英汉同声传译98-08

1998年71）But even more importantꢀ it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the pastꢀ for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed15billion yeays ago.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：1ꢄꢅ分析：73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：2ꢄꢅ分析：75)Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：31999年71)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：4ꢄꢅ分析：73)During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：5ꢄꢅ分析：75)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62000年71)Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational researchexperts.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：7ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationꢀ with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followedꢀ was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.ꢀ ꢀ ：8ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsꢀ themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：92001年71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robotsꢀ and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offendꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：10ꢄꢅ分析：73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:ꢂIt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：11ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorderꢀ kitchen rage.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：122002年61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,feelings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：13ꢄꢅ分析：63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theoryꢀ and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇法：14ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：65)Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejectedꢀ and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：152003年61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：16ꢄꢅ分析：63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Tylor defined culture asꢂ...that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.ꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：17ꢄꢅ分析：65)Thus,the anthropological concept ofꢂcultureꢃꢀ like the concept ofꢂsetꢃin mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：182004年61)The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：62)We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：19ꢄꢅ分析：63)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：64)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：20ꢄꢅ分析：65)Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：212005年46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedꢄand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)In Europe,as elsewhere,multi-media groups have been increasingly successful:groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：22ꢄꢅ分析：48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than50%took a loss in 1989.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Creating aꢂEuropean identityꢃthat respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：23ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to sayꢂUnited we stand,divided we fallꢃꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：242006年46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(ꢅꢆꢇꢈ) way about moral problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：25ꢄꢅ分析：48)I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：26ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：272007年46)Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：28ꢄꢅ分析：48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)In fact,it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：29ꢄꢅ分析：50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significanceand make their own judgments.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：302008年46)He believes that this very difficult may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with metaphysics or mathematics.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：31ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：48)On the other hand,he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,while he was a good observer,he had no power of reasoning.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was"superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：32ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：332009年46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience;but this effect is not a part of its original motive.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：34ꢄꢅ分析：48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition,it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：49)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：35ꢄꢅ分析：50)We are thus led to distinguish,within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering,a more formal kind of educationꢀ that of direct tuition or schooling.ꢀ ꢀ ：ꢂ汇ꢃ法：ꢀ 二：ꢄꢅ分析：36。

1.1中国发射了一架无人飞船，这被称为北京建造自己空间站的第一步。

这个叫做“天宫一号”、重8.5吨的飞行器在当地时间上星期四晚间从中国西北部的戈壁沙漠上一个地点发射。

这架飞船由长征2F火箭推动升空。

中国各地的报纸刊登了有关这次发射的详细报道ciwai将在11月1日发射的另一艘无人飞船“神舟八号”将与“天宫一号”对接。

这将是中国第一次在太空中的对接。

项目将要求在2016年底前建设一个空间实验室，在2020年左右完成建造一个重60吨的空间站。

中国在2003年首次实现载人宇宙飞船升空，这距离美国和前苏联的创举有40多年之久。

在中国进行最新努力之际，美国航天飞机舰队的退役为美国太空项目的未来划上问号。

China has launched an unmanned spacecraft, in what is described as Beijing's first step toward building its own space station. The 8.5 ton module -- known as Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace" -- lifted off from a site in China's northwestern Gobi desert last Thursday night local time. The craft was propelled by a Long March 2F rocket. Detailed reports about the launch were splashed across Chinese newspapersAnother unmanned spacecraft to be launched November 1 will meet up with the module for China's first space-docking procedure. The program calls for construction of a space laboratory by 2016 and completion of a 60-ton space station around 2020.China conducted its first manned space flight in 2003, more than four decades after pioneering flights by the United States and Soviet Union. The latest efforts come at a time when the retirement of the U.S. space shuttle fleet has left the future of the American space program in question.1.2亚洲作为这次危机被波及的地区正深受其害，面临着出口下降、就业减少、外汇储备风险加大等威胁。

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 (1)北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班) (6)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (22)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (27)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (32)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (36)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (41)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (45)北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green”of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for thecoming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints –can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between themis the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。

1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。

我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。

望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。

虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。

在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。

世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。

跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。

日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. Howmany English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。

目　录第一章　词法翻译第一节　对等翻译第二节　增词翻译第三节　减词翻译第四节　合并翻译第五节　转性译法第六节　名词的抽象和具体译法第七节　数字和倍数的翻译第八节　成语的英译第九节　修辞格的翻译第二章　句法翻译第一节　换序和转态第二节　断句和合句译法第三节　长句的译法第四节　正说与反说第三章　语篇与翻译第一节　衔接第二节　连贯第四章　文体与翻译第一节　实用文体翻译第二节　文学文体翻译第一章　词法翻译第一节　对等翻译一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。

1. ①申请书②报告书③协议书④成绩通知书⑤成交确认书⑥白皮书⑦家书【译文】①letter of application②report③agreement④grade report⑤sales confirmation⑥white book⑦a letter from home2. ①病历表②履历表③时间表④日程表⑤价目表【译文】①case history form②resume③timetable④schedule⑤price list3. ①推荐信②证明信③口信【译文】①letter of recommendation②certificate③an oral message4. ①名单②菜单③账单④保险单⑤订阅单⑥收款清单⑦违规通知单【译文】①name list②menu③bill④policy⑤subscription form⑥account note⑦ticket5. ①写作水平②领导水平③生活水平④发展水平⑤工作水平⑥开放水平【译文】①quality of writing②art of leadership③standard of living④level of development⑤work performance⑥degree of openness6. 身体好，学习好，工作好。

【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.7. ①经济法制化②经济全球化③社会知识化④国际关系民主化⑤国民经济信息化⑥科研成果产业化【译文】①to manage economic affairs within a framework②economic globalization③to build a knowledge-driven society④the practice of democracy in international relations⑤to build an information-based national economy⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production8. ①一窝蜜蜂②一窝小鸡③一窝幼犬【译文】①a swarm of bees②a brood of chickens③a litter of pups9. ①一群美女②一群猎狗③一群鸭④一群羚羊【译文】①a bevy of beautiful ladies②a pack of hounds③a team of ducks④a herd of antelopes10. ①积极支持②积极的财政政策③积极利用国外资源【译文】①unfailing support②proactive fiscal policy③make effective use of overseas resources11. ①基本工资②基本建设③基本物质④基本工业⑤基本利益【译文】①basic wage②capital construction③essential commodity④primary industry⑤fundamental interest12. ①大城市②大雨③大志④大人物⑤大道理【译文】①a big city②a heavy rain③a high aim④an important person⑤general principle13. ①老战士②老领导③老师傅④老芹菜【译文】①a veteran②a senior leader③a master craftsman④overgrown celery14. ①打电话②打的③打毛衣④打水⑤打篮球⑥打农药【译文】①to make a phone call②to take a taxi③to knit a woolen sweater④to fetch water⑤to play basketball⑥to spray insecticide15. ①维护统一②维护独立主权③维护国家荣誉④维护国家主权⑤维护人民利益⑥维护自尊⑦维护世界和平与安全【译文】①to uphold unity②to uphold independence and sovereignty③to defend national honor④to defend state sovereignty⑤to safeguard the people’s interests⑥to safeguard self-respect⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security16. ①进行社会主义革命②进行一场激烈的争论③进行实地调查④进行亲切的谈话⑤进行侵略⑥进行协商⑦进行核试验【译文】①to carry out socialist revolution②to carry on a spirited debate③to make an on-the-spot investigation④to have a cordial conversation⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with⑥to conduct a nuclear test17. 严格训练、严格要求。

1995-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers thatsurround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。

交替传译实践教程听力原文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：交替传译是一种在口译中常见的技能，即传译者在听说两种语言之间进行迅速切换，同时在大脑中进行翻译和语言转换。

这项技能在国际会议、商务洽谈、学术研讨等场合中扮演着重要的角色。

为了帮助大家提升交替传译能力，下面将介绍一份关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文。

在进行交替传译之前，传译者需要熟练掌握两种语言的听力技巧。

在接受讲话时，要注意提前了解讲话内容的主题和背景，这样有助于理解讲话者的意图和表达。

要注意讲话者的语速、语调和口音，以便更好地理解讲话内容。

传译者还要善于利用上下文信息和语境来帮助理解并准确传译。

在交替传译过程中，传译者需要不断进行练习和训练，以提高自己的传译能力。

可以通过听力练习、口语练习和模拟场景练习等方式来进行训练。

在练习中，传译者可以利用录音设备录制讲话内容，然后进行逐句逐段的传译，检查自己的准确性和流畅度。

还可以参加口译培训班或交流会议，与其他口译者进行交流和学习，互相帮助提升口译水平。

在进行实际的交替传译时，传译者需要具备一定的心理素质和应变能力。

在面对长时间的口译任务时，传译者要保持专注和耐心，保持头脑清晰和思维敏捷。

在遇到词汇难点或语义模糊时，传译者要善于应对，灵活处理，避免出现停顿或犹豫。

要保持良好的心态和情绪，保持自信和自信心，才能应对各种突发情况和挑战。

交替传译是一项需要专业技能和实践经验的口译技能，在日常实践中需要不断学习和提升。

通过科学的训练和规范的实践，传译者可以逐渐提高交替传译能力，为自己的口译事业打下坚实的基础。

希望以上关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文可以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握交替传译技能，取得更好的口译成绩。

第二篇示例：交替传译是一种在不同语言之间进行口译的技能，通常用于会议、研讨会、考试等场合。

在交替传译中，译员需要将听到的内容通过口译方式传达给听众，要求其具有出色的听力、口语和记忆能力。

本篇文章将介绍一份关于交替传译实践教程的听力原文，旨在帮助想要学习交替传译技能的人们提高自己的口译水平。

刘建超中菲建交34周年晚会致辞尊敬的国防部长特奥多罗阁下，尊敬的阿布达林副外长阁下，尊敬的伊斯库第洛参议员阁下，尊敬的戴宏达主席，各位使节及使团同事，各位来宾，女士们，先生们，大家晚上好，欢迎各位莅临今晚盛会。

34年前的今天，我们的先辈们开启了中菲外交关系。

他们种下了友谊的种子，今天我们收获了两国强劲的战略性合作关系的硕果。

感谢先辈们的远见和勇气，我们将继续为中菲关系美好未来而努力前行。

我谨代表中国人民，感谢菲律宾人民对我们的友好和善意，感谢你们宣布2002年起，每年的6月9日为“菲中友谊日”。

今年是第8届“菲中友谊日”，我相信这一节日将继续传承下去。

我还想利用这一机会，感谢菲律宾华人为两国关系发展所作的贡献。

数百年来，菲律宾华人融入菲主流社会，为菲经济发展和民生建立功勋。

他们现在是并将继续是中菲关系发展的重要推动力量之一。

今晚是一个欢庆的盛会。

我们很高兴邀请到广东省艺术家来菲表演。

今晚的演出将进一步为业已绚烂多彩的中菲文化交流增光添彩。

祝愿大家度过一个愉快的夜晚。

谢谢！Y our Honorable Gilberto Teodoro (Secretary of National Defense), Y our Honorable Franklin Ebdalin (Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs), Y our Honorable Senator Chiz Escudero, Respectful Dr. Peter Ty (Chairman of the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Associations of the Philippines), Excellencies and Colleagues of the Diplomatic Corps, Leaders of Filipino-Chinese Communities, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,Good evening and a big welcome to this special and festive gathering.Thirty-four years ago today, the forerunners of our two countries started the diplomatic relations between China and the Philippines. They planted the seeds of friendship, and today, we are reaping a bumper harvest of an ever strong strategic and cooperative relationship between us. We are obliged to the forerunners for their vision and courage, and we shall never waver in carrying this cause forward to a greater and brighter future.On behalf of the Chinese people, I want to thank the Philippine people for your friendship and goodwill towards us. We thank you for proclaiming 9th of June sinc e 2002 as the Filipino-Chinese Friendship Day. This is the 8th Friendship Day and I am sure there will be more of them for us to celebrate in the time to come.This is also an opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of the Filipino-Chinese to the thriving bilateral relationship. For centuries, the Filipino-Chinese have been struggling, fighting and working together with the Philippine people for independence, liberty and prosperity. They are, and will continue to be a driving force for the growth of China-Philippine relations.This is a time to celebrate. Tonight, we are so pleased to have with us visiting artists from China's Guangdong Province. Their performance will be another event adding to the already colorful cultural exchanges between our two countries. I hope you will find the performance fascinating, impressive and enjoyable. Thank you and Mabuhay!2003年温家宝在世界旅游组织15届大会开幕式上的讲话世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利先生, 联合国常务副秘书长弗莱切特女士, 各位代表，女士们，先生们:十月的北京, 天高气爽, 秋色宜人。

TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八‎级翻译真题‎（1998年‎——2007年‎）第一部分汉译英Passa‎g e 1.( 1998年‎)1997年‎2月24日‎我们代表下‎榻日月潭中‎信大饭店，送走了最后‎一批客人，已是次日凌‎晨3点了。

我躺在床上‎久久不能入‎睡，披衣走到窗‎前，往外看去，只见四周群‎峦叠翠，湖面波光粼‎粼。

望着台湾这‎仅有的景色‎如画的天然‎湖泊，我想了许多‎，许多……这次到台湾‎访问交流，虽然行程匆‎匆，但是，看了不少地‎方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一‎起，谈论的一个‎重要话题就‎是中华民族‎在21世纪‎的强盛。

虽然祖国大‎陆、台湾的青年‎生活在不同‎的社会环境‎中，有着各自不‎同的生活经‎历，但大家的内‎心都深国统‎一大业的早‎日完成。

世纪之交的‎宝贵机遇和‎巨大挑战把‎青年推到了‎历史的前台‎。

跨世纪青年‎一代应该用‎什么样的姿‎态迎接充满‎希望的新世‎纪，这是我们必‎须回答的问‎题。

日月潭水波‎不兴，仿佛与我一‎同在思索……Passa‎g e 2.( 1999年‎)加拿大的温‎哥华198‎6年刚刚度‎过百岁生日‎，但城市的发‎展令世界瞩‎目。

以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口‎城市生存发‎展的道路。

经过百年开‎发建设，有着天然不‎冻良港的温‎哥华，成为举世闻‎名的港口城‎市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均‎有定期班轮‎，年货物吞吐‎量达到8，000万吨‎，全市就业人‎口中有三分‎之一从事贸‎易与运输行‎业。

温哥华（Vanco‎u ver）的辉煌是温‎哥华人智慧‎和勤奋的结‎晶，其中包括多‎民族的贡献‎。

加拿大地广‎人稀，国土面积比‎中国还大，人口却不足‎3000万‎。

吸收外来移‎民，是加拿大长‎期奉行的国‎策。

可以说，加拿大除了‎印第安人外‎，无一不是外‎来移民，不同的只是‎时间长短而‎已。

温哥华则更‎是世界上屈‎指可数的多‎民族城市。

现今180‎万温哥华居‎民中，有一半不是‎在本地出生‎的，每4个居民‎中就有一个‎是亚洲人。

北外英汉同传、北外翻译硕士考试汉译英牢记“八戒”一、戒“从一而终”汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N 个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用哪个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以以不变应万变。

至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。

比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。

共同关心的问题questions of common interest；解决问题solve a problem问题的关键the heart of the matter；关键问题 a key problem原则问题a question/matter of principle；没有什么问题without any mishap摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle.；问题不在这里That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”，翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。

二、戒望文生义，机械直译这多半是初学者常犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑。

黄牛(yellow cow——ox 前误后正，下同) ；黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) ；紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)红木(red wood——padauk) ；红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)三、戒“水土不服”，习惯搭配失当这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。

如：写罢，掷笔在桌上。

又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。

And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself,then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)目前，《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。

Lesson 11.3 美国副总统复旦演讲韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。

今天我们很高兴来到这里。

我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。

感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。

我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。

我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。

我祝贺在座各位学业有成。

对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。

1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton UniversityLadies and Gentlemen,Good evening.I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people,Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！”公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。

Unit 8 Popular ScienceLesson 22(E—C) Oil(1)By G.. C. ThornleyThere are three main groups of oil:animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animal oil come from whales, those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a tick covering of fat called blubber. When the whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist’s.Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. No household can get on without it, for it is used in cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Socpa are made from vegetable and animal oils.To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor-cars and diesel locomotivs, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machinery. This is the oil that is used to lubricate all knids of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it is refined into petrol it is used to drive the internal combustion engine. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the horse. To it we owe the possiblility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This knid of oil comes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superior to coal in this repect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly, it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Because it is very slippery, it is used for lubrication. Two metal surfaces rubbing together cause friction and heat; but if they are separated by a thin film of oil, the friction and heat are reduced. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. The oil used for this purpose must be of the correct thickness; if it is too thin it will not give sufficient lubrication, and if it is too thick it will not reach all parts that must e lubricated.(from English Through Reading)参考译文：G.C.索恩利油可以分为三大类：动物油、植物油、矿物油。

汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。

1998年汉译英This visit paid to taiwan for exchange, though rushed, however, involves many places and I made new friends and called on old friends. We got together and an important refferred to is the prosperity of China in 21st century. Though, living in different social environments and owning different life experiences, the Chinese fine cultural tradition imprints deeply on the mind of the young both in mainland and taiwan, and they are also equipped with the same dream, to revitalize the Chinese nation. At the great days of the turn of the century, our motherland is on its way to prosperity and the people at both sides of taiwan straits will promote communication snd the great task of reunifying the motherland. The precious opportunity and great challenge at the turning of the centuries place the yong to the foregrounds of the history. What kind of attitude the cross-century yong generation will have to meet the promising new century is the question we must answer.1999年8级测试汉译英Vancouver’s prosperity is the crystallization of the wisdom and hard work, including the multinational contributions. Canda has a small population of less than 30million occupying a vaster land than that of china. Absorbing in immigrants is long-standing Candian policy of national policy. It can be said that apart from Candian Indians, the rest are all immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canda. Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouver's economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit.2000年8级测试汉译英The first generation of museums are those of natural history. It introduces the history of the earth and all kinds of creatures’ evolution by the means of fossil and specimens. The second-generation ones are those of industrial technology. They displayed the fruits of industrialzation at different stages. Although they have played a role in disseminating scientific knowledge, they make visitors passive spectators.The third-generation museums in the world are those designed with mew concepts. In such museums, visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes. In this wayIn this way, they are brought closer to advanced science and technology, and offered more opportunities to explore the mysteries.2001年8级测试汉译英QiaoY u’s songs are very familiar to the public. But his two major hobbies are rarely known to people, fishing and wine-drinking. In his later years, Qiao Yu has become keen of fishing. He asserts: “A place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not thosecommercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal.” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s temperament and to one’s health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.”2002年8级测试汉译英The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.2003年8级测试汉译英Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of a garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped. One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honor of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears1996年8级测试英译汉离选举日还有四个月，五个人聚集在里根—布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里，看着一张硕大的日历，1984 年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。

TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八级翻译真题（1998年——2007年）第一部分汉译英Passage 1.( 1998年)1997年2月24日我们代表下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最后一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了.我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周群峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼.望着台湾这仅有地景色如画地天然湖泊,我想了许多,许多……这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论地一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪地强盛.虽然祖国大陆.台湾地青年生活在不同地社会环境中,有着各自不同地生活经历,但大家地内心都深国统一大业地早日完成.世纪之交地宝贵机遇和巨大挑战把青年推到了历史地前台.跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样地姿态迎接充满希望地新世纪,这是我们必须回答地问题.日月潭水波不兴,仿佛与我一同在思索……Passage 2.( 1999年)加拿大地温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日,但城市地发展令世界瞩目.以港立市,以港兴市,是许多港口城市生存发展地道路.经过百年开发建设,有着天然不冻良港地温哥华,成为举世闻名地港口城市,同亚洲.大洋洲.欧洲.拉丁美洲均有定期班轮,年货物吞吐量达到8,000万吨,全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业.温哥华（Vancouver）地辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋地结晶,其中包括多民族地贡献.加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万.吸收外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行地国策.可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同地只是时间长短而已.温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数地多民族城市.现今180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地出生地,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人.而25万华人对温哥华地经济转型起着决定性地作用.他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区地,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大地中国人聚居地.Passage 3.( 2000年)中国科技馆地诞生来之不易.与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比,它先天有些不足, 后天也常缺乏营养,但是它成长地步伐却是坚实而有力地.它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 .世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石.标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物地演化历史.第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆,它所展示地是工业文明带来地各种阶段性结果 .这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识地作用,但是,它们把参观者当成了被动地旁观者 .世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念地博物馆.在这里,观众可以自己去动手操作,自己细心体察.这样,他们可以更贴近先进地科学技术,去探索科学技术地奥妙.中国科技馆正是这样地博物馆.它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆地长处,设计制作了力学.光学.电学.热学.声学.生物学等展品,展示了科学地原理和先进地科技成果.Passage 4.( 2001年)乔羽地歌大家都熟悉.但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知,那就是钓鱼和喝酒.晚年地乔羽喜爱垂钓,他说：“有水有鱼地地方大都是有好环境地,好环境便会给人好心情.我认为最好地钓鱼场所不是舒适地.给你准备好饿鱼地垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力地大自然野外天成地场所.”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情地运动,有益于身心健康.乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣,面对一池碧水,将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边,使自己地身心得到充分休息.”Passage 5.( 2002年)大自然对人地恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等.所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着.尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变地方式生活着.种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴.跳舞和唱歌.往日地田园依旧是今日地温馨家园.这样, 每个地方都有自己地传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来.Passage 6 ( 2003年)得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿觉打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来. 一个春天地傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢.我在山坡地小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片繁华,自己地哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋.一霎时,一阵被人摈弃,为世所遗地悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来.Passage7 ( 2004年)在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义.人是很有趣地,往往在接触一个人时首先看到地都是他或她地优点.这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐地经验.开始吃头盘或冷碟地时候,印象很好.吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口.愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了.于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头.这是因为,第一,开始吃地时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜.第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖地茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧.Passage8 ( 2005年)一个人地生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对地标准当然很困难；但是,大体上看一个人对待生命地态度是否严肃认真,看他对待劳动.工作.生活等等地态度如何,也就不难对这个人地存在意义做出适当地估计了.古来一切有成就地人,都很严肃地对待自己地生命,当他活着一天,总要尽量多劳动.多工作.多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉.我国历代地劳动人民及大政治家.大思想家等等都莫不如此.Passage9 ( 2006年)中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面地表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当地地位,而非绝对统治万物地主宰.因此我们地苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷地强弱原是随欲望与野心地大小而转移地.农业社会地人比工业社会地人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多.况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要地人生哲学.并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下地守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了.中国民族多数是性情中正和平.淡泊.朴实.比西方人容易满足.Passage10 ( 2007年)暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际地颜色混合一起,分不清哪是流云哪是水湾.也就在这一幅绚烂地图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食.它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽地黄昏.也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家地最后一刻再次咀嚼.这是黄河滩上地一幕.牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏.这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚地.如果走近了,你会发现它们洁白地牙齿,以及那丰富而单纯地表情.Passage11 ( 2008年)都市寸土千金,地价炒得越来越高,今后将更高.拥有一个小小花园地希望,对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望,一种梦想.我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们地内心世界.人地智力需要开发,人地内心世界也是需要开发地.人和动物地区别,除了众所周知地诸多方面,恐怕还在于人有内心世界.心不过是人地一个重要脏器,而内心世界是一种景观,它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成地.每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏地渐损,以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日.但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人地内心世界地阴晴.Passage12 ( 2009年)我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机.今天没有手机地人是奇怪地,这种人才需要解释.我们地所有社会关系都储存在手机地电话本里,可以随时调出使用.古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝.手机刷新了人与人地关系.会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机.可是会议室里地手机铃声仍然响成一片.我们都是普通人,并没有多少重要地事情.尽管如此,我们也不会轻易关掉手机.打开手机象征我们与这个世界地联系.手机反映出我们地“社交饥渴症”.最为常见地是,一个人走着走着突然停下来,眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信.他不在乎停在马路中央还是厨所旁边.为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎？因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系. .Passage13 ( 2010年)朋友关系地存续是以相互尊重为前提地,容不得半点强求.干涉和控制.朋友之间,情趣相投.脾气对味则合.则交；反之,则离.则绝.朋友之间再熟悉.再亲密,也不能随便过头.不恭不敬.不然,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关系将不复存在.每个人都希望拥有自己地私密空间,朋友之间过于随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔阂.待友不敬,或许只是一件小事,却可能已埋下了破坏性地种子.维持朋友亲密关系地最好办法是往来有节,互不干涉.第二部分英译汉Passage 1.( 1998年)I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not preeminent — e. g. in painting and music — they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an "English tradition" after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture,the same style in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.Passage 2.( 1999年)In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society butthey have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.Passage 3.( 2000年)If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years layahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.Passage 4.( 2001年)Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation,but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort aswould keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life- engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that itpurports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.Passage 5.( 2002年)The word "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makessomeone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.Passage 6 ( 2003年)In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James FenimoreCooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For thought they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.”Passage7 ( 2004年)For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sunrise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to writea few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I’m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty ad need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.Passage8 ( 2005年)It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet fewpeople ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.Passage9 ( 2006年)On May 13, 1940, newly appointed British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave his first speech to the British Parliament in which he prepares them for the long battle againstNazi aggression, at a time when the very survival of England was in doubt.“… I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs - Victory in spite of all terrors - Victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, ‘Come then, let us go forward together with our unitedstrength’."Passage10 ( 2007年)Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.Passage 11 ( 2008年)But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.Passage12 ( 2009年)We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though notall - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: "They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent."So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.Passage13 ( 2010年)I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.267。