2021年上海市16区高考英语一模卷 阅读选句填空汇编(答案详细解析版)

2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashington D.C. SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.The Old Town Trolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites including Museum of African American History and Culture.Comedy Walks Washington D.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1.Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour2.Which tour lasts longest?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour3.Where will you read this text most likely?A.In a guidebook.B.In a magazine.C.In a newspaper.D.On the Internet.BRain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore—it’s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and traveling across entire continents according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in products, such as toothpaste and cleansers. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash clothing, tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain,and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) combines to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen said. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”4. What do we know about microplastics?A. They have a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B. They have become a threat to humans.C. They are light and can be easily dealt with.D. They cause acid rain and plastic rain.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Waysto deal with microplastics.B. The wide use of microplastics.C. Where microplastics come from.D. How microplastics pollute water.6. What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B. The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C. Countries should work together to fight pollution.D. Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere else.7. The main purpose of the article is to________.A. call on people to use fewer plastic productsB. warn people of the danger of microplasticsC. introduce the sources and effects of microplasticsD. make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rainCThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to the world. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these trying times, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.8. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.9. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.10. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.11. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.DAt any moment, about half the world’s population is wearing denim（牛仔布）clothes. But few realize tiny bits of denim have been adding up to a surprising amount of pollution in water, as a new study shows.Sam Athey, one of the study’s authors, says, “Even though denim is made of a natural material—cotton, it contains chemicals.” Cotton fibers were treated with many types of chemicals, she notes. Some improve its durability and feel. Others give denim its distinctive blue color1 .Athey and her team washed jeans and found that about 50,000 microfibers came off from each pair per wash. Not all of those fibers make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants catch about 83 to 99 percent ofthem. Catching 99 percent may sound pretty good. But one percent of 50,000 is still 500 fibers per wash. And since every pair of jeans is washed again and again, it still adds up to lots of microfibers entering the water environment.Denim microfibers showed up in sediment（沉淀物）from the Great Lakes. More of these fibers polluted a series of shallow lakesin southern Ontario. They even turned up in sediment from the Arctic Ocean in northernCanada. The team found denim accounted for 12 to 23 percent of microfibers in the sediment. There were other microfibers too. But the team focused on denim because so many people wear jeans.“Everyone wears jeans so they could be our largest input of microfibers into our streams and soils,” Athey says. “An easy way to limit that is by washing our jeans less often.” Athey grew up thinking she should wash her jeans after wearing them every couple of times, but most jean companies recommend washing them no more than once a month. “The solution is not that you shouldn’t wear jeans,” she says. “We need to buy fewer denim clothes and only wash them when they truly need it.”12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Chemicals are contained in natural cotton.B. Chemicals can make denim color1 ful.C. Chemicals prevent fibers from falling.D. Chemicals can make the life of denim longer.13. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Denim.B. Sediment.C. Microfibers.D. Chemicals.14. What does the author mainly want to tell us through Athey’s words ?A. To avoid wearing jeans.B. To reduce denim consumption.C. To wash jeans more often.D. To limit input in denim production.15. In which section of a magazine might the text be found?A. Science.B. Entertainment.C. Tourism.D. Geography.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海市高行中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets,by Patricio PronIn April 1945,Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul KalanithiAt thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living?”.To Killa Mockingbird, by Harper LeeSet in a smallAlabamatown in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) storyby Bess KalbBess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone fromBelarustoAmericato survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.1.What type of book is the first novel?A.Sci-fi.B.Biography.C.Detective books.D.History books.2.Which book explores life and death?A.To Kill a MockingbirdB.When Breath Becomes AirC.Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These StreetsD.Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story3.Who is the main character in the last novel?A.Bobby Bell.B.Bess Kalb.C.Bess’s mother.D.Bobby’s mother.BWe asked four people who watched an online talk on technology and communication by Sherry Turkle for their opinions.Fred:The talk certainly gave me plenty of food for thought about how technology is changing our behaviour. People are constantly multitasking, whether it be emailing during meetings or texting in the checkout queue. It’s as if we can’t bear to miss out on what our online friends are up to, so we juggle the real and online world. My greatest concern is that we don’t give our brains a chance to switch off. It’sthese precious momentswhen we actually process information that helps us make important decisions.Jeremy:It was a fascinating talk and the speaker really hit the nail on the head with a couple of things. Take parental influence, for instance. How can we expect teenagers not to text while doing their homework when they witness their parents posting on social media while cooking the evening meal or waiting at a red light?Kath:So much of what the speaker said rang true. I honestly believe there’s a danger that the more connected we are, the more isolated we feel. I don’t think this is such an issue for my generation who’ve lived without technology for so long. We know how to be alone. But the under 20s are another kettle of fish. They’re so busy communicating that they never experience the feeling of solitude and run the risk of not learning how to enjoy their own company.Carl:I’m not sure to what extent I agree that people are more alone, but the way we communicate has certainly evolved. The speaker makes a good point about how we’re getting used to talking with machines like Siri or robots, which are totally lack of experience of human life. But despite such limitations, we seem to be expecting more from technology and less from each other.4. What does the underlined phrase “these precious moments” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. When our brains are free.B. When we emailing during meeting.C. When we texting in the checkout queue.D. When we juggle the real and online world.5. What suggestion may Jeremy give to the parents?A. Accompany their children when they are doing homework.B. Prevent their children using phone while doing homework.C. Set a good example for their children on using phone properly.D. Stop posting on social media in face of their children.6. What does Kath worry about the under 20s generation?A. They communicate more with others.B. They use more technology.C. It’s difficult for them to find companies.D. They don’t know how to be alone.7. What is Carl’s attitude towards the use of technology in communication?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.CAt first glance, there is nothing unusual about BingoBox’s convenience store–shelves packed with snacks line the walls, attracting passers-by through the glass windows. But upon closer look, BingoBox is no ordinary store. The door unlocks only after customers scan (扫描) aQR code to enter, and there is no cashier — just a lone checkout counter (柜台) in a corner. The Shanghai-based company is one of many unmanned store operators (运营者) opening outlets all over China, hoping to improve slim profit by reducing staff costs.“Ifstaff costs rise quickly, that puts greater pressure on low-profit businesses like convenience stores and supermarkets,” said Andrew Song, an analyst at Guotai Junan Securities. “InChina, manpower costs have been rising ly quickly.”However, the future vision of shopping without a check-out person is still a work in progress. A Post reporter who visited a BingoBox store inShanghaiwas briefly locked in when trying to exit without buying anything. Although a sign near the exit stated that empty-handed customers can leave by scanning a QR code, no QR code was to be found. Repeated calls to the customer service hotline went unanswered.The idea of unmanned stores first caught the world’s attention in December last year. Equipped with technology such as RFID tags, mobile payment systems and facial and movement recognition, such stores collect large amounts of data that give operators a better idea of consumer preferences and buying habits, which can then be used to optimize (使最优化) operations and make more efficient inventory decisions. For companies like BingoBox, lower operating costs also mean it can afford to expand its reach to areas with less foot traffic or fewer people, according to its founder and chief executive ChenZilin.8. What makes BingoBox store look like an ordinary convenience store?A. No cashier to check out.B. A lone checkout counter.C. Shelves packed with goods.D. Entering by scanning a QR code.9. Why are unmanned stores popular with operators?A. The customers prefer mobile payment systems.B. The unmanned stores help improve profit with lower labor costs.C. The employees focus on consumer preferences and buying habits.D. The operators care more about operations and inventory decisions.10. Why is the reporter’s case mentioned in the passage?A. To show his anger and dissatisfaction.B. To warn people not to go to a BingoBox store.C. To explain unmanned stores still have a long way to go.D. To complain that QR code service is not convenient at all..11. What can we infer from the chief executive Chen Zilin?A. Nowadays all stores should be equipped with advanced technology.B. The operators collect data about consumer preferences and buying habits.C. BingoBox made wiser decisions based on the data collected in those unmanned stores.D. The operators can open unmanned supermarkets in more distant places with low cost.DThose who are concerned that robots are taking over the world can rest easy—for now. Though the androids have proved useful at performing ordinary tasks, they are not ready for the greatest time. At least that appears to be the case atJapan’s Henn-na Hotel chain where over half of the robot staff are being replaced by humans.The first location of the unique hotel opened in July 2015 was atNagasaki’s Huis Ten Bosch Theme Park. The hotel’s owner, Hideo Sawada, promised the hotel to be managed primarily by robots. Guests were greeted and checked-in by a dinosaur robot, while a cute android called Churi, placed inside each room, provided information about attractions. Not surprisingly, the lodging, recognized in 2016 as the world’s first robot-staffed hotel by Guinness World Records, drew in curious visitors from all around the world.But as the years have passed, the hotel’s main draw is becoming less novel and more unsatisfactory. Also as therobots are “aging”, they are costing more to repair. Among the 283 androids being replaced are the chain’s two dinosaur receptionists. In addition to scaring young guests, they are also unable to photocopy guests’ passports, forcing human employees to step in each time. Also out are the cute Churi robots, which annoyed guests by interrupting their conversations. For example, one guest told The Wall Street Journal that Churi mistook his snoring for a command and kept asking him to repeat his request all night.Sawada told The Wall Street Journal, “When you actually use robots you realize there are places where they aren’t needed—or just annoy people.” While Sawada may be cutting back on his use of androids, the recently-opened Smart LYZ Hotel and the Fly Zoo Hotel inChina, are run entirely by robots, with not a human in sight. Whether the employees have more competence than those “hired” by the Henn-na Hotel chain remains to be seen.12. What makesJapan’s Henn-na Hotel unique?A. Its robot employees.B. Its advanced equipment.C. Its convenient location.D. Its successful management.13. What is the author’s purpose with the example in paragraph 3?A. To entertain readers.B. To prove Churi’s drawback.C. To introduce Churi’s functions.D. To persuade people not to book the hotel.14. What does the owner ofJapan’s Henn-na Hotel think of his robot staff now?A. Attractive.B. Costly.C. Pioneering.D. Disappointing.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Robots Are Taking Over the World.B. The Boom of Robots-staffed Hotel.C. Robot Staff Are Fired For No Competence.D. The First Robots-staffed Hotel Won Guinness World Record.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海市第一中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Online EventsThe handshake：an anthropologist’s guideWhat is its biological purpose？What are the best and worst handshakes？In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．This event will start at 18:00 pm on 25 March and will last one hour．Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20.)A rescue plan for natureWhat do we need to do to restore the planet 's biodiversity and preventthe next pandemic (疫情)？Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．This free event will start at 18:00 pm on 15 April．Origins of lifeWhy is the planet the way it is？How did we get here？Does everything happen for a reason or are some things left to chance？Research shows we live in a world driven by chance．In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．This event will start at 19:30 pm on 22 April and will last two hours．Standard ticket price：£18(A 10％discount for those who buy the ticket before April 17.)The truth about exerciseShould we all be hitting the gym three times a week？Should we worry about sitting to omuch？If you are strong and fit，can you get away with being inactive？In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．This event will start at 19:00 pm on May 13 and will last one hour，Standard ticket price：£12(A 15％discount for those who buy the ticket before May 8.)1.How much should you at least spend on the event about the handshake？A.£10.2．B.£12．C.£13．D.£16.2．2.From whom can you learn about the origins of life？A.Ella Al-Shamahi．B.Cristian Samper．C.Sean B Carroll．D.Jason Gill．3.What does the four online talks have in common？A.They are science-based．B.They are about cultures．C.They are related to nature．D.They are intended for the young．BHave you ever been sad because of failure? Please remember, for quite often achieving what you set out to do is not the most important thing.A boy decided to dig a deep hole behind his house. As he was working, a couple of older boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that digging a hole all the way through the earth was impossible. After a while, the boy picked up a jar. He showed it to the visitors. It was full of all kinds of stones and insects. Then he said calmly and confidently, “Maybe I can’t finish digging all the way through the earth, but look at what I’ve found during this period!”Theboy’s goal was far too difficult, but it did cause him to go on. And that is what a goal is for－to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen, in other words, to cause us to keep working!Not every goal will be fully achieved. Not every job will endup with a success. Not every dream will come true. But when you fall short of your aim, maybe you can say, “Yes, but look at what I’ve found along the way! There are so many wonderful things having come into my life because I tried to do something!” It is in the digging that life is lived. It is the unexpected joy on the journey that really makes sense.4. The older boys laughed at the boy because he was thought to be______.A. braveB. impoliteC. foolishD. warm-hearted5. Why did the boy show the jar to the older boys?A. To drive them away.B. To show what he had found in digging.C. To show how beautiful the jar was.D. To attract them to join him in the work.6. What can be learnt from the fourth paragraph of the text?A. No dream can come true.B. All work will end successfully.C. Goals shouldn’t be set too high.D. Goals will make us work harder.7. The best title for the text should be______.A. A Boy Dug a HoleB. Joy in the JourneyC. No Pain, No GainsD. Failure Is the Mother of SuccessCLast summer, I spent four months working in France, where the company I was working for put me up in a house that didn’t have Wi-Fi. I wasn’t looking forward to it.I soon discovered, however, that living in a house without Wi-Fi was easier than I expected.Contact between my friends and family was significantly reduced to the odd text message here and there. I couldn’t enjoy my usual web browsing on BBC iPlayer, social media sites, keeping up to date with the news, or even wanting to know the opening hours of shops in the new area I was in.I didn’t, however, spend a full four months without connecting to a Wi-Fi network. It was only a five minute walk to the reception where I could connect for free and spend as much time online as I wanted to at my own leisure. It made me think , though , how unnecessary it can be , how unnecessarily we rely on it—how we perhaps rely on it too much. As a person, I was more sociable. I spent more time with my housemates instead of hiding behind a computer screen. I did other things that I wouldn’t necessarily have done if I could have browsed the web at my leisure. I read more, I cooked meals for my friends, and I even tidied up more often. Dare I say it; I learned how to live without Wi-Fi. Dare I say it; I found it was easier than I had imagined.8. What was the writer’s first feeling when finding her house had no Wi-Fi?A. Unexpected.B. Angry.C. Shocked.D. Depressed.9. How did the writer keep in touch with her friends and family without Wi-Fi?A. By writing regularly.B. By text message.C. By video calls.D. By telegram.10. What was the writer’s life like without Wi-Fi?A. Dull.B. Lonely.C. Active.D. Relaxing.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A life without Wi-FiB. Different views on the InternetC. The disadvantages of Wi-FiD. How to use the InternetDDid you know people who live in different parts ofChinahave different habits and preferences? For example, people from southernChinaprefer to eat vegetables, while people from northChinalike to eat meat. According to a new study in a journal, gene variations (变异) might be responsible for these differences. Researchers fromChina’s BGI collected genetic information from 141,431 Chinese women, who came from 31 provinces and consisted of 36 ethnic minority groups.They found that natural selection has played an important role in the ways that people living in different regions of China have developed, affecting their food preferences, immunities (免疫力) to illness and physical features.A variation of the gene FADS2 is more commonly found in northern people. It helps people metabolize (新陈代谢) fatty acids, which suggests a diet that is rich in flesh. This is due to climate differences.Northern Chinais at a higher latitude. This weather is difficult to grow vegetables in. Therefore, northerners tend to eat more meat.The study also found differences in the immune systems of both groups. Most people in southernChinacarry the gene CR1, which protects against malaria. Malaria was once quite common in southernChina. In order to survive, the genes of people in the south evolved to fight against this disease. However, people in the south are also more sensitive to certain illnesses, as they lack the genes to stop them.Genes can also cause physical differences between northerners and southerners. Most northerners have the ABCC11 gene, which causes dry earwax, less body smell and fewer sweats. These physical differences are also more beneficial to living in cold environments. Southerners are less likely to have this gene, as it did not develop in their population.12. What did the new study focus on?A. Regions.B. Eating habits.C. Gene variations.D. Ethnic minority groups.13. What is the main function of the gene FADS2?A. It helps store fat.B. It helps digest meat.C. It helps gain weight.D. It helps treat an illness.14. According to the study, most northerners ________.A. sweat less frequentlyB. are immune to malariaC. prefer vegetables to meatD. are more sensitive to climates15. How many differences did the study find related to genes?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021 年上海各区高三英语一模卷汇编——语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One【宝山一模】SOS message on the sand saves missing sailorsMicronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, (21)covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got (22) (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island (23) (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the (24) (miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where (25) (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which (26) (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.During this time, the three sailors decided to write (27) message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use (28) they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter (29) the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soon after, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand (30) saved them.Two【黄浦一模】Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects, I’m sure (if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21) (go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22) I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I’ve long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) (hide) in an empty mooncake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don’t have to buy (25) wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead ( 铅芯). You can simply refill your mechanical pencil! There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26) is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils “lead pencil” in casual conversation, the term “lead pencil” is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27) not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third- grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: “John, stop that! You’re going to get lead poisoning!” I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28) (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29)the mooncake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the mooncake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me (30) (use) tomorrow.Three【崇明一模】Geography Makes a Silent ReturnIn many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of students (21) (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true. Before the internet, the world was a mysterious place. In many cases, people didn’t really know (22) existed a few miles from home. Studying geography offered people a way to learn about the world.Geography, (23) (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t alwa ys been easy. In the days before satellites, mapmaking required years of dangerous and difficult work. But mapping also meant a chance at adventure and fame.Geography became the subject of explorers. People were eager to hear about the new things and places (24) geographers had studied. National Geographic is a great example of this interest. For more than a hundred years, the magazine’s stories and pictures (25)(tell) people about our exciting world.Technology has changed the way people think about geography. Travel is now easy. The internet makes information simple (26) (find). We trust our phones to take us (27) we want to go. Even National Geographic has expanded beyond traditional geography, but that doesn’t mean geography has become (28) (important).While some apps are obvious examples of modern geography in action, geography remains important in more subtle (不易察觉的) ways, too. Geography, which helps house hunters, solves public health issues, and determines good locations for new businesses, (29) (use) to plan communities as well.Like traditional geographers, modern geographers study many different topics. That makes them well-suited for many different jobs and industries. Today, geographers often have titles like “urban planner” or “data analyst”. And the world is noticing (30)number of graduates with degrees in geography is also growing.Maybe it’s time for you to discover the forgotten science again.Four【徐汇一模】When educators think of literacy -- the ability to read and write -- they often place more importance on students’ abilities to read and fully understand a piece of writing.But experts say critical and creative writing skills are equally important. And, they say, they (21) (overlook) too often in the classroom.Compared to reading, writing is (22) (active). It helps students be independent thinkers, take ownership of their stories and ideas and communicate them clearly to others, says Elyse Eidman- Aadahl. She heads the National Writing Project, (23) offers help for teachers who want to push students to write more.Elyse said, “I have to say (24) we want an education system just (25) (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only -- which does happen in so many places -- is very short-sighted.”She said students’ writing work now usually centers on examining a text, (26)presenting a new idea. Writing, she said, should be “the central thing you’re learning. Not writing on a test, not writing to demonstrate you’re learning (27) someone has taught you ”Teaching reading together with writing improves both skills, says Rebecca Wallace-Segall, who heads a New York City writing center, Writopia Lab.She said writing affects a person’s ability to read and more than 90 percent of young people in the Writopia program do not trust their writing abilities (28) they start. But she said they learn to enjoy the writing process and become more effective readers, too.Elyse said employers today seek workers “all the time” who can write well. Digital tools increasingly mean that people are “(29)(interact) with the internet through wri ting,” she said.Young people are already writing all the time -- through text messages, emails and on social media.Elyse believes every young person today is a writer if they are connected to the internet. So, she added, “we have to help them do it in the best, most responsible, critical, prosocial way.”Rebecca argues that writing also helps students work through difficulties they face in life “subconsciously”.“They’re not writing a story about a difficult father or directly about a bull y in class, (30) creating a fictional scenario (电影剧本) that might feel distant enough for them to go deep into it.”Five【虹口一模】The Rise of Robot-ChefsCREATOR is a new hamburger joint in San Francisco. It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 -- in other words, (21) (provide) the quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast- food price. What matters behind this claim is that its chef is a robot.Creator’s burger robot is a trolley-sized unit that has a footprint of two square metres. Customers send it their orders via a tablet. They are able to cook everything from (22) well-done the burger will be to the type of cheese and toppings they want.The process sounds rather simple now. But, in fact, the machine took eight years to perfect after it (23) (create). As far back as 2012, a mere two years into the project, it was described as “95% reliable”, but that is not enough for a busy kitchen. Chopping tomatoes was a particularly tough challenge, but even details like the very tool (24) packs the burger into a bag without squeezing it were tricky for the machine to master. Only now, with a machine to make reliably 120 burgers an hour, (25) Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a mixture of technologists and caterers, feel confident enough to open their first restaurant.Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (26) (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. (27) that, this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way the fast food industry employs people. That does not necessarily mean (28) (employ) fewer staff. Rather, more of them will be in roles where they can directly help customers. “Creator’s goal is not to be the most automated and (29) (human- centered) restaurant, but actually not,” said Vardakostas.It is too early to say whether this first wave of robot chefs will develop well in such a demanding environment as the kitchen. (30) _ it does, it’s certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery. Cooking could be something people choose to do simply for the sheer pleasure of it.Six【闵行一模】There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining (21) we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering (22) (consider) a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoying his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature, and (23) is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that (24) some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider (25) unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but (26) one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who (27) (experience) frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one (28) be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances fo r success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and (29) which you have given your best effort.”Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (30) (settle) for us.Seven【普陀一模】The Popular Mobile LibraryAround the world, the mobile library projects are bringing books and even advice to communities with serious and urgent needs.Every week, two modified blue buses (21) (stock) with children’s books carefully run down the streets of Kabul. These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, (22) (deliver) a wealth of reading materials directly to the youngsters who have limited access to books. “A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Rim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who (23) (inspire) to start Charm, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand (24) we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.”For many people a bus or train journey presents a rare opportunity to get stuck into a book, and in some cities public transport is being regarded as means of getting books to communities that need (25)most. The vehicle was rebuilt not only to spread the joy of reading, but also to improve people’s life.Comic books were left on trains, buses and underground systems in the cities around the UK (26)(early) this month to mark 80 years of Marvel Comics.Carriages on the two subway trains in Beijing were turned into audio book libraries, wherepassengers were able to download books. To give the train a library feel, the walls aredecorated with books, (27) covers look like bookshelves.★People in the Netherlands get to travel on trains for free during the country’s annual book week celebrations. Passengers can present a novel (28) a rail ticket.★In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops(29) (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read ontheir journey to be returned at a later date.★Passengers on New York’s subway (30) download free short stories, poems, essays and so on to their devices.Eight【青浦一模】Eating jellyfish could save endangered fishAccording to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction — everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect threatened species, we actively fish for many of them. For those of us who enjoy the odd fish and chips, this isn’t great news, (21) the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help while still enjoying seafood — and it involves eating jellyfish.Between 2006 and 2014, 92 vulnerable or endangered species of seafood were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is rare that fish and invertebrate (无脊椎的) species (22) (require) to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing (23)they’re eating.The research team stresses the fact (24) this is only a brief view of the real problem. “A lot of the seafood catch and import records are listed in groups like ‘marine fish’. Here we didn’t look at those vague records, we only looked at records (25) the actual species was listed —so we’ve made a huge underestimate of the actual catch of endangered species.”There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (26) (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it’s not the first time scientists have suggested (27) as a food source. It makes a lot of sense because Jellyfish is considered a minor species of wild animals and scientists might think its number is increasing worldwide.Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species (28) the menu. “We need to improve the labelling of seafood (29) the consumers can have all of the information to make an informed choice,” UQ conservation scientist Carissa Klein told Science Alert.And the informed choice, at least in some places, is (30) (easy) than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there’s the Sustainable Seafood Guide to provide the best choices for seafood. There’s also Seafood Watch in the US, which is run by the Monterey Bay Aquarium.Nine【长宁一模】For perhaps the first time in the history of modern education, millions of primary and secondary students may begin the new school year from home. Pupils in England should return to schools in September, but Covid-19 cases 21 (rise), so this may not be possible. Scientists also warn that there will be many more cases when pupils return to schools. Some parents may choose not to send their children back 22 their family’s safety.Teachers are worried about children who 23 (fall) behind in their school work. Parents and carers are feeling anxious about the need to balance work and home schooling. But an experiment by an 18th-century French schoolmaster, Jackboot, may help them to worry less about home schooling.Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel 24 (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. He encouraged them to teach themselves. It worked.Learning does not only happen when someone older puts information into the learner’s mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error, from learning to ride a bike to 25 (use) a new technology. Learning happens when you ask children difficult questions at the dinner table, encourage them to build a tree-house or find things for themselves on Wikipedia.In the 18th century, when only the sons of rich men got a school education, Jackboot wanted to show 26 poor children could learn. Parents could teach them by encouraging and asking questions. It’s the same today. 27 students have the right resources 28 (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach”– including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). However, some poorer students will do worse 29 they do not have access to the Internet.Jackboot showed that learning does not only happen in a classroom and that human beings are learning beings: they know hardly anything at birth 30 seek out and develop incredible capacities. That should make us less worried about children during this difficult time and more hopeful about ourselves.Ten【金山一模】Melbourne: So lovely. So... livable.Every year, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) releases a list of 140 cities and ranks them in terms of their “livability”. Melbourne (21) (top) the list for the fifth year running.The rankings rate “relative comfort” for more than 30 factors across five categories: stabi lity, health care, education, infrastructure ( 基础设施), and culture and environment. The final scores (22) (calculate) as a percentage ranging from 1 (“intolerable”) to a perfect score of 100 (“ideal”).Take a look at the top 10 cities, and you will find that half of (23) are in Australia and New Zealand, three in Canada, and two in Europe. They’re all medium-size cities in prosperous countries, (24) relatively low population densities. It's an equation (平衡，制衡局面) that leads to low crime rates and a functional infrastructure.Does that mean non-Melbournians should all pack up and move to the world’s (25)(livable) metropolis? Not necessarily.(26) the top 10 cities in the EIU’s rankings may be pleasant to live in, they’re not high on most people’s lists of top cities to visit. After all, they are not cities (27) (describe) as dynamic ( 充满活力的). Before Melbourne assumed the No. 1 ranking, it was Vancouver (28) came out on top for almost a decade its incredible stability.“I find Melbourne a really boring town, so more livable means really dull,” said a policeman in Australia. “I live in Sydney because it’s interesting, not because it’s comfortable.”Raised is the question whether you want to live in a livable city or a dynamic one. Big cities like Tokyo, London and New York suffer in the rankings because of higher crime rates and overburdened infrastructure, (29) drags down the rating of how “comfortable” they are. Yet they’re hard (30) (beat) —when it comes to recreational offerings, including nightlife, culture and entertainment.Eleven【奉贤一模】Children moving from primary to secondary school are ill-equipped to deal with the booming of social media, as it is playing an increasingly important role in their lives, and is exposing them to significant emotional risks, according to a recent report by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England.The report shows that many children in year 7 – the first year of secondary school, (21)almost everyone in the class will have a phone and be active on social media – feel under pressure to be constantly connected.They kind of (22) (worry) about their online image, particularly when they start to follow celebrities on Instagram and other platforms. They are also upset about “sharenting”– when parents post pictures of them on social media without (23) (permit) – and show the concern (24) their parents won’t listen if they ask them to take pictures down.The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds, shows that (25) most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an (26) (estimate) 75% of 10- to 12-year- olds will have a social media account.Some children are almost addicted t o “likes”, the report says. Aaron, an 11-year-old in year 7, told researchers, “If I got 150 likes, I’d be like, that’s pretty cool, it means they like you.” Some children described feeling (27) (confident) than those they follow on social media. Aimee, also 11, said, “(28)(compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.”Children’s Commissioner for England Anne Longfield is calling on parents and teachers to do more to prepare children for the emotional impact of social media as they get older. “What a child has learnt at primary school does not guarantee he can protect (29) from the risks that social media will present.”“It means a bigger role for schools in making sure children (30) (prepare) for the emotional demands of social media. And it means social media companies are supposed to assume more responsibilities.” Longfield said.Twelve【嘉定一模】Tasting a Biker’s LifeFor most of my life I knew nothing about motorcycles. I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (21) (look) for trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.Then, on a warm May evening outside my house, my cousin cameand showed me his new motorcycle. Never had a real motorcycle (22)(present) in front of me by a close family member. “It’sbeautiful, isn’t it?” he asked. But I didn’t really understand what I waslooking at.It wasn’t until August (23) I was able to actually ride on the motorcycle with him. I prepared (24) oversized leather jacket for myself. (25) (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. Soon the bike carried us onto the top of the h ill, (26)we stopped to watch the sun set over the city below. I realized that was the most relaxing moment for me in months.Since then, my prejudices about motorcycle bikers (27) (start) to shift. On the back of a motorcycle, (28) (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. Later, whenever my cousin was gone on a Saturday ride, I would try on his leathers and look in the mirror, wondering if I was (29) a biker myself.Maybe the most important lesson, though, is that you really can’t judge a man by his appearance, (30)much leather he wears. Motorcycle bikers are not scary, or mean, or unapproachable. They’re adults who remember the freedom of riding their first bicycle, and are continuously seeking to recreate the experience.Thirteen【浦东一模】Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) ___________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) ___________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature (23) ___________ o ur Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) ___________(estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a new study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and futurein our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Keplermission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27)__________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) ____________ (powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s (30) __________ the research team took a new approach.Fourteen【松江一模】Music Festival in MontrealEvery Sunday afternoon in the Plateau section (高原地区) of Montreal, thousands of people of all ages, nationalities, and economic backgrounds gather at the Jacques Cartier Monument in Mont Royal Park to play instruments, sing and dance. This weekly joyful event is called the “Tam-tam”— a name (21) (refer) to an African drum — and has become an institution among Montreal’s bohemians (放荡不羁的文化人).The Pl ateau is one of Canada’s most racially varied districts where French and English are both spoken, unlike the rest of French-speaking Montreal. Many artists, musicians, and writers inhabit this area due to the cheap rent of apartments and studios. In the sixties, it became k nown (22) the bohemian area of Montreal, and the stores began selling clothing, music and books (23)satisfied the tastes.Mont Royal Park is (24) many of these artists and musicians would meet in the sixties to have lunch or just spend an afternoon together. Musicians brought instruments, and eventually impromptu (即兴的) performance of jazz got started, (25) (attract) poets who recited their works to the music being performed.Word got out about these gatherings, and it appealed to even more people until it was decided thatthese gatherings would happen every Sunday afternoon. Not only (26)time at these gatherings, but it was also an excellent opportunity for musicians (27) further meetings in order to cooperate on musical projects. _ people have a great(schedule)。

上海市2021届高三一模英语试题专项汇编01-2021年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.2021黄浦一模Consider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects. I'm sure (if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21)________(go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive-mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22)________ I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I've long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) ________(hide) in an empty moon-cake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) ________ (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don't have to buy (25) ________ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead(铅芯). You can simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26)________ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil" in casual conversation, the term "lead pencil" is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27)________ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: "John,stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!" I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28)________(safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29)______ ______ the moon-cake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the moon-cake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me (30)________(use) tomorrow.答案21.went 22.how/when 23.had hidden 24.sharpening/to be sharpened25.another/a 26.which 27.can 28.safer 29.now that/in that 30.to use2021崇明一模Geography Makes a Silent ReturnIn many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of students (21) _______ (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true. Before the internet, the world was a mysterious place. In many cases, people didn’t really know (22)_______ existed a few miles from home. Studying geography offered people a way to learn about the world.Geography, (23)_______ (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. In the days before satellites, mapmaking required years of dangerous and difficult work. But mapping also meant a chance at adventure and fame.Geography became the subject of explorers. People were eager to hear about the new things and places (24) _______ geographers had studied. National Geographic is a great example of this interest. For more than a hun dred years, the magazine’s stories and pictures (25) _______ (tell) people about our exciting world.Technology has changed the way people think about geography. Travel is now easy. The internet makes information simple (26) _______ (find). We trust our phones to take us (27) _______ we want to go. Even National Geographic has expanded beyond traditional geography, but that doesn’t mean geography has become (28) _______ (important).While some apps are obvious examples of modern geography in action, geography remains important in more subtle (不易察觉的) ways, too. Geography, which helps house hunters, solvespublic health issues, and determines good locations for new businesses, (29) _______ (use) to plan communities as well.Like traditional geographers, modern geographers study many different topics. That makes them well-suited for many different jobs and industries. Today, geographers often have titles like “urban planner” or “data analyst”. And the world is noticing (30) _______ number of graduates with degrees in geography is also growing.Maybe it’s time for you to discover the forgotten science again.答案21. labelling / labeling 22. what 23. defined 24. that / which 25. have told / have been telling 26. to find 27. where/ wherever 28. less important 29. is used 30. the2021宝山一模SOS message on the sand saves missing sailorsMicronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, (21) ______ covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got (22) ______ (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island (23) ______ (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the (24)______(miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where (25) ______ (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which (26) ______ (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.During this time, the three sailors decided to write (27) ______ message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use (28) ______ they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter (29) ______ the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soonafter, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand (30) ______ saved them.答案21. which 22. lost 23. is covered 24. missing 25. to look26. was sailing 27. a 28. when 29.from 30. That2021徐汇一模When educators think of literacy -- the ability to read and write -- they often place more importance on stude nts’ abilities to read and fully understand a piece of writing.But experts say critical and creative writing skills are equally important. And, they say, they (21)_______ (overlook) too often in the classroom.Compared to reading, writing is (22) _______ (active). It helps students be independent thinkers, take ownership of their stories and ideas and communicate them clearly to others, says Elyse Eidman-Aadahl. She heads the National Writing Project, (23) _______ offers help for teachers who want to push students to write more.Elyse said, “I have to say (24) _______ we want an education system just (25) _______ (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only -- which does happen in so many places -- is very short-sighted.”She said students’ writing work now usually centers on examining a text, (26) _______ _______ presenting a new idea. Writing, she said, should be “the central thing you’re learning. Not writing on a test, not writing to demonstra te you’re learning (27) _______ someone has taught you....”Teaching reading together with writing improves both skills, says Rebecca Wallace-Segall, who heads a New York City writing center, Writopia Lab.She said writing affects a person’s ability to re ad and more than 90 percent of young people in the Writopia program do not trust their writing abilities (28) _______ they start. But she said they learn to enjoy the writing process and become more effective readers, too.Elyse said employers today seek workers “all the time” who can write well. Digital tools increasingly mean that people are “(29) _______(interact) with the internet through writing,” she said.Young people are already writing all the time -- through text messages, emails and on social media.Elyse believes every young person today is a writer if they are connected to the internet. So, she added, “we have to help them do it in the best, most responsible, critical, prosocial way.”Rebecca argues that writing also helps students work through difficulties they face in life “subconsciously”.“They’re not writing a story about a difficult fath er or directly about a bully in class, (30) _______ creating a fictional scenario (电影剧本) that might feel distant enough for them to go deep into it.”答案21. are overlooked 22. more active 23. which 24. unless 25. focused26. instead of/rather than 27. what 28. when 29. interacting 30. but2021青浦一模Eating jellyfish could save endangered fishAccording to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction — everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect threatened species, we actively fish for many of them. For those of us who enjoy the odd fish and chips, this isn't great news, (21)_____________ the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help while still enjoying seafood—and it involves eating jellyfish.Between 2006 and 2014, 92 vulnerable or endangered species of seafood were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is rare that fish and invertebrate (无脊椎的) species (22)____________ (require) to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing (23)____________ they're eating.The research team stresses the fact (24)____________ this is only a brief view of the real problem. "A lot of the seafood catch and import records are listed in groups like ‘marine fish'. Here we didn't look at those vague records, we only looked at records (25)_____________ the actual species was listed — so we've made a huge underestimate of the actual catch of endangered species."There are some ways to untie the mess we're creating in the world's oceans, including (26)____________ (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it's not the first time scientists have suggested (27)_____________ as a food source. It makes a lot of sense because Jellyfish is considered a minor species of wild animals and scientists might think its number is increasing worldwide.Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species (28)_____________ the menu. "Weneed to improve the labelling of seafood (29)_________ __________ the consumers can have all of the information to make an informed choice," UQ conservation scientist Carissa Klein told ScienceAlert.And the informed choice, at least in some places, is (30)_____________ (easy) than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there's the Sustainable Seafood Guide to provide the best choices for seafood. There's also Seafood Watch in the US, which is run by the Monterey Bay Aquarium.答案21. but 22. are required 23. what 24. that 25. where26. expanding 27. it 28. off 29. so that 30. easier2021普陀一模The Popular Mobile LibraryAround the world, the mobile library projects are bringing books and even advice to communities with serious and urgent needs.Every week, two modified blue buses (21) __________ (stock) with children’s books carefully run down the streets of Kabul. These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, (22) __________ (deliver) a wealth of reading materials directly to the youngsters who have limited access to books. “A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,”says Rim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who (23) __________ (inspire) to start Charm, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand (24) __________ we could do to promote c ritical thinking in our country.”For many people a bus or train journey presents a rare opportunity to get stuck into a book, and in some cities public transport is being regarded as means of getting books to communities that need (25) __________ most. The vehicle was rebuilt not only to spread the joy of reading, but also to improve people’s life.Comic books were left on trains, buses and underground systems in the cities around the UK (26) __________ (early) this month to mark 80 years of Marvel Comics.Carriages on the two subway trains in Beijing were turned into audio book libraries, where passengers were able to download books. To give the train a library feel, the walls are decorated with books, (27) __________ covers look like bookshelves.People in the Netherlands get to travel on trains for free during the country’s annual book week celebrations. Passengers can present a novel (28) __________ a rail ticket.In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (29) __________ (allow) passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date.Passengers on New York’s subway (30) __________ download free short stories, poems, essays a nd so on to their devices.答案21.stocked 22. delivering 23. was inspired 24. what 25. them26. earlier 27. whose 28. instead of / rather than 29. to allow 30. can2021虹口一模The Rise of Robot-ChefsCREATOR is a new hamburger joint in San Francisco. It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 -- in other words, (21) ______ (provide) the quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters behind this claim is that its chef is a robot.Creator’s burger robot is a trolley-sized unit that has a footprint of two square metres. Customers send it their orders via a tablet. They are able to cook everything from (22) ______ well-done the burger will be to the type of cheese and toppings they want.The process sounds rather simple now. But, in fact, the machine took eight years to perfect after it (23) ______ (create). As far back as 2012, a mere two years into the project, it was described as “95% reliable”, but that is not enough for a busy kitchen. Chopping tomatoes was a particularly tough challenge, but even details like the very tool (24) ______ packs the burger into a bag without squeezing it were tricky for the machine to master. Only now, with a machine to make reliably 120 burgers an hour, (25) ______ Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a mixture of technologists and caterers, feel confident enough to open their first restaurant.Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (26) ______ (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. (27) ______ ______ ______ that, this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way the fast food industry employs people. That does not necessarily mean (28) ______ (employ) fewer staff. Rather, more of them will be in roles where they can directly help customers. “Creator’s goal is not to be the most automated and (29) ______ (human-centered) restaurant, but actually not,” said V ardakostas.It is too early to say whether this first wave of robot chefs will develop well in such a demanding environment as the kitchen. (30) ______ it does, it’s certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery. Cooking could be something people choose to do simply for the sheer pleasure of it.答案21. to provide 22. how 23. had been created 24. that 25. do26. preparing 27. In spite of 28. employing 29. the least human-centered 30. If2021闵行一模There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining (21) ______ we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadlyFor some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering (22) ______ (consider) a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoying his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature, and (23) ______ is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that (24) ______ ______ some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider (25) ______ unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but (26) ______ one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who (27) ______ (experience) frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success intraveling. Sometimes one (28) ______ be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chanc es for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and (29) ______ which you have given your best effort.”Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (30) ______ (settle) for us.答案21.whether / if 22. is considered 23. who 24. even though/if 25. themselves26. if 27. was experiencing 28. can /could 29. to 30. settled2021长宁一模For perhaps the first time in the history of modern education, millions of primary and secondary students may begin the new school year from home. Pupils in England should return to schools in September, but Covid-19 cases __21__ (rise), so this may not be possible. Scientists also warn that there will be many more cases when pupils return to schools. Some parents may choose not to send their children back __22__ their family's safety.Teachers are worried about children who __23__ (fall) behind in their school work. Parents and carers are feeling anxious about the need to balance work and home schooling. But an experimentby an 18th-century French schoolmaster, Jackboot, may help them to worry less about home schooling.Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel __24__ (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. He encouraged them to teach themselves. It worked.Learning does not only happen when someone older puts information into the learner's mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error, from learning to ride a biketo __25__ (use) a new technology. Learning happens when you ask children difficult questions at the dinner table, encourage them to build a tree-house or find things for themselves on Wikipedia.In the 18th century, when only the sons of rich men got a school education. Jackboot wanted to show __26__ poor children could learn. Parents could teach them by encouraging and asking questions.It's the same today. __27__ students have the right resources __28__ (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can "teach" - including carers and parents during a pandemic(流行病). However, some poorer students will do worse __29__ they do not have access to the Internet.Jackboot showed that learning does not only happen in a classroom and that human beings are learning beings: they know hardly anything at birth __30__ seek out and develop incredible capacities. That should make us less worried about children during this difficult time and more hopeful about ourselves.答案21. are arising/have been rising 22. for 23. have fallen 24. written 25. using26. how 27. if 28. to explore 29. because/as/since/for 30. but2021浦东新区一模Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a r ocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s __________ (30) the research team took a new approach.答案21.have wondered/have been wondering 22.finding 23.to 24.estimated 25.to support26.who 27.Though 28.its 29.most powerful 30.why2021松江一模Music Festival in MontrealEvery Sunday afternoon in the Plateau section (高原地区) of Montreal, thousands of people of all ages, nationalities, and economic backgrounds gather at the Jacques Cartier Monument in Mont Royal Park to play instruments, sing and dance. This weekly joyful event is called the “Tam-tam” — a name (21) _________ (refer) to an African drum —and has become an institution among Montreal’s bohemians (放荡不羁的文化人).The Plateau is on e of Canada’s most racially varied districts where French and English are both spoken, unlike the rest of French-speaking Montreal. Many artists, musicians, and writers inhabit this area due to the cheap rent of apartments and studios. In the sixties, it became known (22)_________ the bohemian area of Montreal, and the stores began selling clothing, music and books (23)_________ satisfied the tastes.Mont Royal Park is (24) _________ many of these artists and musicians would meet in the sixties to have lunch or just spend an afternoon together. Musicians brought instruments, and eventually impromptu (即兴的) performance of jazz got started, (25) _________(attract) poets who recited their works to the music being performed.Word got out about these gatherings, and it appealed to even more people until it was decided that these gatherings would happen every Sunday afternoon. Not only (26) _________ people have a great time at these gatherings, but it was also an excellent opportunity for musicians (27)_________ (schedule) further meetings in order to cooperate on musical projects.Tam-tam (28)_________ (become) a sort of Montreal institution already, which is drawing thousands of people every week and representing freedom and creativity, owing to (29)_________ impromptu nature. The event begins around noon and ends at sunset. Everyone is invited to attend a Tam-tam with an instrument, (30)_________ the hosts think the crowd participation can make Tam- tam a special occasion.答案21.referring 22. as 23. that / which 24. where 25. attracting 26. did / could27.to schedule 28. has become 29. its / the 30. for / because / as /since2021杨浦一模Causes of and Solutions to Frugal Fatigue(节俭疲劳症)Have you ever attempted to save money to such a degree that you are not enjoying your life anymore? If so, you could be suffering from frugal fatigue. Simply (21)_________(put), frugal fatigue refers to being sick and tired of attempting to save every penny that you earn. When you are determined to prioritize your savings, it can be initially (22)_________(tempt) to cut out every single luxury item from your budget. However, the problem with this strategy is that in the long run, you may experience burnout from allowing yourself no luxuries whatsoever.Frugal fatigue can be compared to extreme dieting. Someone attempting to diet in order to lose weight (23)_________ decide to give up all treats such as chocolate, cakes, and alcohol, (24)_________ of which presents health risks if consumed in moderation. (25)_________ months of eating nothing but vegetables and snacking on fruits alone, it would be no surprise if one became fed up with dieting. What tends to happen in the cases of frugal fatigue is that the individual in question suddenly reaches a breaking point (26)_________ he goes on spending spree(狂欢) to get relief. This causes them to lose all the savings that they(27)_________ (store) up thus far, and then they suffer from financial anxiety again.So, how does one prevent frugal fatigue? One method is to avoid adopting an all-or-nothing attitude.(28)_________ (plan) a careful budget that not only enables you to save money but also allows you the occasional luxury purchase. This way, you will not feel (29)_________ you are robbing yourself of all treats. Another effective strategy is to establish realistic goals for saving. Try to break up your financial goals into manageable milestones. Be sure to keep very clear reasons in mind for(30)_________ you are saving, whether it’s for a vacation or a retirement fund.答案21. put 22. tempting 23. may/might 24. none 25. After 26. where27. have stored 28. Plan 29. as if/as though 30. why2021奉贤一模Children moving from primary to secondary school are ill-equipped to deal with the booming of social media, as it is playing an increasingly important role in their lives, and is exposing them to significant emotional risks, according to a recent report by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England.The report shows that many children in year 7—the first year of secondary school, ____21____ almost everyone in the class will have a phone and be active on social media – feel under pressure to be constantly connected.They kind of ____22____ (worry) about their online image, particularly when they start to follow celebrities on Insta gram and other platforms. They are also upset about “sharenting” – when parents post pictures of them on social media without ____23____ (permit)—and show the concern ____24____ their parents won’t listen if they ask them to take pictures do wn.The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that ____25____ most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an ____26____ (estimate) 75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media account.Some children are almost addicted t o “likes”, the report says. Aaron, an 11-year-old in year 7, told researchers, “If I got 150 likes, I’d be like, that’s pretty cool, it means they like you.” Some children described feeling ____27____ (confident) than those they follow on social media. Aimee, also 11, said, “____28____ (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.”。

2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn this list, you can find some of the best parks inLondon.ChiswickGardensChiswickGardensarguably inspiredEngland’s most influential cultural export, second perhaps to the Beatles. In the 1720s, architect and designer William Kent experimentedat Chiswick, inventing what became known as the English landscape garden. He made the garden less formal, introducing a far more natural feel – sweeping grassland and lakes, classical temples and monuments. The style soon became the model for public parks across the globe. And it all started here.Website:chiswickhouseandgardens. Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m. — duskOsterleyParkThe essential dignity of this old country estate does not seem to be affected by the modern world. The stillness of its lake is occasionally broken by a line of passing swans. A cycle-friendly trail circles the park, perfect for children (bike hire available) – and if you don’t mind paying, the beautiful gardens are a must.Website:nationaltrust. Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m.—7: 30 p.m.RichmondParkDeer have been wandering around this rare grassland habitat since at least 1637, when Charles I enclosed it. It’sLondon’s largest nature reserve. Away from the roads and cycle tracks, few places inLondonfeel so open and wild. The landscape isn’t all left to the deer: the Isabella Plantation is a sizeable woodland garden full of flowers that look their best in mid-spring.Website:Opening times: open 24 hours, except Nov and FebVictoria ParkRegular winner of the nation’s most popular park awards, this park continues to attract new generations to its enormous band of devoted fans. The park is simply amazing for young people. A playground features the bestslides in town and a host of other original swinging and climbing equipment. Meanwhile, older kids get top-grade music festivals, a mouth-watering Sunday market and an excellent cafe in each of its two parts. And that’s without mentioning the lakes, gardens and everything else!Website:towerhamlets Opening times: open daily, 7 a.m. — dusk1. What is special aboutChiswickGardens?A. It isEngland’s most influential building.B. It was loved by the famous band the Beatles.C. Its natural style was a model for public parks.D. It has a history of nearly four hundred years.2. What can visitors see if they go toRichmondPark?A. Classical temples and monuments.B. Deer on grassland and beautiful flowers.C. A playground with the best slides in town.D. Busy roads and cycle tracks circling the park.3. Which park will you choose if you want to enjoy a music festival?A.ChiswickGardens.B.OsterleyPark.C.RichmondPark.D. Victoria Park.BUntil quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head.Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.4. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?A. They often have people hurt.B. They are difficult to practice.C. People have a wrong view on it.D. People practice them more often.5. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Interesting.B. Difficult.C. Friendly.D. Exciting.6. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?A. Adjusting the breath.B. Enjoying one’s free time.C. Correcting the movement.D. Keeping one’s attention.7. What does the writer think of martial arts?A. They are notsports.B. They attracted many teenagers.C. They are beneficial and helpful.D. They were invented to protect others.CLarry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time, it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age. Similarly, his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then, he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then, there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children of his age were not even allowed to dive.After the first expedition, Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dullmoment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back, Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes, he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least, he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them .Fortunately for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for rry didn’t even know what the time was, how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide range of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already, she looked like she was much braver than had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.8. In what way was this expedition different for Larry?A. His daughter had grown up.B. He had become a famous diver.C. His father would dive with him.D. His daughter would dive with him.9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Larry had some special right.B. Larry liked the rented diving suits.C. Divers had to buy diving equipment.D. Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.10. What can be learned from the underlined sentence?A. Larry didn’t wear a watch.B. Larry was not good at math.C. Larry had a poor memory.D. Larry enjoyed the adventure.11. What did Larry expect his daughter to do?A. Become a successful diver.B. Make a good diving guide.C. Take a lot of photo underwater.D. Have longer hours of training.DIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness onfeelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.12. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.13. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.14. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海中国中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChildren under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.RizlaredOnline games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.AndrewGood policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.AdamIt is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.PinkExcessive(过度的）gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority (优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way toprovide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.LaurenThere would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents ly need to strengthen guidance andsupervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A. Play online games.B. Play with a smart phone.C. Study all the time.D. Go in for outside activities.2. What does Pink advise the gaming industry to do?A. Pay attention to its profit.B. Focus on kids’ health.C. Be responsible for kids’ surroundings.D. Persuade kids lo play more games.3. What role do parents have according to the passage?A. They keep hold of their phones.B. They set examples for their kids.C. They limit their kids’ time.D. They blame kids for addiction.BIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hopeto rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).4. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.5. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.6. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.7. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.CScientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teachkids about modern-day scientists?First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real, guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!”But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example,is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.8. What can Chris Hadfield’s story tell students?A. Scientists are interested in different things.B. Students should have a hobby of their own.C. Scientists can be ordinary like people around us.D. Students should consider scientists as their models.9. Which of the following would the author agree with?A. African-Americans are more likely to become scientists.B. Scientists are not necessarily very smart at school.C. Not all scientists really show interest in science.D. Scientists are usually good at their schooling.10. The last paragraph shows us that ________.A. scientists should help each otherB. a scientist should never give up tryingC. making discoveries is necessary for scientistsD. new scientific discoveries may be based on others’ findings11. What is the text mainly about?A. Why scientists are important to us.B. Why students should be taught about scientists.C. Why students love stories of scientists.D. Why scientists can encourage students.DHave you ever been sad because of failure? Please remember, for quite often achieving what you set out to do is not the most important thing.A boy decided to dig a deep hole behind his house. As he was working, a couple of older boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that digging a hole all the way through the earth was impossible. After a while, the boy picked up a jar. He showed it to the visitors. It was full of all kinds of stones and insects. Then he said calmly and confidently, “Maybe I can’t finish digging all the way through the earth, but look at what I’ve found during this period!”Theboy’s goal was far too difficult, but it did cause him to go on. And that is what a goal is for－to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen, in other words, to cause us to keep working!Not every goal will be fully achieved. Not every job will endup with a success. Not every dream will come true. But when you fall short of your aim, maybe you can say, “Yes, but look at what I’ve found along the way! There are so many wonderful things having come into my life because I tried to do something!” It is in the digging that life is lived. It is the unexpected joy on the journey that really makes sense.12. The older boys laughed at the boy because he was thought to be______.A. braveB. impoliteC. foolishD. warm-hearted13. Why did the boy show the jar to the older boys?A. To drive them away.B. To show what he had found in digging.C. To show how beautiful the jar was.D. To attract them to join him in the work.14. What can be learnt from the fourth paragraph of the text?A. No dream can come true.B. All work will end successfully.C. Goals shouldn’t be set too high.D. Goals will make us work harder.15. The best title for the text should be______.A. A Boy Dug a HoleB. Joy in the JourneyC. No Pain, No GainsD. Failure Is the Mother of Success第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Don't abandon the written WordWay back in 2012, Kyle Wiens. CEO of IFIX wrote in a blog post for Harvard Business Review that he wouldn't hire anyone who used poor grammar. In fact, he 31 all applicants to take a grammar test before moving forward.According to Wiens, he’s"found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something 32 unrelated to writing ― like stocking shelves or labeling parts. What's more, he believes that grammar skills indicate several other valuable 33 , including learning ability, professional credibility (信用) and attention to detail. Another CEO named Brad Hoover noted that good grammar is a predictor of professional success.Honestly ask yourself whether you'd hire someone with a poorly written resume. Will this person be able to deliver on your business plan? How 34 will they be able to communicate your goals and expectations? How likely is it that they will be able to successfully 35 with others and build your brand? In short, if you want to succeed ― as a boss or an employee ― good grammar is 36 .“Great leaders can understand how to use it well in context,” wrote Kevin Daum in an article. As a leader, you must be able to manage, organize, 37 and support your team. Strong communication skill both written and verbal, allow you to accomplish that. If you sent an employee poorly written instructions, how probable is it that you'll both be 38 in the outcome-and each other?Writing, specifically by hand has numerous 39 for your health and well-being. Researchers have also found that handwriting, in particular the forming of letters, is the key to not only 40 your memory but also forming new ideas and learning. In fact, if you want to slow down mental aging, writing by hand is your best bet because it forces you to use more of your motor skills.答案：31—35HDAIC 36—40JGEBFA Tennis Tournament (锦标赛) with TraditionToday, July 2nd kicks off tennis’s major event: The Championships, Wimbledon, more commonly known as just Wimbledon. Held in London at the All England Club, it is the oldest tennis tournament in the world.Over its long history, the tournament has developed traditions which help to 31 it among sports events. During the tournament, players must follow a dress code and compete wearing all-white clothing. This allows the competitors to stand out 32 among those dressed in the tennis club’s official colors of dark green and purple.Wimbledon’s most33 tradition, however, is that all matches are played on outdoor grass courts. In fact, Wimbledon is the only major tennis tournament still played on grass. Several of the courts at the All England Club are only used for two weeks a year, during the championships. For Wimbledon players, it’s the honor of a lifetime to play the game they love on the tennis world’s center stage. In addition to the34 and recognition for the winners is the annually increasing prize money the champions take home. Wimbledon consists of five main events with several 35 events and invitation events. Men and women, or gentlemen and ladies as they’re called at Wimbledon, compete in singles and doubles matches. There is also mixed doubles, where one man and one woman make up a team. Events are mostly single 36 tournaments. Only the gentlemen’s, senior gentlemen’s and ladies’ invitation doubles are round-robin (循环赛) tournaments.During the 14 days of 37 competition, nearly 500,000 people will attend the event, including members of the royal family. On occasion this has included the Prince of Wales and Her majesty the Queen. One of Wimbledon’s past traditions required players to bow toward the tournament’s honored guests. Some players still 38 observe the tradition even though the players are no longer required to do so.As the players compete, the tennis fans also participate in another tournament tradition by consuming the 39 strawberries and cream.With the tennis world’s 40 now set on Wimbledon, don’t miss the opportunity to catch this much-loved sporting event.答案：31. B 32. D 33. K 34. H 35. J 36. C 37. F 38. I 39. A 40. GCambridge Dictionary’s Word of the Year 2020Quarantine has been named Word of the Year 2020 by Cambridge Dictionary, a website where editors use datafrom the website, blogs, and social media to identify and prioritize new additions. On the New Words Blog, 31new additions are posted weekly for readers to cast their votes on whether they feel these words should be added. Surprisingly, “Quarantine” has defeated “lockdown” and “pandemic” to be 32 Word of the Year 2020 after data showed it to be one of the most highly searched for on the Cambridge Dictionary.The Cambridge Dictionary editors have also tracked how people were using the word quarantine and discovered a new meaning 33 : a general period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, so that they do not catch or spread a disease.Research shows the word is being used 34 to lockdown, particularly in the United States, to refer to a situation in which people stay home to avoid catching the disease.This new 35 of quarantine has now been added to the Cambridge Dictionary, and marks a shift from the existing meanings, which relate to 36 a person or animal suspected of being infectious.Neither corona virus nor COVID-19 appeared among the words that Cambridge Dictionary users searched for most this year. We believe this indicates that people have been 37 confident about what the virus is. Instead, users have been searching for words related to the social and economic impacts of the pandemic, as 38 not just by quarantine but by the two runners-up on the shortlist for Word of the Year: lockdown and pandemic itself. This interest in quarantine and other related 39 was reflected not only in our search statistics, but also in visits to this blog.Cambridge Dictionary is the top dictionary website for English learning. The dictionary not only shows how words are used in real-world 40 but also gives out their definitions.答案：31-40 BGIAD CHEJKThe Correct Answer to the QuestionThe usual answer to the greeting “How are you?” is generally “Not too bad.” Why? Because it’s all-purpose. Whatever the circumstances, whatever the conditions, “Not too bad” will get y ou through. On an average day it 31 a confusing modesty. In good times it implies a decent pessimism ( 悲观), a kind of 32 to express oneself. And when things are rough, really rough and annoying, it becomes a heroic 33 , as if everything goes well. Best of all, it gently prevents further inquiry with all three syllables (音节) equally 34 , because it is -- basically -- meaningless.Americans are small-talk artists. They have to be. This is a wild country. The weakest agreement 35 one person to the next. So the “Have a nice day”, the “Hot enough for you”, and the “How about those guys” serve a vital purpose. Without these little commonly-used phrases and the 36 social contract that they represent, to calm people, the streets would be a free-for-all exhibition of disaster.But that’s the negative view. Some of my happiest interactions with other human beings have been glancing moments of small talks. It’s an extraordinary thing. A person stands before you, a complete stranger, and the best everyday small talk can have his or her soul 37 in front of your eyes.I was out walking the other day when a UPS truck pulled to the side of the road. As the driver leaped from his cab to make a 38 , I heard relaxing music coming out of the truck’s speakers -- a kind of familiar and weightless blues music, and it’s my favorite tune. “China Cat Sunflower?”I said to the UPS guy as he rushed back to his truck. He39 showed a huge smile, “You got it, babe!”The exchange of feelings, the perfect understanding, the simplest small talk that emerged instantly between us, and, most of all, the 40 “babe” -- I was high as a kite for the next 10 minutes after such a pure small talk.答案：31 - 35 CEIAG 36 - 40: DBKHF5.黄浦区Science Isn’t Always Perfect— But We Should Still Trust ItFrom environment pollution to climate change, we make decisions every day that involve us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political 31 . When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science, she replied, “because it’s science!”For several decades, there has been a(n) 32 and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are 33 by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.That answer isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not 34 . After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn’t prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today.An alternative answer to the question—Why trust science? —is that scientists use “the scientific method.” If you’ve got a hi gh school science textbook lying around the house, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is 35 declared to be the scientific method—develop a hypothesis( 假设), then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientis ts actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time. Science 36 changes: new methods get invented, oldones get 37 , and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that’s a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn’t work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was 38 to test is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same 39 result. On the contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn’t prove the theory is wrong; it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the 40 .答案：31. C 32. J 33. A 34. K 35. D 36. I 37. G 38. B 39. E 40.HNoise Pollution Rules Should Be TightenedRoad traffic, aircraft, ships, factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise. The noise should be better 31 to protect wildlife, say the authors of a study 32 how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds.Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health. But experts say it can also affect wildlife, from preventing their communication to affecting the 33 with which they search for food. “For example, if bats34 their prey through sound clues can’t hear clearly,” said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc, the co-author of the research, “they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food.”The studies were based on experiments in which 35 aspects of the animals’ behaviour or other measures, such as changes in hormone ( 荷尔蒙) levels, were 36 before and after exposure to noise. The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species. “Thus, the response to n oise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being 37 sensitive to noise,” the authors wrote.The team continued to 38 that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species. That was because such considerations were 39 . For example, noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators (食肉动物).“Even if some animals benefited, it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, si nce the majority would still experience negative effects”, said Kunc. But there was 40 for optimism. “Unlike chemical pollution, if a noise source moves away, then nothing stays in the environment any more,” he said.答案：31-40 BDJGI FHKCAHow Big is the Ecological Footprint of Your Food?There is no doubt that eating less meat is good for our planet. However, if you are not ready to give up meat entirely, how to make a more (31) choice? Or have you ever thought about where the fish in your soup comes from? Or have you ever wondered how to reduce environmental impact of your meals?‘We are what we eat!’ confirms the important notion that food and human are (32) . Food is culture, a sense of identity and a personal preference. But globally, our food system accounts for (33) a quarter of manmade greenhouse gas emissions. That’s why we should rethink our food consumption and include “the good food for the planet Earth” into our next recipe!An expert from WWF Sweden (瑞典世界自然基金会) discussed the role of WWF at one meeting about future food. WWF Sweden aims to (34) production and consumption of food to increase sustainability. There are three interesting tools (35) by WWF Sweden that can help you to make the right choice on food consumption.“Our Planet Plate” is a campaign with which WWF Sweden hopes to raise climate change (36) about food consumption. Aiming to address the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, WWF provides information on how much greenhouse gases a meal should release to achieve the goal.WWF Food Calculator is a tool that gives you an idea of how much greenhouse gas emissions your breakfast, lunch or dinner leads to. This tool can (37) how much carbon dioxide is released from the ingredients you use to cook. If you want to reach the goal of 1.5 degrees emission reduction, you are looking at having approximately 11 kg of CO2 equivalent food per week. You do not have to be (38) to reach this goal, but you have to be creative with your recipes. For instance, you could choose free-range meat or opt for local fish over mass-produced meat or (39) fish.Initiated by SLU, a ‘Meat-Guide’ has been taken up and expanded by WWF Sweden since 2015. The Meat-Guide bases on five (40) of climate, biodiversity, chemical pesticides, animal welfare and antibiotics. You can download the Meat-Guide app onto your phone and use it the next time you do your groceries.答案：31-40 FDBHA EJIKCJ. staged K. contemporaryG. exposure H. specifically I. relievedF .squeezingC. advocateD. extendedE. annoyingB. displayA. initiatedAs glass towers continue to push their way into city skylines like sunflowers 31 up through walled gardens, some homeowners and developers have come to a realization. Floor-to- ceiling glass may provide breathtaking views, but it cuts down on opportunities for art 32 . To solve the problem, a number of developers are thinking of designing apartment towers 33 with art exhibiting in mind. The development company RFR, for example, has 34 the idea of designing loft ( 顶 楼 ) units in the style of a downtown gallery.“I would love to be recognized as a developer who creates spaces that are really planned for an art collector,” said Aby Rosen, a co-founder of RFR and an art collector himself. “I’m a big 35 of art which connects you with history and the desire for culture.”On a recent tour of the loft units at 100 East 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, Mr. Rosen pointed to the uninterrupted concrete walls and floors. “It’s the kind that you may see when you go to a Gagosian Gallery or Paul Kasmin Gallery,” he said.The ceilings are embedded (镶嵌) with slots(槽) that allow soft lighting to be installed for particular works.And to protect precious pieces, the exterior glass is specially treated to prevent the36to sunlight.“These spaces enjoy many 37 high-rise benefits, while at the same time avoid 38 side effects of a downtown loft —the creaking floors and traffic noise,” Mr. Rosen said.To hammer the point, one of the model units was 39 as a gallery rather than a home, with works from various collections. Mr. Rosen said that the units’focus on art, without exception, 40 to the lobby, too, where residents could be greeted by a site-specific work designed solely for the building by Rachel Feinstein, who depicted New York City icons, including the Empire State Building and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 答案：31-35 FBHAC 36-40 GKEJDI’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing 31 greatly. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a final result, they cannot work in 32 no matter how much we might like to think so.Trying to criticize writing while it is still in progress is most possibly the single greatest33 to writing that most of us meet with. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to seize a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to 34 first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.The practice that can help you pass your 35 bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing, the 36 is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15－20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words 37 . As the words begin to go smoothly, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be 38 on your notepad or your screen.Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.Instead of staring at a blank screen, start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your39 time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to a(n) 40 product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.答案：31. B 32. E 33. G 34. D 35. A 36. I 37. K 38. H 39. F 40. JWork is necessary to earn an income. And if you get good job 31 , it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks （工资外的补贴）that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee 32 are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are33 a p osition, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to 34 and retain the right staff.As an example, at the merchant bank, Close Brothers, AI has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses 35 their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay36 and reach their full potential in real-time.” In surance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements. Staff can earn ‘ 37 ’ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by 38 the participants’ performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater 39 between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and 40 work force. But HR experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.答案：31-35 KAJBD 36-40 IHECFFood Waste in the NetherlandsUneaten bread, yellowed vegetables, overcooked rice or noodles are all thrown away by the Dutch, which is a problem in the Netherlands. In 2010, each person there threw away about 48 kilograms of food per year, (31)with 41 kilograms in 2016, a slight improvement.A food industry expert says the problem in the Netherlands is that everyday food is so cheap that people (32)have no idea. But don’t forget that a family throws away 50 Euros worth of food every month, that is, 600 Euros a year, and that adds up to a lot of money, doesn’t it? He offers a number of tips on how to deal with (33)food waste. For example, take your shopping list to the supermarket so you can cut down unnecessary food (34) . As far as cooking is concerned, do as much as you can eat. “So if you’re measuring for four people, don’t take it for granted, but use a measuring cup to measure it (35) ,” she said. “We waste a lot of rice and cooked pasta. Turn the refrigerator to 4 degrees instead of 6 or 7 degrees. So you can keep the food longer. If you have a lot left over after dinner, you can (36) it and just put it in the microwave one day a week. It’s easy and it saves money.”In recent years, the Netherlands has taken many measures to deal with food waste. For example, since its launch in January 2018, it has used an APP called Too Good to Go, which allows hotels, supermarkets and bakeries to (37) how much food they have left each day, and nearby consumers can use the APP to find out where they can pay a small amount of money for the leftover food. The Grand, a five star hotel in Amsterdam, is also (38) . “In the past, we threw out all the cheese, sandwiches, meat and other products from the breakfast buffet (自助餐), and it was a (39) waste,” said a staff member, “Now we don’t waste so much, so this application is really a good (40) .” The idea for the APP came from Denmark, and the application is now up and running in nine countries.答案：31-35 BDACK 36-40 FEHGJWater on the MoonNASA says there are water molecules (分子) on our neighbor’s sunny surface. NASA has confirmed the presence of water on the moon’s sunlit surface, a breakthrough that suggests the chemical 31 that is vital to life on Earth could be distributed across more parts of the lunar surface than the ice that has 32 been found in dark and cold areas.“We don’t know yet if we can use it as a resource,” NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said, but he added that learning more about the water is 33 to U.S. plans to explore the moon.The discovery comes from the space agency’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA — a(n) 34 Boeing 747 that can take its large telescope high into Earth’s atmosphere, at altitudes up to 45,000 feet. Those heights allow researchers to peer at objects in space with 35 any visual disturbance from water vapor. To detect the molecules, SOFIA used a special camera that can distinguish between water’s specific wavelength of 6.1 microns and that of its close chemical relative hydroxyl, or OH.The data confirm what experts have 36 , that water might exist on the moon’s sunny surface. But in recent years, researchers had been able to document only water ice at the moon’s poles and other darker and colder areas.Experts will now try to figure out exactly how the water came to form and why it 37 . NASA scientists published their findings in the latest issue of Nature Astronomy.“Data from this location reveal water in 38 of 100 to 412 parts per million — roughly 39 to a 12-ounce bottle of water —trapped in a cubic meter of soil spread across the lunar surface,” NASA said in a release about the discovery.“Without a thick atmosphere, water on the sunlit lunar surface should just be lost to space,” said Casey Honniball, the lead author of a st udy about the discovery. “Yet somehow we’re seeing it. Something is producing the water, and something must be trapping it there.”There are several possible explanations for the water’s presence, including the possibility that it was delivered to the surface by stony microobjects 40 the moon. Small balls of glass from that process could trap water, according to the researchers’ paper.答案：31-40 D J I A E B G K C HThis corona-virus affects everyone, but not equally. Because of covid-19, the number of extremely poor people would rise by 70,000,000 to 100,000,000 this year, the World Bank predicted. Using a broader measure, including those who lack basic 31 or clean water and children who go hungry, the poor would rise by 240,000,000 this year, said the UN. That could 32 almost a decade of progress. Vaccination ( 疫苗注射) will to some extent help economies recover, but33 vaccination will take years and the very poor cannot wait that long.The IMF and World Bank have 34 lending, but only 31% more of the bank’s money has reached poor countries, says the Centre for Global Development. Governments in poor countries need to spend their money wisely. Even when money is 35 for good purposes, it is too often wasted or stolen.The best way to help the poor is to give them money in a direct manner. With a little 36 cash in their pockets, the poor can feed their children and send them back to school, which will help them make a living in the future. One country that has done well getting cash into poor pockets is Brazil, despite President Jair Bolsonaro’s habit of understating the effects of covid-19. Various measures of poverty there have actually fallen. A(n) 37 for governments should be basic health care, which the corona-virus has interrupted so badly that vaccination rates for children have been set back about 20 years. The crisis requires politicians to make hard choices quickly, and they can follow the example of China.Mistakes are unavoidable, given how much remains unknown about the disease, but some are38 . India’s sudden lockdown forced millions of migrant workers to head back to their villages on foot or crowded trains, spreading the virus far and wide. Politicians 39 remotely from their comfortable home offices should think harder about how their decisions might affect those whom covid-19 is plunging back into extreme poverty. It is shameful when their 40 to covid-19 adds to the suffering of the least fortunate.答案：31---40 DCGAI KFBEJChina has for years been protecting and restoring natural ecology and the environment, and has established a target responsibility system to improve ecological and environmental quality, developed innovative systems of (31) , inspection and accountability( 责任), and greatly raised the level of biodiversity conservation. It has also made steady progress in the (32) of 25 pilot projects for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, lakes and grasslands, and put 90 percent of the earthly ecosystems and 85 percent of key wildlife populations under (33) regulations.While (34) ways to ensure harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, in line with the goals and vision of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, China is also helping build a global ecological civilization. China was the first country to (35) the National Implementation Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, has contributed to and participated in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and made notable progress toward 17 of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets and achieved some of them before schedule. (According to the (36) released Global Biodiversity Outlook 5, only six Aichi Targets have been partly met at the global level).Also, the United Nations has labelled the Kubuqi Desert in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region（内蒙古自治区）as a desert ecological-economic (37) area. And the Saihanba Afforestation Community and the “1,000 Villages in Demonstration and 10,000 Villages in Renovation” project in Zhejiang Province have won the UN “Champions of the Earth” award.Further, China has announced its carbon emissions will peak before 2030 and it will reach carbon neutrality (中和，中性) by 2060 and thus boost the global fight against climate change and help (38) biodiversity.To (39) ecological and environmental protection, China has shifted from quantitative （量的，定量的）economic growth to high-quality, green development. China understands the organic yet complex relationship between humans and nature, between the environment and people’s livelihoods, and between conservation and development.And it has been making efforts to better understand the development model of (40) civilization that is different from that of industrial civilization, in order to build a green society, which will ensure harmonious coexistence of humans and nature as well as sustainable development.答案：31-35 K F J A G 36 -40 H D I B C。

2021届上海奉贤区光明学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACharlie Thorne and the Last Equationby Stuart GibbsThe CIA is on a task to find an equation (方程式) called Pandora, which could destroy the world if the wrong people get it. For help, they turn to Charlie, a 12-year-old girl who's as smart as Albert Einstein. People who like action-packed mysteries will enjoy reading this exciting book.AstroNutsby Jon Scieszka and Steven WeinbergIn AstroNuts, the Earth has been destroyed by humans for thousands of years. Four animals set out from Mount Rushmore, the headquarters (总部) of NNASA. Their task is to find a new planet fit for human life. Finally, they discover one: Plant Planet. The story's theme (主题) is simple: Don't harm the planet. Readers who love fantasy will enjoy AstroNuts.Stargazingby Jen WangChristine hears that Moon, who's new in town, is the kind of kid who beats people up for fun. But Moon and her mum come to live with Christine's family, and the two kids become best friends. Moon even shares a big secret with Christine. Stargazing is based on author Jen Wang's experiences as a child. The story is about the power of friendship and how people are able to change.Roll with Itby Jamie SumnerRoll with It is a story about a 12-year-old girl named Ellie. She has difficulty walking on her own and uses a wheelchair. When Ellie and her mum move to another state to take care of Ellie's grandpa, she must learn to navigate (处理) a new school and new friendships. This page-turner is a must-read for everyone. It's a heartwarming story that really shows the value of familyand how being different is special.1. Which book tells readers to protect the place we live in?A.AstroNutsB.Stargazing.C.Roll with It.D.Charlie Thorne and the Last Equation.2. What makes Stargazing different from the other three books?A. It talks about friendship.B. It tells stories about animals.C. It contains lots of scientific knowledge.D. It was written according to the author's experiences.3. What happened to Ellie?A. She had difficulty in making friends.B. She had an accident which left her in a wheelchair.C. She went to a new school and had to start all over again.D. She lost her mum and was taken care of by her grandpa.BCompared to dogs, cats are often considered to be aloof（冷漠的）with respect to their human owners. It is usual for them to be indifferent（无动于衷的）when humans calltheir names. Are we sure that they don’t understand human voices at all?A recent study published in the journal of Scientific Reports suggests that we’ve been fooled. Japanese scientists found that cats can recognize their names if their owners regularly use them. In the study, scientists recruited 78 domestic cats. They played recordings of voices of their owners saying five words: the first four words were random nouns thatresembledtheir names while the final word was the cat’s name. Then they observed the cats’ responses, if there were any.Most of cats moved their ears or heads when they heard their names, while they made no response to other words. That suggested, “cats were paying attention to you, what you say and what you do,” John Bradshaw, an expert on human-animal interactions（互动）at the University of Bristol, UK, told The Times. “And cats were just as good as dogs at learning,” she added.In the study, when people called their names, cats often associated (联系) the words with rewards, such as food or play, or with “punishments” such as having a bath or going to the vet . This made cats sensitive (敏感的) to words. After the cats had been called several times, they could respond to the words. But the scientists added that while dogs have evolved（进化）to follow their owners’ orders, cats have not. Although cats appear to bedistant, they do have special relationships with their owners.According to study co-author Atsuko Saito, cats have evolved not to show their emotions as a survival method. One example is illness, which they tend to hide because “in the wild, no one can rescue them” and predators (捕食性动物) are more likely to pay attention to them, Saito explained.However, technology may help bridge the communication gap between cats and us. There are now mobile apps available to explain what their meows mean. So, the next time you hear “meow, meow”,your cat may be telling you: “Hi, you haven’t cleaned my litter box recently.”4. What did the recent study find about cats?A. Cats can recognize their names.B. Cats are cleverer than dogs.C. Cats learn more slowly than dogs.D. Cats are willing to follow orders.5. What does the underlined word“resembled”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. were limited toB. were different fromC. were similar toD. were away from6. Why do cats appear distant to their human owners?A. They associate words with punishments.B. They want to protect themselves from harm.C. They are not sensitive to the human voice.D. They don’t pay much attention to their surroundings.7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. It is difficult to understand cats’ meows.B. Interaction with your cats is very important.C. Cats do have good relationships with their owners.D. We may know cats better with the help of technology.CHave you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time.But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest s, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question.Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study cameto a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result.Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice.In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.“It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy.Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior.8. Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors?A. Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits.B. Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study.C. Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview.D. Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class.9. What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?A. Sharing food.B. Making a choice.C. Comforting others.D. Showing sympathy.10. How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones?A. It was based on controlled lab experiment.B. It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward.C. It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding.D. It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners.11. What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes?A. Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others.B. Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors.C. Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab.D. Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards.DIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).12. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.13. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.14. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.15. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

阅读理解专题上海市闵行区2021届高三上学期质量调研考试（一模）英语试卷Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For the residents of Flint, Michigan, USA., the burden of the ongoing water crisis can be measured in weight. Few outside of Vehicle City can tell you how much a 24-pack of bottled water weighs. But in Flint, they can recite it from memory: 26 1/2 lb.For more than a year, many Flint residents have been making the daily journey to distribution centers to load up on cases of water for virtually every basic chore: bathing, brushing teeth, making dinner. Twelve months ago, the city government decided to switch the water supply to the Flint River, which allowed lead and other toxins from the city’s aging pipes to flow into residents’ taps. Although the state government has provided $200 million to solve the problem, the water in Flint remains unsafe to drink without a filter. But there are halting signs of progress.The city has since switched its water source back to Detroit’s properly treated supply, and test results have started showing signs of normalcy. Marc Edwards, the Virginia Tech environmental engineer says Flint’s water is no less safe than other sources around the nation. “There’s no reason to believe the water in Flint is any more dangerous than other U.S. cities,”Edwar ds says.However, some residents cast doubt on those results. Melissa Mays, a Flint resident and organizer of Water You Fighting For?, a local advocacy group, says she still breaks out in rashes and wants more tests from showers and water heaters for bacteria like Legionella, an outbreak of which has killed 12 people around Flint since April 2014. “We feel like we’re right back at the beginning,” Mays says.As the state tries to decide who should be responsible for the crisis, the city is working to repl ace its old lead pipes. But only 700 of Flint’s 30,000 lead service lines have been dug up andreplaced. Overhauling them all will require far more than the $27 million the state has provided. “It’s a shame that it’s taken this long,” says Mayor Karen Weav er, who was elected in the wake of the crisis. “The bottom line is that we need and deserve new pipes.”But even with new infrastructure (基础设施), the real challenge in Flint may be restoring public confidence in the face of immeasurable distrust.56. The author mentioned the numbers in the first paragraph to ______.A. call people to pay attention to the problem of water securityB. indicate the effect of the water problem on the people of FlintC. highlight the good memory of the average people of FlintD. urge the government to financially help people of Flint57. What should be responsible for the water problem in Flint?A. Insufficient water supply equipment.B. Shortage of financial aid.C. The unhealthy source of water.D. Local people’s im proper lifestyle.58. From the passage we know that ______.A. the water supply in Flint has been switched back.B. the pollution in the Flint River is out of controlC. residents in Flint were convinced of the water safetyD. the water crisis has caused several deaths so far59. Which of the following might the author agree with?A. The residents exaggerated the negative impact of the water crisis.B. The government officials are wrongly blamed for the water crisis.C. The residents should share the cost of improving the water supply system.D. The government should reassure people of its reliability.(B)(You may read the questions first.)Interested in learning simple moves which can lead to a less stressed-out you? Join our eight-week course of training Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction. Below is a brief introduction of our four strategies to build the ability to recover from stress.For many of us, work can be so mentally exhausting that it’s possible toforget that we have an entire body attached to our head. The body-scanmeditation is a chance to help you tune in to the tiny pains that we oftendon’t even notice. It can last anywhere from one to 20 minutes, and it’seasy to do while lying in bed. Here’s how to do it: lie down or sit still in a chair with your eyes closed, and begin to sense every part of the body in turn, starting at your toes and traveling up from there. It’s a good way for us to release tension we don’t even realize we’re experiencing.Mindfulness isn’t all closed eyes and a statue-still position. Stretching,too, can be meditation. Mindful movement is also a way to pay attention.The point isn’t to twist into a complex body position, but to betterunderstand the body’s limits and potential. Cycle through slow, gentleposes, like placing a knee to your chest while lying on your back, or a simple cat-cow (pictured) on all fours. Before you start, set aside a few minutes to calm down and focus on your breath. And once you’re done, spend a few moments lying flat on your bac k with your muscles relaxed.Simply breathing while paying attention to the breath is the heart of anymindfulness practice. The goal isn’t to clear the mind but to let thoughtspass like clouds without getting sucked into what they might mean. Ratherthan identifying with a thought or getting caught up in it, the participantnotices the thought and then says goodbye to it. That way, people canhave a little bit more freedom in how to respond to internal stimuli like their thoughts. To cultivate awareness of the breath, find a relaxed seat and notice—without thinking about it or trying to change it—how you breathe in and out. Build up to a 15-to-20-minute practice.Walking is a good framework for practicing mindfulness. (Ideally, thisshould be done without the pressure of having to get anywhere on aparticular schedule.) Find a quiet place inside or outdoors to take yourstroll. While you walk, focus on each small, slow step: the lifting of onefoot, the heel-first transfer of weight, the shift to the other. Every timeyour foot hits the ground, bring your attention to your breath and the feelings in your body. Walking meditation is more manageable than, say, sitting still in the dark,and it can also alleviate pain in the process. Try to practice mindful walking, at any pace, for 10to 30 minutes.A. involve stretching bodies considerablyB. call for controlling people’s breathC. empty pressure from mind temporarilyD. help people reduce body movement61. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. People can do their walking meditation at their own pace.B. Doing body scan can let go of the unnoticed tension.C. Before doing gentle yoga, people need to lie down and relax muscles.D. Breathing exercise requires people to breathe in a usual way.62. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Warming up activity is required before doing these exercises.B. These exercises are better functioned when done indoors.C. The more time you spend on the exercises, the better result you get.D. Your body keeps in a motionless state when doing body scan.(C)The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chiefexecutive, even when other managers have had doubts?In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.In the modern world, with all its complexity, co-operation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent fillings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories.There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级).The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.63. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______.A. confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fablesB. argue children’s wisdom over adultsC. indicate the importance of different opinionsD. make fun of the foolishness of some people64. By using the word “hidebound” the author is refe rring to those who ______.A. close themselves to a fixed mindB. pay more attention to other’s behaviorC. advocate traditional way of thinkingD. hesitate to participate in team activities65. According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team?A. Employing graduates from the same excellent university.B. Appointing senior managers with the right of leading a team.C. Establishing a team with people of various backgrounds.D. Hiring people assembling their chief executives in thoughts.66. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Co-operation and teamwork contribute to the complexity of the world.B. The less identity a person releases the more he is ready to air views.C. Viewpoints from different perspectives are likely to cause conflicts.D. There exists the danger of pecking order in a team led by junior managers.Section B56-59. BCAD 60-62. BCD 63-66. CACB上海市长宁区2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷II.Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The first thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people,we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill. By nine months, a baby's face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult's.Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part ofthe brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn't work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look inthe mirror. They don't recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when see this unfamiliar face.Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color blindness.Colorblind people can't see the difference between certain colors such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different colors.There is no cure of face blindness. So for the time being, people with face blindness needto find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize peopleby their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure.56.The first paragraph is mainly about .A.the way to improve one's face-recognition skillsB.the fact that some people have face-recognition problemsC.the simple process of the brain to recognize others' facesD.the importance of face recognition in human communication57.When do people have the keen skills of face-recognition?At birth. B. In adolescence. C. Half a year old. D. Nine months old.58.The bold word "startled" in the 3rd paragraph is closes in meaning to.A.confusedB. surprisedC. excitedD. depressed59.What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?A.People need to take it seriously.B.It affects a great number of people.C.It can be cured in the near future.D.Certain techniques can make up for it.(B)CAREERS &MANAGEMENTMany large companies now use applicant-tracking systems (ATSs). As the name suggests, such systems help recruiters track and manage applicants. They also select the best candidates and filter out the rest. How can you make sure that your application gets past the robots and reaches a human recruiter? Here's what the expert, DEBORAH CAPRAS, says.●Use the right format（格式）Most applications are removed because they are not formatted in way these systems can read and interpret: Amanda Augustine, career expert at Presumption, explains to CNBCMake It.Check which format is specified in the job ad before you upload your application. It's usually Microsoft Word format.●Keep it simpleAvoid columns and tables, as many systems have problems recognizing where these start and end. According to Alludes, a specialist recruitment company, you should keep the structure and format simple. "Don't get fancy," advises Alludes on its blog. Use standard fonts (Arial or Caliban). Excessive formatting or decorative elements might present an unreadable mess to the ATSs.●Stick to traditionsUse traditional categories, such as "Achievements", "Education", "Professional qualifications", "Skills" and "Work experience." These systems are programmed to sort the information into such categories. "There is no standard you have to follow," says Nick Francis of Silencer, "but you should stick to the most popular or most frequently used ones to be safe," hetells CNBC Make it.Understand the algorithms（算法）"ATS algorithms aren't that different from the human algorithms," Jon Shields, marketing manager at Jacobson, tells The Muse. "We're all kind of skimming for the same things," he says. The system first skims your application for specific key words, then it ranks candidates who match the job description well. This doesn't mean you should copy and paste directly from the job description into your application. You should reuse expressions that are recognized industry terms. This is important when listing job titles, qualifications or achievements. If you're not sure which ones to include, use an online tool to find the right words. Basically, even if you are highly qualified, unless you include the right search terms in your applications, a human recruiter will never meet you.60.Applicant-tracking systems (ATSs) are used forA.formatting the uploaded applicationsB.collecting applicants' data from their applicationsC.helping companies find qualified candidatesD.promoting applicants' career development61.Which of the following is NOT DEBORAH CAPRAS' advice?A.Check the format used in your application before uploading it.B.Keep the structure and format of your application simple.C.Stick to the most popular or frequently used categories.D.Avoid using expressions that are recognized industry terms.62.This brochure mainly talks about .A.where applicants should send their applicationsB.how applicant could get their applications past A TSs.C.what applicants must do in preparing for an interviewD.why ATS algorithms work in the same way as human's(C)In 2020, we can expect new developments is voice technology. These include technology that can understand regional accents and gender-neutral（中性的）voice assistants. People have criticized products such as Alexa and Siri because they often misunderstand women and people with regional accents. In response to this criticism, the voice tech industry is tryingto become more inclusive by introducing a range of new projects. One study asked people to read out different news headlines and then looked at what Alexa thought people had said.The difference between what the people said and what Alexa understood was 30% biggerfor people withnon-native accents. Recent research also shows that Google's speech recognition is 13%more accurate for men than it is for women.A project that wants to make voice tech more inclusive is Project Q. It is a gender-neutral voice assistant expected to be launched in 2020. "Current voice technology is gendered," says Ryan Sherman, of Project Q. "Siri or Google Assistant mainly start out as female by default（默认）, so we asked a question: why do we gender AI? Research shows that female voices are more compliant. Male voice indicate superiority are intelligence. All voice tech only offers two options."Project Q launched in 2019 with a prototype voice developed by non-binary（非二元性别的）linguists. They asked a sample of 4,500 people from across Europe whether it sounded maleor female. The answers were split 50/50. "We want this voice to be used in voice assistantsbut also in metro stations, games, etc. There is huge potential," says Sherman.Other companies are also trying to diversify voice tech. Mozilla launched the Common Voice project in 2019 to find global voices to help diversify AI speech. "Companies thatstarted years ago with voice recognition often got their data from public radio," said Katharina Borchert, from Mozilla. "Those were mostly male, native speakers with really trained voices. There are not a lot of female understanding women. So the larger the diversity of speakers, the greater the quality in the end."The BBC is developing a voice assistant called Beeb to be launched in 2020, designed to respond to users' requests. Mukul Devichand, executive editor of voice and AI, says it is also looking at how to respond better to regional accents. "We've been involving people from all corners of the country to make sure that our conversation assistant represents regional accents," he says.Dr Saul Albert, of Loughborough University, is not sure that there projects give full assistance and highlights one area that needs attention. "Amazon, Google and other technologycompanies are going to have to involve disabled people in design," he says. "There are standard features in products like the Google Home and the Amazon Echo, as well as Google's Euphonia project, which learns the voice patterns of users with speech impairments（障碍）."Dr Leigh Clark, of Swansea University, is more optimistic, but he says there are still important things to remember when developing some of these projects: "If we havegender-neutral voices, do these become the norm or do these become another option for the user to choose?"63.The products like Alexa and Siri were criticized, because .A.their voices got from Europeans were split into half male and half femaleB.they had difficulty recognizing women and those with regional accentsC.regional accents and gender-neutral voice assistants were includedD.they boasted about the great efficiency of their voice assistants64.How did the companies solve the problems of understanding women?A.By launching Project Q and developing Beeb.B.By collecting voice data from public radios.C.By adding regional accents to the data base.D.By diversifying voice tech with global voices.65.What's the principle of designing voice assistants?A.V oice assistants mainly started out as female by default.B.Standard features must be included in voice assistants.C.The more diverse the speakers, the greater the quality in the end.ers with speech impairments can't have the priority in design.66.What's the best title of this passage?A.Expecting new developments in voice tech.B.Responding to users with speech impairments.C.Solving the problem of understanding women.D.Developing voice assistants for metro stations.56-59 BCBD 60-62 CDB 63-66 BDCA上海市青浦区2021届高三英语上学期期末质量检测英语试卷Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Alex Elman runs a big business — something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties. But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success.Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard in western Massachusetts in 1981. It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life. When she was 27 years old, she went blind due to complications from Juvenile diabetes(青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago. She recalled, “I hid in my home. I hid in the place, to me, that was the safest place in the world.”Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines, a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world: Chianti from Italy, Torrontes from Argentina. Elman doesn’t work alone. Her assistant, a guide dog named Hanley, is something of a wine taster, and quite a beggar. Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does, from South America to Europe.At first, Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog. Now it’s hard to imagine her life, or her business, without him. She said, “When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it, I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine, he’ll actually go in and sniff it. If it’s not right, he’ll turn his head away … He gets in the dirt with me. He scratches around. He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies. That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic, that there are no chemicals.”Elman told CBS News she believe s the loss of her vision was a gift. She said, “It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal, you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff. Don’t sweat t he big stuff either.”56. From Para.2, we know that Elman ______.A. got through her hard days in the vineyardB. liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhoodC. suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years oldD. lost her sight while helping with farm work in 198157. Hanley is described as “quite a beggar” because ______.A. it is a guide dogB. it is capable of drinkingC. it wins permission to be with ElmanD. it travels all over the world58. Whenever Elman couldn’t judge the wine exactl y, she would ______.A. make Hanley drink itB. turn to Hanley for adviceC. order Hanley to head awayD. have another taste herself59. According to the passage, which of the following will Elman most probably agree with?A. There is no royal road to success.B. A single tree does not make a forest.C. The eye is blind if the mind is absent.D. When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.(B)Serena Williams Biography (1981–)Who Is Serena Williams?Serena Williams is an American professional tennis player who has held the top spot in the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA) rankings numerous times over her career. She won her first major championship in 1999 and completed the career Grand Slam in 2003. Along with her individual success, Serena has teamed with sister Venus Williams to win a series of doubles titles. Early Life and FamilySerena Williams was born on September 26, 1981, in Saginaw, Michigan. The youngest of Richard’s five daughters, Serena and her sister Venus would grow up to become g reat tennis champions. Serena’s father —a former sharecropper from Louisiana determined to see his two youngest girls succeed —used what he’d collected from tennis books and videos to instruct Serena and Venus on how to play the game. At the age of three, practicing on a court not far from the family’s new Compton, California, home, Serena endured the hardship of daily two-hour demanding practices from her father.The Williams SistersWith their signature style and play, Venus and Serena changed the look of their sport. Their sheer power and athletic ability overwhelmed opponents, and their sense of style and presence made them standout celebrities on the court. The close-knit sisters lived together for more than a dozen years in a gated Palm Beach Gardens region in Florida, but they went their separate ways after Serena bought a mansion in nearby Jupiter in December 2013. In 1999, Serena beat out her sister Venus in their race to the family’s first Grand Slam win when she captured the U.S. Open title. It set the stage for a run of high-powered, high-profile victories for both Williams sisters.‘The Serena Slam’In 1995 Serena turned pro. In 2002, Serena won the French Open, the U.S. Open, and Wimbledon, defeating sister Venus in the finals of each tournament. She captured her first Australian Open in 2003, making her one of only six women in the Open era to complete a career Grand Slam. The win also fulfilled her desire to hold all four major titles at the same time to make up what she’d called “The Serena Slam.”60. What can we learn about the Williams sisters from the passage?A. Serena lives together with Venus.B. Serena and Venus are twin sisters.C. The Williams sisters outstood beyond their talents.D. Serena defeated Venus winning her first championship.61. According to the 2nd and 3rd parts of the passage, which statement is true?A. Serena used to receive very strict training when she was a child.B. The Williams sisters managed to copy their opponents styles.C. Serena bought herself a house at the age of 30 in Michigan.D. Serena and Venus are hostile to each other.62. What does “The Serena Slam” mean according to the passage?A. Serena won her first Australian Open in 2003.B. Serena won the championships in the four Open in a row.C. Serena defeated her sister Venus in the finals of each tournament.D. Serena became the first in the Open era to complete a career Grand Slam.(C)One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches(雀) resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers(莺) exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off(权衡) has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法), trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest。

2021年上海中国中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI truly thought thatI might die that day. Had I not seen three bears and a few wolves over the last couple of days near the road, I might have just lain down and called it quits. What in the world was I thinking, dragging my bike up to Yellowstone and thinking I could ride from West Yellowstone to Old Faithful in the snow? No less!I had planned this trip for more than two months, and I wasn't about to give up so easily. The first few miles were beautiful. Ten miles in, I started sucking wind. Fifteen miles and my legs felt like they were made of lead. By twenty miles, my lungs were burning and felt like there was nothing left in the tank. That was when I turned around and saw my husband and three children cheering me on in the van behind me. I knew I couldn't quit because I tell my children all the time that just because something is hard doesn't mean that you stop doing it. I had to live what I'd been preaching(说教). That thought got me up that mountain and to the end of the ride.The importance of that ride was apparent after only a week. My eight-year-old daughter Emalee wanted to ride in a twelve-mile charity ride. That day was cold as well. She was the youngest rider. About four miles into the ride, she started feeling cold. The chill(寒冷)was making her muscles cramp a little and she began to struggle. By six miles, she had tears running down her face. It broke my heart to see her suffering like that.I told herthat she didn't have to finish. She said that she wouldn't quit. I told her how I had wanted to quit the week before, but perseverance had gotten me to the end and I knew she could do it, too.The look on her face as she pulled into the finish was priceless. She threw her arms around me and said, “You didn't quit, Mommy, so neither did I.”1. What motivated the author to finish her ride?A. Her family's encouragement.B. Her own instruction for children.C. The beautiful scenery and weather.D. The careful and thorough preparation.2. By describing the conditions Emalee met, the author wanted to________.A. show her guilt for her daughterB. prove that riding is a tough taskC. persuade her daughter to give upD. indicate she was proud of Emalee3. What does the author want to tell us according to the story?A. Never say die.B. Do nothing by halves.C. Children are what the mothers are.D. Every mother's child is handsome.BIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries on top of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun，the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants4. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands5. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.6. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the FutureCWhen you think of the icy Arctic Ocean, do you picture cold blue waters, on which float (漂浮) icebergs home to animals and fish not seen elsewhere on the planet? Think again, or rather add 300 billion pieces of plastic (塑料) to your picture. That's the amount of plastic that scientists believe is floating around the Arctic Ocean. Most of the plastic is in the area to the east of Greenland and north of Scandinavia.Where did it come from? After all, the lands near the Arctic are not really full of people. It turns out that ocean currents are carrying plastic thrown into the ocean all the way to the Arctic. An ocean current is an unending movement of sea water from one point to another. It is caused by several things including heat from the Sun, wind and movement of the Earth.Many of these plastic pieces seem to have travelled for years before reaching the Arctic. This was worked out by scientists studying the plastic problem after they observed the condition of the pieces. While much plastic floats on top of the water, a lot also may be on the sea floor.Plastic has been widely used for 60 years on Earth and our careless throwing of plastic things is slowly turning the once perfectly clean Arctic into a dangerous place. Unlike food waste and plant waste, plastic doesn't breakdown so easily. In fact the United States Environment Protection Organization reports that “every bit of plastic ever made still exists”.What's the effect? Seabirds, sea turtles and other ocean creatures could get hurt and die when they accidentallyswallowplastic. Plastic waste affects fishing, affecting people who earn money through fishing. Plastics can let out dangerous poisons (毒物) into the water. These may be swallowed by fish, and when these fish are caught and eaten by people or bigger animals, they could get poisoned too!8. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Arctic Ocean is heavily polluted.B. The plastic is mostlyin the area in the east of Greenland.C. An ocean current is just caused by the movement of the earth.D. Much more plastic floats on top of the water.9. Which of the following doesn't contribute to the plastic ocean?A. Humans throw away plastic things at will.B. Ocean currents carry plastic things everywhere.C. Plastic can let out harmful things into the water.D. Plastic is hard to break down.10. What does the underlined word “swallow” in the last Paragraph mean?A. Break down.B. Take in.C. Accept.D. Touch.11. What's the best title of the text?A. Are Men to Blame for Plastic Ocean?B. Arctic Ocean and Its Future!C. Is Plastic Harmful?D. Arctic Ocean or Plastic Ocean?DWhen Jennifer Doudna was in sixth grade, she came home one day to find that her dad had lefta book titled The Double Helix on her bed. She put it aside, thinking it was one of those detective tales she loved.On a rainy Saturday, she picked up the book. As she sped through the pages, she became fascinated by the drama, which encouraged her to explore nature's wonders. Even though her high school teacher told her that girls didn't become scientists, she decided she would.She worked with a biologist, Charpentier, to turn a curiosity of nature into an invention—an easy-to-use tool that can edit DNA. Known as Crispr, the tool will transform the human race. James Watson, the author of TheDouble Helix, later told her it was the most important biological advance: since he and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA.For this achievement, Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020. Until now, only five women, beginning with Marie Curie in 1911, had won or shared the Nobel for Chemistry out of 184 award winners. When this year's prize was announced, Dr. Charpentier said it would provide a message specifically to young girls who would like to follow the path of science and to show them that women can also be awarded prizes.A few decades from now, if it becomes possible and sate to edit DNA, should we allow parents to improve the IQ and physical strength of their kids? Should we let them decide eye color1 ? Skin color1 ? Height? After helping to discover Crispr, Dr. Doudna has become a leader in considering these moral issues. That's the main message we should take from this Nobel: New technologies can be a huge benefit to the human race, but in order to make sure they are used wisely, it's important for people to understand them.12. Jennifer Doudna decided to become a scientist because,__________A. her father pushed herB. a book inspired herC. her teacher encouraged herD. James Watson motivated her13. Dr. Doudna was awarded the Nobel Prize because,__________.A. she wrote the book “The Double Helix"B. she discovered the structure of DNAC. she is a hardworking woman scientistD. she helped invent a tool for editing DNA14. According to passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. The two women's success will inspire more girls to be devoted to science.B. Since 1911, there have been 184 people who won the Nobel for chemistry.C. If girls follow the path of science, they will surely achieve their goals.D. Crispr will make a big difference to the human race.15. Which words can best describe Jennifer Doudna?A. Determined and responsible.B. Ambitious and humorous.C. Cruel and indifferent.D. Fearless and stubborn.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Upon reflection of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive”sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me.Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms —and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.Though I consider “ Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context.63.From the author’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent .A.it would bring him benefits or harmsB.his act is constructive or destructiveC.he would modify his destructive behaviorD.his destructive result might bring about64.The author mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that .A.killing someone is definitely termed a destructive actB.killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive actC.the majority of people would agree to kill HitlerD.definitions of social code decide our values and principles65.What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?A.Construction and destruction can advance social developments.B.Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.C.What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.D.Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Wrong or Right of Social Moral CodeB.Ideal Social Moral CodeC.Judgment of Construction or DestructionD.How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context答案：63—66ADDBA new study suggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition.More than 400,000 Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American technology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New Orleans, Louisiana.The researchers looked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called “a-fib”, the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in their heartbeat, while others do not. Because of this, many people do not know they have the condition. People with untreated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke (中风). In the United States, a-fib causes an estimated 130,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations each year.People taking part in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. The devices contain an app that continuously gathers information without users having to do anything. It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat.The researchers said that out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects ( 实验对象) received a warning from the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat.Lloyd Minor, head of Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future. “This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said.But some health researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectiveness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said.Other experts agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended.63.What does the new study mainly find out?A. Apple Watch can warn of heart problems.B. Apple Watch can protect people against a-fib.C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke.D. Heart problems can be identified and cured.64.Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by .A. measuring the w earer’s heart ratesB. sending information to the wearer through an appC. extending the time of wearing itD. monitoring the wearer’s bloodstream65.Which of the following might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement?A.It’s difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now.B.A-fib is just one example of a condition that causes heart problems.C.Wearable technologies might identify and treat any disease one day.D.There are more possibilities of development in wearable technology.66.It can be concluded from the passage that .A.wearable technologies are developing fast but shouldn’t be applied to medicineB.the study results are inspiring but more proofs are needed to ensure the accuracyC.the study is sponsored by a commercial company so the results are a little unfairD.device-based health observation systems are convenient and should be widely used答案：63. A 64. D 65. D 66. BThe two-hour show on March 25, 2019 put on by Tim Cook may be remembered as a milestone for the company –and the entertainment industry. Mr. Cook did not announce his company’s latest device. Instead, he unveiled a set of products and services, including video streaming (在线播放), news games and even a credit card.Apple’s 900 million iPhones worldwid e grant it access to a massive potential audience. Analysts speculate that Apple will eventually offer them something similar to Amazon Prime, where customers pay a fixed monthly fee for some combination of news, games, cloud storage, music and video, and which could possibly connect with the company’s iPhone subscriptions (订阅).Apple TV+, which got prioritized by Mr. Cook, will offer original programming in more than 100 countries. The money Apple plans to spend on original shows – perhaps $1 billion to $2 billion thus far – is dwarfed by that of Netflix, which will spend as much as $15 billion this year on original and licensed content, or Disney, whose own video-streaming is expected shortly. But Apple’s high-profile shows are for now meant chiefly to draw customers to its universe of apps and services. That includes subscription services for games, a long list of big American magazines and a few newspapers. You can pay for it all using your new Apple Card, developed with bankers at Goldman Sachs (高盛，著名投资银行). The credit card puts Apple in direct competition with banks: it has no fees and will give users 2% cash back on purchases made via Apple Pay, the company’s payments system – or 3% on purchases of Apple kit and service.Although Apple continues to earn most of its money from devices, its business in services is growing quickly, accounting for nearly $40 billion of revenues of $266 billion in 2018. The new subscription offering, which is easier to click and buy than their predecessors (先前版本), should accelerate that trend. Its new partners hope to be along for the ride. Analysts at Goldman Sachs estimated that Apple may turn 10% of the 85 million monthly users of its free News app into paying subscribers, wining a cut of newspaper and TV subscriptions sold through its services.Some content providers are cautious. The New York Times and The Washington Post have rejected Apple’s advances on behalf of its news service. Netflix and Disney will not take part in Apple TV+, which they view as more a threat than an opportunity.63.The underlined word dwarfed in paragraph 3 most probably means .A. made to appear insignificantB. reduced to a great extentC. limited to a fixed scaleD. grown to its full potential64.We can infer from the article that .A.Apple invested heavily in its entertainment services along with its latest devicesB.Apple Card may be favoured because it offers discounts on purchases of Apple productsC.The popularity of Apple devices may bring forth huge profit potentials in its new serviceD.Apple’s new move is seen as an opportunity as well as a threat by its competitors65.What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?A.What action Apple might take to attract potential subscribers.B.Who might gain huge benefits from Apple’s new service.C.How Goldman Sachs won the support from Mr. Tim Cook.D.Why some companies are alert to Apple’s strategy changes.66.What is the best title for this article?A. Tech Giant Apple Stages New MovesB. A Great Challenge to the Entertainment IndustryC. The Entertainment Industry Calls for CooperationD. A New Bottleneck for Tech Giant Apple答案：63-66 ACDAAllan T. Demaree, a retired executive editor of Fortune magazine, gladly makes donations to Princeton University, his alma mater. His son, who also went to Princeton, points to its endowment (捐赠基金) of $15.8 billion, and will not give it a penny.“Why give money to an institution that can seemingly live off its interest when other very deserving entities need money to function tomorrow?” asked the son, Heath Demaree, a professor at Case Western Reserve University who instead donates to Virginia Tech, where he was a graduate student. His question captures how the wealth collected by elite universities like Princeton through soaring endowments over the past decade has widened the divide between a small group of dramaticly wealthy universities and all others.The result is that America’s already stratified (形成阶层的) system of higher education is becoming ever more so, and the gap is creating all sorts of tensions as the less wealthy colleges try to compete. Even state universities are going into fund-raising overdrive and trying to increase endowments to catch up.The wealthiest colleges can tap their endowments to give considerable financial aid to families earning $180,000 or more. They can tempt star professors with high salaries and hard-to-get apartments. They are starting advanced new research laboratories, expanding their campuses and putting up architecturally notable buildings.Higher education has always been stratified, but the differences were never as large as today. The last decade brought a sea change, as skilled money managers hired by the universities moved their portfolios ( 投资组合) into high-performing investments, and endowments skyrocketed.Until recently, top public research universities could rely on enough public subsidy (补贴) to hold their own, when the taxpayer money was combined with tuition and fund-raising. But that world is changing.The University of California, Berkeley has a $3 billion endowment, but it is stretched across 34,000 students. And with state budget cuts approaching, Robert Birgeneau, its president, fears he will no longer be able to attract the best professors and students.“It will cost less for a student from a family with an income of $180,000 to go to Harvard than for a student with a family income of $90,000 to go to Berkeley,” he said, taking into account Harvard’s recent decision to give more financial aid to families earning up to $180,000 annually.63.What do we learn about Heath Demaree?A.He donated to Virginia Tech.B.He donated as much as his father.C.He donated to Princeton University.D.He donated to Case Western Reserve University.64.What is said about state universities?A.They are expanding their campuses.B.They are raising funds to increase endowments.C.They manage to attract elite professors and students.D.They are starting sophisticated new research laboratories.65.What can we learn about top public research universities at present?A.They can not hold their own just with state support.B.The taxpayer money is combined with tuition and fund-raising.C.Despite possible state budget cut, they do not need more endowment.D.They can depend on enough public subsidy to lure professors and students.66.What’s the best title for the passage?A. Upsides and Downsides of EndowmentsB. Harvard or Berkeley?C. Endowments Widen a Higher Education GapD. Farewell to Stratified Endowments答案：63-66: ABACIn the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today—that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not supernatural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates’ theories was of the ‘four humours’, a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body—blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile(a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body’s internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using careful observation and logical thought.Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal—he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation and discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also a believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements—fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with an organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks’ idea of four base elements (air, water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the 18th century. They were: -Blood from the liver: associated with Spring; with courage and hope-Phlegm from brain and lungs: Winter; calm and unemotional-Yellow bile from gall bladder (胆囊): Summer; anger and bad temper-Black bile from spleen(脾脏): Autumn; with blue and dark mood63.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient w orld.B.The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their r esponsibilities.C.Hippocrates thought disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D.Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64.The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that .A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was not evenly balancedC. the patient was in a bad humourD. too much blood was bad for people65.How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A.He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B.He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C.He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D.He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66.Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine?A.He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B.He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C.He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations.D.He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms.答案：63-66 DBCDThe Australian environment department has not finalised a single recovery plan for threatened species in nearly 18 months. The last time the department completed a recovery plan was in June last year. And the department says it has no time frame for addressing the other requests for recovery plans, which include the critically endangered animal Leadbeater’s possum (澳洲负鼠).Recovery plans are documents that outline key facts about endangered animals and plants, threats to their survival, and what should be done to prevent their extinction. Under national laws, it is the environment minister who decides whether a species requires a recovery plan. Once a plan is adopted, the minister cannot make any changes that might harm the plan. It has been previously reported that less than 40% of the listed threatened species have a recovery plan. A further 10% have been identified as requiring a recovery plan but those plans haven’t been developed.The Australian Conservation Foundation said the exposure was “shocking” and accused the department of prioritizing the economic development over environmental protection. “The fact that iconic (最具代表性的) species like the possum still don’t have a recovery plan highlights how broken the system is,” James Trezise, a policy analyst at the Foundation, said. “It is a critical issue that the development and implementation of these plans seem to be optional. These plans should be developed, as required by law, and their implementation should be funded.”Trezise said the significant delay in developing the plans stood “in sharp contrast” to the government’s rush to carry out environmental assessments for major projects li ke the one for the mining company Rio Tinto. “The department’s priorities are all wrong,” he said. “They can bring bills before the congress for mining projects that harm the environment, but they can’t get just one recovery plan for a threatened species c ompleted.”He said the delays would push more species closer to extinction. He called on the government to urgently address the issue and commit more resources to recovery planning. But for now, officials could not tell when the delays would be addressed, saying it would “take a very long time”. Emma Campbell, a senior official, said the department was working with an independent scientific committee to “reevaluate” which species should have a recovery plan.63.The underlined phrase “the exposure” (Line 1, Para 3) refers to .A.the coming extinction of many endangered animalsB.the lack of funding for the implementation of the planC.the denial of the critical situation facing some speciesD.the government’s delay in developing recovery plans64.Which of the following is TRUE about recovery plans?A.They can be changed as the environment minister likes.B.They can help prevent endangered animals from going extinct.C.They document how endangered animals interact with humans.D.They cover more than half of the threatened species.65.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The government has not done enough about the recovery plans.B.The endangered animal possum will be extinct in 18 months.C.The government prioritizes Rio Tinto over mining projects.D.The independent committee is vital to addressing the issue.66.What might be the best title of the passage?A. Environment department accepting bribesB. Endangered animal protection with no fundingC. Threatened species at risk with no recovery plansD. Government forming tense relationship with the public答案：63-66 DBAC7.金山区(C)A recent survey conducted by the Pew Research Centre showed that a mere 16% of Americans think that a four-year degree course prepares students very well for a high-paying job in the modern economy. But technology also seems to be complicating the picture.A paper published by a trio (三人小组) of Canadian economists, Paul Beaudry, David Green and Benjamin Sand, questions optimistic assumptions about demand for non-routine work and shows that since 2000 the share of employment accounted for by high-skilled jobs in America has been falling. This analysis supports the view that technology has come as a blow to employment. Skilled and unskilled workers alike are in trouble. Those with a better education are still more likely to find work, but there is now a fair chance that it will be unenjoyable. Those who never made it to college face being squeezed out of the workforce altogether. This is the argument of the techno-pessimists.There is another, less pessimistic possibility. James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, finds that since 1980 employment has been growing faster in occupations that use computers than in those that do not. Partial automation can actually increase demand by reducing costs. But even though technology may not destroy jobs in all, it does force change upon many people.In many occupations it has become essential to acquire new skills as established ones become out-of-date. Burning Glass Technologies, a Boston-based startup that analyses labor markets by obtaining data from online job advertisements, finds that the biggest demand is for new combinations of skills—what its boss, Matt Sigelman, calls “hybrid jobs”. The composition of new jobs is also changing rapidly.A college degree at the start of a working career does not answer the need for the continuous acquisition of new skills, especially as career spans (持续时间) are lengthening. Vocational training is good at giving people job-specific skills, but those, too, will need to be updated over and over again during a career lasting decades. Vocational training has a role, but training someone early to do one thing all their lives is not the answer to lifelong learning.Add all of this up, and it becomes clear that times have got tougher for workers of all kinds. A college degree is still a prerequisite (必备条件) for many jobs, but employers often do not trust it enough to hire workers just on the strength of that, without experience. In many occupations workers on company payrolls face the prospect that their existing skills will become outdated, yet it is often not obvious how they can gain new ones.63.We can learn from the paper conducted by the Canadian economists that .A.employment has been shaken by technologyB.college degree is a necessity in career successC.skilled workers are no longer required in most American industriesD.techno-pessimism paves the way for future technology development64.James Bessen believes that .A.increased demand can bring about cost reductionB.progressive automation is beneficial to companiesC.technology advancement has a positive impact on most peopleputer has always been an essential factor in employment65.Burning Glass Technologies is mentioned as an example to show that .A.online job advertisements require a precise data analysisB.acquisition of new skills is essential in current job marketC.the composition of new jobs is shaped by technologyD.Matt Sigelman predicts a bright future of job market66.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Lifelong Learning: an Economic PriorityB. Technology Revolution: the Way to SuccessC. College Degree: a Guarantee for Career ChangeD. Vocational Training: a Blessing for Job Seekers答案：63-66 ABBA(C)If you’ve ever taken a class in drawing, painting or pottery and in spite of your best effort, couldn’t make the final result look anything like the model shown, you may have thought, “I don’t have a creative bone in my body.”According to some scientists, who for the past 20 years have put the elusive subject of creativity through the rigors of research, you are underrating yourself. Da Vinci you may never be, but when it comes to creativity, we are all somewhat blessed. It’s learning to foster this unique tool of extraordinary productivity, and then applying it in everything you do, that counts to tellyou from figures like Da Vinci.“Even if we don’t have the good fortune to discover a new chemical element or write a g reat story, the love of the creative process for its own sake is available to all,” says Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention.Most people believe the realm of creativity has been awarded to those perceived to have special talent. We look upon these “creative geniuses,” as we often call them, with awe and a bit of envy. Their abilities, most people assume, are bestowed by good genes, or, as if in Greek mythology, from some kind of divine inspiration.There is no argument that the world is never short of highly talented and creative people. They are masters of their trades and stand heads-and-shoulders above commoners, making new pathways for others to follow, and providing greater context and understanding of our world. It could be said that without creativity humanity would not evolve so rapidly.But like a publicly recognized creative baseball player who hones his skill through years of continuous training, foregoing other pursuits for the sole passion, people who show the slightest reluctance for arduous labor are bound to witness their boasted ability disappear.After closely studying 91 creative and influential people, including novelists, playwrights, composers, musicians and scientists, Csikszentmihalyi concludes that no one would ignore the sweat they shed and their almost insane willingness to follow their creative endeavor to the very end, wherever that may be. These are the very things we all can master, so long as we’d like to.63.It’s widely believed that creativity comes from .A.good training people receive from artistic classesB.the tool we learn from masters like Da VinciC.the inborn genes or relevant gifts.D.certain Greek historical textbooks64.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?mon people rather than creative ones lead in various professions.B.People’s admiration of geniuses makes humanity develop quickly.C.The field of baseball requires more gifts than hard work.D.The essence of creativity lies in devotion and effort65.The underlined word foregoing is closest in meaning to .A. giving upB. combiningC. referring toD. extending66.What is the passage mainly about?A.How ordinary people and scientists view things differently.B.People’s misunderstanding of creativity and its true nature.C.The reasons for the development of various trades and humanity.D.Ordinary people’s unwillingness to follow the examples of creative ones.答案：63-66 CDAB。

2021宝山一模(C)Upon reflection of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive.We can decide if something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me.Another nuance to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles.Additionally, construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seenas a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct? It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens.Though I consider “Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context.63.From the author’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent ________ .A. it would bring him benefits or harmsB. he would modify his destructive behaviorC. his act is constructive or destructiveD. his destructive result might bring about64.The author mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that ________.A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive actB. the majority of people would agree to kill HitlerC. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive actD. definitions of social code decide our values and principles65.What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply?A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments.B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others.C. What a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive.D. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct.66.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral CodeB. Judgment of Construction or DestructionC. Ideal Social Moral CodeD. How to Live One’s Life in a Social ContextKey: 63—66 ADDB2021黄浦一模(C)In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today—that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not supernatural, explanations.Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates’ theories was of the ‘four humours’, a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body—blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile(a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat).Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body’s internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using careful observation and logical thought.Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal—he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation and discovered that evaporation, the process of becominga vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also a believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements—fire, earth, water and air.Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with an organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks’ idea of four base elements (air, water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the 18th century. They were:-Blood from the liver: associated with Spring; with courage and hope- Phlegm from brain and lungs: Winter; calm and unemotional- Yellow bile from gall bladder (胆囊): Summer; anger and bad temper- Black bile from spleen(脾脏): Autumn; with blue and dark mood63. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world.B. The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities.C. Hippocrates thought disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body.D. Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought.64. The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that ____________.A. the blood was polluted by virusesB. the human body was not evenly balancedC. the patient was in a bad humourD. too much blood was bad for people65. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water?A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view.B. He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories.C. He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself.D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements.66. Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine?A. He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world.B. He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods.C. He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations.D. He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms.Key: 63-66 DBCD2021崇明一模(C)A new study suggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition.More than 400,000 Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American technology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New Orleans, Louisiana.The researchers looked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called “a-fib”, the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in their heartbeat, while others do not. Because of this, many people do not know they have the condition. People with untreated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke(中风). In the United States, a-fib causes an estimated 130,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations each year.People taking part in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. The devices contain an app that continuously gathers information without users having to do anything. It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat.The researchers said that out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects (实验对象) received a warning from the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat.Lloyd Minor, head of Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future.“This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said.But some health researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectiveness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said.Other experts agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended.63. What does the new study mainly find out?A. Apple Watch can warn of heart problems.B. Apple Watch can protect people against a-fib.C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke.D. Heart problems can be identified and cured.64. Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by _____.A. measuring the wearer’s heart ratesB. sending information to the wearer through an appC. extending the time of wearing itD. monitoring the wearer’s bloodstream65. Which of the following might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement?A. It’s difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now.B. A-fib is just one example of a condition that causes heart problems.C. Wearable technologies might identify and treat any disease one day.D. There are more possibilities of development in wearable technology.66. It can be concluded from the passage that _____.A. wearable technologies are developing fast but shouldn’t be applied to medicineB. the study results are inspiring but more proofs are needed to ensure the accuracyC. the study is sponsored by a commercial company so the results are a little unfairD. device-based health observation systems are convenient and should be widely usedKey: 63. A64. D65. D66. B2021徐汇一模CThe State-Of-The-Art-Tech Behind Fighting FiresHow are today’s firefighters dealing with massive wildfires? They’re doing it by using the most advanced technology. Whether it’s with a modified jumbo jet or innovative thermal(热的) imaging cameras, we take a look at the tech behind fighting some of the world’s most overwhelming fires.Teams fighting against the California wildfires used the Global SuperTanker – a modified jumbo jet that carries almost 73,000 liters (19,200 gallons) of fire retardant(阻燃剂) – alongside the S-64 Aircrane heavy-lifting helicopter, which carries 10,000 liters (2,200 gallons) of water.These air tankers are used to put out flames and monitor fire spread through sensors and video feeds coupled to GPS data. Fed into hi-tech computer modelling software, they can help predict the fire’s behavior and possible spread patterns. Computer models are able to provide small area coverage only meters wide, mapping territory and airflow. Fires are especially responsive to wind conditions and these tools allow firefighters to determine the passage of flames at ground level.But manned aircrafts need a large investment in maintenance and crew training. Command and control centers are turning to unmanned aircraft to keep costs down and provide additional capabilities. Small quadcopters(四旋翼机) and larger fixed-wing aircraft can fly over fires for much longer periods.Smoke can cover the ground for days at a time or pose a severe breathing risk to air crews – However, this is not a problem for drones. Onboard high definition, infrared(红外辐射的) and thermal imaging cameras can provide direction to ground teams, spot vital infrastructure (including power or water lines), and identify dangerous or flammable objects.Infrared and thermal cameras can see through smoke to monitor ground teams and let them know when conditions change. Unmanned aircraft can provide aerial images, heat maps, and temperature scales of fire zones. Specialist drones can even carry hoses to less accessible areas. In the future, swarms of autonomous drones could be used to track wildfires and spot fire spread.Thermal imaging technology has become widespread and less expensive to use. Handheld cameras and devices that attach to smartphones allow firefighters to see through smoke and find active fire hotspots, or undergrowth that is burning without producing smoke.Identifying these hotspots allows crews to target the most active and dangerous parts of a wildfire and divert manpower to tackle it more effectively.Augmented reality helmets that include breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided displays are adding to the ground team’s capabilities. Thermal cameras inside the helmets mean that firefighters can operate in environments completely obscured by smoke. At the same time, they can wirelessly transmit information on what is happening at the frontline to command and control points.Robots are also making a difference. The Smokebot was developed by a Swedish university to assist fire and rescue services. It collects data in environments with reduced visibility using radar, a laser scanner, a thermal camera and gas sensors. Smokebot can help in forest fire situations mapping large areas filled with dust or smoke, where it is too risky to send in rescue personnel.Earth-observing satellites commonly detect wildfires in wilderness areas. Their cameras and remote sensors are used to estimate the fire’s evolution and provide situational awareness that saves lives.The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi NPP satellite gives near real-time data to NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) on active fires across the world.Finally, to get the bigger picture on fire tracking and monitoring, the US Forest Service and US Geological Survey uses data from the Landsat Earth-observing satellites. Data gathered from every major fire in the country since 1984 has been fed into computer models to help predict and prevent wildfires.63. What does the underlined “they”, in the third paragraph, refer to?A. Current firefighters tackling massive wildfires.B. The modified jumbo jets and art thermal imaging cameras.C. The data gained from sensors and video feeds, plus GPS information.D. The air tankers used to put out flames and monitor fire spread.64. Which of the following is not the advantages of drones over manned aircrafts in tackling massive wildfires?A. Drones don’t need much fuel when putting out wildfires and identifying the causes of fires.B. Less money is needed in training crews when drones are available.C. Drones won’t come across any breathing problems when in work.D. Drones needs much less investment in maintenance.65. Which of the following advanced technologies is not mentioned in the passage?A. Swarms of autonomous drones used to extinguish wildfires from air.B. AR helmets with breathing appliance alongside computer vision-aided.C. Drones with high definition, infrared and thermal imaging cameras onboard.D. Earth-observing satellites equipped with cameras and remote sensors.66. Which of the following statements about Smokebot is true?A. It was created by a Swiss university to assist fire and rescue services.B. It can help to send rescue personnel to a fire spot.C. It can help draw a map of large areas and fill the regions with dust or smoke.D. It collects data using advanced technology where visibility is reduced due to fires. Key: 63-66 CAAD2021虹口一模(C)Allan T. Demaree, a retired executive editor of Fortune magazine, gladly makes donations to Princeton University, his alma mater. His son, who also went to Princeton, points to its endowment (捐赠基金) of $15.8 billion, and will not give it a penny.“Why give money to an institution that can seemingly live off its interest when other very deserving entities need money to function tomorrow?” asked the son, Heath Demaree, a professor at Case Western Reserve University who instead donates to Virginia Tech, where he was a graduate student. His question captures how the wealth collected by elite universities like Princeton through soaring endowments over the past decade has widened the divide between a small group of dramaticly wealthy universities and all others.The result is that America’s already stratified(形成阶层的) system of higher education is becoming ever more so, and the gap is creating all sorts of tensions as the less wealthy colleges try to compete. Even state universities are going into fund-raising overdrive and trying to increase endowments to catch up.The wealthiest colleges can tap their endowments to give considerable financial aid to families earning $180,000 or more. They can tempt star professors with high salaries and hard-to-get apartments. They are starting advanced new research laboratories, expanding their campuses and putting up architecturally notable buildings.Higher education has always been stratified, but the differences were never as large as today. The last decade brought a sea change, as skilled money managers hired by the universities moved their portfolios (投资组合) into high-performing investments, and endowments skyrocketed.Until recently, top public research universities could rely on enough public subsidy (补贴) to hold their own, when the taxpayer money was combined with tuition and fund-raising. But that world is changing.The University of California, Berkeley has a $3 billion endowment, but it is stretched across 34,000 students. And with state budget cuts approaching, Robert Birgeneau, its president, fears he will no longer be able to attract the best professors and students.“It will cost less for a student from a family with an income of $180,000 to go to Harvard thanfor a student with a family income of $90,000 to go to Berkeley,” he said, taking into account Harvard’s recent decision to give more financial aid to families earning up to $180,000 annually.63. What do we learn about Heath Demaree?A. He donated to Virginia Tech.B. He donated as much as his father.C. He donated to Princeton University.D. He donated to Case Western Reserve University.64. What is said about state universities?A. They are expanding their campuses.B. They are raising funds to increase endowments.C. They manage to attract elite professors and students.D. They are starting sophisticated new research laboratories.65. What can we learn about top public research universities at present?A. They can not hold their own just with state support.B. The taxpayer money is combined with tuition and fund-raising.C. Despite possible state budget cut, they do not need more endowment.D. They can depend on enough public subsidy to lure professors and students.66.What’s the best title for the passage?A. Upsides and Downsides of EndowmentsB. Harvard or Berkeley?C. Endowments Widen a Higher Education GapD. Farewell to Stratified Endowments Key: 63-66: ABAC2021闵行一模(C)The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious.The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social tradition to state their views. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts?In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is “cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles—that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour.In the modern world, with all its complexity, co-operation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent fillings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories.There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers—maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级).The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as “psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant.One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour.63.The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______.A. confirm the popularity of Andersen’s fablesB. argue children’s wisdom over adultsC. indicate the importance of different opinionsD. make fun of the foolishness of some people64.By using the word “hidebound” the author is referring to those who ______.A. close themselves to a fixed mindB. pay more attention to other’s behaviorC. advocate traditional way of thinkingD. hesitate to participate in team activities65.According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team?A. Employing graduates from the same excellent university.B. Appointing senior managers with the right of leading a team.C. Establishing a team with people of various backgrounds.D. Hiring people assembling their chief executives in thoughts.66.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Co-operation and teamwork contribute to the complexity of the world.B. The less identity a person releases the more he is ready to air views.C. Viewpoints from different perspectives are likely to cause conflicts.D. There exists the danger of pecking order in a team led by junior managers.Key: 63. C64. A65. C 66. B2021普陀一模(C)The Victorians’ Way of Having FunWhether it was visiting a human zoo, taking a bull on a hot-air balloon ride, or singing beautiful songs, Victorian Londoners loved to have fun. As performance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways to make money from the capital’s huge potential audience, Victorians effectively invented the modern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and professional football. As a new book by historian Lee Jackson explains, the hunt for profit involves surrounding morality, class and empire. So where did Victorians go for fun? And what still exists today?Dancing Rooms: Argyll Rooms, PiccadillyIt’s now a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rooms lost its licence in 1878, there was a riot (暴乱). Drunken students were so angry at the closure of their favourite place that they took to the streets. The Argyll closed as the dance craze came to an end, and Bignell turned the space into the Trocadero music hall. It kept that name through the 20th century when it was transformed into one of London’s most tasteless tourist attractions. Th e site currently awaits development into a hotel.Pleasure gardens: Gremorne Gardens, ChelseaGremorne was run by three West End pub owners, popular among the young people then. It closed in 1877 after losing its licence. Pleasure gardens more generally lost their meaning of existence with the establishment of public parks. London’s rapid growth meant the valuable land was usually sold to big companies for other purposes, which is why so little of London’s great pleasure gardens remain.Pleasure gardens were also overshadowed by larger exhibition grounds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried to find a way of balancing entertainment with cultural education. Little physically remains of the Crystal Palace itself, which moved to Sydenham from Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grounds still exist as a public park.On the site of the Methodist Central Hall was a short-lived attraction that attempted to transport the seaside to central London. It was railways that made Margate and Southend。

2021届上海市中国中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFilms to watch in MarchGretaA lonely young waitress finds a handbag on aNew Yorksubway train. Luckily, the address is inside, so she returns it to the piano teacher who left it there. She then discovers that the piano teacher makes a habit of dropping bags around the city on purpose to make new friends. Directed by Neil Jordan, the actors are attractive. Grace Moretz is the waitress and Isabelle Huppert is the one who admires her. Thanks to them, Greta winds up being far more enjoyable than it has any right to be.The AftermathThe Aftermath is one of the few World WarⅡ-related films. Based on Rhidian Brook’s novel,this touching romantic movie is starred by Keira Knightley, who is the wife of a British officer. She hates the Germans because her son was killed in an air raid. But is there a chance that a tall, dark andhandsome man might persuade her to overcome her hate?Captain MarvelIt took Marvel Studios a decade to finally make a female superhero. It’s also the first Marvel film to be directed by a woman, who has directed Half Nelson and Missisippi Grind. Captain Marvel is set in the 1990s. The Oscar-winning Brie Larson stars as Carol Danvers, a US Air Force fighter pilot, while Samuel L Jackson, as usual, plays Nick Fury.DumboDumbo is a classic Disney cartoon, who has big ears and there have been plenty of those kind of movies in recent years.Burtonalways has inspirations to direct such kind of movies from Edward Scissorhands to Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. Magical figures have always been his favorite characters.1. What makes Captain Marvel special?A. Winning Oscar.B. Its female director.C. Time setting.D. A woman pilot.2. Which film is better for a 7-year-old kid to watch?A. The AftermathB. Captain MarvelC. GreteD. Dumbo3. Where can you most probably read the text?A. Reader’s DigestB. NatureC. Scientific AmericanD. National GeographicBFairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.4. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?A. They entertain robots.B. They highlight dangers.C. They make robots more intelligent.D. They enable robots to behave morally.5. What is “Quixote” in the text?A. A punishment systemB. A character in literatureC. A big name in technologyD. A software educating robots.6. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?A. To take advantage of its privilege.B. To finish the task most efficiently.C. To perform in a good mannered way.D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper17. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?A. Robots will definitely have more functions.B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.CHave you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time.But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest s, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question.Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study came to a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result.Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five metersapart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice.In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.“It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy.Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior.8. Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors?A. Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits.B. Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study.C. Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview.D. Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class.9. What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study?A. Sharing food.B. Making a choice.C. Comforting others.D. Showing sympathy.10. How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones?A. It was based on controlled lab experiment.B. It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward.C. It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding.D. It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners.11. What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes?A. Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others.B. Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors.C. Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab.D. Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards.DThe history of the flying car is almost as old as that of powered flight itself. It started with the Curtiss Autoplane of 1917, an awkward-looking machine with removable wings. It never left the ground. Later machines made it into the skies but failed to take off commercially. Money is now pouring into flying taxis. On March 30thLilium, a German company that develops them, announced a merger with SPAC, an acquisition company that values it at $3. 3 bn -- a sign that investors think the business will fly.Thanks to better batteries and lightweight materials, some of them are ready to carry passengers. Up to 300 firms are working on short-range battery-powered craft that take off and land vertically. Carmakers, tech companies and others are investing money into the field. The government isoffering a glide pathto certification.America's Federal Aviation Administration is engaged in the process with around 30 firms, says Natasha Santha of LEK, a consulting company.Midway between a cab and a helicopter, flying taxis have distinct advantages over both. Quiet electric motors allow them to operate frequent services. They require only a patch of concrete to land, unlike noisy helicopters, which face severe operating restrictions in most cities. They can fly four or five times faster than a cab can drive and do not get stuck in traffic. Prices can be kept low by ride-sharing. Joby, based inCalifornia, says its five-seater machine will enter commercial service in 2024. The firm calculates the initial cost of around $4 per person per mile may soon fall by 25%. A trip fromManhattanto JFK airport would then cost $30-40 per passenger.The real revolution will come when full autonomy takes out the cost of a pilot. Archer hopes to run such aircraft by 2028. They face fewer obstacles in the air than earth-bound cars do on the road; airliners mostly fly on autopilot as it is. Still, as one industry insider puts it, it is probably best to accustom passengers and regulators to airborne taxis before getting rid of the driver.12. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. The flying car can date back to the 1920s.B. Investors see the potential of the business of the flying car.C. The flying car never left the ground successfully in history.D. A German company has launched a new flying car into the market.13. What does "offering a glide path" in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?A. Giving the green light.B. Providing timely assistance.C. Presenting legal guidance.D. Conducting strict management.14. Which of the following is the strength of flying taxis?A. Costing as little as cabs.B. Saving passengers from the traffic jam.C. Reducing air pollution.D. Having no operating restrictions.15. What can be inferred about the flying taxis from the last paragraph?A. They will develop faster than cars.B. Passengers will quickly get used to taking them.C. The regulators will take measures to promote them.D. Autopilot flying taxis will probably replace those with pilots.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届上海市中国中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BIf you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. Ifyou have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done inAntarctica.Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure.Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?4. What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?A. They will land on Mars in 2023.B. They can get money from donors.C. They will compete in a TV show.D. They do not need special skills.5. What will the first colonists do to solve the basic living problems on Mars?A. Create earth-like conditions.B. Build labs inAntarctica.C. Spin the spaceship.D. Start the Mars500Mission.6. What can the life of the first colonists be like according to the passage?A. Difficult and dangerous.B. Different but adaptable.C. Challenging and unbearable .D. Acceptable but depressing.7. What’s the best title for the text?A. Mars: our final destination?B. Ready to be Mars’ colonists?C. Space travel: a thrilling adventure?D. Are you a qualified Mars astronaut?CLast summer, I spent four months working in France, where the company I was working for put me up in a house that didn’t have Wi-Fi. I wasn’t looking forward to it.I soon discovered, however, that living in a house without Wi-Fi was easier than I expected.Contact between my friends and family was significantly reduced to the odd text message here and there. I couldn’t enjoy my usual web browsing on BBC iPlayer, social media sites, keeping up to date with the news, or even wanting to know the opening hours of shops in the new area I was in.I didn’t, however, spend a full four months without connecting to a Wi-Fi network. It was only a five minute walk to the reception where I could connect for free and spend as much time online as I wanted to at my own leisure. It made me think , though , how unnecessary it can be , how unnecessarily we rely on it—how we perhaps rely on it too much. As a person, I was more sociable. I spent more time with my housemates instead of hiding behind a computer screen. I did other things that I wouldn’t necessarily have done if I could have browsed the web at my leisure. I read more, I cooked meals for my friends, and I even tidied up more often. Dare I say it; I learned how to live without Wi-Fi. Dare I say it; I found it was easier than I had imagined.8. What was the writer’s first feeling when finding her house had no Wi-Fi?A. Unexpected.B. Angry.C. Shocked.D. Depressed.9. How did the writer keep in touch with her friends and family without Wi-Fi?A. By writing regularly.B. By text message.C. By video calls.D. By telegram.10. What was the writer’s life like without Wi-Fi?A. Dull.B. Lonely.C. Active.D. Relaxing.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A life without Wi-FiB. Different views on the InternetC. The disadvantages of Wi-FiD. How to use the InternetDI’ve been putting my passport to good use lately. I use it asa coaster and to level unsteady table legs. It makes an excellent cat toy.Welcome to the pandemic (疫情) of disappointments. Canceled trips or ones never planned in case they would be canceled. Family reunions, study-abroad years, lazy beach vacations. Poof. Gone. Ruined by a tiny virus, the list of countries where our passports are not welcome is long.It is not natural for us to be this sedentary (定居的). Travel is in our genes. For most of the time our species has existed, we've lived as nomadic (游牧的) hunter-gatherers. But what if we can't move? What's a traveler to do? There are ways to answer that question. "Despair," though, is not one of them.We are an adaptive species. We can tolerate brief periods of forced sedentariness. We pass the days glancing through old travel journals and Instagram posts. We gaze at souvenirs. All this helps. For a while. Then, what hope do we have?I think hope lies in the very nature of travel. Travel involves wishful thinking. It demands a leap of faith, and of imagination, to board a plane for some faraway, land. Travel is one of the few activities we engage in not knowing the outcome and are drunk in that uncertainty. Nothing is more forgettable than the trip that goes exactly as planned.That's one reason why I have faith in travel's future. In fact, I'd argue travel is an essential activity. It's not essential the way hospitals and grocery stores are essential. Travel is essential the way books and hugs areessential. Food for the soul. Right now, we're between courses, enjoying where we've been, expecting where we'll go. Maybe it'sZanzibarand maybe it's the campground down the road that you've always wanted to visit.12. From the first paragraph we learn that the author is _______ .A. desperateB. humorousC. boredD. worried13. From the author's perspective, what's the point of travel?A. To feel hopeful.B. To make a wish.C. To take adventures.D. To broaden horizons.14. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By showing evidences.B. By providing examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By interpreting opinions.15. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Where to go for a trip.B. Why people need to travel.C. How to fight the pandemic.D. What people should do at home.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.宝山区SOS message on the sand saves missing sailorsMicronesia is an area of the western Pacific Ocean with more than 600 islands, (21) covers a huge area of ocean north of the large island of New Guinea.Recently, three Micronesian sailors set out to sail 42 km from one Micronesian island to another. Unfortunately, they got (22) (lose), and then they ran out of fuel. After a long time drifting without power in the ocean, they landed on the tiny island of Pikelot, more than 100 km from their destination.Pikelot is just 450 meters long and 280 meters wide. The highest point on Pikelot is only four meters above the sea. No people live there, and there is no water. The little island (23) (cover) in trees and has sandy beaches.Three days after the three sailors set out on their voyage, they did not arrive at their destination, so ships and aircraft in the area began looking for the (24) (miss) men. But it was almost impossible to decide where (25) (look) because there are so many small islands and the ocean is so large. One of the ships was the Australian navy ship HMAS Canberra, which (26) (sail) from Australia to Hawaii and had a helicopter on board.During this time, the three sailors decided to write (27) message on the beach on their tiny island. They wrote a huge SOS in the sand. SOS is an international signal that people use (28) they need help. Luckily, people on an American aircraft saw the SOS message in the sand and contacted the Canberra. A helicopter (29) the ship landed on the beach and gave the men food and water. Soon after, a Micronesian boat arrived and rescued the three sailors. They are very lucky to be alive, and it was the SOS message in the sand (30) saved them.答案：21. which 22. lost 23. is covered 24. missing 25. to look 26. was sailing 27. a28. when 29.from 30. ThatGeography Makes a Silent ReturnIn many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of students (21) (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true. Before the internet, the world was a mysterious place. In many cases, people didn’t really know (22)existed a few miles from home. Studying geography offered people a way to learn about the world.Geography, (23) (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t alw ays been easy. In the days before satellites, mapmaking required years of dangerous and difficult work. But mapping also meant a chance at adventure and fame.Geography became the subject of explorers. People were eager to hear about the new things and places (24) geographers had studied. National Geographic is a great example of this interest. For more than a hundred years, the magazine’s stories and pictures (25) (tell) people about our exciting world.Technology has changed the way people think about geography. Travel is now easy. The internet makes information simple (26) (find). We trust our phones to take us (27) we want to go. Even National Geographic has expanded beyond traditiona l geography, but that doesn’t mean geography has become (28) (important).While some apps are obvious examples of modern geography in action, geography remains important in more subtle (不易察觉的) ways, too. Geography, which helps house hunters, solves public health issues, and determines good locations for new businesses, (29) (use) to plan communities as well.Like traditional geographers, modern geographers study many different topics. That makes them well-suited for many different jobs and industries. Toda y, geographers often have titles like “urban planner” or “data analyst”. And the world is noticing (30) number of graduates with degrees in geography is also growing.Maybe it’s time for you to discover the forgotten science again.答案：21. labelling / labeling 22. what 23. defined 24. that / which 25. have told / have beentelling 26. to find 27. where / wherever 28. less important 29. i s used 30. theChildren moving from primary to secondary school are ill-equipped to deal with the booming of social media, as itis playing an increasingly important role in their lives, and is exposing them to significant emotional risks, according to a recent report by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England.The report shows that many children in year 7 – the first year of secondary school, 21 almost everyone in the class will have a phone and be active on social media – feel under pressure to be constantly connected.They kind of 22 (worry) about their online image, particularly when they start to follow celebrities on Instagram and other platforms. They are also upset about “sharenting” – when parents post pictures of them on social media without 23 (permit) – and show the concern 24 their parents won’t listen if they ask them to take pictures down.The report, based on group interviews with 8- to 12-year-olds , shows that 25 most social media sites have an official age limit of 13, an 26 （estimate）75% of 10- to 12-year-olds will have a social media account.Some children are almost addicted to “likes”, the report says. Aaron, an 11-year-old in year 7, told researchers, “If Igot 150 likes, I’d be like, that’s pretty cool, it means they like you.”Some children described feeling 27 (confident) than those they follow on social media. Aimee, also 11, said, “28 (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.”Children’s Commissioner for England Anne Longfield is calling on parents and teachers to do more to prepare children for the emotional impact of social media as they get older. “What a child has learnt at primary school does not guarantee he can protect 29 from the risks that social media will present.”“It means a bigger role for schools in making sure children 30 (prepare) for the emotional demands of social media. And it means social media companies are supposed to assume more responsibil ities.” Longfield s aid.答案：21.when 22. worry 23. being permitted 24.that 25.although/ though/ while 26. estimated27. less confident paring 29. himself 30.are preparedThe Rise of Robot-ChefsCREATOR is a new hamburger joint in San Francisco. It now claims to deliver a burger worth $18 for $6 -- in other words, (21) (provide) the quality associated with expensive restaurants at a fast-food price. What matters behind this claim is that its chef is a robot.Crea tor’s burger robot is a trolley-sized unit that has a footprint of two square metres. Customers send it their orders via a tablet. They are able to cook everything from (22) well-done the burger will be to the type of cheese and toppings they want.The process sounds rather simple now. But, in fact, the machine took eight years to perfect after it (23) (create). As far back as 2012, a mere two years into the project, it was described as “95% reliable”, but that is not enough for a busy kitchen. Chopping tomatoes was a particularly tough challenge, but even details like the very tool (24)packs the burger into a bag without squeezing it were tricky for the machine to master. Only now, with a machine to make reliably 120 burgers an hour, (25) Alex Vardakostas, the engineer behind the project, and his co-founders, a mixture of technologists and caterers, feel confident enough to open their first restaurant.Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (26) (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. (27) that, this new wave of automation could signal a dramatic shift in the way the fast food industry employs people. That does not necessarily mean (28) (employ) fewer staff. Rathe r, more of them will be in roles where they can directly help customers. “Creator’s goal is not to be the most automated and (29) (human-centered) restaurant, but actually not,” said Vardakostas.It is too early to say whether this first wave of robot chefs will develop well in such a demanding environment as the kitchen. (30) it does, it’s certain to mark a change in our relationship with cookery. Cooking could be something people choose to do simply for the sheer pleasure of it.答案：21. to provide 22. how 23. had been created 24. that 25. do 26. preparing 27. In spite of28. employing 29. the least human-centered 30. IfConsider the Mechanical PencilIf you used to collect small objects, I’m sure(if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils.In one of the math preparatory classes I (21) (go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was (22) I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I’ve long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I (23) (hide) in an empty mooncake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water.Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need (24) (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don’t have to buy (25) wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead(铅芯). You can simply refill your mechanical pencil! There is only one slight negative I must remark on, (26) is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils “lead pencil” in casual conversation, the term “lead pencil” is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which (27) not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: “John, stop that! You’re going to get lead poisoning!” I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much (28) (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day.It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but (29) the mooncake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the mooncake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me (30) (use) tomorrow.答案：21. went 22. how/when 23. had hidden 24. sharpening/to be sharpened25. another/a 26. which 27. can 28. safer 29. now that/in that 30. to useTasting a Biker’s LifeFor most of my life I knew nothing about motorcycles. I believed that motorcycleriders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (21) (look) fortrouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off.Then, on a warm May evening outside my house, my cousin came and showed mehis new motorcycle. Never had a real motorcycle (22) (present) in front ofme by a close family member. “It’s beautiful, isn’t it?” he asked. But I didn’t really understand what I was looking at.It wasn’t until August (23) I was able to actually ride on the motorcycle with him. I prepared (24) oversized leather jacket for myself. (25) (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin. Soon the bike carried us onto the top of the hill, (26) we stopped to watch the sun set over the city below. I realized that was the most relaxing moment for me in months.Since then, my prejudices about motorcycle bikers (27) (start) to shift. On the back of a motorcycle, (28) (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. Later, whenever my cousin was gone on a Saturday ride, I would try on his leathers and look in the mirror, wondering if I was (29) a biker myself.Maybe the most important lesson, though, is that you really can’t judge a man by his appearance, (30)much leather he wears. Motorcycle bikers are not scary, or mean, or unapproachable. They’re adults who remember the freedom of riding their first bicycle, and are continuously seeking to recreate the experience.答案：21. to be looking 22. been presented 23. that 24. an 25. Filled 26. where/and27. have started 28. placing 29. like 30. no matter howMelbourne: So lovely. So... livable.Every year, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) releases a list of 140 cities and ranks them in terms of their “livability”. Melbourne (21) (top) the list for the fifth year running.The rankings rate “relative comfort” for more than 30 factors across five categories: stability, health care, education, infrastructure (基础设施), and culture and environment. The final scores (22) (calculate) as a percentage ranging from 1 (“intolerable”) to a perfect score of 100 (“ideal”).Take a look at the top 10 cities, and you will find that half of (23) are in Australia and New Zealand, three in Canada, and two in Europe. They’re all medium-size cities in prosperous countries, (24) relativelypeople’s答案：21. has topped 22. are calculated 23. them 24. with 25. most livable26. Though/ Although/ While 27. described 28. that 29. which 30. to beatUK-based supermarket Waitrose has been accused by social media users for selling tree leaves at 6 pounds.Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets (花束) went hot on social media lately, (21) (cause) complaints because of the product's price, six British pounds. Considering tree leaves can literally be picked up from the street this time of year, it's understandable that some people went after Waitrose, accusing the supermarket of trying to make money by selling (22) that is actually free."A bag of actual leaves? I'll sell you a bin bag of leaves for 10p," one customer wrote."This has got to be from the drunk Monday morning meeting category of ideas," someone else commented.Apparently, the bizarre bouquets appeared on Waitrose supermarket shelves as a way to welcome autumn, and (23) (feature) a sticker urging customers to "bring the outdoors inside". "Brighten up your home with freshly picked f lowers (24) pleasant scents ( 香味) refresh the season," the official product description read. "We source the best blooms from expert growers, and handle them gently (25)they can look beautiful for longer."(26)the generally negative feedback on its autumn-themed product, the British supermarket proudly announced that the idea (27) (inspire) at the beginning of autumn by a demand from shoppers."(28) we intend to offer, we base our decision on the demands from customers. Our customers love using these leaves to mix in with their seasonal flowers to brighten their homes," a Waitrose spokesperson told The Sun.Interestingly, there were those who seemed to somewhat justify the price tag of this bag of leaves. They said that those were obviously "high quality leaves". Their claim (29) be true. But even a bottle of wine can be bought at the same price or less. It seems crazy to charge 6 pounds for a bag of leaves.This isn't the first time that English shops and supermarkets (30) (make) news headlines for selling free things at high prices. There used to be a shop in London, which sold painted logs for $14 apiece.答案：21 causing 22 something 23 featured 24 whose 25 so that 26 Despite 27 was inspired/had beeninspired 28 Whatever 29 may/can//could/might 30 have madeThere are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining (21) we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering (22) (consider) a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoying his simple life with his family in the beauty of nature, and (23) is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that (24) some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider (25) unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but (26) one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who (27) (experience) frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one (28) be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and (29) which you have given your best effort.”Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (30) (settle) for us.答案：21. whether / if 22. is considered 23. who 24. even though/if 25. themselves26. if 27. was experiencing 28. can /could 29. to 30. settled10.浦东新区Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature (23) our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in a new study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018 after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy -- more planets than stars.(27)this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) (powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s (30) the research team took a new approach.答案：21. have wondered(或have been wondering) 22. finding 23. to 24. estimated 25. to support 26. who 27. Though 28. its 29. most powerful 30. whyThe Popular Mobile LibraryAround the world, the mobile library projects are bringing books and even advice to communities with serious and urgent needs.Every week, two modified blue buses (21) (stock) with children’s books carefully run down the streets of Kabul. These travelling libraries stop off at schools in different parts of the city, (22) (deliver) a wealth of reading materials directly to the youngsters who have limited access to book s. “A lot of schools in our city don’t have access to something as basic as a library,” says Rim, a 27-year-old Oxford University graduate who (23)(inspire) to start Charm, a non-profit organization, in her home city having grown up without many books herself. “We were trying to understand (24) we could do to promote critical thinking in our country.”For many people a bus or train journey presents a rare opportunity to get stuck into a book, and in some cities public transport is being regarded as means of getting books to communities that need (25) most. The vehicle was rebuilt not only to spread the joy of reading, but also to improve people’s life.Comic books were left on trains, buses and underground systems in the cities around the UK (26)(early) this month to mark 80 years of Marvel Comics.●Carriages on the two subway trains in Beijing were turned into audio book libraries, where passengers were able todownload books. To give the train a library feel, the walls are decorated with books, (27) covers look like bookshelves.●People in the Netherlands get to travel on trains for free during the country’s annual book week celebrations.Passengers can present a novel (28) a rail ticket.●In the Greek city of Thessaloniki, the transport ministry installed mini libraries at bus stops (29) (allow)passengers to read as they wait for the bus, or borrow and read on their journey to be returned at a later date.●Passengers on New York’s subway (30) download free short stories, poems, essays and so on totheir devices.答案：答案：21. stocked 22. delivering 23. was inspired 24. what 25. them26. earlier 27. whose 28. instead of / rather than 29. to allow 30. canEating jellyfish could save endangered fishAccording to the IUCN Red List 32,000 species are threatened with extinction —everything from birds and mammals. Despite national and international efforts being gathered to protect threatened species, we actively fish for many of them. For those of us who enjoy the odd fish and chips, this isn’t great news, (21) the researchers have come up with an unusual way we can help while still enjoying seafood — and it involves eating jellyfish.Between 2006 and 2014, 92 vulnerable or endangered species of seafood were being caught, recorded, and sold. When they are sold, it is rare that fish and invertebrate ( 无脊椎的) species (22) (require) to be labelled according to species, so consumers have no way of knowing (23) they’re eating.The research team stresses the fact (24) this is only a brief view of the real problem. “A lot of the seafood catch and import records are listed in groups like ‘marine fish’. Here we didn’t look at those vague records, we only looked at records (25) the actual species was listed —so we’ve made a huge unde restimate of the actual catch of endangered species.”There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (26) (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. That might sound a little off the theme, but it’s not the first time scientists have suggested (27) as a food source. It makes a lot of sense because Jellyfish is considered a minor species of wild animals and scientists might think its number is increasing worldwide.Of course, there are other ways to help keep endangered species (28) the menu. “We need to improve the labelling of seafood (29) the consumers can have all of the information to make an informed choice,” UQ conservation scientist Carissa Klein told ScienceAlert.And the informed choice, at least in some places, is (30) (easy) than you might imagine. In Australia, where the researchers are based, there’s the Sustainable Seafood Guide to provide the best choices for seafood. There’s also Seafood Watch in the US, which is run by the Monterey Bay Aquarium.答案：21. but22. are required23. what24. that25. where26. expanding27. it 28. off29. so that30. easierMusic Festival in MontrealEvery Sunday afternoon in the Plateau section ( 高原地区) of Montreal, thousands of people of all ages, nationalities, and economic backgrounds gather at the Jacques Cartier Monument in Mont Royal Park to play instruments, sing and dance. This weekly joyful event is called the “Tam-tam”— a name (21) (refer) to an African drum — and has become an institution among Montreal’s bohemians (放荡不羁的文化人).The Plateau is one of Canada’s most racially varied districts where French and English are both spoken, unlike the rest of French-speaking Montreal. Many artists, musicians, and writers inhabit this area due to the cheap rent of apartments and studios. In the sixties, it became known (22) the bohemian area of Montreal, and the stores began selling clothing, music and books (23) satisfied the tastes.Mont Royal Park is (24) many of these artists and musicians would meet in the sixties to have lunch or just spend an afternoon together. Musicians brought instruments, and eventually impromptu ( 即兴的) performance of jazz got started, (25) (attract) poets who recited their works to the music being performed.Word got out about these gatherings, and it appealed to even more people until it was decided that these gatherings would happen every Sunday afternoon. Not only (26) people have a great time at these gatherings, but it was also an excellent opportunity for musicians (27) (schedule) further meetings in order to cooperate on musical projects.Tam-tam (28) (become) a sort of Montreal institution already, which is drawing thousands of people every week and representing freedom and creativity, owing to (29) impromptu nature. The event begins around noon and ends at sunset. Everyone is invited to attend a Tam-tam with an instrument, (30) the hosts think the crowd participation can make Tam-tam a special occasion.答案：21. referring 22. as 23. that / which 24. where 25. attracting 26. did / could27. to schedule 28. has become 29. its / the 30. for / because / as / sinceWhen educators think of literacy -- the ability to read and write -- they often place more importance on students’ abilities to read and fully understand a piece of writing.But experts say critical and creative writing skills are equally important. And, they say, they (21) (overlook) too often in the classroom.Compared to reading, writing is (22) (active). It helps students be independent thinkers, take ownership of their stories and ideas and communicate them clearly to others, says Elyse Eidman-Aadahl. She heads the National Writing Project, (23) offers help for teachers who want to push students to write more.Elyse said, “I have to say (24) we want an education system just (25) (focus) on making people consumers and not on helping them be producers, this emphasis on reading only -- which does happen in so many places -- is very short-sighted.”She said students’ writing work now usually centers on examining a text, (26) presenting a new idea. Writing, she said, should be “the central thing you’re learning. Not writing on a test, not writing to demonstrate you’re learning (27) someone has taught you ”Teaching reading together with writing improves both skills, says Rebecca Wallace-Segall, who heads a New York City writing center, Writopia Lab.She said writing affects a person’s ability to r ead and more than 90 percent of young people in the Writopia program do not trust their writing abilities (28) they start. But she said they learn to enjoy the writing process and become more effective readers, too.Elyse said employers today seek work ers “all the time” who can write well. Digital tools increasingly mean that people are “(29)(interact) with the internet through writing,” she said.Young people are already writing all the time -- through text messages, emails and on social media.Elyse believes every young person today is a writer if they are connected to the internet. So, she added, “we have to help them do it in the best, most responsible, critical, prosocial way.”Rebecca argues that writing also helps students work through diff iculties they face in life “subconsciously”.“They’re not writing a story about a difficult father or directly about a bully in class, (30) creating a fictional scenario (电影剧本) that might feel distant enough for them to go deep into it.”答案：21. are overlooked 22. more active23. which24. unless 25. focused26. instead of/rather than 27. what28. when29. interacting 30. but。

st.fm allows users to listen to music for free, as well as buy tracks.B.The website Last.fm is a convenient and useful resource for music lovers.C.There are plenty of websites that allow music lovers to stay in touch with the news relating to their hobby.D.I f you want to use Last.fm for communication, you might find that traditional social networks are moresuitable for this purposeE.This website is of great benefit for music enthusiasts.A Useful Tool for Music LoversWith the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. (67) .One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. (68) . Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity of information, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to. (69) . With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.(70) . However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.答案：67—70CEFAA.But these beasts are mainly made of plastic tubes.B.Jansen’s designs also work with heavier structures.C.Kinetic (运动的) art isn’t just about making large sculptures move.D.His “Strandbeests” walk along the coastline of Holland, feeding on wind and fleeing from water.E.These moving sculptures aren’t that common, especially since it takes a lot of time to plan and build them.F.His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without humaninteraction.Sculpture with a Life of Its OwnThere is a new type of animal that has been walking along the beachessince the 1990s. They are called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beach beast.67 They are creations of Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can movethemselves using nothing more than the power of the wind. Jansen has evencreated a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizingbottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching!The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs. 68Jansen’s kinetic sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like ( 像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach. 69 He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms.70 There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, they all have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art!答案：67. A 68. F 69. B 70. CHow to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insisted that “the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”.67 “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state.However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain’s leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boile d more than once. “Usually when people’s tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. 68 You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “ 69 When you microwave tea, all you’re doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all.”70 In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.67-70 CBFDWhat Is Nonverbal Communication?A.Finally, nonverbal communication itself carries the impact of a message.B.Finally, we can use nonverbal signals to add to the verbal content of our message.C.Nonverbal messages have been recognized for centuries as a critical aspect of communication.D.All good speakers know how to do this with forceful gestures, changes in vocal volume or speech rate, deliberatepauses, and so on.E.Called turn-taking signals, these gestures and vocalizations ( 发声) make it possible for us to alternate theconversational roles of speaking and listening.F.The term was introduced in 1956 in the book “Nonverbal Communication: Notes on the Visual Perception ofHuman Relations”.Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. Similar to the way that italicizing (斜体) emphasizes written language, nonverbal behavior may emphasize parts of a verbal message.(67) For instance, in “The Advancement of Learning” (1605), Francis Bacon observed that “the features of the body do reveal the tendency and inclination of the mind in general, but the motions of the facial expressions and parts do not only so, but do further reveal the present humour and state of the mind and will.”Psychologists Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen (1969), in discussing the interdependence that exists between nonverbal and verbal messages, identified six important ways that nonverbal communication directly affects our verbal messages. First, we can use nonverbal signals to emphasize our words. (68) Second, our nonverbal behavior can repeat what we say. We can say yes to someone while nodding our head. Third, nonverbal signals can substitute for words. Often, there isn’t much need to put things in words. A simple gesture is enough. Fou rth, we can use nonverbal signals to regulate speech. (69) Fifth, nonverbal messages sometimes contradict ( 与… 矛盾) what we say. A friend tells us she had a great time at the beach, but we’re not sure because her voice is flat and her face lacks emotion.(70) Being upset could mean we feel angry, depressed, disappointed, or just a bit on edge. Nonverbal signals can help to make clear the words we use and reveal the true nature of our feelings.答案：67-70: CDEBAdolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. 67 “Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls’ participation in physical activity,” says study author Dr Regina Guthold, WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. 68To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teens do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.69 Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.70 Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.答案：67-70 CADFA.In fact, it didn’t imitate anything at all.B.This simple puzzle game, now more than thirty years old, continues to dominate best-of lists.C.The gaming giant Electronic Arts once sold more than 500 million copies of its version forthe iPhone and other smartphones.D.Thanks to the unique pathway it uses, the game shows real promise in medical treatments.E.The way Tetris affects the brain is so strong that it’s literally named the Tetris Effect.F.Tetris has entered popular and artistic culture.The Most Important Video Game Ever MadeTime Magazine recently tasked its editorial staff with ranking the 50greatest video games of all time. The number one spot was taken not bySuper Mario, Zelda, or any other worthwhile competitors, but by the oldestand most basic game, Tetris. 67 It lives on in tablets,laptops, smartphones, and game consoles (操纵板).Why is Tetris the game we can’t stop playing? Before Tetris, video games were distractions for teens, personified by Super Mario Bros. Tetris was different. It didn’t rely on the imitation of any cartoon characters. 68The game was purely abstract, geometry ( 几何图案) in real time. It wasn’t just a game. It was an uncrackable code puzzle that anyone could play. Your parents played Tetris, your friends played Tetris, and you’ll encounter the same story in nearly every country on Earth.69 It has been included in the Applied Design collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It has been adapted as interactive public art projected onto the sides of buildings. And it is the subject of an annual World Championship competition.There are plenty of fascinating classic games. Why do we keep coming back to Tetris year after year? Scientists have discovered that Tetris has a unique effect on the human brain, making it the perfect tool for scientific research.70 It is a term used in both medical and popular literature. It describes the result of repetitive, pattern-based activity that eventually shapes the thoughts and imagination of an individual. This unique effect has been used in studies at Oxford University to treat stress disorder.T hat’s pretty impressive for a few lines of code written by a lone computer scientist at the Russian Academy of Science in 1984. I have no doubt the first game many of us will download on the new phone will be the latest version of the most important game in history, Tetris.答案：67-70 BAFEHow to Leave Work at WorkSome jobs have very clear lines between when you’re “on” and when you’re “off,” while in others the lines are vague — or potentially nonexistent. (67)As a time management coach, I’ve found these three steps can help. I encourage you to challenge yourself to gradually implement these changes and see how much you can leave your work at work—both physically and mentally —in 2020.Step 1: Define “After Hours”If you have a traditional 9-to-5 job, your hours are set for you. (68) If your employer has a certain number of hours that you’re expected to work each week, s tart by seeing how to fit those hours around your fixed personal commitments, like taking your kids to school or extracurricular activities. When do you need to start and stop to put in the proper work time?Step 2: Have Mental ClarityNext, make sure you have mental clarity on what needs to get done and when you will complete it. This includes having a place where you write down the many tasks that you need to do, whether that’s in a notebook, a task management app, a project management system, or in your calendar. (69) Then once you have this list, plan out your work. This planning reduce anxiety that something will fall through the cracks or that you’ll miss a deadline. The final part of increasing your mental clarity is to have an end-of-workday wrap-up.Step 3: Get Work Done at WorkIt may seem crazy to say this, but I want to encourage you to give yourself permission to do work at work. For many, they perceive “real work” as something they reserve for post-5 or 6 pm, after everyone else has left the office or after they’ve tucked their kids in bed for the night. (70) But if you want to stop feeling distracted by work after hours, you need to actually do your work during the day.As individuals, we need a mental break to do our best work, and taking time for ourselves without the distraction of work can help us become our best selves. I can’t guarantee that thoughts about work will never cross your mind, but with these four steps, you can reduce how much you’re distracted by work after hours.答案：67-70 ADFEEvery dog owner knows that saying Good dog! in a happy, high-pitched voice will bring about a flurry of joyful tail wagging in their pet.That makes scientists curious. What exactly happens in your dog's brain when it hears praise? And is it similar to the way our own brain processes such acoustic information?When a person gets a compliment, the more primitive subcortical (皮下的) auditory regions first react to the intonation ( 声调), the emotional force of spoken words. Next, the brain taps the more recently evolved auditory cortex ( 皮质) to figure out the meaning of the words, which is learned.67 Of course, dogs use their right brain hemisphere to do so, whereas we use our left hemisphere. Still, a mystery remains. Do their brains go through the same steps to process approval?It’s an important question. Dogs are speechless species. 68 For instance, some dogs are able to recognize thousands of names of individual objects. They can even link each name to a specific o bject.When the scientists studied scans of the brains of pet dogs, they found that theirs, like ours, processed the sounds of spoken words in a multi-step manner. They analyze first the emotional component with the older region of the brain, the subcortical regions. Subsequently, they deal with the words’ meaning with the newer part, the cortex.Previous studies have shown that many animals, from songbirds to dolphins, use the subcortex to process emotional hints. 69 Zebras, for instance, can eavesdrop on the emotion, or fright to be precise, in other herbivore(食草动物) animals’calls. In this way they learn if predators are nearby.It’s likely that human language evolved from such hints, We employ the same neurological systems to develop speech. 70 Dogs have the very likeliness to make special use of the ancient connection to process human emotions. It helps explain why dogs are so successful at partnering with us and at times manipulating us with those soulful eyes.答案：67-70 EBDFAre You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize? Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t ac hieve the unachievable? 67 Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respec t and approval.For the majority of us, the addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect. 68 We fear that showing shortcomings will expose us to the accusation that we’re weak. We stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way. 69 We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves are taken away from us.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. 70 Being human, perfection is impossible. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism.答案：67. F 68. D 69.B 70. ELate in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan’s makeshift hospitals for covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67) .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68) .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country’s long-term development goals. (69) . The government’s “Healthy China 2030” plan, issued in 2016, called for a stronger “mental-health service system”(70) . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study’s authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying “psychological pressure and stress”.At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.答案：67-70 DEBFA.Don’t get discouraged.B.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question again and again.C.If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one or borrow one from others.D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E.With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.The Art of Man-on-the-Street InterviewsHave you ever observed the busy people of the street? Do they arouse your infinite thinking? The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. (67) But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” (68) Hit the streets with confidence. As you approach people, be polite. Say, “Excuse me, I work for a certain well-known TV or radio station, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.(69)If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it.Limit your time. Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten m inutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. (70)For the media, the ability to increase ratings and influence may be the only meaning they want. In fact, different people have different views towards the interview. Someone says this should be the product of the fast-food information age.答案：67-70 D E AFA.The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable.B.However, it’s a different story when it comes to influenza, commonly known as “the flu”.C.People should get a flu vaccine before flu viruses spread in the community.D.The v irus essentially “changes its coat” — H1N1, H2N3, and so on, as he told the website Healthline.E.He said it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body and provide protection against the flu infection.F.So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses.Guard against FluVaccination (接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don’t change too much — the measles virus ( 麻疹病毒), for example — gettingvaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. Ifyou had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life.67 It generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long run. There is no permanent immunity, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. 68Apart from a person’s immune protection from flu vaccinatio n declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. 69 To develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza ( 流感) centers around the world conduct year-round observation for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests threeor four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as demand tends to exceed supply.70 The availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with peak demand.So scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.答案：67-70 BDFAYoldThe year 2020 marks the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. By continuing to work and staying socially engaged, the boomers, in their new appearance as the young old, will change the world.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.67 Of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health. Working is one of the factors that are helping people stay healthy longer. A German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive ( 认知的) decline. The yold are also better off, while the wealth of all other age groups declined.The yold are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired in many aspects. They won’t wear indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren. 68 They also spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults, so they are vital to the tourism industry. And, because of the importance of pensions, the yold are transforming insurance companies from passive distributors of fixed annuities(年金) to financial service providers for customers who want to manage their pension pots more actively.69 They find that older workers have, if anything, slightly above-average productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of all. Societies should be better off because public spending on health and pensions should be lower than expected, as people work longer and need less medical care.Today, some big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60-somethings ought to quietly retire into the background. 70 The yold will demand that companies become more age-friendly and, in the process, help change attitudes towards aging itself.答案：67---70 DBFE。

V. Translation72.他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。

（run）73.过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。

（impact）74.不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了公众的广泛关注和高度重视。

（There）75.你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。

无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。

(Whatever )答案：72.他在整理书籍的时候发现了一本旧日记。

（run）He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books.2 分 1 分73.过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。

（impact）Overuse of mobile/cell phones can have /make a negative/bad impact on our health.1 分2 分74.不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了人们的广泛关注。

（There）There is no denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread1 分 1 分2 分concern/ attention.75.你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。

无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。

（Whatever）Treat your classmates like you’d like/want to be treated/1 分2 分Treat your classmates as you want them to.1 分2 分Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be1 分 1 分respected.V. Translation72.足不出户，你就可以在网上逛遍全球各大博物馆。

2021年上海中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s a tempting habit for them to look at their smartphone rather than make eye contact with someone. There is so much to look at: photographs, social media feeds, messages and emails. No wonder they are glued to their screens. But is it good for them?There have been many claims about the damage looking at screens does to our eyesight. Some people feared staring at a small bright box could make us short-sighted. This is a particular concern for children and young people, who spend a higher percentage of time using electronic devices. BBC reporter, Rory Jones, says, “There is enough evidence that no matter how long teenagers are spending looking at screens, they come across information about issues such as anorexia and self-harm that could prove damaging to their mental health.”But a new study says time in front of computers and phones might not be as bad for young people as many think. Research by the Oxford Internet Institute examined data from more than 17,000 teenagers in theUK,Irelandand theUnited States. Their study concluded that most links between life satisfaction and social media use were tiny, accounting for less than 1% of a teenager’s wellbeing. Professor Przybylski, director of research, said, “99.75% of a person’s life satisfaction has nothing to do with their use of social media.” The research found that family, friends and school life all had a greater impact on wellbeing.So, does this mean young people can spend longer looking at social media? TheOxfordresearchers are confident about its findings and that any connection between screen time and mental health is very small. Dr. Max Davie, officer for health improvement at theRoyalCollege, calls the study a “small first step”, but he says there are other issues to explore, such as screen time’s interference(干预) with other important activities like sleep, exercise and time with family or friends. Perhaps for now, the “right” amount of screen time is only a matter of personal judgement.1. What is people’s common belief concerning screen time?A. Looking at screens does harm to young people.B. Screen time provides a chance for teenagers to learn.C. Most teenagers get near-sighted due to looking at screens.D. A small amount of time online does little harm to teenagers.2. What can we learn from the new study by the Oxford Internet Institute?A. Screen time has a great influence on people’s daily activities.B. The right amount of the screen time is related to its content.C. There is a close link between social media and self-satisfaction.D. Social bonds play a more significant role in people’s wellbeing than social media.3. Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A science fiction.B. A science magazine.C. A research paper.D. An economics book.BGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king ofEnglandin 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor inEuropelived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, king ofFrance, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(优点) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.4. The kings ofFranceandEnglandin the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environmentB. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inC. they considered bathing as cause of skin diseaseD. They believed disease could be spread in public baths5. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. CuriousB. AfraidC. ApprovingD. Uninterested6. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By following the order of time.B. By making comparison.C. By providing examplesD. By following the order of importance.17. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passages?A. To call attention to the danger of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To present the change of views on dirt.D. To stress the role of dirt.CThere have been many fine films over the past several years aboutcharacters struggling with Alzheimer’s disease. But few of them have gone as deeply and frighteningly into the corners of adeterioratingmind as The Father,a powerful new drama built around a spellbinding performance from Anthony Hopkins.At this point in his long career,Hopkinswould seem to have exhausted his ability to surprise us, but his work here is nothing short of astonishing. His character, also named Anthony, is 80 years old and has dementia. At the beginning of the movie, his daughter, Anne — played by Olivia Colman — stops by hisLondonapartment to check on him. Her father's condition has taken a turn for the worse, and his temper has become severe enough to send his latest live in nurse packing. Anthony is stubborn and defiant and insists that he can manage on his own. But that's clearly not the case, given his habit of misplacing his things and his inability to remember names and faces, Anne's included.As The Father goes on, the more it becomes clear that it's his own mind that's playing tricks on him. What makes the movie so unsettling is the way it wires us directly into his subjective experience, so that the foundations of the story seem to shift at random from scene to scene. A man suddenly appears in the apartment, claiming to be Anne's husband, which is odd, since just a few moments earlier, Anne seemed to be single. Anne goes out shopping for groceries, but when she returns, she's played not by Olivia Colman but by another actress, Olivia Williams. Even the apartment itself begins to shift. You notice puzzling differences-wasn't there a lamp on that hallway table just a moment ago?The story in The Father may be complicated but it's also heartbreakingly simple: man grows old and loses hismemory, and his daughter, after lifetime of love and devotion, must begin the long painful process of saying goodbye.Hopkinsshows us Anthony's struggle to keep his sense about him. It's a striking performance-and an impossible one to forget.8. What does the underlined word “deteriorating” mean in the first paragraph?A. Worsening.B. Narrowing.C. Recovering.D. Improving.9. What do we learn about the character Anthony in the movie?A. He can take care of himselfB. He drives away the nurses.C. He is easy-going and forgetful.D. He lives with his daughter all the time.10. The shift of scenes in the movie is designed to .A. build the dramatic tension in the family.B. show off the well-designed story line.C. frighten the movie-goers with mysterious plot.D. involve the viewers into thedisordered memories.11. What does the author think ofHopkins?A. He has run out of his talent.B. He is not suitable for the roleC. He masterly plays the old man.D. He presents an odd performance.DWhen my friend suggested going to the op shop (二手商店)，instantly I thought “I hope no one I know sees me”. It was the same when my cousin commented on my new furniture and Japanese, fine-bone-china bowls and asked where I got them. They were from the local op shop but instead I said “from the antique shop”.Many people in my Greek-Cypriot community would look down on me if I said I shopped at the op shop. They may pity me, consider me poor, a failure. Immigrants sacrificed their families and homes for a better life. Buying a house and having enough money to live comfortably, to educate your children and see them also live comfortably, are a big part of the immigrant dream, But has this dream made us materialistic at the cost of our own planet?Our love for purchasing the latest trendy clothes or furniture, then donating them when we are tired of them has become normal. I was once like this. But after watching the documentaryThe True CostI learned donated clothes that don’t get sold are sent to developing nations, many of them ending up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Inaddition, your new dress requires electricity and materials to make. But if you buy a second-hand dress, that’s one less dress in a landfill and one less new dress to be made.A friend introduced me to op shopping only a few years ago. My firstitem was a dress she gifted me. It was lovely and I loved it. Nobody could tell it was second-hand. This opened me up to purchasing more second-hand high quality branded clothes. Once I visited a friend and was impressed by how she decorated her apartment. “It’s all second-hand,” she said. I couldn’t believe it. The truth is a lot of things sold at the op shop are in new or almost new condition. That’s when I made the decision to only buy second-hand things.Selling second-hand things isn’t anything new butwhat the planet needs is more buyers. There is so much excess (过量) production in the world. So stop feeling ashamed, and let’s get shopping.12. What kind of feeling is expressed in Paragraph 1?A. Pride.B. Embarrassment.C. Delight.D. Sympathy.13. Whatare many people in the author’s community like?A. They are probably materialistic.B. They care about the environment.C. They think highly of op shopping.D. They look down upon immigrants.14. What was the author encouraged to do after visiting her friend’s apartment?A. Watch the documentaryThe True Cost.B. Donate more to local charities.C. Avoid shopping too much.D. Stop buying new things.15. What’s the purpose of the text?A. To entertain.B. To advertise.C. To persuade.D. To describe.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。