形容词与副词的比较级和最高级第14讲讲义
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高中英语语法讲义形容词与副词形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则构成原级比较级最高级一般加-er和-est strong stronger strongest 以字母e结尾只加-r, -st late later latest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这一辅音字母后再加-er, -est hotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-er, -est angryuglyearlyangrieruglierearlierangriestugliestearliest其他双音节和多音节词,在形容词前加more或mostenthusiastic more enthusiastic most enthusiastic①词尾为“元音字母+y”时,y不变,直接加-er或-est。
grey →greyer→greyest②有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。
common-commoner/ more common→commonest/ most commonclever→cleverer/ more clever→cleverest/ most cleversimple→simpler/ more simple→simplest/ most simple③在原级形容词前加less, least而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。
kind→less kind→least kinduseful→less useful→least useful④一些复合形容词的比较等级。
well-known→better-known→best known⑤有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,故没有比较级和最高级。
如:right正确的,wrong错误的,excellent最好的,final最后的,last最后的,possible可能的,first第一,east东方的,empty空的,wooden木制的,impossible不可能的,favorite 最喜欢的。
形容词副词的比较级和最高级用法总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则:1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er/-est;(1)单音节词如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest(2)双音节词如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,加-er/-est;如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest late-later-latest close-closer-closest3. 在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er/-est;如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,再加-er/-est;如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加the most;如:beautiful→more beautiful→the most beautiful注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。
例句:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.Tom runs fastest in our class.(2)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.6.不规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级:必须牢记如:good→better→best well→better→best bad/badly→worse→worstill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least far →further/farther→furthest/farthest二、形容词和副词比较级/最高级的用法:1. 原级比较:as...as, “...和...一样...”否定:not as/so... as“...没有... ...”Tom is not as tall as me .Tom doesn’t run as fast as me. Tom没有我跑得快。
八年级形容词、副词的比较级和最高级语法知识讲解八年级上册英语形容词和副词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
一、形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。
例如: poor tall great glad bad二、比较级的定义:大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little,a lot修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
三、比较级和最高级的构成:(1)规则变化:单音节和部分双音节的形容词比较级一般在词尾加-er,最高级在词尾加-est calm--calmer—calmest tall--taller--tallest smart--smarter--smartest以字母e结尾的比较级直接在词尾加-r,最高级加-st.nice--nicer -nicest fine--finer-finest large—larger--largest以“辅音+y 结尾的词,变y为 i,比较级加-er”,最高级加-est.early—earlier-earliest happy—happier-happiest busy—busier-busiest 以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词,双写辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-estbig—bigger-biggest thin—thinner-thinnest hot—hotter-hottest多音节或部分双音节的形容词,比较级在原级前面加more,最高级在原级前加moste.g: popular--more popular—most popularimportant--more important—most important (2)不规则变化:少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的:good—better--best bad/ill—worse--worst many/much—more--mostlittle—less--least far--farther/further—farthest/furthest old---older/elder—oldest/eldest四、比较级的用法:(一)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词(副词)的原级或者比较级1( 表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。
一、形容词和副词的概念形容词:是修饰名词(人或事物),表示名词的性质,特征或属性一种词类.它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
副词:用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词.副词在句中多作状语。
二、形容词和副词的用法①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
如: a new book, two big trees等.②形容词放在系动词be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste,sound, 等之后.如:1。
I am short。
2。
She looks fine.3.They turn green.③如果形容词修饰不定代词something,anything, everything, nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面。
如:something interesting nothing new④副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前.如果前面是行为动词,则后面用副词。
如: 1.She works hard .(修饰动词)2.I am very busy.(修饰形容词)3。
He runs too quickly .(修饰副词)4。
We play happily。
(修饰动词)⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。
形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。
原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化1.单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er 或—est原级比较级最高级tall taller tallestsmart smarter smartestshort shorter shortest特别提醒:以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est.如:healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy,dirty, clever, narrow等。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版形容词、副词的比较级与最高级用法详解一、形容词、副词比较级、最高级构成大多数的形容词、副词都具有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
而形容词、副词的比较级、最高级构成方式分规则变化和不规则变化。
其规则变化的方式详见下面个表:(一)规则变化:(1) 直接在词尾加-er, -est(2) 以不发音字母e 结尾的,在词尾加-r , -st(3)以“辅音字母+y“结尾的,把y 变i,再加-er , -est(4) 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词汇,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er , -est(5) 部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加more, most(二)、不规则变化:比较级、最高级具有不规则变化形式的形容词和副词比较少,因此,需要大家逐一认真记忆。
详见下表:【妙记顺口溜】“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”,一是“远”来,二是“老”,little 是“少”不是“小”。
二、形容词、副词比较级和最高级用法(一)形容词、副词比较级用法形容词、副词的比较级主要对两个的人或物在某种程度、性质上进行比较。
常见的形容词副词比较级用法如下:1.同级比较① A+be/v+as+原级+as+B A和B一样This room is as large as that one .这间房子和那间一样大(形容词)Tom writes as carefully as Kate.汤姆写字跟凯特一样认真。
(副词)②A+be/V+not+as(so)+级+as +B A 不如BTigers aren't as(so) dangerous as lions.老虎不如狮子危险。
(形容词)Mary didn't finish the work as(so) well as Lucy.玛丽完成这项工作不如露西好。
(副词)2.差极比较①A+be/v+比较级+B A比B更......This pen is newer than that one.这支钢笔比那支新。
一. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一.形容词、副词的级:原级,比较级,最高级二.形容词、副词三个级的用法:1.原级比较,和……一样as +原级+as (否定:not so/as …as)eg. They run quite fast. 他们跑得相当快。
Jimmy is as tall as his father. 吉姆和他的爸爸一样高。
He studies as hard as his brother. 他和他哥哥学习一样努力。
2.二者比较时(用比较级),比较级+thaneg. Helen is taller than me/I (am). 海伦比我高。
She runs faster than he (does). 她跑得比他快。
3.the+最高级+(名词)+范围,表示在……中是最……的eg. The dress is the largest in the shop. 这条裙子是店里最大的。
He runs (the) fastest in our class.■不规则变化:两多两好三不好,一老一远加一少(最高级前要用the,副词最高级前面可省略)四.比较级的其他句型结构1. 表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which/Who+ 谓语动词+比较级, …or …?●Which one is ______________, this one or that one?A. goodB. badC. bestD. worseeg. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?2. 比较级+and+比较级或more and more +原级,表示越来越……eg. It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.It is getting cooler and cooler.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.● The weather is becoming ______________.A. hotter and hotterB. more hot and hotC. hoter and hoterD. more and more hot● I like Meishan ___________ because it is becoming __________.A. well; beautifulB. better; more and more beautifulC. well; more and more beautifulD. better; beautiful and beautiful●—I talked with my little uncle on the computer last night.--The internet makes the world _________________.A. small and smallB. smaller and smallerC. small and smallerD. smaller and small3. the+比较级,the+比较级,越……,越……eg. The more we get, the happier we feel.The sooner, the better.The harder you work, the better grades you’ll get.● ___________ you’re, __________ mistakes you’ll make.A. The careful, the lessB. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the fewerD. The more careful, the fewer●–The more you practice, ___________ your English will be.-- I agree. Practice makes perfect.A. the betterB. the worseC. moreD. less4.the+比较级+of,表示两者之间较……的一个eg. Nancy and Lucy are twins. In some way they look the same, but Nancy is the taller of the two.5. 比较级+than+ any+ other+名词(单数),表示比其他任何的……都……(比较级的形式表示最高级的含义)eg. He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is the tallest student in his class.他比他班上的任何一个学生都高。
职称英语基础班基础班第17讲课件讲义(环球职业教育在线)职称英语基础班基础班第17讲讲义状语从句状语从句 1导言状语从句是将以前学过的主谓宾状句型中的状语扩大成一个完整的句子,并用连词引导。
准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。
同时要注意主从句时态呼应。
The students study English hardfor the test on Sunday in the school .▲时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, the mbefore, after, till, until,since, as soon as 等。
请注意when, while ,as 的区别。
when--1.当...的时候通常指某一特定的时间,主句与从句的动作同时发生。
● When I opened the window, I saw him come up.I saw him come up when I opened the window.while--1.在...期间往往指一段时间。
● While we were in America, we saw him twice.我们在美国期间,见过他两次。
while--2.表示一种不满情绪意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。
● We are cleaning the classroom while they are playingfootball.我们这儿在打扫教室而他们在踢足球。
● The soldier faces the powder whilethe beauty powders the face.前方吃紧,后方紧吃。
(战士面对炸药,美人在往脸上擦粉。
)as--1.一边...一边,随着● She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.●As she grew older, she became more beautiful.as--2.当...时指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。
形容词副词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词是可以分等级的,一般有三个等级:原级,比较级和最高级。
注意:英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等,还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度,故而没有比较级和最高级。
常见的有:right 正确的wrong 错误的excellent 最好的final 最后的last 最后的possible 可能的first 第一的east 东方的empty 空的wooden 木制的impossible 不可能的favorite 最喜欢的等等形容词副词比较等级的构成:1) 符合规则的:形容词与副词原级1.使用范围:没有比较用原级。
2.可修饰形容词与副词原级的词:very, so , quite, too, rather ,pretty(只修饰原级)。
3.句型:① as 原级as “和…一样…”The tree is as tall as that building.John runs as fast as Tom.② not so/ as 原级as “和…不一样…,…不如…”The tree is not as tall as that building.John does not run so/as fast as Tom.③表示一方是另一方的几倍,用“twice/three times(表示倍数的词)+as+原级+as”结构。
表示“是……的几倍”This room is twice as big as that one.John can read twice as fast as I (me).形容词与副词的比较级1.使用范围:同类事物(两者间)进行比较。
2.可修饰形容词与副词比较级的词:a little/a bit,a lot/even /far/much/still等3.句型:①比较级是两者进行比较,句中常出现than(比)…;特殊疑问句+ …or…(2者选择)She is a little taller than I (me).Who is much more careful, Ann or Lisa?②the+比较级+ of the two “两个中比较…的这一个”Lucy is the taller of the twin sisters.My hat is the more beautiful of the two.③比较级and 比较级相同“越来越…”It is getting darker and darker.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.④The 比较级…, the 比较级… “越…越…”The more , the better .The busier he is, the happier he feels.⑤…数量/倍数+ 比较级than … 超过……多少/多少倍.My father is three years older than my mother.This room is twice bigger than that one.John can read twice faster than I (me).⑥降级比较级less thanThe book is less interesting than the filmThis washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses less water and electricity than that one .形容词与副词的最高级1.使用范围:同类事物(三者及以上范围)进行比较。
职称英语基础班基础班第14讲课件讲义(环球职业教育在线)
职称英语基础班基础班第14讲讲义
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
阅读与欣赏
●Education is what survives.
—B. F. SKINNER, in New Scientist
教育是指最后幸存的东西。
——《科学新秀》史肯尼尔·B.F.
●Character is what you are in the dark.
—D. L. Moody, USA churchman
暗处最能反映一个人的真正品格。
——美国教士穆迪· D. L.
●Tell me what company you keep, and I’ll tell you what you are.
—MIGUEL DE CERVANTES
告诉我你有什么样的伙伴,我就能说出你是什么样的人。
Tall fat
I am tall.
I am taller than you ( are tall ).
这个女孩比那个女孩胖。
The girl is fatter than that one.
这个女孩比那个女孩漂亮。
The girl is more beautiful than that one.
这个男孩比那个男孩聪明。
The boy is more clever than that one.
不规则容形词与副词
good better
well better
many more
much more
bad worse
我学英语比他好。
I study English harder than he
形容词与副词的最高级
I am the tallest in our class.
我是我们班最高的。
I am more beautiful than she.
我比她漂亮。
I am the most beautiful in our class.
我是我们班最漂亮的。
不规则容形词与副词
good better best
well better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
He is the best student in our class.
他是我们班最好的学生。
课堂练习
1:Our teacher’s book is better than their teacher’s and Teacher Sun’s book is the best.
2: The earth is bigger than the moon. The sun is bigger than the earth. Which is the biggest?
3: Do you know which is the biggest, the moon, the earth and the sun?
4: The girl of your class eats more than that one of my class.
I eat most in my class. Do you know who eats most in your school? 5:Do you know that his father is younger than his mother?
6:I think that my mother is lazier than my father.
课堂答案
1: 我们老师的那本书比他们老师的书好,孙老师的书是最好的。
2: 地球比月亮大,太阳比地球大,哪一个最大?
3:你知道哪一个是最大的?地球、月亮、还是太阳?
4: 你们班的那个女孩比我们班的那个女孩吃的多,我是我们班吃的最多的,你知道全校谁吃的最多的吗?
5:你知道他爸比他妈还年轻吗?
6:我认为我妈比我爸还懒lazy。
▲由连词that、if、whether 引导的名词性从句
I don’t know that he studies English hard.
I don’t know if he studies English hard.
I don’t know whether he studies English hard or not.
I don’t know if he will be our teacher.
I don’t know who studies English
I don’t know what you study.
I don’t know whose sister studies English
I don’t know whose sister you love.
I don’t know how much money he has.
I don’t know how many daughters he has.
完整:that
是否: If whether… or not
东西:what
谁: who
谁的:whose
那一个: which
多少: How many How much
为什么:why
怎么: how
在哪:where
什么时间:when
I am glad that……
I am sorry that……
I am sure that……
课堂练习
7: Do you know why I am more clever than the teacher of your class? 8: Which wallet is bigger, your father’s or your mother’s?
9: I think that our monitor is more foolish than before.
The film is more interesting than that one.
课堂答案
7:你知道为什么我比我们班老师还聪明吗?
8:你爸爸和你妈妈的钱包哪一个更大?
9:我认为我们班长比以前更傻。
10: 这个电影比那个电影更有意思interesting.。