)Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.impatiently→impatient3．Although parents should take good care of their young children，they don't necessary do anything for them.necessary→necessarily4．It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated.repeated→repeatedly5．Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again. disappointing→disappointed[高考题型综合练]短文改错(2017·辽宁沈阳市第一次质检)Dear Jacob，How are you doing？I'm writing to invite you to climb Mount Qianshan.You had already been here for a month.So we think it's the good opportunity for us get familiar with each other.Mount Qianshan has a good reputation for their brilliant scenery in different season.My friends and family is planning to make it at 8 o'clockin this Saturday morning at the school gate.We are wondering that it is convenient for you.When arrived there，we'll climb mountains and admire the beautiful scenery in winter.That will certain leave a deep impression on you since everything is covered by snow.Looking forward to your reply.Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jacob，How are you doing？I'm writing to invite you to climb Mount Qianshan.Youhadhave already been here for a month.So we think it's thea good opportunity for us∧toget familiar with each other.Mount Qianshan has a good reputation for theirits brilliantscenery in different seasonseasons.My friends and familyisare planning to make it at 8o'clock ﹨in this Saturday morning at the school gate.We are wonderingthat whether/if itis convenient for you.When arrivedarriving there，we'll climb mountains and admire thebeautiful scenery in winter.That willcertaincertainly leave a deep impression on you sinceeverything is covered by snow.Looking forward to your reply.Li Hua【导学号：44040114】。

Module 2 Fantasy Literature 考基•知识梳理I（对应学生用书第160页）［单词拼写应用］I •考纲单词一一会拼写要识记1. behave V.表现，举动2. doubt n. &M.疑惑，不确定；怀疑3. dream V.做梦4. alarm n.惊慌，恐慌5. shape n.形状6. bare adj.光秃秃的7. awake adj.醒着的，清醒的匕醒来8. format n.（节日、计划等的）构成，安排9. anecdote n.趣闻，轶事10. burdon n.负担，重负11. swift adj.快的，迅速的12. stubborn adj.顽强的，坚持的13. overcome V.克服14. target （批评等的）对象15. automatic adj.自动的，习惯性的，自然发生的16. curriculum n.课程17. distribute V.（书报的）发行18. accumulate V.积累，积聚19. attain V.达到，得到20. sorrow n.悲哀，伤心，苦难ought 应该，应当21.11・派生单词一一能辨别1. hesitate v.犹豫，迟疑—hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇2. direct 臼//•直接的，笔直的指挥，监督；命令-^direction n.方向5. dppeal n.吸引力，魅力—appealing 加7•吸引人的6. gift 刀.天赋，天才一gifted 已dZ 有天才的，有天赋的7. adjust 卩匚调整，调节-^adjustment n.调整8. power n.力量，能力—powerful 日dZ 强大的；强壮的 9. possess v.拥有—possession n.拥有；占有III •语境应用（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1・ With his businoss going on well, he at first possessed big houses and cars ；and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Eventually, he found that everything he dreamed of was in his possession, (possess)2. Parents shouldn ，t punish the children for smal1 mistakes, because too much punishment wi11 1ead to their losing confidence. (punish)3. She wanted to marry we 11, so she didrf t get married until she was 35. Final ly, she married a mill ionaire and her inarriage became a hit in her hometown. (marry)4. We couldn't find the exit but a kind woman directed us to go in the right direction. (direct)［拓展联想］“出现，消失”家族©vanish 消失 ②disappear 消失；失踪 ③ fade 逐渐消失④appear出现；显得⑤die out 灭绝；消失 ⑥show up 露面，出现 ©come up出现；发生 ⑧turn up 出现；发生 ［短语多维应用］I •短语回顾一一会默写 在……中起重要作用，对……有重要影响 放下 伸出 朝……走过来走开；解雇；拒绝……进入 注视，盯着看3. marry v. 结婚，娶，marriage n. 4- punish v. 惩罚—punishment n. 罚，结婚，婚姻-married adj.结婚的；已婚的 处罚1■ play an important part in 2. put down 3. hold out 4- come up to 5. turn away6- keep one's eyes/an eye onII.语境应用（用上述短语的适当形式填空）1.As teachers, we should keep our eyes on future development of each child・2.She studies so hard that she is always wel 1 ahead of the rest of the class.3.When someone is in trouble, we should hold out a friendly hand.4・ We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that5.Hundreds of people were turned away from the concert because al 1 scats were sold out.［拓展联想］“出发”短语汇总①set out 出发，动身②set off 出发，动身③start off 出发④leave for 动身去⑤take off 离开；出发［句式结构仿写］教材原句一一会背诵句式仿写一一能应用1.独立主格结构Then she leapt backwardsback arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. 1.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

2022外研版-必修一（语法填空解析+专项练习）语法填空解析方法：第一步：句子成分划分第二部：确定词性第三部：用单词正确形式填空有提示词类：高频考点：1：谓语动词：时态，语态，主谓一致2：非谓语动词：to do不定式，v-ing, v-ed3: 名词：主要考查可数名词---单数，复数4：形容词，副词：考察adj-adv词性互换，比较级或最高级5：派生词：动词—名词，名词—形容词，动词，形容词—副词低频考点：1：代词：一般给出人称代词的主格，考查其宾格，名词性或形容词性物主代词及反身代词。

无提示词类：高频考点：1：介词：考查介词的基本用法或固定搭配2：冠词:考查冠词的特指，泛指或固定搭配。

3：关系连词：侧重考查定语从句的关系连词。

以及名词性从句，状语从句。

4：构成强调句结构的it或that,作形式主语或形式宾语的it.常见语法易错点1：one of +the+adj最高级+n复数。

2：to do不定式表目的3：表被动（by提示词），情态动词+V-ed4：（and,but,or并列句）：（一）：词性---形容词，副词，名词可数不可数，保持一致（二）：n词单复数（三）：时态保持一致---最常考过去时5：常考特殊句型，短语：（一）：Start doing/start to do sth begin doing/ begin to do sth（二）: It is/was +a/adj+ (for sb)+to do sth（三）：Avoid doing stop doing enjoy oneself6: 现在分词V-ing表主动，过去分词V-ed表被动7：序数词：one, two, three----first, second, third8:结构：the+ n.+ of9:Adv常考结构：结构1：_______ +动词，或者动词+______.结构2：__________+形容词。

结构3：_______,+一个完整的句子。

2019版高三英语一轮复习Module2TheRenaissance教师用书外研版选修Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写要识记1．appeal v．呼吁；上诉；恳求2．loss n. 丢失；丧失3．blame n. (对错事或坏事应负的) 责任，责备4．subject n. (绘画，摄影等的)主题；学科5．dull adj.枯燥的；沉闷的6．skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的7．anecdote n．趣闻，轶事8．authentic adj.(书画、文件、书籍等)原作的9．passerby n．(过)路人10．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子adj.令人怀疑的vt.怀疑11．circulate v．流传；传播12．tentative adj.不确定的；试探性的13．chief adj.最重要的；首要的14．fundamental adj.根本的；基本的15．drawback n．不利因素16．superb adj.极好的；超级的17．substitute n．代替物；代替品18．confidential adj.秘密的，机密的19．debt n．债务；人情债20．merely adv.仅仅；只不过21．outcome n．结果；后果22．squeeze v．榨出；挤出；压出(液体)23．calculate v．计算24．official n．官员，高级职员Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．disturb vt.&vi.打扰；打乱(计划等)→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的；不安的2．base n．基础v.以……为基础→basic adj.基本的n．基本，要素→basically adv.基本上，本质上，大致说来3．effect n．效果；作用→effective adj.有效的；实际的→affect vt.影响；感动；感染4．motivate v．激发，激励→motivation n．动力；积极性5．flee v．逃跑，逃掉→fled/fled(过去式/过去分词 )6．seek v．寻求，寻找，搜索→sought/sought(过去式/过去分词)7．gift n．天赋；天资；礼物→gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的8．inspire v．鼓舞，激励；赋予……灵感→inspired adj.有灵感的；得到启示的→inspiring adj.激励人心的；启发灵感的→inspiration n．灵感Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．The disturbing news disturbed the family's peaceful life and the family all felt disturbed．(disturb)2．Basically，his income only meets basic living expenses.So he only chooses a simple lifestyle based on his limited salary.(base)3．The drug has a bad effect on humans so the government should take effective measures to prevent it from spreading.(effect)4．It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success.The stronger the motivation is，the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.(motivate) 5．Even if you are a gifted man，you should not take your gift for granted.Make full use of it and you'll succeed.(gift)[拓展联想]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)2．in history 历史上3．leave for 出发去某地4．leave sth.behind 把……抛在后面5．on behalf of 代表……6．get tired of doing sth. 厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事7．at liberty 获得自由的8．up to 到(某个数量)9．lead to 导致，通向，通往10．take up 从事，开始做(某项工作)Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．While shopping，you should make your own decision.You cannot simply depend on what is advertised on TV.2．Long­time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain.3．There are so many books！It is not easy for us to decide which to take and which to leave behind．4．After retirement，Mike took up drawing，which he had always loved but had not had time for.5．On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back your hometown. [拓展联想](对应学生用书第218页)精讲3个考纲单词effect n ．结果；效果，效能；作用，影响[高考佳句] An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.(2016·浙江高考)闲谈的一个主要的消极作用是它可能会伤害被谈论的人。

专题三代词和介词一、代词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第251页)[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·北京高考)We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world. 【导学号：44040121】2．(2017·江西九江一模)We valued every chance we could to keep us(we) both on the right track.Ⅱ.单句改错(2016·四川高考)When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.her→his [再解读要点]1．人称代词人称代词有主格(I，we，they，he，she，it)和宾格(me，us，them，him，her，it)等之分。

主格在句中作主语；宾格用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。

To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune.只有在不幸时才能真正了解一个人。

2．物主代词形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their)相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。

(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。

专题五动词时态、语态和语气[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第262页)[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·哈师大附中月考)—Do you know if Betty will go hiking this weekend?—Betty? Never! She hates(hate) strong sunlight.2．(2017·安徽安庆五校联考)—I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.—I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you will be(be) a bigger man.Ⅱ.单句改错In 2016，I feel I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a film-making course.feel→felt[再解读要点]一、一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成主要用动词原形构成。

动词be 的第一人称单数形式用am ，第三人称单数形式用is ，其他人称形式均用are 。

动词have 的第三人称单数形式用has 。

实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。

常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always ，every time ，now and then ，occasionally ，often ，seldom ，never ，sometimes ，usually ，every day/night 等连用。

He often goes to work by bus ，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。

(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。

Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year(对应学生用书第189页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写要识记1．consider v．认为2．upset v. 使(某人)心烦意乱，使心情不好3．forever adv.永远4．elect v．选举；推选5．activity n．活动6．ability n．能力；本领；技能7．luggage n．行李8．innocent adj.天真无邪的；阅世不深的9．worn adj.(物品)陈旧的，损坏的10．dynamic adj.精力充沛的，有创新思想的11．regulation n．规章，规则，条例12．punctual adj.准时的，守时的Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．settle v．解决；定居→settler n．移民；殖民者→settlement n．解决；定居点2．compete v．竞争，比赛→competitive adj.好强的；好竞争的→competition n．比赛，竞争→competitor n．比赛者3．suit v．合适；适合→suitable adj.适合的4．attract v．吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的→attraction n．吸引(力)5．develop v．发展；培养→development n．发展→developed adj.发达的→developing adj.发展中的6．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的7．cheer v．欢呼；喝彩；加油→cheerful adj.兴高采烈的Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．Choose a pair of shoes that suits you best.We'll cycle to a suitable placefor a picnic.(suit)2．Compared with developed nations，developing countries are confronted with more pressure and challenges.(develop)3．Blackpool is the top tourist attraction in England.A number of visitors from all over the world are attracted by the attractive scenery.(attract) 4．Our school will send you to compete in the contest.We are sure you will be more competitive than other competitors．(compete)5．It's said that they are the first settlers to settle on the island.Then，the island becomes their permanent settlement．(settle)[拓展联想]各种“选择”①elect 选举；选择②select挑选；选拔③pick 挑选；采摘④choose选择由ability想到的①disability n．残疾，无能②able adj.有能力的③unable adj.不能的④disabled adj.残疾的⑤competent adj.有能力的⑥capable adj.有能力的⑦competence n．能力，胜任⑧capability n. 能力，才能[短语多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．look back at 回顾，回忆2．get on with... 与……相处3．have fun 玩得开心4．as far as I'm concerned 就我而言5．in my view 我认为；在我看来6．be considered as 被看作，被认为是……7．be likely to do 有可能8．play an important part in...在……中起重要作用Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．My parents want me to take extra maths lessons at the weekend，but I want to play and have fun．2．Studies show that people are likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.3．Sometimes I find it difficult to get on with her，because she has a bad temper.4．The old man always sits by the river alone，looking back at the happy old days.5．As far as I'm concerned/In my view，education is about learning and the more you learn，the more equipped for life you are.[拓展联想]“在我看来”表达荟萃①in my view/opinion②as far as I can see③from my point of view④personally speaking[句式结构仿写]教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用1.It seems＋adj.＋ to do sth.看来/似乎是……It seems strange to think that in a few days' time I'll be walking out of the school gates forever. 1.今天因为大雾他按时来这儿似乎是不可能的。

专题六非谓语动词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第202页)[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．(2015·天津高考)Having worked(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish hisreport on schedule.2．Henry can't attend the party being held(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party to be held(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow. 3．(重庆高考)The engine just won't start.Something seems to have gone(go)wrong with it.[再解读要点](centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。

(北京高考)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。

[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save) their valuable time.2．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranged from butterflies to elephants.ranged→ranging[再解读要点]1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。

Module 2 No Drugs(对应学生用书第41页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写要识记1．drug n．毒品；药品2．reduce vt.减少；缩减3．likely adj.可能的4．adult n．成人5．ban vt.禁止6．recognise vt.认识；认知；认出7．cancer n．癌症8．nearby adj.附近的9．horrible adj.令人不快的；极讨厌的10．participant n．参与者；参加者11．distraction n．分心；分散注意力12．jogging n．慢跑Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．addict n．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子→addictive adj.(药物等)上瘾的→addicted adj.上瘾的；成瘾的→addiction n．瘾；入迷；嗜好2．danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的→endanger vt.使遭受危险，危及3．power n．权力→powerful adj.有力的；(药等)有功效的4．crime n．罪行；犯罪行为→criminal n．罪犯5．connect v．联系→connection n．联系；关系；关联6．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.违法的；不合法的7．treat v．治疗；对待→treatment n．治疗8．disagree vi.不同意；意见不合→disagreement n．不同意；争执9．affect vt.影响；对……有坏影响→effect n．影响10．gym(gymnasium) n．健身房，体育馆→gymnast n．体操运动员→gymnastic adj.体操的→gymnastics n．体操，体操训练Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger．So I told him driving fast was dangerous and if he didn't slow down，he would endanger our lives.(danger) 2．Playing computer games can be a dangerous addiction．It often starts as a hobby，but it is so addictive that many young people are addicted to it.Sometimes the addicts will break the law in order to play these games.(addict) 3．Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime．(crime)[拓展联想]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．related to 有关系的；有关联的2．break into 破门而入；强行闯入3．belong to 属于4．be/become addicted to 对……上瘾；沉迷于5．take one's advice 听某人的意见6．in order to/so as to 为了……7．give up 戒除；放弃8．die from 死于9．look up 向上看；查找10．put up 提高(价钱)；举起Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．(2017·鲁西北名校调研)The moment I got home，I found my house broken into and robbed.2．No matter how hard it is，the mother will never give up the hope to treat the illness of the twins.3．The mountain village I visited last week is made up of 30 families belonging to five nationalities.4．Many people in the area died from accidents related to drinking alcohol.5．There are an increasing number of teenagers who are addicted to cigarettes. [拓展联想](对应学生用书第42页)精讲4个考纲单词addict n ．对(药物等)上瘾的人；瘾君子vt.使……上瘾[教材原句] I'm 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict .我19岁，曾经是一个吸毒上瘾的人。

专题二名词和冠词一、名词[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第246页)[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.2．(2017·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.Ⅱ.单句改错Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。

普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有单复数之分。

1．可数名词复数的变化规则(1)名词复数的规则变化①单复数同形：deer ，sheep ，Chinese ，means(方式， 方法)，series ，species ②词形变化：man →men ，woman →women ，child →children ，tooth →teeth ，foot →feet ，mouse →mice ，ox →oxen③合成名词的复数：passer-by →passers-by ，looker ­on →lookers ­on ，grown ­up →grown ­ups ，stand ­by →stand ­bys④名词前有man 或woman 修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变为复数形式。

如：woman doctor →women doctors ，man waiter →men waiters(3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks ，congratulations ，trousers ，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，spirits(情绪)，instructions(操作说明)，directions(用法说明)，papers(试卷， 文件)，times(时代)等。