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新概念英语第二册第七十一课笔记（3）语法：虚拟语气：一．语气的定义和种类1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed!祝您成功！二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。
条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。
if有表示“如果”的意思如：If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
新概念英语第二册听力及翻译Lesson 71Lesson 71 A famous clock 一个的大钟First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Has Big Ben ever gone wrong?When you visit London, one of the first things you will seeis Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B. B. C. If the Houses of Parliament had notbeen burned down in1834,the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from sir Benjamin Hall whowas responsible for them making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officialsfrom Gfeenwich Observatory have the clock checked twicea day. On the B. B. C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed togive the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!New words and expressions生词和短语parliament n. 议会，国会observatory n.天文台erect v.建起check v.检查accurate adj. 准确的microphone n.扩音器，麦克风official n.官员，行政人员tower n. 塔Greenwich n.格林尼治Notes on the text课文注释1 Big Ben,大钟的名字，译成“大本”。
新概念英语第二册(英音新版) 第71课：大本钟报错时间Lesson 71 A famous clock第七十一课一个的大钟First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Has Big Ben ever gone wrong?“大本”钟出错了吗?When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben,当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都能够听到它的声音的大钟。
If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。
Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。
It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.此钟不但外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。
Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。
Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟【Text 】When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can beheard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834,the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall whowas responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. Itis not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatoryhave the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually strikingbecause microphones are connected to the clock tower . Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however , it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a potof paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【课文翻译】当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第⼆册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!《新概念英语》第⼆册第70课:Red for danger!【课⽂】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly draggedthe drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympatheticallyuntil the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.【课⽂翻译】在⼀次⽃⽜时，⼀个醉汉突然溜达到⽃⽜场中间，⼈们开始⼤叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。
Lesson 71 A famous clock【New words and expressions】（9）parliament n. 議會，國會erect v. 建起accurate adj. 準確的official n. 官員，行政人員Greenwich n. 格林尼治observatory n. 天文臺check v. 檢查microphone n. 擴音器，麥克風tower n. 塔★parliament （英）議會，國會（美）Congressmember of parliament英》下院議員、國會議員【略】MPcongressman（米國の）國會議員congresswoman 〈米〉女性下院議員、女性國會議員parliament：the Upper Chamber / House 上議院the Lower Chamber / House 下議院Congress ：Senate n.參議院，上院；the House of Representatives眾議院★erect1.）v. 建起＝set up , put up , buildeg：They are planning to erect a monument. 他們計劃豎立紀念碑。
2.）vt.建造；豎立，使直立erect a flagpole豎旗杆；erect a tent搭起帳篷elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi.進行選舉，作出選擇erupt vi.(火山等)噴發，噴出；(戰爭等)爆發★accurate adj. 準確無誤free from error無誤差的←→inaccurate不精確的an accurate clock準確的鐘；an accurate map準確地圖accurate figures準確的數字；an accurate report 準確的報告eg：Is your watch accurate ？你的錶是否準確？eg：He is accurate in his judgment.（n.意見判斷(力)）他的判斷是準確的。
Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟【Text】When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!【课文翻译】当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。
如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。
“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。
此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。
格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。
当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。
“大本”钟很多出差错。
然而有一次，它却把时间报错。
在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！New words and expressions 生词和短语1.parliament 国会the Houses of Parliament (英国的) 国会大厦Eg: Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.现在国会通过政策，但是政策还没有变成法律。
2.Erect v. 建造，树立，建起V. erect a monument建立纪念碑1) 竖起，搭起erect a tent搭起帐篷Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901.此建筑是在1900年到1901年间建造的。
Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.示威者在去往国会大楼的路上竖起了路障。
Eg: We all unconsciously erect barriers between each other.我们都不知不觉的在彼此之间竖起了隔阂2) adj.竖立的，垂直的，直立的stand erect直立Eg: Hold your head erect.把头挺直。
3.accurate adj. 精确的，准确的an accurate clock, map准确的钟，地图Eg: His description was accurate.他的叙述很准确。
Eg: Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer 警察强调说这就是杀人犯最为精确的描述了。
Eg: Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.新闻工作者的报道并非一贯准确。
take accurate aim瞄得准an accurate dimension精确的尺寸accurately adv.accuracy n.4. Official1）官方的Official affairs 公务,公事Official funds 公款Official documents官方文件an official announcement官方公告an official website官方网站Eg: The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.对于总统的缺席，官方给出的原因是生病了。
2）官员Eg: A senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month..联合国的一个高级官员希望这个月去访问巴格达。
5.Greenwich n. 格林尼治/格林威治Greenwich Mean Time世界时（也叫格林尼治/格林威治时间）缩写GMT6.observatory n. 天文台，气象台1）observevt. 庆祝=celebrateEg: How do you observe Children’s Day?你如何庆祝儿童节？vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论Eg: Someone who doesn't observe traffic regulations will sweat.不遵守交通规则者必将要吃苦头。
Eg: We can observe our kids and learn more about them.我们就可以观察我们的孩子，更多地了解他们。
2）Observer n 观察者Eg: I think that's what I learned from him: how to be an observer.我想这是我从他那里学到的：怎么做一个观察者。
3）observatory 天文台，气象台7.Check 检查，核对Eg: Check the accuracy of everything in your CV.检查你的简历上每处都是准确的。
Eg: I think there is an age limit, but I have to check.我觉得是有年龄限制的，但是我需要查一下Eg: I shall need to check with the duty officer我要与执勤管核对一下。
Eg: He must check his work more carefully because it's full of mistakes.他检查工作时要再仔细一些，因为到处是错。
check in/check out 入房登记，退房办理check in one's luggage 托运行李check (up) on sb. 调查某人的行为，背景等Eg: The police are checking up on him.警方正在调查他checklist清单check-point 检查点n. hold/keep sth in check 抑制，约束，制止keep my temper in check控制我自己不发脾气8.Microphone 麦克风，扩音器，话筒Eg: I keep these songs in my head until I get behind the microphone.直到站在话筒前我一直是将这些歌记在脑中。
Eg: Record a CD. If you have a computer and microphone, all you need is your talent.做一张CD唱片。
如果你拥有电脑和麦克风，所有你需要的只是你的才能。
Eg: Would you like to talk to me on the microphone, instead of typing in the chatroom.你愿意用麦克风跟我讲话，而不是在聊天室里打字吗？9. Tower n 塔Eg: The Tower of London stands in the East End of London.伦敦塔位于伦敦的东区。
Eg: I felt dizzy when I looked down from the top of the television tower .当我从电视塔顶往下看时，我感到头晕目眩。
【课文讲解】1. When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clockwhich can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.famous Eg: London was once famous for its fogs.伦敦曾以多雾而闻名 Eg:Brighton is famous as a bathing place.布来顿以海水浴场驰名the B.B.C. =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司在电视上看到，在广播里听到都用on 。
Eg: I saw him on TV last night.昨天晚上我看到他上电视了。
when 引导的时间状语从句。
one of +名词复数 （前面可以用序数词，最高级等修饰） one of the famous singersyou will see 是定语从句 ，作things 的定语。
省略了that ，只能用that.Big Ben 和the famous clock 同位语which can be heard 定语从句an be heard 情态动词的被动语态2. the great clock would never have been erected.If 引导的非真实条件句(详见key structure)对过去事情的虚拟：If +从句（过去完成时）， 主句(would have done ）Eg:If I had worked harder at school, I would have got a better job .对现在事情的虚拟：If +从句（一般过去时），主句（would do ）Eg:If I were in your position, I would act differently .Eg:If you saw him now you wouldn’t recognize him .错综时间下的用法：过去条件+现实情况Eg: If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he should not be ill now.要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。
