国际贸易术语 表格
- 格式:docx
- 大小:18.12 KB
- 文档页数:2
国际贸易术语FOBFOB(Free on Board---named port of shipment)---装运港船上交货价(---指定装运港),该术语规定卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内在指定的装运港将货物交至买方指定的船上,并负担货物越过船舷以前为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险。
CIFCIF(Cost、Insurance and Freight---named port of destination)---成本加保险费、运费(---指定目的港),是指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上,负担货物越过船舷以前为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险并办理货运保险,支付保险费,以及负责租船订舱,支付从装运港到目的港的正常运费。
CFRCFR (Cost and Freight---named port of destination)---成本加运费(---指定目的港),是指卖方必须自阿合同规定的装运期内,在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上,负担货物越过船舷以前为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险,并负责租船订舱,支付至目的港的正常运费。
FCAFCA(FREE d place),即货交承运人(……指定地点)。
此术语是指卖方必须在合同规定的交货期内在指定地点将货物交给买方指定的承运人监管,并负担货物交由承运人监管前的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险。
需要说明的是,交货地点选择对于在该地点装货和卸货的义务会产生影响。
若卖方在其所在地交货,则卖方应负责装货;若卖方在任何其他地点交货,卖方不负责卸货,即使货物在卖方的运输工具上,尚未卸货,卖方只要将货物交给买方指定的承运人或其他人或由卖方选定的承运人或其他人处置时,交货即算完成。
当卖方将货物交给承运人照管,并办理了出口结关手续,就算履行了其交货义务。
FCA术语适用于各种运输方式,包括多式联运。
CIPCIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid to---named place of destination)---运费付至(---指定目的地),是指卖方支付货物运至目的地的运费,并对货物在运输途中灭失或损坏的买方风险取得货物保险,订立保险合同,支付保险费用,在货物被交由承运人保管时,货物灭失或损坏的风险,以及由于在货物交给承运人后发生的事件而引起的额外费用,即从卖方转移至买方。
简称及含义地点转移费、承运人)保险合同问题划分运输方式备注EXW(Ex Words)工厂交货(插入指定交货地点)卖方在约定时间或期限内在商品产地或所在地交货以买方在交货地控制货物为界限买方,自己安排运输买方(自愿),但应买方要求,卖方要提供相关信息买方承担一切出口和进口的通关手续卖方根据买方要求,在不承担风险和费用的前提下应协助买方办理相关出口手续以交货为界,双方各自支付控制货物时所需费用适用于各种运输方式(可用于国内贸易)1.此条件下卖方承担责任最少,成交价格也最低。
2.双方应约定好交货时间和地点,若一方为及时交易则过失一方承担由自己过失引起的一切损失。
3.双方并无办理保险的义务,如需办理,买方自己负责,但卖方应提供相关信息。
FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人(插入指定交货地点)卖方在约定时间或期限内在约定地点交给买方指定承运人以卖方将货物交给承运人控制为界限买方,通常有买方安排承运人,与之订立运输合同,并将承运人的情况通知卖方。
买方(自愿),但应买方要求,卖方要提供相关信息卖方负责出口,买方负责通过第三国过境和进口以交货为界,双方各自支付控制货物时所需费用适用于各种运输方式1.若买方没有及时通知卖方或其指定承运人没有按照指定时间接受货物,且无约定时间,则按卖方完成交货时通知日算起,由买方承担一切由此而来的风险。
3.双方并无办理保险的义务,如需办理,买方自己负责,但卖方应提供相关信息。
CPT (Carriage Pay To)运费付至(插入指定目的地)卖方约定时间或期限内在约定地点交给卖方指定承运人或第一承运人以卖方将货物交给承运人控制为界限卖方(义务)买方(自愿),但应买方要求,卖方要提供相关信息卖方负责出口,买方负责通过第三国过境和进口卖方承担交货前一切费用,包括出口关税等。
此外,卖方要支付将货物运到指定地点的运费以及合同中规定的货物装卸费。
买方承担接货后的费用,包括进口手续及关税。
贸易术语总结表20231. 引言贸易术语是国际贸易中常用的一系列专业术语,用于描述各种贸易活动和交易条件。
了解和掌握贸易术语对于从事国际贸易的商业人士来说至关重要。
本文档旨在提供一个贸易术语总结表,帮助读者理解和运用这些术语。
2. 术语总结表下面是一些常见的贸易术语及其解释:2.1. CIF(成本、保险和运费)CIF是指卖方负责运输、保险和支付费用将货物交付到指定目的地的一种贸易术语。
卖方需负责货物的费用和运输风险,直到货物抵达目的地。
2.2. FOB(装运港)FOB是指卖方将货物交付给买方指定的装运港口,并自负运输风险和费用直到货物到达装运港口的贸易术语。
2.3. EXW(工厂交货)EXW是指买方需要自行承担所有运输风险和费用,从卖方工厂或指定的仓库提取货物的贸易术语。
2.4. DDP(交付完税)DDP是指卖方负责将货物交付到买方指定的目的地,并承担所有相关费用和税款的贸易术语。
2.5. L/C(信用证)L/C是指买方通过银行发行的一种支付保函,保证卖方在交货后按照合同规定的贸易条款获得款项的贸易术语。
2.6. T/T(电汇)T/T是指买方通过银行向卖方转账支付货款的贸易术语。
2.7. B/L(提单)B/L是指货物运输过程中的一种文件,用于证明货物已经承运并描述承运的合同条款的贸易术语。
2.8. Incoterms(国际贸易术语解释通则)Incoterms是一个国际贸易术语集,用于规定买卖双方在交易中的责任和义务,包括货物的交付、风险转移等方面的规定。
2.9. 清关(海关清关)清关是指在货物进出口过程中,通过海关的检验、审核和放行程序,完成对货物合法性的验证和身份确认的程序。
2.10. 进口许可证进口许可证是指在进口特定商品时,需要取得国家相关机构发放的许可证明文件,以确保相关商品符合安全和质量要求的贸易术语。
3. 总结本文档提供了一份贸易术语总结表,涵盖了国际贸易中常见的一些术语及其解释。
了解贸易术语对于从事国际贸易的商业人士来说是非常重要的,可帮助他们更好地理解和运用这些术语。
国际贸易术语这里C代表成本(cost),&是和的意思,F代表运费(freight),I代表保险费(insurance)C&F,CandF,CNF都是常说的成本加运费价,不过这都不是标准的表述,标准的是CFRCIF价比CFR多了保险费用,俗称到岸价,但实际上它们买卖双方风险的划分都是货物跨过船舷为准。
(1)FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人(2)FAS (Free Alongside Ship) 装运港船边交货(3)FOB (Free on Board) 装运港船上交货(4)CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费(5)CIF (Cost,Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险费加运费(6)CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至目的地(7)CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) 运费、保险费付至目的地(8)DAF (Delivered At Frontier) 边境交货(9)DES (Delivered Ex Ship) 目的港船上交货(10)DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) 目的港码头交货(11)DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) 未完税交货(12)DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货主要船务术语简写:(1)ORC (Origen Recevie Charges) 本地收货费用(广东省收取)(2)THC (Terminal Handling Charges) 码头操作费(香港收取)(3)BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor) 燃油附加费(4)CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor) 货币贬值附加费(5)YAS (Yard Surcharges)码头附加费(6)EPS (Equipment Position Surcharges) 设备位置附加费(7)DDC (Destination Delivery Charges) 目的港交货费(8)PSS (Peak Season Sucharges) 旺季附加费(9)PCS (Port Congestion Surcharge) 港口拥挤附加费(10)DOC (DOcument charges) 文件费(11)O/F (Ocean Freight) 海运费(12)B/L (Bill of Lading) 海运提单(13)MB/L(Master Bill of Lading) 船东单(14)MTD (Multimodal Transport Document) 多式联运单据(15)L/C (Letter of Credit) 信用证(16)C/O (Certificate of Origin) 产地证(17)S/C (Sales Confirmation)销售确认书(Sales Contract) 销售合同(18)S/O (Shipping Order)装货指示书(19)W/T (Weight Ton)重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费)(20)M/T (Measurement Ton)尺码吨(即货物收费以尺码计费)(21)W/M(Weight or Measurement ton)即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费(22)CY (Container Yard) 集装箱(货柜)堆场(23)FCL (Full Container Load) 整箱货(24)LCL (Less than Container Load) 拼箱货(散货)(25)CFS (Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站(26)TEU (Twenty-feet Equivalent Units) 20英尺换算单位(用来计算货柜量的多少)(27)A/W (All Water)全水路(主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式)(28)MLB(Mini Land Bridge) 迷你大陆桥(主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式)(29)NVOCC(Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier) 无船承运人第一类:适用于任何运输方式。
国际贸易术语表国际贸易术语表1-价格术语1-1 EXW (Ex Works,卖方工厂交货)1-2 FOB (Free On Board,船上交货)1-3 CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight,成本、保险和运费) 1-4 DDU (Delivered Duty Unpd,未完税交货)1-5 DDP (Delivered Duty Pd,完税交货)1-6 CIP (Carriage and Insurance Pd To,运费和保险付至) 1-7 DAT (Delivered at Terminal,终端交货)1-8 DAP (Delivered at Place,指定地点交货)2-运输术语2-1 Contner Yard (CY,集装箱场)2-2 Delivery Order (DO,提货单)2-3 Bill of Lading (B/L,提单)2-4 r Waybill (AWB,空运单)2-5 Multimodal Transport (多式联运)2-6 Inland Transportation (内陆运输)2-7 Customs Clearance (报关)3-保险术语3-1 Marine Insurance (海上保险)3-2 All Risks (一切险)3-3 War Risk (战争险)3-4 FPA (Free of Particular Average,平安险) 3-5 Institute Cargo Clauses (货物保险条款) 4-支付术语4-1 Letter of Credit (信用证)4-2 Telegraphic Transfer (电汇)4-3 Documentary Collections (跟单托收)4-4 Open Account (赊销)5-贸易条款5-1 Incoterms (国际贸易术语解释通则)5-2 Force Majeure (不可抗力)5-3 Arbitration (仲裁)5-4 Non-Disclosure Agreement (保密协议)附件:无法律名词及注释:●EXW (Ex Works,卖方工厂交货):卖方仅负责将货物交于约定的地点供买方自行提取。
常用国际贸易术语200个Advertising campaign(广告活动)Advertising(广告)After-sales service(售后服务)Agent(代理商)Anti-dumping duty(反倾销税)Anti-dumping measures(反倾销措施)Arbitration(仲裁)B2B (Business-to-Business)(企业对企业)B2C (Business-to-Consumer)(企业对消费者)Balance of payments(国际收支平衡)Balance of trade(贸易差额)Bilateral trade(双边贸易)Bill discounting(票据贴现)Bill of lading(提单)Brand management(品牌管理)Branding(品牌建设)Business license(营业执照)Business negotiation(商务谈判)Business networking(商务社交)Certificate of compliance(合规证书)Certificate of conformity(合格证书)Certificate of inspection(检验证书)Certificate of origin(原产地证书)CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight)(成本、保险和运费)Command economy(计划经济)Commercial invoice(商业发票)Common market(共同市场)Competitive analysis(竞争分析)Competitive intelligence(竞争情报)Contract negotiation(合同谈判)Copyright(版权)Counterfeit goods(假冒商品)Countervailing duties(反补贴税)Cross-border trade(跨境贸易)Currency appreciation(货币升值)Currency devaluation(货币贬值)Currency fluctuation(货币波动)Customer relationship management (CRM)(客户关系管理)Customer retention(客户保留)Customer satisfaction(客户满意度)Customs broker(报关行)Customs clearance(海关清关)Customs clearance(清关)Customs duty(关税)Customs union(关税同盟)Customs(海关)DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)(货到付款)Demand forecasting(需求预测)Direct investment(直接投资)Distribution channel management(渠道管理)Distribution channel(分销渠道)Distribution strategy(分销策略)Distribution(配送)Distributor(经销商)Documentary collection(跟单托收)Dumping investigation(倾销调查)Dumping margin calculation(倾销幅度计算)Dumping margin(倾销幅度)Dumping(倾销)E-commerce(电子商务)Economic sanctions(经济制裁)Ex works(工厂交货)Exchange rate fluctuations(汇率波动)Exhibition booth(展位)Export controls(出口管制)Export credit agency(出口信用机构)Export credit(出口信贷)Export documentation(出口文件)Export duty(出口关税)Export license(出口许可证)Export promotion(出口促进)Export quota(出口配额)Export regulations(出口法规)Export subsidy scheme(出口补贴计划)Export subsidy(出口补贴)Export(出口)Export-oriented production(出口导向型生产)EXW (Ex Works)(工厂交货)FCL (Full Container Load)(整柜)FOB (Free On Board)(离岸价)Foreign exchange market(外汇市场)Foreign exchange rate(汇率)Foreign exchange rate(外汇汇率)Franchising(特许经营)Free trade agreement(自由贸易协定)Free trade zone(自由贸易区)Free trade(自由贸易)Freight forwarding(货运代理)GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)(关税和贸易总协定)GSP (Generalized System of Preferences)(普惠制)Hedging(套期保值)Import documentation(进口文件)Import duty rate(进口关税税率)Import duty(进口关税)Import license(进口许可证)Import quota system(进口配额制度)Import quota(进口配额)Import regulations(进口法规)Import restrictions(进口限制)Import substitution(进口替代)Import(进口)Incoterms(国际贸易术语解释)Indirect export(间接出口)Insurance policy(保险单)Intellectual property infringement(知识产权侵权)Intellectual property rights protection(知识产权保护)Intellectual property rights(知识产权)International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)(国际商会)International payment(国际支付)International standards(国际标准)International trade fair(国际贸易博览会)International trade finance(国际贸易融资)International trade(国际贸易)Inventory management(库存管理)Joint venture(合资企业)LCL (Less than Container Load)(散货)Letter of credit(信用证)Letter of intent(意向书)Licensing(许可)Logistics(物流)Manufacturer(制造商)Market access(市场准入)Market analysis(市场分析)Market demand(市场需求)Market economy(市场经济)Market entry barrier(市场准入壁垒)Market entry barriers(市场准入壁垒)Market entry mode(市场进入方式)Market entry strategy(市场进入策略)Market expansion(市场扩张)Market expansion(市场拓展)Market growth(市场增长)Market opportunity(市场机会)Market penetration(市场渗透)Market positioning(市场定位)Market research report(市场研究报告)Market research(市场调研)Market research(市场研究)Market saturation(市场饱和)Market segmentation(市场细分)Market share analysis(市场份额分析)Market share(市场份额)Market trend analysis(市场趋势分析)Market trend(市场趋势)Marketing campaign(营销活动)Marketing mix(市场营销组合)Marketing strategy(营销策略)Mediation(调解)Memorandum of understanding (MOU)(谅解备忘录)MFN (Most Favored Nation) status(最惠国待遇)Mixed economy(混合经济)Multilateral trade(多边贸易)Non-disclosure agreement (NDA)(保密协议)Non-tariff barriers(非关税壁垒)Online marketing(网络营销)Online marketplace(在线市场)Open account(开放账户)Order fulfillment(订单履行)Packing list(装箱单)Patent(专利)Payment terms(支付条款)Preferential trade agreement(优惠贸易协定)Preferential trade(优惠贸易)Price negotiation(价格谈判)Pricing strategy(定价策略)Product development(产品开发)Product differentiation(产品差异化)Product positioning(产品定位)Product quality control(产品质量控制)Product recall(产品召回)Proforma invoice(形式发票)Promotion(推广)Public relations(公关)Purchase order(采购订单)Quality control(质量控制)Quota(配额)Retailer(零售商)Risk management(风险管理)Royalties(版税)Rules of origin(原产地规则)Safeguard measures(保障措施)Sales contract(销售合同)Sales forecast(销售预测)Sales promotion(促销)Social media marketing(社交媒体营销)Strategic alliance(战略联盟)Subsidy investigation(补贴调查)Subsidy(补贴)Supplier(供应商)Supply chain management(供应链管理)Supply chain optimization(供应链优化)Supply chain(供应链)Tariff(关税)Tariffication(关税化)Trade agreement(贸易协定)Trade association(行业协会)Trade barrier(贸易壁垒)Trade barriers(贸易壁垒)Trade credit insurance(贸易信用保险)Trade credit(贸易信用)Trade deficit(贸易逆差)Trade dispute resolution(贸易争端解决)Trade dispute settlement(贸易争端解决)Trade dispute(贸易争端)Trade embargo(贸易禁运)Trade facilitation agreement(贸易便利化协定)Trade facilitation measures(贸易便利化措施)Trade facilitation(贸易便利化)Trade finance agreement(贸易融资协议)Trade finance facility(贸易融资工具)Trade finance instruments(贸易融资工具)Trade finance options(贸易融资选择)Trade finance(贸易融资)Trade financing options(贸易融资选择)Trade imbalance(贸易失衡)Trade in goods(货物贸易)Trade in services(服务贸易)Trade insurance(贸易保险)Trade liberalization(贸易自由化)Trade mission(贸易代表团)Trade negotiations(贸易谈判)Trade policy(贸易政策)Trade promotion activities(贸易促进活动)Trade promotion organizations(贸易促进组织)Trade promotion(贸易促进)Trade protectionism(贸易保护主义)Trade remedies(贸易救济措施)Trade restrictions(贸易限制)Trade secrets(商业机密)Trade show participation(参展)Trade show(贸易展览会)Trade surplus(贸易顺差)Trade(贸易)Trademark(商标)Trade-related investment measures(与贸易有关的投资措施)Trading bloc(贸易集团)TRIPS Agreement(Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)(与贸易有关的知识产权协议)Warehousing(仓储)Wholesaler(批发商)World Trade Organization (WTO)(世界贸易组织)WTO rules(世界贸易组织规则)。
国际贸易术语表国际贸易术语表1. 引言国际贸易术语是在国际贸易中经常使用的一系列专业术语和约定。
这些术语用于规范和统一国际贸易活动中各方之间的沟通和交流,方便各国之间的贸易畅通。
本文档旨在提供一个包含常用国际贸易术语的列表,并对其进行解释和说明,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些术语。
2. 术语列表以下是一些常见的国际贸易术语:- FOB(Free On Board): 表示货物在本国港口交货的价格中已包含了运费、费用和海关手续费等。
- CIF(Cost, Insurance, and Freight): 表示卖方将货物运到买方指定目的港口,并负责购买海运保险的费用和风险。
- INCOTERMS(International Commercial Terms): 国际贸易术语解释了买卖双方在交货、付款、运输、保险等方面的义务和责任。
- LC(Letter of Credit): 是银行根据买卖双方之间的合同,为卖方开具的一种支付凭证,保证卖方能按照合同要求交付货物和收到款项。
- Bill of Lading(B/L): 是指货物运输的装箱单据,用于证明货物的数量、品质和货运合同的成立。
- Customs Declaration: 是指在货物进出口过程中,向海关提交的一份申报单据,包含货物的详细内容和价值等信息。
- Certificate of Origin: 是指证明货物起源地的一份文件,用于申报关税折扣或享受贸易协定优惠等目的。
- Import Duty: 是指进口货物产生的政府征收的关税费用。
- Export Duty: 是指出口货物产生的政府征收的关税费用。
- Trade Barrier: 是指限制或阻碍国际贸易的各种措施,如关税、配额、禁运等。
3. 术语解释3.1 FOB(Free On Board)FOB是一种国际贸易术语,用于规定货物在本国港口交货的价格中是否包含运费、费用和海关手续费等。
术语词汇表英汉对照Autarky 自给自足经济ad valorem tariff 从价关税antidumping duty 反倾销税advanced nations 发达国家Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 亚太经济合作组织appreciation 升值arbitrage 套汇asset-markets approach 资产市场分析法adjustment mechanism 调整机制automatic adjustment 自动调整absorption approach 吸收分析法adjustable pegged exchange rates 可调整的钉住汇率制auction price 拍卖价格aggressive protective trade policy 侵略性保护贸易政策alternative duty 选择税absolute quota 绝对配额autonomous quota 自主配额agreement quota 协议配额American Selling Price ,ASP 美国售价制Anti-dumping Code 反倾销守则Arms trade 军火贸易Association of South East Asian Nations , ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Basis for trade 贸易基础Business services 商业服务Beggar-thy-neighbor policy 以邻为壑政策Bonded warehouse 保税仓库Buy-national policies 购买国货政策Buffer stock 缓冲存货Benelux 比卢荷(比利时\荷兰\卢森堡)Brain drain 人才外流Balance of international indebtedness 国际债务平衡表Balance of payments 国际收支Bid rate 买价Bretton woods system 布雷顿森林体系Bank for international settlements (BIS) 国际结算银行Basket valuation 一篮子定价法Buffer-stock facility 缓冲存货贷款Bilateral trade 双边贸易Balance of trade 贸易差额Barter trade 易货贸易Buyer’s credit买方信贷Blockade 封锁Bilateral trade agreement 双边贸易协定Bonds 债券Complete specialization 完全专业化Constant opportunity costs 机会成本不变Commodity terms of trade 商品贸易条件Community indifference curve 社会无差曲线Compound tariff 混合关税Consumer surplus 消费者剩余Consumption effect 消费效应Cost-insurance-freight (CIF) valuation 到岸价格估价Customs valuation 海关估价Corporate average fuel economy standards (CAFE) 公司平均燃料经济标准Cost-based definition of dumping 倾销的成本定义Commodity Credit Corporation 商品信用公司Countervailing duty 反补贴税Cartel 卡特尔Common agricultural policy 共同农业政策Common market 共同市场Convergence criteria 趋同标准Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA COMECON) 经济互助委员会Customs union 关税同盟Counter-trade 补偿贸易Conglomerate integration 混合一体化Capital account 资本账户Credit transaction 贷方交易Current account 经常账户Call option 看涨期权Covered interest arbitrage 抛补套利Cross exchange rate 交叉汇率Currency swap 货币掉期交易Currency pass-through 货币转嫁Clean float 清洁浮动Crawling peg 爬行钉住汇率制Currency board 货币局制Compensatory financing facility 补偿性融资贷款Conditionality 附加条件Country risk 国家风险Credit risk 信用风险Currency risk 货币风险Distribution of income 收入分配Dynamic comparative advantage 动态比较优势Deadweight loss 无谓损失Domestic revenue effect 国内收入效应Domestic content requirement 国内含量条件Dumping 倾销Development nations 发展中国家Dynamic effects of economic integration 经济一体化的动态效应Debit transaction 借方交易Double-entry accounting 复式记账Depreciation 贬值Destabilizing speculation 破坏稳定的投机Discount 贴水Devaluation 法定贬值Dirty float 肮脏浮动Dollarization 美元化Dual exchange rates 二元汇率制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Direct controls 直接控制Debt /equity swap 债权/股权转换Debt reduction 债务削减Debt forgiveness 债务豁免Debt service/export ratio 债务清偿/出口比率Demand for international reserves 国际储备需求Debt-to-export ratio 债务出口比率Demonetization of gold 黄金的非货币化Economic interdependence 经济相互依存性Exit barriers 退出壁垒Economics of scale 经济规模Environment regulation 环境管制Effective tariff rate 有效关税率Export credit subsidy 出口信贷补贴Export quota 出口配额Export-revenue effect 出口收入效应Economic sanctions 经济制裁Escape clause 豁免条款Export –Import bank 进出口银行East Asian tigers东亚老虎Export controls 出口控制Export-oriented policy 出口导向型政策Export-led growth 出口带动型增长Economic integration 经济一体化Economic union 经济同盟Euro 欧元European economic Area 欧洲经济区European Monetary Union (EMU) 欧元货币联盟European Union (EU) 欧洲联盟Export subsidies 出口补贴Effective exchange rate 有效汇率Exchange arbitrage 套汇Exchange rate 汇率Elasticity approach 弹性方法分析法Exchange controls 外汇管制Exchange-stabilization fund 外汇稳定基金Expenditure-changing policies 支出变动政策Expenditure-switching policies 支出转移政策External balance 外部均衡Eurocurrency market 欧洲货币市场Free trade 自由贸易Factor-endowment theory 要素禀赋论Factor-price equalization 要素价格均等化Foreign-trade zone (FTZ) 对外贸易区Free-on-board (FOB) valuation 离岸价格估价Free-trade argument 自由贸易理论Free-trade-biased sector 赞成自由贸易的部门Foreign sourcing 国外外包Fast-track authority 快速通道权力Flying-geese pattern of economic growth 经济增长的飞鹅模式Free-trade area 自由贸易区Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) 美洲自由贸易区Foreign direct investment 对外直接投资Foreign-exchange market 外汇市场Forward market 远期市场Foreign-currency options 外汇期权Forward rate 远期汇率Forward transaction 远期交易Futures market 期货市场Forecasting exchange rates 汇率的预测Fundamental analysis 基本面分析法Foreign-trade multiplier 对外贸易乘数Fixed exchange rates 固定汇率制Foreign repercussion effect 外国反应效应Floating exchange rates 浮动汇率制Fundamental disequilibrium 根本性失衡Fiscal policy 财政政策Gains from international trade 国际贸易收益Global quota 全球配额General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 关税与贸易总协定Generalized system of preferences (GSP) 普惠制Guest workers 客座工人Goods and services balance 货物和服务贸易差额Gold standard 金本位制Group of Five (G-5) 五国集团Group of Seven G-7) 七国集团General Arrangements to Borrow 一般借款协定Gold exchange standard 金汇兑本位制Heckscher –Ohlin theory 赫克歇尔-俄林理论Horizontal integration 横向一体化Hedging 套期保值Increasing opportunity costs 机会成本递增Immiserizing growth 贫困化增长Importance of being unimportant 充当不重要角色的重要性Indifference curve 无差异曲线Indifference map 无差异图Industrial policy 产业政策Inter-industry specialization 产业间专业化Inter-industry trade 产业间贸易Intra-industry trade 产业内贸易Intra-industry specialization 产业内专业化Infant-industry argument 幼稚产业保护论Import quota 进口配额Intellectual property rights (IPRs) 知识产权Import substitution 进口替代International commodity agreements 国际商品协定International joint ventures 国际合资企业Inter-bank market 银行同业市场Interest arbitrage 套利International Monetary Market (IMM) 国际货币市场International capital movements 国际资本移动Income determination 收入决定Institutional constraints 制度约束Internal balance 内部均衡International economic policy 国际经济政策International economic –policy coordination 国际经济政策协调IMF drawings IMF提款International reserves 国际储备International monetary fund 国际货币基金组织Judgmental forecasts 判断预测法J-curve effect J-曲线效应Kennedy Round 肯尼迪回合Knowledge-based growth policy 基于知识的增长政策Key currency 关键货币Law of comparative advantage 比较优势原理Labor theory of value 劳动价值论Leontief paradox 里昂惕夫之迷Large nation 大国Level playing field 公平的竞技场Labor mobility 劳动力流动性Long position 多头Law of one price 一价定律Leaning against the wind 逆势干预Louver Accord 卢孚协定Liquidity problem 流动性问题Marginal rate of transformation (MRT) 边际转换率Mercantilists 重商主义Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) 边际替代率Margin of dumping 倾销利润Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) 国际贸易和产业部Most-favored –nation (MFN) clause 最惠国条款Multilateral contract 多边合同Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约Market economy 市场经济Monetary economy 货币经济Monetary union 货币联盟Maquiladoras 工业园Migration 移民Multinational enterprise (MNE) 跨国企业Merchandise trade balance 商品贸易差额Market fundamentals 市场基本因素Market expectations 市场预期Monetary approach 货币分析法Multiplier process 乘数过程Marshall-Lerner condition 马歇尔-特纳条件Managed floating system 管理浮动汇率制Multiple exchange rates 复式汇率制Monetary policy 货币政策No-trade boundary 不贸易边界Nominal tariff rate 名义关税率Non-restrained suppliers 非限制性供货商Non-tariff trade harriers (NTBs) 非关税贸易壁垒Normal trade relations 正常贸易关系New international economic order 国际经济新秩序Non-market ecomomy 非市场经济North American Free Trade ( NAFTA) 北美自由贸易协定Net creditor 贷方净额Net debtor 借方净额Net foreign investment 国外投资净额Nominal interest rate 名义利率Offer curve 提供曲线Outer limits for the equilibrium terms of trade 贸易均衡条件的外部限制Offshore-assembly provision (OAP) 境外装备条款Optimum tariff 最优关税Orderly marketing agreement (OMA) 有序销售协定Organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) 石油输出国组织Optimum currency area 最优货币区Official reserve assets 官方储备资产Official settlements transactions 官方结算交易Offer rate 卖价Option 期权Option market 期权市场Overshooting 超调Official exchange rate 官方汇率Operation twist 经营办法Overall balance 总收支差额Oil facility 石油贷款Partial specialization 部分专业化Price-specie-flow doctrine 价格流转学说Principle of absolute advantage 绝对优势原理Principle of comparative advantage 比较优势原理Production gains from specialization 专业化的生产收益Production possibilities schedule 生产可能性曲线Polluter-pays principle 污染者付费原则Product life cycle theory产品生命周期理论Producer surplus 生产者剩余Production sharing 生产分工Protection-biased sector 赞成贸易保护的部门Protective effect 保护效应Protective tariff 保护关税Persistent dumping 持续性倾销Predatory dumping 掠夺性倾销Price-based definition of dumping 倾销的价格定义Primary products 初级产品Production controls 生产控制Premium 升水Put option 看跌期权Purchasing –power –parity approach 购买力平价分析法Par value 平价Policy agreement 政策协调Policy conflict 政策冲突Quantity theory of money 货币数量理论Region of mutually beneficial 互惠贸易区Redistributive effect 再分配效应Revenue effect 收入效应Revenue tariff 财政关税Reciprocal trade agreement act 互惠贸易协定法案Regional trading arrangement 区域贸易协定Real interest rate 实际利率Relative purchasing power parity 相对购买力平价Rules of the game 游戏规则Revaluation 法定升值Specific-factors theory 特定要素理论Scientific tariff 科学关税Small nation 小国Specific tariff 从量关税Selective quota 选择性配额Social regulation 社会管制Sporadic dumping 偶发性倾销Subsidies 补贴Section 301 301条款Smoot-hawley act 斯母特-赫利法案Strategic trade policy 战略性贸易政策Static effects of economic integration 经济一体化的静态效应Statistical discrepancy 统计差异Short position 空头Speculation 投机Spot market 即期市场Spot transaction 即期交易Spread 价差Stabilizing speculation 促进稳定的投机Strike price 协定价格Speculative bubble 投机泡沫Seigniorage 铸造利差Special drawing right (SDR) 特别提款权Special drawing rights特别提款权Supply of international reserves 国际储备供给Swap arrangements 货币互换协议Terms of trade 贸易条件Trade triangle 贸易三角Trading possibilities line 贸易可能性曲线Theory of reciprocal demands 相互需求理论Theory of overlapping demands 需求重叠理论Transportation costs 运输成本Tariff 关税Tariff escalation 关税升级Terms-of-trade effect 贸易条件效应Tariff-rate quota 关税税率配额Trade-diversion effect 贸易转移效应Tokyo round 东京回合Trade adjustment assistance 贸易调整援助Trade-creation effect 贸易创造效应Trade-diversion effect 贸易转移效应Transition economies 转性经济Technology transfer 技术转移Transfer pricing 转移定价Transplants 跨国工厂Trade balance 贸易差额Three-point arbitrage 三角套汇Trade-weighted dollar 美元的贸易加权价值Two-point arbitrage 两角套汇Technical analysis 技术分析预测法Target exchange rates 目标汇率Uruguay round 乌拉圭回合United national conference on trade and development (UNCTAD) 联合国贸易与发展会议U.S-Canada free trade Agreement 美加自由贸易协定Unilateral transfers 单方转移Uncovered interest arbitrage 无抛补套利Voluntary export restraints (VER) 自愿出口限制Variable levies 差价税Vertical integration 纵向一体化World trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织Wage and price controls 工资和价格控制Foreign trade 对外贸易Oversea(s) trade 海外贸易International trade 国际贸易World trade 世界贸易Tradable goods 可贸易商品Tangible goods 有形商品Visible trade 有形商品Intangible goods 无形商品Invisible trade 无形商品Trade in services 服务贸易Technology trade 技术贸易Value of foreign trade 对外贸易额Value of imports 进口贸易额Value of exports 出口贸易额Commodity composition of foreign trade 对外贸易商品结构Commodity composition of international trade 国际贸易商品结构Manufactured goods 工业制成品Semi-manufactured goods 半制成品Direction of foreign trade 对外贸易地理方向International trade by regions 国际贸易地区分布Stagflation 滞胀Developed country 发达国家Developing country 发展中国家Quantum of export trade 出口贸易量Quantum of international trade 国际贸易量Economics of scale 规模经济Trade as an engine of growth 对外是经济增长的发动机Carrying trade 贩运贸易International division of labor 国际分工World market 世界市场Territorial division of labor 地域分工Plantation 种植园Triangular trade 三角贸易Market capacity 市场容量Industrial revolution 产业革命Multilateral trade 多边贸易Favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差Trade surplus 贸易盈余Unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差Trade deficit 贸易赤字Theory of absolute cost 绝对成本论Theory of comparative advantage 比较成本论Principle of comparative advantage 比较优势原则Theory of factor endowments 要素禀赋论Heckscher-Ohlin model , H-O model 赫-俄模式Labor intensive product 劳动密集型产品Capital intensive product 资本密集型产品Technology intensive product 技术密集型产品Specialization of product 专业化生产Degree of dependence on foreign trade 对外贸易依存度Foreign trade coefficient 对外贸易系数Intermediate product 中间产品Capital goods 资本货物Horizontal division of labor 水平分工Vertical division of labor 垂直分工International value 国际价值Exchange of unequal values 不等价交换Law of reciprocal demand 相互需求原理Net barter terms of trade 纯易货贸易条件Income terms of trade 收入贸易条件International market price 国际市场价格World market price 世界市场价格Free market price 自由市场价格Tender price 开标价格Reference price 参考价格Monopolistic price 垄断价格Managed price 管理价格Support price 支持价格Transfer price 转移价格Strategic stockpiling 战略屯储Foreign trade policy 对外贸易政策Free trade policy 自由贸易政策Protective trade policy 保护贸易政策Ultra protective trade policy 超保护贸易政策Protectionism 贸易保护主义Infant industry 幼稚工业Trade liberalization 贸易自由化Trade war 贸易战Corn law 谷物法Tariff ,customs duty 关税Customs frontier 关境Protective tariff 保护关税Import duty进口税Export duty 出口税Transit duty 过境税Tariff barrier 关税壁垒Surtax 附加税Normal tariff正税Preferential duty 特惠税Imperial preferential system 帝国特惠税Commonwealth preferential system 英联邦特惠税Lome convention 洛美协定Dutiable price ,customs value 完税价格Net weight 净重Gross weight 毛重Legal weight 法定重量Customs tariffs 海关税则Tariff no./heading no./tariff item 税则号列Rate of duty, tariff rate 税率Single tariffs 单式税则Complex tariffs 复式税则National tariffs 国定税则Conventional tariffs , agreement tariffs 协定税则Customs cooperation council nomenclature ,CCCN 海关合作理事会商品目录Standard international trade classification ,SITC 国际贸易标准分类Harmonized commodity description and coding system, harmonized system, HS 协调商品名称与编码制度Nominal rate of protection 名义保护率Effective rate of protection 有效保护率Added value 增加价值Trade barriers 贸易壁垒Quantitative restrictions 出口限制Import quota system 进口配额制Global quota , unallocated quota 全球配额Country quota国别配额Tariff quota 关税配额‘voluntary’ export restraint, VER 自动出口配额制Market disruption 市场扰乱Import license system 进口许可证Open general license 公开一般许可证Special license, validated license 特种许可证Multiple exchange rate 复汇率Internal tax 国内税Trigger price system 启动价格制Import deposit scheme 进口押金制Customs valuation 海关估价Tariff war 关税战Export credit 出口信贷Supplier’s credit 卖方信贷Export-import bank 进出口银行(美国)Export credit guarantee system 出口信贷国家担保制Tied loan约束性贷款Commodity credit corporation ,CCC商品信贷公司Intermittent dumping 间歇性倾销Long-run dumping 长期性倾销Hidden dumping隐蔽性倾销Foreign exchange dumping外汇倾销Coordinating committee, COCOM巴黎统筹委员会Embargo禁运Economic sanction 经济制裁Free economic zone自由经济区Free port 自由港Bonded area 保税区Export processing zone 出口加工区Free frontier 自由边境区Multilateral trade agreement 多边贸易协定Plurilateral trade agreement 诸边贸易协定Commercial treaty贸易条约Treaty of commerce and navigation 通商航海条约Trade agreement 贸易协定Payment agreement 支付协定Most-favored-nation treatment , MFN最惠国待遇National treatment 国民待遇Multinational corporation, MNC多国公司International capital movement国际资本移动Foreign direct investment, FDI对外直接投资International cartel 国际卡特尔Restrictive business practice, RBP 限制性商业惯例Host country 东道国Mother country母国Parent company母公司Subsidiary company子公司Export of capital资本输出Portfolio investment 证券投资Stocks 股票Foreign aid 对外援助Loans贷款Sole enterprises独资企业Joint venture合资企业Reinvestment 再投资European payment union欧洲支付同盟Frontier trade边境贸易International trade organization, ITO国际贸易组织Havana charter哈瓦那宪章CONTRACTING PARTIES缔约国全体Contracting party 缔约方Trade liberalization贸易自由化Enabling clause授权条款Market access市场准入Cairns group 凯恩斯集团Multi-fibre arrangement, MFA多种纤维协定Fair value 正常价值Material injury 实质性损害Constructed price 结构价格Counter-vailing duty 反补贴税General agreement on trade in services, GATS服务贸易总协定Trade related investment measures, TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施Trade related intellectual properties, TRIPs 与贸易有关的知识产权Intellectual property 知识产权Industrial property 工业产权Copyright著作权Patent专利Trademark商标World bank世界银行International bank for reconstruction and development ,IBRD 国际复兴开发银行Non-discrimination非歧视原则Tariff concession negotiation关税减让谈判Multilateral trade negotiation, MTN多边贸易谈判Primary industry第一产业Secondary industry第二产业Tertiary industry第三产业Transparency透明度General trade总贸易Special trade专门贸易Export drawback出口退税Certificate of origin原产地证书Staple commodity大宗商品Re-export再出口Gains from trade贸易利益Dumping margin倾销幅度East-west trade东西贸易South-south cooperation 南南合作Collective self-reliance集体自力更生Posted price 标价International economic integration国际经济一体化Complete economic integration完全经济一体化Preferential trade arrangement优惠贸易安排Council for mutual economic assistance ,CMEA经济互助委员会European economic community, EEC欧洲经济共同体European community, EC欧洲共同体Rome treaty罗马条约European free trade association, EFTA欧洲自由贸易联盟Trade creation贸易创立Trade diversion贸易转向Variable levy差价税General tariff rate 普通税率Conventional tariff rate协定税率Common agricultural policy, CAP共同农业政策Intra-regional trade区内贸易Mutual trade相互贸易European monetary system, EMS欧洲货币体系Single market统一大市场Pacific rim economic cooperation环太平洋经济合作Pacific economic cooperation council ,PECC 太平洋经济合作理事会World economic pattern 世界经济格局“super 301” clause “超级301”条款Least developed countries, LDCs 最不发达国家Export orientation 出口导向Group of 77 77国集团Research and development ,R&D研究与开发International commodity agreement 国际商品协定Newly industrialized countries (economies) , NICs/NIEs新兴工业化国家International debt crisis 国际债务危机。