非谓语动词——动名词(一)
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非谓语动词——动名词(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--第十五讲:非谓语动词——动名词教学重点:掌握动名词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:动名词的考点依次为作宾语,作主语,作定语,作表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
动名词1.动名词简述:动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。
由动词+ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。
动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语(介词宾语和动宾)和表语,还可以作定语。
同时,动名词仍然具有动词的若干特点,它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动名词作主语Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Having done the work is an experience you’ll never forget.做过这种工作,就会使你永生难忘。
注意:动名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数。
(详见上三例)用It作形式主语用动名词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,有时也用It作形式主语。
It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.在there be句型中只能用动名词作主语(不用不定式)There is no + ---ing. (…..是不可能的)= It is impossible to…..= No one can…..There is no telling what will happen.= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.无法预言将会发生什么事情。
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
Ⅰ、动名词的形式:一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done完成式(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能:一、作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。
二、作表语:In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成:(to )+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)谓 构成:V.-ing语 动名词动 用法(主、宾、表、定)词构成:V. -ing / V.-ed (规则变化)分词用法(表、补、定、状)(一)动名词一、动名词的构成:动名词一般由“动词原形+ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式Looking after us was a full-time job,so she stay at home.Collecting stamps is interesting.*动名词作主语表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。
当动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如在it is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing sth. 句式中,就用it作形式主语,动名词作真正的主语;而动词不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
非谓语动词之动名词一、动名词作主语1.一般置于句首:Reading English is easier than speaking it.2.有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。
It will be nice seeing them again.这类句子结构常见的还有:1)It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success.3)Is it any good…?Is it any good trying to exp1ain?4)It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it.3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语:There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…二、动名词作表语连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.三、动名词作宾语1.作动词宾语:This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。
形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。
动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。
动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语 1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。
例如:Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is…"两种句式来表示。
例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。
但在下列几种情况中不能互换:当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。
但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …二、作表语1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。
非谓语动词—动名词一.构成:二.动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 三.句法功能1. 作主语:表示习惯性行为,谓语动词用单数。
句型:no use /no goodnot any use / good + doingIt be of little use /goodworthIt’s worth making an appointment before you go .2. 作宾语:1) 只用doing 作宾语的动词:建议承认感激、欣赏避免允许禁止推迟原谅考虑喜欢结束幻想否认介意想象冒险逃避坚持理解包括见到错过练习报告做了原谅抵抗阻止、防止容忍、忍受考虑建议盼原谅承认推迟没得想否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险不禁介意准逃亡advise , allow, forbid, permit ,consider doingsb to do 2) 接doing 的短语:习惯于导致致力于、贡献回去继续做坚持反对开始考虑注意不能忍受放弃想要坚持感谢道歉忙于做…有困难花费做开心做1) doing 用于there be 和have 句型中:someanysb have much + difficulty / trouble ( in ) doinglittlea littlesome / anythere be little / a little + difficulty / trouble +(in) doingmuchsb have funa pleasure + (in) doinga good time there be no needuseharm + (in) doinggoodhurry2) 接to do 和doing的区别:remember forget regret stop trymeanlearngo on/ continuebe afraidfearcan’t helpbe surelove/ likehate/ dislikepreferstart/ begin3) want / need / require to dodoing = to be donesb to dodeserve n. be worth n.doing / to be done doing to be donebe worthy n. (不可接钱、价格)ofbeing done3.作表语:表抽象、概念,指多次经常的工作。
⼗.⾮谓语动词之动名词⼀ 动名词的句法功能动名词(T he Gerund)由动词加-ing构成,兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。
动名词句法功能如下:1.动名词作主语动名词可以在句中作主语。
例如:Keeping a house is a t iring job. 管理家务是⼀件很劳累的事。
Wat ching English T V news is a good way t o learn English. 看英语电视新闻是学英语的好⽅法。
也可以⽤先⾏词it,将动名词置于句末。
某些形容词如good, foolish, wonderful, useless, difficult, nice等可以⽤ 于上述结构。
例如:It's useless t rying again. 再试也没⽤。
It is boring playing t he violin all day. 整天拉⼩提琴很乏味。
但在import ant, necessary, essent ial, impossible等形容词后通常⽤不定式。
某些名词fun, luck, pleasure, relief, mist ake, pain, use, good也⽤于上述结构。
例如:It is fun boat ing on t he lake. 在湖上划船很有乐趣。
It is no good/use crying over spilt milk. 覆⽔难收。
动名词也可以在“T here is no+动名词”结构中作主语,意为“不可能…”。
例如:T here is no knowing how t he ancient Egypt ians built t he pyramids. 不可能知道古代埃及⼈是如何建造⾦字塔的。
“No+动名词”固定省略结构表示“禁⽌”。
例如:No lit t ering. 不准乱扔杂物。
(揭示语)2.动名词作表语动名词作表语,对主语补充说明。
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也是一种非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是指在句子中不具备谓语功能的动词形式,不指示动作或状态的发生、进行或完成。
非谓语动词包括动名词(-ing 形式)、不定式(to + 动词原形)和分词(-ed 形式或-ing 形式)。
它们与谓语动词的形式和功能有所不同。
动名词作为一种非谓语动词形式,具有名词的特性,可以在句子中担任名词的各种角色,如主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
例如:Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对健康有害。
)I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
)His favorite activity is playing soccer.(他最喜欢的活动是踢足球。
)不定式作为一种非谓语动词形式,通常由to 加上动词原形构成。
它可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的角色,如名词的主语、宾语、表语,形容词的定语或副词的状语。
例如:To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)I want to learn how to play the guitar.(我想学习如何弹吉他。
)He is happy to see his friends.(他很高兴见到他的朋友。
)分词作为一种非谓语动词形式,分为过去分词(-ed 形式)和现在分词(-ing 形式)。
它们可以作为形容词或副词来修饰名词或代词。
例如:The broken window needs to be repaired.(坏掉的窗户需要修理。
)The boy running in the park is my cousin.(在公园里跑步的男孩是我表弟。
)总结来说,动名词和不定式都是非谓语动词的一种形式,但动名词是一种名词形式,而不定式是一种由to 加上动词原形构成的形式。
它们在句子中的角色和用法有所不同。
非谓语动词————动名词1. The man caught hold of the side of the lifeboat and narrowly escaped ______.A. to be drownedB. from drowningC. being drownedD. from being drowned2. _____ for several years, I was excited to return to the place where I was born and brought up.A. Since being awayB. Since leavingC. After being awayD. After being left3. Instead of _____ the teacher to explain, Mary _____ her own conclusion.A. waiting, came toB. waiting, reachedC. waiting for, formedD. waiting for, draw4. _____ by the teacher to leave the classroom made him feel ashamed.A. AskedB. Being askedC. Having askedD. to have asked5. ______ by his colleagues as a “distinguished teacher” has supported the notion (观念) that he is doing a good job.A. Being electedB. ElectedC. ElectingD. Having elected6. – What do you think his job is in the restaurant?- Just ____ plates and dishes in the kitchen.A. washB. washingC. to be washingD. of washing7. I can hardly stand his rude manners. I object _____ like a child.A. to being treatedB. being treatedC. to be treatedD. to treat8. – Do you mean _____ a ballet dancer?- Yes.- But training to be a ballet dancer means ____ at least six hours every day.A. being, practisingB. to be, practisingC. to be, to practiseD. being, to practise9. I suppose _____ something and _____ it understand and accepted is satisfactory.A. write, haveB. writing, havingC. to write, havingD. writing, to have10. – Did you hear about _____ his job?- Yes. I was surprised because he’s a fine worker.A. Robert being lostB. Robert to have lostC. Robert losingD. Robert had lost11. I have no objection _____ the weekend with my children.A. to spendB. to spendingC. for you to spendD. to your spending12. “Did you help with the new advertisement?”“Yes, I was in charge of the work _____ on it.”A. doingB. which doneC. being doneD. to do13. This model worker is worth ____.A. learning fromB. being learned fromC. to be learned fromD. to learn from14. “I’m afraid you’ll have to come to an interview before we decide whether we’ll hire you.”“That’s OK. I wouldn’t mind ______.”A. interviewB. interviewingC. being interviewedD. having interviewed15. “Let me tell you something about the journalists.”“Don’t you remember ______ me the story yesterday?”A. toldB. tellingC. to tellD. to have told16. Please excuse _____ you.A. me to delayB. for me to delayC. for my delayingD. my delaying17. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_____ her new bicycle.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing18. These football players had no strict ____ until they joined our club.A. practiseB. educationC. trainD. training19. Just after putting away the dishes, _____.A. the doorbell rang loudB. Nancy heard the doorbell ringC. someone knocked at the doorD. the doorbell was rung20. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time21. _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed22. I don’t think the play is worth _____.A. to seeB. seeingC. to be seenD. being seen23. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up24. “I usually go there by train.”“Why not _____ by boat for a change?”A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going25. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. you’re calling26. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.A. to persuadeB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded27. How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking28. “I must apologize for ____ ahead of time.”“That’s all right.”A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you know29. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in30. Once your business becomes international, ______ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flightD. flying31. “The old lady has been sad since her husband died.”“Yes, she needs _____.”A. being comfortedB. comfortingC. be comfortedD. to comfort32. They didn’t like him at first, but they ended up ____ the praises of him.A. to singB. singingC. and sangD. sung33. Some movie stars are always wearing sunglasses, afraid of ______.A. recognizing some fansB. being recognizedC. having been recognizedD. having recognized34. You can hardly imagine Bob ____ the housework by himself.A. doB. have doneC. to doD. doing35. The new computer leads to _____ a lot of people and labour. It’s a ____ machine.A. save, labour-savingB. saving, labour-savedC. saving, labour-savingD. save, labour-saved36. What made me puzzled was _____ to Jiao Tong University.A. her being not admittedB. being her not admittedC. her not being admittedD. having not been admitted37. What about _____ to the Summer Palace ____ the weekend.A. to go, forB. to go, atC. going, forD. going at38. Can you imagine the best boy in the class ______ in the examination?A. CheatingB. to cheatC. cheatD. to have cheated39. They say _____ is no use _______ over spilt milk.A. that, to cryB. it, to cryC. that, cryingD. it, crying40. Do you remember ______ to professor Smith during your last visit?A. to be introducedB. being introducedC. having introducedD. to have introduced41. The manager of the company said they should have prevented such silly mistakes ______.A. occurringB. being occurredC. to occurD. from being occurred42. _______ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.A. ThatB. WhichC. WhateverD. If43. We were delighted to find the trees planted a year before _____ very tall.A. grownB. being grownC. to have been growingD. growing44. She didn’t mind _____ all her spare time to _____ the sick old woman.A. to give, helpB. to give, helpingC. giving, helpD. giving, helping45. Your door needs _____. Would you like me to do it for you?A. to paintB. paintingC. paintD. to be painting46. It’s no use _____ me at the office this week because I’m ________.A. to ring, on my leaveB. to ring, at leaveC. ringing, in holidaysD. ringing, on holiday47. On hearing the _____ result, all the teachers of Class Six couldn’t help _____.A. satisfied, to jumpB. satisfactory, to jumpC. satisfied, jumpingD. satisfactory, jumping48. What I really mean is the noise of ______.A. the desks being opened and shutB. the desks’ being opened and shutC. the desks opening and shuttingD. the desks’ opening and shutting49. Why not try _____ in more sugar – that might make the soup taste a bit better?A. putB. to putC. puttingD. being put50. The farmer who admitted _____ the tiger was severely punished.A. to killB. killingC. killedD. to have killed51. _____ the sad news, she burst out ______.A. On, cryingB. At, cryingC. At, tearsD. On, tears52. His hesitation means _____ the chance.A. to give upB. giving upC. to give inD. giving in53. _____ president for so long, it was an unpleasant thought that he would have to take a back seat.A. After beingB. BeingC. To have beenD. Not being54. Do you remember _____ to Mr. Green during your last visit?A. to be introducedB. being introducedC. to introduceD. having introduced55. I realized we should do something to avoid _____ to death.A. freezingB. to freezeC. to be frozenD. being frozen56. You may have been right when you said I didn’t have to help him. But I don’t regret ___ what I thought was right.A. having to doB. being doneC. to doD. to have done57. Soon I got used _____ at seven in the morning.A. to riseB. to have risenC. to risingD. to be rising58. Excuse _____ you, but I have an important message for you.A. me to interruptB. for my being interruptedC. my interruptingD. me of interrupting59. She used to _____ a girl used to ____ jokes.A. be, makeB. be, makingC. being, makingD. being , tell60. No one likes _____ at in public.A. a laughingB. to laughC. laughedD. being laughed61. Mike doesn’t regret ____ even if it might have upset her.A. to tell her what he thoughtB. to tell her that he thoughtC. telling her what he thoughtD. telling her that he thought62. Do you think his hesitation means ______ an underwater tunnel here?A. giving up buildingB. to give up buildingC. giving up to buildD. to give up to build63. There is no risk ______ when your boat is upset if you learn to swim.A. of your being drownedB. for you to be drownedC. that you will be drownedD. at you being drowned64. The idea of fighting a noise ____ more noise wounds strange, but that’s exactly what some scientists are doing.A. to makeB. for makingC. only to makeD. by making65. Doctors say that ____ to sunlight for a long time is harmful to one’s skin.A. exposedB. exposingC. being exposedD. to expose66. A man can never accomplish if he always puts off _____ a decision.A. to makeB. makingC. in makingD. till making67. I regretted _____ my son for the mistake, for I later found that it was my own fault.A. to blameB. blamingC. blamedD. being to blame68. The whole family objected _____ a Japanese.A. Jane to marryB. that Jane should marryC. to Jane’s marryingD. Jane from marrying69. Having lived in France for many years, they still enjoyed the foods ____ in their homeland.A. which were used to havingB. they were used to havingC. which used to haveD. they were used to have70. ______ the next morning upset his parents very much.A. His being operated onB. Her would be operated onC. Him to be operated onD. The fact that he be operated on71. They couldn’t stand _____ by the host at the party.A. to be neglectedB. being neglectedC. neglectedD. that they were neglected72. A heavy smoker is usually unaware of the damage _____ to his body while he continues to smoke.A. having been doneB. to have been doneC. to be doingD. being done73. I can hardly imagine Kate _____ so difficult a job in three days.A. doingB. to do c. to have done D. has done74. The news of victory _____ in.A. keep pouringB. keep to pourC. keeps pouringD. keeps poured75. He ______ to bed early, but now he ______ to bed late.A. used to go, is used to goingB. used to go, is used to goC. uses to go, is used to goD. uses to go, is used to going76. It is no use _____ a lot without doing anything.A. talkB. talking c. to talk D. to talking77. I can hardly imagine Victor _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. to sail B. sailing D. to have sailed78. They dare not tell the truth, for they are afraid _____.A. to be laughedB. of laughing atC. of being laughed atD. being laughed at79. Only ____ students in Senior Three can _____ so much time traveling.A. very few, takeB. a few, spareC. few, findD. few, spend80. The rocks brought from the moon are ______.A. worth to studyB. worthy of being studiedC. worthy of studyingD. worth being studied81. I need ______ a cleaner. The room needs ______.A. to get, to cleanB. get, to be cleanedC. getting, cleaningD. to get, cleaning82. Don’t you still remember _____ him once when you were in Paris?A. having metB. to have metC. to meetD. had met83. My uncle _____ live in the north, but he _____ the hot weather in the south now.A. used to, is used toB. used to, used toC. was used to, is used toD. was used to, used to84. His stomach began to _____ because of the bad food he had eaten.A. painB. acheC. be hurtD. go bad85. “What made his mother angry?”“____________.”A. Because he had lost the ticketB. Because of his having lost the ticketC. As he had lost the ticketD. Having lost the ticket86. He kept _____ how things were going on in the earthquake areas.A. informed us ofB. informing us ofC. us informing ofD. informing on87. That’s one of those questions that really don’t need _____.A. to answerB. answerC. answeringD. being answered88. Have you got used to ______ in a quiet place?A. to live aloneB. live aloneC. living aloneD. lived alone89. Without _____, the boy was hit by a third bullet and fell from the tree, dead.A. able to finish his wordsB. abling to finish his wordsC. being able to finish his wordsD. being able finished his words90. the children are fond of _____ to the New Year party, and they don’t mind ____ there till midnight.A. inviting, keepingB. invite, keepC. be invited, stayD. being invited, being kept91. Her suggestion is worth ____ seriously.A. consideringB. being consideredC. to considerD. of considering92. Did you have difficulty _____ the professor’s house in the dark?A. to findB. findingC. by findingD. to have found93. It is no use ____ any more since you have made the decision.A. to discussB. to be discussedC. discussingD. for discussion94. Trying without success is better than _____ at all.A. not to tryB. to not tryC. not tryingD. trying not95. The milk is too cold. It requires ______.A. to heatB. heatingC. to be hotD. being heated96. _________ the work in that way would cost much more time and money.A. If doingB. DoC. To be doingD. Doing97. Do you object _____ Japanese as a second foreign language?A. to my choosingB. for me to chooseC. that I chooseD. that I should choose98. Anyone who does a crime won’t _____.A. escape to be punishedB. be escaped punishingC. be escaped to punishD. escape being punished99. _____ as the top student on her campus made her parents very happy.A. Jane was chosenB. Jane’s being chosenC. Jane chosenD. Jane to be chosen 100. The murderer was sentenced to death even though he had admitted _____ the small boy.A. killingB. to have killedC. to killD. by having killing 101. We are looking forward to ______ you at our party, but we wouldn’t mind ____ soon if you have to.A. have, you to leaveB. having, your leavingC. have, your leavingD. having, your being left 102. We don’t allow ______ in the school.A. smokingB. to smokeC. they smokingD. anyone smoked103. Bethune never stopped ___ to save our wounded soldiers ____ he died at his post on November 12, 1939.A. working, untilB. to work, untilC. working, not untilD. to work, not until 104. He set about _____ the experiment last month and succeeded _____ a good result.A. doing, in gettingB. doing, to getC. to do, in gettingD. to do, to get105. I can’t _____ feeling angry about it.A. beB. helpC. sayD. do106. What about ____ a drink in that inn?A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. to having107. They went on _____ football all afternoon.A. playsB. playedC. playD. playing108. He was busy _______ his lessons.A. prepareB. to prepareC. preparingD. prepared109. He is _____ an artist.A. on the way to becomeB. on the way to becomingC. on way to becomeD. on the way become 110. He succeeded ______ everyone laugh.A. in makingB. to makeC. for makingD. in make111. Your window wants _____, you’d better have it _____ this week.A. cleaning, doB. to be cleaned, doC. cleaning, doneD. being cleaned, done 112. I’ll never forget _____ you for the first time.A. to meetB. meetingC. to have metD. having to be meeting 113. Tired of the cold weather in New England, Mr. And Mrs. Smith are considering _____ to the south.A. to moveB. movingC. moveD. to be moving114. ______ the Victoria Line with other lines of ten caused great problems.A. ConnectB. ConnectingC. ConnectedD. Connection115. The _____ video games all day made his mother very angry.A. child’s playingB. child playingC. child’s playD. child play116. These days he is busy ____ a job but no job _____ him.A. finding, suitB. look for, suitC. finding, is suitable toD. looking for, suits 117. The old nurse devoted herself ______ the patients.A. to look afterB. to looking afterC. in looking afterD. for looking after 118. The house needs _____ before we move in.A. to cleanB. being cleanedC. cleanedD. cleaning119. If you miss _____ for a couple of hours, no harm _____ to you.A. sleeping, will doB. to sleep, will be doneC. to sleep, will doD. sleeping, will be done 120. She didn’t mind _____ all her spare time to _____ the sick old lady.A. to give, helpB. to give, helpingC. giving, helpD. giving, helping 121. How much time does he spend ____ piano every day?A. practising playingB. to practise playing theC. practising playing theD. to practise playing 122. I am sure all of us have had experience of _____ when we are worried about something.A. staying wakingB. remaining wakeningC. staying awakeD. remaining awakened 123. I meant to have a look at books in stock, but at last I _____ a number of reference books.A. ended up buyingB. finished withC. ended with getting upD. finished off124. ______ a supermarket near our school is a great advantage.A. There beingB. There to beC. BeingD. There is125. He suggested _____ to Beijing by plane and _____ without a word.A. going, leftB. to go, to leaveC. going, leavingD. go, left126. He walked into the library on tiptoe, afraid _____ the others.A. of disturbingB. to disturbC. for disturbingD. about disturbing 127. Scanning before you read means _____ quickly and thoroughly.A. to look a passageB. looking a passageC. to look over a passageD. looking over a passage 128. Last night the policemen caught a thief _____ Wang’s car.A. when stealingB. that he stoleC. when stolenD. stealing129. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught130. At that time she was so angry that she felt like ______ something at him.A. to throwB. throwingC. to have thrownD. having thrown131. ______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The mayor will attendB. The mayor to attendC. The mayor is attendingD. The mayor’s attending 132. Mark often attempts to escape _____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to finedC. to have been finedD. being fined133. The old man caught a thief _____ Mike’s bike.A. to stealB. stealingC. steelingD. steal134. Wind can send a junk(帆船) ______.A. sailingB. to sailC. sailD. sailed135. Fancy his _____ like that.A. talkingB. to talkC. talkD. talked1. CCCBA 6. BABBC 11. DCACB 16. DCDBB 21. CBBDC 26. CCBDD 31. BBBDC 36. CCADB 41. ACDDB 46. DDACB 51. BBABD 56. ACCBD 61. CAADC 66. BBCBA 71. BDACA 76. BCCDB 81. DAABD 86. BCCCD 91. ABCCB 96. DADBA 101. BAAAB 106. ADCBA 111. CBBBA 116. DBDDD 121. CCAAA 126. ADDCB 131.DDBAA。
非谓语动词之动名词(一)做主语和表语。
动名词短语用and连起来做主语时,谓语用复数形式。
例如:Fishing in this lake is forbidden.在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中,It为形式主语,而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。
例如:It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.(二)动名词短语作宾语。
常用的能接动名词的动词有:admit承认,appreciate 感激,avoid 避免,advise 建议,can’t help 不禁,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,complete 完成,contemplate沉思、打算,defer推迟,delay 延期,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,discontinue 停止,dislike不喜欢,dispute不同意,endure 忍耐,enjoy 喜欢,escape 逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy想象,feel like 想要,finish结束,严禁,forgive 原谅,hinder 阻碍,imagine想象,keep 保持,mention 提到,mind 在意,miss 错过,pardon 饶恕、原谅,permit允许,postpone 推迟,practise 实践、练习,prevent 阻止,recall 回忆,report报告,resent 怨恨,resist抵制、阻止,risk冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 明白、理解,等等。
非谓语动词——doing(现在分词,动名词)(1)功能:在句子能做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语, 但不能单独做谓语.一:作主语Playing basket ball is very interesting .Surfing the internet could help people feel less lonely.His coming gave us great encouragement.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.还可以用it作为形式主语。
It is no good playing games on line.It is no use saying without action.It was great fun walking along the river.It is a waste of time playing the online game.It is worthwhile attending the social activity.二作宾语:He enjoys playing the guitar.(concider,finish,imagine,keep,practise,permit,prevent,risk,admit,avoid,,appreciate,excuse,delay,mind, miss,escape,dislike,abandon,oppose, tolerate/bear/stand)Her sister is good at making friends.(look forward to,be used to,devote to ,get down to,stick to, object to ,give up,go on, insist on, have difficulty/trouble in,be busy with, be fond of ,feel like,be worth)三作定语:The sleeping child is only five monhs old.There are some students reading books in the reading room.He received a letter asking for advice.四作宾语补足语:(V+宾+doing)We saw the sun rising from the east when we stood on the hill.I didn’t notice him sleeping in bed.The teacher kept the student standing out of the classroom all the morning.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有感官动词see, watch, hear, listen to, notice , observe, feel, find,catch 和使役动词have, keep, get, leave等。
英语中的非谓语动词和动名词在英语语法中,非谓语动词和动名词是非常重要的概念。
它们不仅在句子中起到了丰富句子结构和表达方式的作用,还能够帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词和动名词的概念、用法和常见的错误用法。
一、非谓语动词的概念和用法非谓语动词指的是不具备时态和人称的动词形式,它可以作为动词的补语、定语、状语等。
常见的非谓语动词形式包括不定式、动名词和分词。
不定式由"to"加动词原形构成,常用于表示目的、原因、结果等。
例如:"I want to learn English."(我想学英语。
)动名词则是动词加"ing"构成,常用于表示动作的进行或作为名词的用法。
例如:"I enjoy swimming."(我喜欢游泳。
)分词则是动词的过去分词或现在分词形式,常用于表示被动、完成、时间等。
例如:"The book written byhim is very popular."(他写的书很受欢迎。
)非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用可以根据具体的语境来确定。
例如,在句子中作为补语时,不定式可以放在及物动词之后,形容词之后或名词之后。
例如:"I want to eat pizza."(我想吃披萨。
)动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
例如:"Swimming is good for health."(游泳对健康有好处。
)分词可以作为定语、状语等。
例如:"The book written by him is very popular."(他写的书很受欢迎。
)二、动名词的概念和用法动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式,它具备动词和名词的特点,可以作为名词的用法。
动名词的形式是动词的基本形式加上"ing"。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
非谓语动词之动名词在英语中,不能单独作谓语而具有除谓语动词以外的语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分:动名词、动词不定式、分词(现在/过去分词)。
非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前直接加not。
动名词既具有动词的特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
其形式是:doing;否定式是:not doing。
(一)、动名词的形式:(1)一般式:Seeing is believing.(2)被动式:He came to the party without being invited.(3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film.(4)完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.(5)否定式(not + 动名词):I regret not following his advice.,(二)、动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如:It's no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling.It’s no use reading the book.a, ------ What made him so unhappy------ the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. Because of losingD. Losingb. Being exposed to sunlight for too much t ime will do harm to one’s skin.\(2)作宾语:We have to prevent the air from being polluted.注意:动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。
1英语非谓语之动名词(初)知识定位动名词是非谓语动词的一种,它由动词原形加-ing 构成,形式上与现在分词相同。
动名词除具有动词的性质外,还具有名词的性质。
初中学习阶段,要求学生了解基本概念,掌握一些常用的固定词组即可。
在目前的中考英语中,动名词的考察形式也是多种多样。
可能是以固定搭配的形式出现在基础题中,每年的题目在1-2 题左右;也可能在阅读和写作当中有所涉及,尤其是写作中如果适当使用动名词,会给文章增色不少。
知识梳理一、定义动名词,就是动词后加ing 的形式,即doing sth. 它的作用相当于一个名词,所以叫做“动名词”。
二、动名词的特征及作用动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词属于非谓语动词中的一种,所以它不可以做谓语。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
1、动名词作主语:Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌.Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要.Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好.动名词作主语通常用一般式,可以像动词不定式一样,用it 先行词代替,而把动名词写在后面.It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧.It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难.2、动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人.Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.3、动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习.He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉.4、动名词作宾语Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟.I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书.Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗?She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮.【例题】指出下列句子中动名词/现在分词或动名词/现在分词短语做句子的什么成份:Climbing mountains is really fun.2It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulati ons. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. a walking stickBe careful while crossing the street. Seeing is believing. My work is cleaning the house. Be careful while crossing the street.三、动名词和现在分词的区别:动名词:动词的-ing 形式,相当于名词在句子中的用法;现在分词:具有动词的特征,可以表示一个正在进行、主动的动作。
动名词一
动名词可以承担的句子成分
理解并分析句子
1. Cheating in exams is wrong.
2. Reading benefits us a lot.
3. Beating a child will do more harm than good.
翻译句子
1.阅读英语比说容易。
2.现在找工作很难。
3.吸烟会致癌。
填空练习
1._________________ (collect) stamps is her hobby.
2. It is very easy_________________ (find) other people’s faults.
3.____________ (learn) English quickly is not an easy thing.
4.____________ (see) is believing.
5. When ________________ (visit) the factory hasn’t been decided.
6._________________ (talk) to him is talking to a wall.
7.______________ (become) a scientist is my wish.
8. It’s no use _____________ (ask) me. I don’t know any more than you.理解并分析句子
1. Tom enjoys listening to music while he is reading.
2. I practice speaking English whenever possible.
3. My brother finished writing the article in a short while.
翻译句子
1.他否认昨天开会迟到了。
2.我们建议去山里露营。
3.这些衣服需要洗。
填空练习
1. I learned how____________ (ride) a bike when I was four.
2. I enjoy ____________ (dance).
3. Don’t pretend _____________ (know) everything.
4. David finished ____________ (write) the article about an hour ago.
5. I remember__________ (see) her somewhere but I can’t recall her name for the moment.
6. I must remember________ (take) my notebook with me tomorrow.
7. I regret_________ (tell) you that you have failed in the exam.
8. Her friend regretted_____ (tell) her the truth that the newly made coat didn’t fit her at all.
9. Stop____ (make) noise; your father is trying to sleep.
10. In the course of the lecture, the speaker stopped____ (ask) the
listeners a question.
11. He tried________ (get) to school on time but failed.
12. If the front door is locked, try__________ (knock) at the back door to
get in.
13. The flowers are withering. They want________ (water).
14. I want___________ (wash) my own clothes.
15. I meant ________ (go) to the exhibition, but I didn’t have enough
time.
16. Getting good marks means ________ (work) hard.
17. I like________ (swim), but I don’t like_______ (swim) in such weather. 翻译句子
1.他们考虑给她写一封信。
2.她盼望着快些见到家人。