霍桑的英文简介

Symbolism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
The end ^_^
Themes : Evil & Sin
2) Black vision
Evil
Байду номын сангаас
exists in the human heart possesses some evil secret
Everyone Everyone Evil Sin
seems to cover up his innerost evil
Childhood:
Education: Friends:
a secluded life
Bowdoin College (1821-1825)
H. W. Longfellow & Franklin Pierce
1692,Trial of an accused witch in Salem
The Marble Faun ，1860《大理石雕像》
Famous short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》
Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Literary style
Setting Themes Feature Technique

The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Characters’ Name
Hester: Hestier, Hastier, women’s name-Star Arthur Dimmesdale: →AD →Adultery; Dim+Stale=bad luck Roger Chillingworth: cool / chilly; Roger ≈rogue（无赖）;
•He rejected the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. •Sin and evil can be passed from generation to generation, evil educated. •He had a negative attitude toward science.
The Plot
Seven years later, pearls grew into a beautiful girl, and Hester again won the respect of others. Chillingworth also found that adulterer, the minister, Dimmesdale who was constantly subjected to mental torture.
•Cruel •Devious
Chillingworth
The Maker of the Scarlet Letter
The main characters discussion
Pearl
•Beautiful •Pure

Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804-1864)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Life
July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts
After father’s death in 1808, he lived with mother’s
relatives His great-great- grandfather, John Hathorne, was a crucial judge in the Salem Witch Trails, John Hathorne never repented of his wrong actions, which
Hawthorne felt shame about.
Hathorne Hawthorne
In1819, Hawthorne was sent back to Salem for school, and he made the written homemade newspaper which included essays, poems, and news In 1821, Hawthorne was sent to Bowdoin College
White Mountains in Plymouth,
New Hampshire Hawthorne was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts.
Reference
/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne /wiki/Sophia_Hawthorne
•Never really gets classified as a Transcendentalist.

3. Psycho-analysis
◇ Psychological truth was more important than actual truth. ◇ Explored the complexity of human psychology through the characters’ inner struggle
3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
◇ Human beings are born to be lonely.They defend their pride and selfishness for different reasons. A character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
2.Morality and Sin（道德
& 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement. ◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》

Hawthorne 霍桑Hawthorne was born on the fourth of July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts.霍桑1804年7月4日出生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇。

Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy of seventeenth-century New England.他的先辈在17世纪新英格兰清教徒神权政治时期很有名。

One of them was colonial magistrate, notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers, and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trail in 1692.先辈中有一个是殖民地的地方执法官，曾因迫害贵格会教徒而声名狼藉；另一个是1692年塞勒姆驱巫案的法官。

Gradually the family fortune declined.渐渐地，他的家族开始衰落了。

His father, a sea captain, died in Dutch Guiana, leaving the widow and the child behind to shift for themselves.他的父亲，是船长，死于荷兰的圭亚那，留下了孀居的妻子和年幼的孩子只能自食其力。

In 1821 Hawthorne went to Bowdoin College, where he had Henry wadsworth Longfellow as a classmate.1821年，霍桑在缅因州的博多因学院学习，和亨利•沃兹沃斯•朗费罗是同学。

He also developed a friendship with Franklin Pierce, who was to become the fourteenth president of the United States.此外，他和日后成为美国第十四任总统的富兰克林•皮尔斯也成为了朋友。

Nathaniel Hawthorne
霍 桑 (1804-1864)
I. Life and works
Born at ch spelled the name Hathorne
Salem Witchcraft Trial– 1688, 1692, epilepsy， hanged, imprisoned
Father’s death– the son’s somber and solitary attitude
Bowdoin College– Longfellow, Franklin Pierce Worked at the custom office– consul in Liverpool, England– died in 1864.
Twice-Told Tales (1837) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846)《古宅青苔》 The Scarlet Letter (1850)
The House of the Seven Gables(1851) 《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance(1852)《福谷传奇》 The Marble Faun(1860)《玉石雕像》
III. Evaluation
a master of psychological insight; His significance as a writer can be
summarized mainly in 3 aspects: 1. as a romantic writer 2 for his themes 3. for his style (with narrative interest, ease
▪ Explore ways of redeeming sin: brave to confess and face it, correct it through love, devotion, generosity and forgiveness

Important Work
Background17th CenturyBoston, Massachusetts, New England colonyPuritan 清教徒:Puritans believed God and Satan were present in everyone’s soul. They were constantly fighting against each other. They believed that the relationship of an individual to the community was an important concern.Antinomian 唯信仰论者：主张基督徒可以废弃道德，依靠信仰来拯救灵魂。Quaker 教友派：靠内心意识指引的教派Witch 巫女
The Scarlet Letter
Nathanig
Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑
1804年7月4日—1864年5月19日
Fanshawe (1825，《范肖》）Twice-Told Tales （1837，《故事重述》）Mosses From an Old Manse (1846,《古屋青苔》)The Scarlet Letter(1850,《红字》）House of the Seven Gables (1851,《七个尖角阁的房子》)The Blithedale Romance (1852,《福谷传奇》)The Marble Faun (1857,《玉石雕像》)
Roger Chillingworth
Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient in human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul. He is interested in revenge, not justice, and he seeks the deliberate destruction of others rather than a redress of wrongs. His desire to hurt others stands in contrast to Hester and Dimmesdale’s sin.

《牧师的黑面纱》 The Minister‘s Black Veil • 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》House with seven horns pavilion • 《神谷传说》God valley legend • 《红字》Scarlet Letter
Other Works
• • • • • •
《华盛顿广场》Washington Square 《贵妇的画像》The Portrait of a Lady 《螺丝在拧紧》The Turn of the Screw 《波士顿人》The Bostonians 《一摞信》A Bundle of Letters 《鸽之翼》The Wings of the Dove
纳撒尼尔 霍桑
• Hawthorne attended Bowdoin (鲍登) College, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824, and graduated in 1825; his classmates included future president Franklin Pierce and future poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Hawthorne anonymously (匿名地) published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals (期刊) which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist (adj. 超越论者的，先验论者的) community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse (n. 牧师住宅)in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of (一系列) other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, leaving behind his wife and their three children.

Hawthorne’s Writing Style
• A man of literary craftsmanship, extraordinary in • The use of symbol: symbols serve as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing. • Revelation of characters’ psychology: he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. There isn’t much physical movement going on in his works • The use of supernatural mixed with the actual
• His stories are parable(allegory)——to teach a lesson • Use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty——multiple point of view
Hawthorne’s major works
Байду номын сангаас
• 2) he was convinced that romance was the best form to describe America • The poverty of materials+the avoidance of offending the puritan taste—— romances rather than novels to tell the truth and satirize and yet not the offend

Setting: The Scarlet Letter
Place:
Puritan Boston Time: the mid-17th century The central scaffold scenes are set in the market place. Like other Puritan settlements in New England, the local and colonial governments were theocracies. A theocracy is a government where the civil laws are based (in whole or in part) on religious laws; civil leaders in theocracies are probably also important religious leaders
Symbolism
The names of characters
Names
(1)
Hester Prynne Hestia the Virgin Goddess of the hearth, of the right ordering of domesticity and the family in Greek mythology symbol of chastity and virtue showing the author’s praise to Hester’s beauty and saint, Goddess-like beillingworth
“Chilling”
means chilly. He is a man deficient in human warmth. He is a cruel and cold-blooded man. “Worth” tells us Roger’s act is, to some extend, worth/valuable----the author’s contradictory psychology to Puritanism.

Psychological and physical struggle
About human’s nature and sociality
eg. When Hester tells him Chillingworth is her husband, he is not brave to face and overcome it, but to sink down on the ground, and burry his face in his hands, he throws his burden upon Hester. “I am powerless to go! ….Lost as my own soul is, I would still do what I may for other human souls! I dare not quit my post…
小说以两百多年前的殖民地时期的美洲为背景，围绕 着四个主人公之间的爱恨、善恶、惩罚与报复而展 开，同时揭露了19世纪资本主义发展时代的美国社 会法典的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。
the scarlet letter
main characters:
Hester Prynne 海斯特· 白兰(a woman with the scarlet letter A on her dress）
father:died when he was only four mother:relied on relatives in rearing the
children a family with long puritan tradition brought up by his uncle he graduated from bowdoin college in 1842

word
霍桑
纳撒尼尔·霍桑〔1804-1864〕是美国杰出的浪漫主义作家，出身于美国东部新英格兰地区的一个破落贵族世家。

笃信清教是其家族的传统，霍桑深受影响。

因父亡，4岁时他随母迁往萨莱姆依附外公家，此地历史上曾发生过“驱巫〞案，霍桑祖上曾有人充任过审理此案的法官，并以狂热严厉著称。

霍桑从小听人讲述有关的传闻，形成深刻印象，此类事件成为他日后创作的重要题材和主题。

如《七个尖屋顶的房屋》〔1851〕即描写了一个迫害无辜的家族世代遭受报应的故事。

1825年，霍桑大学毕业，并开始小说创作。

他的小说集《重讲一遍的故事》〔第一集，1837；第二集，1842〕和《古屋青苔》出版后，在文坛引起反响。

1850年，长篇小说《红字》出版，受到广泛重视，成为当时最有影响的作家。

此后，他又接连写出了长篇小说《七个尖屋顶的房屋》、《福谷传奇》〔1852〕和《玉石雕像》〔1860〕等作品。

霍桑的思想比较复杂。

成人后的霍桑厌恶清教的褊狭冷酷，常在文中加以抨击，但他始终未能摆脱清教伦理的束缚，往往从某某原罪的角度审视评判社会性罪恶，如短篇小说《教长的面纱》和《年轻小伙子布朗》，都表现了罪恶的普遍性和隐秘性的主题。

他还受到当时颇具声势的超验主义思潮影响，参与傅立叶式的农庄建设，试图从大自然的启示中找到人生真谛。

但他后来又觉得此路不通，《福谷传奇》描写的就是一群热衷于超验主义运动的知识分子社会改良计划的破产。

霍桑的小说长于形而上的思考和心理分析，常被称作“心理罗曼史〞，对美国浪漫主义文学的发展和心理小说的兴起起了很大的推动作用。

1 / 1。

The Minister’s Black Veil
分析胡珀教长带黑面纱的原因： 1. 始终是个迷,也许像故事暗示的那样，他曾经犯下某 种罪孽，为给自己赎罪而带上黑面纱。 2. 为芸芸教众们赎罪。世间所有的人都带有与生俱来 的罪孽，而且每个人都设法隐藏它，因此是不可饶恕 的。 3. 他的清教主义的罪恶观使他的双眼蒙上一层黑纱。 4. 以一种似乎自相矛盾的方式抗议人们缺乏坦率、存 有隔膜、缺乏同情心及友爱之心。
Masterpiece The Scarlet Letter
1850 《红字》 Novel The House of the Seven Gables 1851 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》 Novel The Blithedale Romance 1852 《福谷传奇》
Children’s book True Stories from History and Biography 1851 《真实的历史和人物传奇故事》 Wonder Book for Girls and Boys 1851 《奇异的书》 Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys 1853《丛林传说》 Collection of short stories The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales 《雪影和其它重讲一遍故事》 1852 Novel The Marble Faun 1860《玉石雕像》 Novel Our Old Home 1863《我们的老家》
He was hired in 1839 as a weigher and gauger at the Boston
Custom House. He joined the transcendentalist utopian community at Brook Farm in 1841. While on a tour of the White Mountains, Hawthorne died in his sleep on May 19, 1864, in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

霍桑生平大事转自理想藏书-作家与作品-美国相关霍桑生平大事--------------------------------------------------------------------------------纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanieI Hawthorne，1804-1864）霍桑，（Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804～1864）美国小说家。

1804年7月4日生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落世家，1864年5月19日卒于新罕普郡的普利茅斯。

4岁丧父，1821年由亲戚资助进入博多因学院。

1825年毕业后回到塞勒姆从事写作。

曾自费出版长篇小说《范肖》，发表很多短篇作品，出版短篇集《古宅青苔》、《雪影》等。

他的短篇小说大都取材于新英格兰的历史和现实生活，着重探讨人性和人的命运，带有较浓重的宗教气息和神秘色彩。

名篇《小伙子布朗》、《教长的黑纱》等揭示人人皆有的隐秘的罪恶和人的必然的孤独处境。

一些故事反映了作者对理性、科学和技术进步的怀疑少数作品正面表达了他的理想，如《石面人像》。

1836年和1846年两度在海关任职，1841年参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。

1842年后结识了作家爱默生、梭罗等。

1848年因政府更迭失去海关职位，后专心写作，完成了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》。

小说取材于殖民地时期的新英格兰生活，主人公是因犯加尔文教派所严禁的通奸罪而被标上红字示众的少妇白兰。

作者细致深入地揭示人的内心冲突，探讨了种种有关罪恶和人性的道德、哲理问题，对几个主要人物，如在磨难和赎罪中走向自新的海斯特·白兰，被良心、信仰和爱情苦苦折磨的狄姆斯台尔牧师，以及白兰的丈夫、一心谋求报复的罗杰，都有入木三分的描写。

小说以监狱和玫瑰花开场，以墓地结束，充满丰富的象征寓义。

随后发表的《带有七个尖角阁的房子》讲述品恩钦家族的祖先谋财害命而使后代遭到报应的故事，反映了早期美国社会中的血腥掠夺，以及作者对人的罪恶（特别是祖先的罪过）的异常关注。

剧情
故事发生在两百多年 前的波士顿。 海丝特·白兰因犯了通 奸罪受到加尔文教派权力 机构的惩罚， 胸 前佩戴 着标志通奸的红色“A” 字站在古老的枷刑台上示 众。她的手中抱着这个罪 孽的证据：一个出生仅数 月的婴儿。在人们无情的 注视下，她拒绝了年轻牧 师阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔提出 的忏悔并供出同犯的要求。 受过惩罚后，海丝特在 城外 远离人群的一间小 茅屋里住了下来。她以作 针线活维生，并细心地照 料着她的女儿——珠儿。 这时，海斯特的丈夫来到 了美国。他满怀仇恨地改 名为罗杰·奇林沃思，以 医生的身份暗中察访与海 丝特通奸的同犯。
剧情
很快七年过去了。珠儿已 成长为一个美丽可爱的小 姑娘。而海丝特因为不断 热心接济和帮助别人，最 终赢得了人们的尊敬，使 胸前那本来代表耻辱的红 字变成了美好善良德行的 象征。 而经过多年的窥探， 罗杰也认定了“道德伟大” 的丁梅斯代尔牧师就是那 个隐藏的同犯。于是他千 方百计地接近牧师， 旁敲 侧击，冷嘲热讽，不停地 在精神上对牧师进行折磨。 海丝特为了使丁梅斯尔 逃离丈夫的阴影，决心带 着女 儿和他一起逃走，但 却被罗杰发现，计划失败 了。而对罗杰的恐惧和自 己隐瞒罪责的煎熬使丁梅 斯代尔的健康每况愈下。 终于在离开尘世前夕，在 全体教众的面前，他挽着 海丝特和他们的女儿珠儿 登上了枷刑台，用以生命 为代价的深切忏悔换取了 道德上的新生。
Themes of his writing
1、Explore the relationship between the past and the present. 2、Explore the hidden motivations of his characters. 3、 Examine the effect of hidden sin and secret guilt. 4、 Moral or immoral,right or wrong is the question Hawthorne always talks about in his works.

The heroine---Hester Prynne from her horrendous trials, she gains strength, courage, and her lost love. She's the embodiment of deep contradictions: bad and beautiful, holy and sinful, conventional and radical. She’s also a mirror, revealing the rue feelings of the reader about the role of women in society. All the contradictions of Hester —— make her an enduring heroine of American literature. She is flawed, complex, and above all fertile.
2.The Magistrate issues a warrant for the arrest of the accused person.
3. The accused person is taken into custody and examined by two or more Magistrates. If, after listening to testimony, the Magistrate believes that the accused person is probably guilty, the accused is sent to jail for possible reexamination and to await trial.

霍桑的英文简介Nathaniel Hawthorne From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 1860sBornJuly 4, 1804(1804-07-04) Salem, Massachusetts, United StatesDiedMay 19, 1864 (aged 59) Plymouth, New Hampshire, United StatesOccupationNovelist, Short story writer, Custom House worker, United States ConsulLiterary movementDark RomanticismNathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer.Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne. He later changed his name to "Hawthorne", adding a "w" to dissociate from relatives including John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824,[1] and graduated in 1825; his classmates included future president Franklin Pierce and future poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Hawthorne anonymously published his first work, a novel titled Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories in various periodicals which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year, he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at a Custom House and joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community, before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, later moving to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to The Wayside in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19, 1864, leaving behind his wife and their three children.Much of Hawthorne's writing centers around New England, many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels, short stories, and a biography of his friend Franklin Pierce.。