The 33rd International Geological Congress --Earth System Science： Foundation for a Sustainable

Unit 31The first mistake is to think of mankind as a thing in itself. It isn’t.第一个错误是把人看作是某种独立的事物。

其实并不是。

It is part of an intricate web of life.人是复杂的生命网络系统中的一部分。

And we can’t think even of life as a thing in itself. It isn’t.我们甚至不能将生命本身视为某种独立的事物。

它确实不是。

It is part of the intricate structure of a planet bathed by energy from the Sun. 生命是一颗沐浴着太阳能的行星上的复杂结构的一部分。

2The Earth, in the nearly 5 billion years since it assumed approximately its present form, has undergone a vast evolution.地球自从呈目前的形状近 50 亿年以来，已经历了一场巨大的演变。

When it first came into being, it very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. 在形成的初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。

These were formed by the gradual outward movement of material as the solid interior settled together.当地球的内部固体紧压在一起时，物质的逐渐向外运动就形成了海洋和大气层。

3Nor were ocean, atmosphere, and solid crust independent of each other after formation. 地球形成之后，海洋、大气层以及坚固的地壳之间也并非相互独立。

云南东川地区地质演化与铜矿区构造特征分析我国是一个贫矿国家，尤其是铜矿的储藏量不足世界的6%；同时，我国铜矿的分布较为广泛，但是富矿较少。

这也直接导致了可以利用的铜矿资源更为贫乏。

在这样的背景下，对老矿山的深层与周边探矿迫在眉睫。

在探矿的过程中区域的地质演化与铜矿区构造特征能够为探矿与开采提供必要的理论依据。

本文以云南东川地区为研究对象，对其地质演化以及铜矿区的的构造特征进行总结与分析，希望通过本文的研究能够为后续的探矿提供必要的理论依据。

标签：地质演化构造特征云南东川1引言东川铜矿是我国著名的产铜基地，享有“天南铜都”的美誉。

东川铜矿区在大地构造位置上处于扬子板块西缘，属于昆阳中元古代大陆裂谷内会理-东川东西向裂陷槽东端的一个梯形断陷盆地[1，2]。

该断陷盆地以同生断层为边界，东部和西部以南北向小江断裂和普渡河断裂为界，南部和北部以东西向宝九断裂和麻塘断裂为边界，四条边界断裂控制了东川梯形断陷盆地（图1）。

2东川地区地质演化根据不同矿区的构造演化历史将东川地区地质演化分为如下三个过程：（1）基底阶段（距今大约2500Ma）[2]。

东川运动使该区基底基本形成，同时Cu的总量分布也基本定型。

（2）裂堑阶段（距今大约2000Ma）[2]。

主要是通过地球内力作用对已形成的基底进行改造，并形成后期的褶皱与断层，是该区成矿的重要时期。

该时期可分为三个主要阶段：首先，地球进入冰山时期，利用冰山时期的分割作用使该区形成现阶段的地质特点；其次，火山活动填补了由于冰川活动所形成的沟壑，并形成以伴生矿为主体的多元地质结构；最后，利用地球内部动力将岩浆渗透入更为细致的空隙中，在形成整体地质特性的基础上形成了穿刺结构。

（3）挤压收缩阶段（距今大约1800Ma）[2，3]。

此阶段作用时间较长，并形成新褶皱。

由于此阶段形成的过程更为缓慢与柔和，其形成的褶皱多被保存至今。

3东川铜矿区构造特征矿区构造特征以断裂构造、褶皱构造以及刺穿构造等形式呈现，具体的构造特征如下：3.1断裂构造东川铜矿区断裂十分发育，目前已探明断层为32条[4]，以南北向及东西向两组断裂为主，且规模巨大，控制了铜矿区构造格局，使该区呈断块状展布。

AN IMPROVED TWO-PHASE PRESSURE DROP CORRELATION FOR 180° RETURN BENDSPiotr A. Domanski and Christian J. L. HermesNational Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau Drive Stop 8631Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899-8631ABSTRACTA new correlation for two-phase flow pressure drop in 180° return bends is proposed based on a total of 241 experimental data points for R-22 and R-410A. The data span smooth tubes with inner diameters (D) from 3.25 mm to 11.63 mm, bend radii (R) from 6.35 mm to 37.25 mm, and curvature ratios (2R/D) from 2.32 to 8.15. The correlation predicts all data with a mean deviation of 15.7 %, and 75 % of the data fall within ± 25 % error bands.NOMENCLATUREa0 …a4constants in equation 7 Greek lettersB straight-tube length between neighboring tubes Λ curvature multiplierd p/d l pressure gradient: in equations [Pa m-1] μ absolute viscosity [Pa s]: in figures [kPa m-1] ρ density [kg m-3]D inner diameter [m] σsurface tension [N m-1]f friction factor SubscriptsG refrigerant mass flux [kg s-1 m-2] k liquid phase or vapour phaseL bend length [m] l liquid phasep pressure [Pa] r-b return bendR bend radius [m] s-t straight tubeRe Reynolds number v vapour phaseWe Webernumberx vapour qualityINTRODUCTIONReturn bends are curved pipe fittings which connect parallel straight tubes in finned-tube heat exchangers, such as evaporators and condensers used in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The two-phase flow region occupies the major part of these coils. The pressure drops in the return bends may be of the same magnitude as those observed for straight tubes. Figure 1 shows a schematic of a return bend.Fig. 1 Schematic of a 180° return bendThe first study on two-phase pressure drop in return bends is attributed to Pierre [1] who proposed a correlation based on experiments carried out with R-12 and R-22. Geary [2] studied pressure drop of R-22 using various bend geometries and indicated the importance of the centre-to-centre distance. Chisholm [3] and Paliwoda [4] proposed correlations for two-phase pressure drops in return bends although they did not provide validation of their correlations against experimental data. Recently, Chen et al. [5] and Chen et al. [6] studied flows involving water-air mixtures and R-410A, respectively, through different bend geometries.In the present work, a set of 241 experimental data points obtained from Geary [2] and Chen et al. [6] was used to derive a new, improved correlation that can be applied within the whole two-phase region for smooth-tube return bends. All refrigerant property calculations were based on REFPROP [7].AVAILABLE EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND CORRELATIONSGeary’s [2] Database and CorrelationGeary [2] conducted experiments with two-phase, adiabatic flows of R-22 at 4.5 o C for bends with inner diameters of 11.38 mm to 11.63 mm, curvature ratios from 2.32 to 6.55, vapour-quality range from 0.2 to 0.8, and mass fluxes from 100 kg s -1m -2 to 500 kg s -1m -2, for a total of 145 data points. He tested two bends assembled in series and separated by a 190D length tube. He correlated the two-phase pressure drop by using a single-phase pressure drop equation for vapour flow only:vx G D L f p ρ222=Δ(1)where the dimensionless friction factor f is given by:25.15.02215.0exp Re a xD R f v⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛=(2) In the above equation, a =8.03x10-4, and Re v =xGD/μv is the vapour Reynolds number. (Note that Geary’s paper usesa =5.58x10-6 [ft 2 in -2] to compensate for the British units he selected to use in Eq. (1). Consequently, Geary’s friction factor is not dimensionless).Chen et al.’s [6] Database and CorrelationChen et al. [6] conducted experiments with two-phase, adiabatic flows of R-410A at 10 o C and 25 o C saturation temperatures spanning the vapour qualities from saturated liquid to saturated vapour. The inner diameters varied from 3.25 mm to 5.07 mm, the curvature ratios were from 3.91 to 8.15, and the mass fluxes were from 100 kg s -1m -2 to 900 kg s -1m -2. The test section comprised nine bends located in one plane, connected in series in a serpentine configuration.Based on Geary’s [2] and their own data, Chen et al. [6] proposed a correlation which uses the formulation presented by Geary (1975) with a modification to the friction factor correlation. They included the Weber number, We =G 2D/ρv σ, to account for the effects of liquid surface tension and gas inertia, and replaced the vapour Reynolds number by a combined vapour and liquid Reynolds number, Re m =Re v +Re l (Re v =xGD/μv , Re l =(1-x)GD/μl ), which yielded:26.112.035.022194.0exp We Re 10xD R f m ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛=− (3)A total of 132 tests points from the study by Chen et al. [6] were made available to the authors for three out offour geometries tested Chen [8]. Table 1 presents details of these three bend arrangements.Table 1 Bend geometries tested by Chen et al. [6] Bend #1 Bend #2 Bend #3 D , mm 3.3 3.25 5.07 R , mm 13.45 6.35 13.15 B , mm 23.5 24.5 23 2R/D 8.15 3.91 5.19 B/D 7.12 7.54 4.54 # data points 60 36 36Figure 2 compares Geary’s [2] and Chen et al.’s [6] experimental data with the predictions by the Chen et al. [6] correlation. The mean deviation of predictions is 19.1 % with most of the data located within the ±50 % error bands.IMPROVED CORRELATIONWe propose a new correlation based on the two-phase pressure drop correlation for straight tubes by Muller-Steinhagen & Heck [9] and a multiplier which accounts for the bend curvature. The Muller-Steinhagen & Heck [9] correlation predicts the two-phase pressure drop in a straight tube based on the pressure drops of liquid and vapour phases, which are calculated separately.kk kG D f lp ρ22d d =(4)where f k =0.079 Re k -0.25, Re k =GD/µk , and k represents either v or l .The pressure drops computed for each phase are combined:()331d d 1d d d d 2d d d d x l p x l p l p x l p lp v l v lts +−⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛−+=− (5)We propose that the pressure drop in the return bend to be calculated by applying a “curvature” multiplier, Λ, to thestraight-tube correlation:ts br lp lp −−Λ=d d d d (6)We derived the curvature multiplier Λ via the Buckinham-PI Theorem using four dimensionless groups. The first term is the vapour Reynolds number accounts for the influence of vapour velocity, xG/ρv , while the second and the third terms are related to mass distribution for each phase. The last term accounts for the effects of the bend curvature.4321aa aa 0211a ⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛⎟⎠⎞⎜⎝⎛−⎟⎟⎠⎞⎜⎜⎝⎛=ΛD R x GxD v l v ρρμ (7)where the coefficients, determined from the Least Squares Method, are given in Table 2 in column (A).Figure 3 plots the pressure drop predictions for all available experimental data using the coefficients from column (A). While the agreement between the measurements and correlation is generally good, the correlation underpredicts several points for bend #3 from the Chen et al. [6] database. We note that, in the #3 experimental arrangement, the straight tubes connecting the subsequent bends had a straight length of approximately four tube diameters, while Hoang & Davis [10] suggested that a length equal to nine tube diameters is required to completely mix the phases after leaving a return bend. We thus speculate that the connection tubes were too short in the #3 configuration to allow the flow to re-establish the straight-tube flow pattern, and thus resulted in a larger return-bend pressure drop than would be measured otherwise. The straight-tube lengths for the #1 and #2 test configurations corresponded to approximately eight tube diameters.Since the heat exchangers used in air conditioning and refrigeration have long tubes (much longer than 9 tube diameters) that allow the refrigerant to re-establish its straight-tube flow pattern after leaving the return bend, we removed bend #3 data from the database and refitted the constants in Eq. (7). Table 2 includes the new constants in column (B), and Figure 3 shows the pressure drop predictions using these constants.0.101010000.11101001000Measured d p /d l [kPa/m]0.010.11101001000P r e d i c t e d d p /d l [k P a /m ]Fig. 2 Comparison of all data with predictions by the Chen et al. [6] correlation Fig. 3 Comparison of all measurements with predictions by the new correlation (A)P r e d i c t e d d p /d l [k P a /m ]110.11101001000Measured d p /d l [kPa/m]Table 2 Fitted coefficients for Eq. (7)Coefficient(A) 277 points - all points (B) 241 points - all points except bend #3a 0 5.2 x ⋅10-36.5 x10-3a 10.59 0.54 a 20.22 0.21 a 30.27 0.34 a 4-0.69 -0.670.11101001000Measured d p /d l [kPa/m]0.11101001000P r e d i c t e d d p /d l [k P a /m ]Fig. 4 Comparison of 241 data points with predictions by the new correlation (B)CONCLUSIONSAn improved correlation for pressure drop in return bends was developed using 145 data points for R-22 and 96 points for R-410A from two different experiments. The new correlation predicts 75 % of the experimental data points within ±25 % error bands with a mean deviation of 15.7 % for all the data.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors are grateful to Prof. I. Y. Chen, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, who kindly provided us with the R-410A pressure drop data. Thanks are also addressed to Dr. W. V. Payne, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Prof. S. Brown, Catholic University of America, for reviewing the manuscript. Mr. C. J. L. Hermes duly acknowledges CAPES Agency, Government of Brazil, for supporting his one-year sabbatical stay at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.REFERENCES[1] Pierre, B., 1964, Flow resistance with boiling refrigerants – Part II, ASHRAE Journal, October, pp. 73-77[2] Geary, D.F., 1975, Return bend pressure drop in refrigeration systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 81(1), pp. 250-265 [3] Chisholm, D., 1983, Two-phase flow in pipelines and heat exchangers, George Godwin, London, pp. 154-166[4] Paliwoda, A., 1992, Generalised method of pressure drop calculation across pipe components containing two-phase flow of refrigerants, Int. J. Refrigeration, 15(2), pp.119-125[5] Chen, I.Y., Huang, J.C., Wang, C.-C., 2004, Single-phase and two-phase frictional characteristics of small U-type wavy tubes, Int. Comm. Heat and Mass Transfer, 31(3), pp. 303-313[6] Chen, I.Y., Wang, C.-C., Lin, S.Y., 2004, Measurements and correlations of frictional single-phase and two-phase pressure drops of R410A flow in small U-type return bends, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, 47, pp. 2241-2249[7] Lemmon, E.W., McLinden, M.O., Huber, M.L., 2002, NIST Reference fluids thermodynamic and transportproperties − REFPROP 7.0, Standard Reference Database 23, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA[8] Chen, I.Y., 2004. Private Communication. National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan. [9] Muller-Steinhagen, H. & Heck, K., 1986, A simple pressure drop correlation for two-phase flow in pipes, Chem.Eng. Process, 20, pp. 297-308[10] Hoang, K., Davis, M.R., 1984, Flow structure and pressure loss for two phase flow in return bends, Transactions ofthe ASME, 106, pp. 30-37。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版12.1 Crossing culturesVOCABULARYGlobalisation1Why do you think kofi Annan said this?‘…arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity.’Kofi Annan, United Nations3What does the term globalization mean to you?4Mark the following aspects of globalization positive (+), negative (-) or don’t know (?).Compare and discuss with your partner.1 free trade (abolition of trade barriers)2 opening of markets3 social integration and merging of cultures (the global village)4 increased competition in the world market5 free movement of labour (migration of workers)6 free movement of capital7 development of advanced communications8 reduction in the cost of goods9 growing influence of multinational corporations5Which of these effects can you see particularly in your country?READINGCross-culture communication6Why is culture important to business people? Discuss with a partner.7 Read this opening passage from a book by Neil Bromford on cross-cultural communication. Choose the best‘blurb’to go on the back of the book.8 Think of a title for Neil Bromford’s book.9Look at these words (1-8) from the text above and find a synonym (A-I) for each.0 feature A unusual1 uncommon B aspect2 awareness C strange3 to lose face D knowledge4 to chat E to feel humiliated5 pressed for time F to weaken6 influence G to make conversation7 unfamiliar H in a hurryREADING1Make a list of three dos and three don’ts for people who have to do business in a different culture.2Dr A J Schuler gives advice on improving cross-cultural communication in organization. Read the text and choose the best word (A, B, C or D) to fill each gap.UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCESDirect experienceThe best way to learn about another culture is to be thrown in at the deep end. In other words, get (0) _______ experience. Try to listen to the radio or watch TV programmes from that country or go to special clubs for that specific nationality or group-discussion groups, religious groups, dance groups, etc. In any kind of contact (1) ________ the time to listen and to learn.Don’t be afraid of differenceEven if others’behaviour seems strange of foreign, remember that differences are less (2) ________ than the things we all have in common. We are all made of the same DNA, and as human beings, we share many of the same (3)_______ and basic interests. Enjoy the things we share and at the same time, try to ‘enjoy’the differences.Understand your own cultureBy thinking about your own cultural behaviour and habits, you will open your mind(4)________the behaviour of others. Also this will help you-when you are interpreting the behaviour of an unfamiliar culture-to avoid applying your own cultural (5)________ .Avoid stereotypesWe find stereotypes useful because they help us to order our world and to categorise the different people and experiences in it. They also help to (6)_______ us when we feel uncertain. On the whole though, stereotypes are very superficial and don’t take account of individual differences. Also, because they can be defensive and made to protect us from uncertainty, they often (7)_______ negative wiews of a different culture.We live in a changing worldCultres change through time, and these days, in the ‘global village’ that we live in, this process is happening more rapidly. Don’t(8)________ the effect that your interaction with another culture will have on that culture. As you try to understand them and move(9)________ them, so they will do the same and the cultre that you thought you were dealing with will have changed.Think also about how your own cultural values are being received or accommodated by your foreign (10)_____as you both try to bridge the gap.0 A unique B fist-hand C original D personnel1 A take B have C spend D pass2 A many B numerous C ample D amount3 A motors B motivators C motivations D motifs4 A up B for C of D to5 A standards B mentality C figures D thought6 A assure B ensure C insure D reassure7 A make B promote C mean D reassure8 A undergo B underprice C underestimate D understand9 A to B across C close D towards10 A opposite B counterpart C relation D workmate GRAMMARGrammar TipAll the verb forms in exercise 3 are used to speculate about the past; in other words to wonder how things might have been different from what thy actually were. Speculation3What is implied about what actually happened in each of these cases?0 If I had listened to your advice, I would never have taken the rain.I took the train and it was a disaster.1 I would be a millionaire by now if I had taken up her offer.2 If I were braver, I would have told him what I thought.3 I shouldn’t have been so hasty in my judgment of her.4 I wish we had been taught to speak languages better at school.5 Without influential political connections, he wouldn’t have got so far.6 He should have thought before he spoke.7 She could have been anything she wanted to be, if she had put her mind to it.8 In hindsight, it might have been more polite to arrive a little early.4Complete the following sentences0 I’m glad she spoke good English. It could have been (could/ be) difficult otherwise.1 If I had known I was going to have to pay for myself, I _________(never/accept) their invitation.2 No-one would have heard me say I was leaving if he _________(not/put) the call on speaker phone.3 I know you didn’t want to go to their party, but you________(should/reply) to the invitation.4 Never eat raw vegetables-they__________(might/wash) in unclean water.5 You__________(should/not/take) a gift. No-one else did and I think the hosts were embarrassed.6 I really wanted to meet Anna- I wish you____________(introduce) me.5Study the following culturally sensitive situations. What is the best way to handle each situation?1 Serge prided himself on his adventurousness with food. Until, that is, Mr Sato, the company’s main Japanese supplier, invited him out to dinner and ordered them each a dish consisting of a small charred bird. As Serge hesitated Mr Sato proceeded to eat his bird whole, head and all.2 Tina was pressed for time. She was at the Milan trade fair only for one day with too many people to see and too many things to do. Her heart sank as she saw Umberto Ginelli approaching. Signor Ginelli was one of her best customers but always seemed to have all the time in the world to chat.3 Frank was known for telling jokes in poor taste and Stefan was dreading spending another evening with him, especially with his boss there, as he was easily offended. Then Frank began,‘Did you hear the one about the Irishman and the American tourist?’4 Maison Blanc was a very expensive restaurant and Sarah had always wanted to go there. But now she was there, she couldn’t relax. Malcolm had invited everyone in the team to celebrate his promotion, but it wasn’t really clear whether he was going to pay or each person had to pay for themselves.6 Have you had any similar experiences? Describe them to your partner. Ask what they would have done in the same situation.READING1 Work with your partner to answer the following quiz taken from the in-flight2 Compare your answers with the ones given. How did you do ? Are you surprised?LISTENINGUnderstanding business culture3 12.1 You will hear an extract from the radio series The real world of business. In this programme an American electronics entrepreneur talks about his experience of doing business in China. Listen and mark one letter(A, B or C) for the correct answer.1 Jim hadn’t realized that Guanxi wasA so vital in business.B so common in Chinese culture.C such a complicated principle.2 He defines Guanxi asA building a support network of collaborators in business.B the exchange of presents between collaborators.C the experience you gain from doing business over a long time.3 A lot of foreign companiesA use Chinese interpretersB fail because they don’t understand Guanxi.C try to form partnerships with Chinese business people.4 The Chinese government’s policy on bribery isA quite relaxed.B much stricter than it used to be.C to ignore it.5 You should show an interest inA the most important person in the group.B Chinese food.C Chinese culture and society.6 When you receive a business card you shouldA read it properly before putting it away.B not put it in your pocket.C give yours at the same time.7 One reason it takes time to get an agreement isA the Chinese don’t like to commit themselves.B there are often many levels of management to go through.C they will want to solve all the small problems first.8 The most important thing isA to be patient.B to understand the tax lawsC to learn some Chinese.WRITINGA market profile report4 Following a recent business trip to China to investigate the possibilities of importing teas, your manager has asked you to write a report on the particularities of doing business over there. Write the report, including the following points:●the aims of your visit.●How your meetings with tea manufacturers went.●The reaction of your potential business partners to your proposals.●Advice and recommendations for other colleagues who follow up this visit.。

地质类奖项
以下是一些与地质相关的奖项：
1. 地质学界最高荣誉：彭罗斯奖（Penrose Medal）
这是由美国地质学会（Geological Society of America）颁发给对地球科学做出杰出贡献的个人的奖项。

2. 英国地质学会奖（Awards of the Geological Society of London）
英国地质学会颁发多种奖项，包括沃勒斯顿奖（Wollaston Medal）和比格斯比奖（Lyell Medal），以表彰在地质学领域作出卓越贡献的科学家。

3. 美国地球物理学联合会奖（Awards of the American Geophysical Union）
这个奖项体系包括许多奖项，涵盖了地球物理学、大气科学、海洋科学等多个领域，其中包括莫里奖（Maurice Ewing Medal）和陶然奖（John Adam Fleming Medal）等。

4. 欧洲地球科学联合会奖（Awards of the European Geosciences Union）
欧洲地球科学联合会颁发多种奖项，如普莱斯金奖（Louis Néel Medal）和阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳奖（Alfred Wegener Medal），以表彰在地球科学领域做出杰出贡献的人士。

5. 中国地质学会奖
中国地质学会颁发多种奖项，包括李四光奖、邵逸夫地球科学奖等，以表彰在地质学及相关领域有突出贡献的个人或团队。

请注意，这只是一些常见的地质类奖项，实际上还有许多其他地质学相关的奖项存在。

每个奖项的设立目的和评选标准可能有所不同，具体细节可以参考各个奖项的官方规定或相关组织的网站。

高中英语选择性必修三第一篇作文The Importance of English Proficiency in the Modern WorldIn the rapidly globalizing world we live in today, the ability to effectively communicate in English has become increasingly crucial. As the international language of business, science, technology, and diplomacy, English proficiency opens doors to a wealth of opportunities and is a key asset for individuals seeking to thrive in the 21st century. This essay will explore the multifaceted significance of English language skills, highlighting their importance in both personal and professional realms.One of the primary reasons why English proficiency is so valuable is its role as a universal language of communication. With English being spoken by over 1.5 billion people worldwide, it serves as a common medium that allows individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds to engage in meaningful exchange. This linguistic bridge is particularly crucial in the realms of international business and diplomacy, where the ability to navigate cross-cultural interactions and negotiate effectively can make or break deals andagreements. By being able to communicate fluently in English, professionals can build stronger relationships with clients, partners, and colleagues from around the globe, fostering collaboration and mutual understanding.Moreover, English proficiency grants individuals access to a vast repository of knowledge and information. A significant portion of the world's literature, academic journals, and online content is published in English, making it the language of choice for exchanging ideas and disseminating knowledge. For students and scholars, the ability to comprehend and engage with this wealth of English-language resources is essential for staying informed, conducting research, and contributing to the global academic discourse. In the digital age, where information is readily available at our fingertips, English proficiency enables individuals to navigate the internet and leverage online tools and platforms more effectively, opening up countless opportunities for learning, growth, and self-improvement.Beyond its practical applications, the mastery of English can also bring about personal growth and cultural enrichment. The exposure to diverse perspectives and cultural nuances that comes with learning and using English can broaden one's horizons, cultivate empathy, and foster a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of the world. By engaging with literature, films, and media in English, individuals can gain insights into different waysof thinking, values, and traditions, ultimately enhancing their own sense of identity and worldview. Moreover, the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, such as improved problem-solving skills, enhanced memory, and greater cognitive flexibility, are well-documented, making English proficiency a valuable asset for personal development and lifelong learning.In the professional realm, the advantages of English proficiency are even more pronounced. In an increasingly globalized job market, employers often prioritize candidates with strong English language skills, as they are better equipped to navigate the challenges of international collaboration, understand client needs, and represent the company effectively on a global stage. Professionals who can communicate fluently in English often have access to a wider range of job opportunities, higher salaries, and greater career advancement prospects. Furthermore, many international organizations, multinational corporations, and leading research institutions use English as their primary language of operation, making proficiency in the language a virtual necessity for those seeking to thrive in these highly competitive fields.It is worth noting that the importance of English proficiency extends beyond the individual level and has significant implications for a country's economic and social development. Nations that invest in improving English language education and fostering a skilled,multilingual workforce are better positioned to participate in the global economy, attract foreign investment, and collaborate on international initiatives. By empowering their citizens with strong English language skills, countries can unlock new avenues for trade, scientific collaboration, and cultural exchange, ultimately enhancing their global competitiveness and influence.In conclusion, the remarkable significance of English proficiency in the modern world cannot be overstated. As the language of international communication, knowledge-sharing, and professional advancement, the ability to effectively use English is a valuable asset that can open doors to a world of opportunities. Whether it is for personal growth, academic achievement, or career success, mastering the English language is an investment that pays dividends in the long run. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, the importance of English proficiency will only continue to grow, making it an essential skill for individuals and nations alike to cultivate and nurture.。

3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015)Online Rail Straightness Measurement Based on Parallel ComputingLIU Zhao1, a *, DONG Chunchen1, a, PEI Yun 3, b and KONG Jianyi2, c1College of Computer Science & Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China 2College of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China 3Equipment Department, Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, Chinaa****************.cn,b***************,c*********************.cnKeywords:rail; straightness measurement; online; parallel computing.Abstract. Rail straightness measurement is critical in rail production, in which the detecting speed, accuracy and stability directly affect the overall rail production. In this paper, using modern technology such as laser sensors, data acquisition, and computing technology, an innovative rail straightness measurement method was designed and implemented based on parallel computing. In the design, 14 laser displacement sensors and 2 rotary encoders were used to measure respectively 7 level displacements, 7 vertical displacements, and rail transmission displacement in real-time. After those signals conversed to digital and transferred to server computer, CPUs and GPUs will: 1) synchronous matching, 2) inner block analyzing, 3) block analyzing, 4) frame analyzing, 5) straightness analyzing. The disturbing factors, such as iron oxides, side sliding, low frequency vibrations, and high frequency vibrations were and eliminated. Finally, get the rail straightness information and output, save, transfer, or used to guide production. Experiments and practical application show that, the method not only is feasible, but also it detection speed can up to 3m/s, and accuracy up to 0.05mm.IntroductionWith the development of modern railway system and the increasingly fierce market competition, people are increasingly demanding high quality of the rail products, including: straightness, toughness, dimensions, smoothness, and so on. Rail straightness measurement is critical in rail production, in which the detecting speed, accuracy, and stability directly affect the overall rail production.There are some rail straightness measurement products, but they have some kinds of problems when used in China, includes: 1) inspection speed less than 2m/s, 2) too sensitive to iron oxides, 3) too sensitive to vibration, 4) too expensive.As a production application, rail straightness measurement system functional specifications and requirements including: 1) Equipment size isn’t longer than 3m, 2) Detection speed can up to 3m/s, 3) Accuracy up to 0.05mm.In this paper, in order to solve the above problems, an innovative rail straightness measurement method was proposed, in which using laser sensors to improve measure accuracy, using modern data acquisition modules to ensure real-time and synchronization, and using parallel computing and intelligent parallel algorithm to improve inspection speed.System architecture Design of the Rail Straightness MeasurementThe rail straightness measurement system is made up of 3 subsystems: 1) sense subsystem, 2) acquisition and synchronization subsystem, and 3) data analysis and information fusion subsystem. Sense subsystem is made up of 7 top or vertical displacement laser sensors (T1to T7), 7 side or level displacement laser sensors (S1to S7), and 2 rotary encoders (A and B). The distance between every two adjacent vertical displacement sensors or every two adjacent level displacement sensors is 0.5m. Acquisition and synchronization subsystem is made up of 2 modules: data acquisition module and data synchronization module.Data analysis and information fusion subsystem is made up of 4 modules: 1) inner block analyzing module, 2) block analyzing module, 3) frame analyzing module, 4) straightness analyzing module.The System architecture is shown as Fig. 1.Figure 1. System architectureOnline Rail Straightness Measurement Based on Parallel ComputingAcquisition and Synchronization Based on Parallel Computing.By synchronous acquisition module to control and acquisition, in which each sensor set by maximum sampling frequency in time t1 for data acquisition, and then in time t2 only for data transmission. The paper designed the following intermittent synchronous acquisition method, shown as Fig. 2.In order to shorten the acquisition and synchronization time of multichannel combined acquisition, a parallel acquisition algorithm is proposed.1) Copy the periodic acquisition of data, 16 signal channels, to shared memory;2) By analyze data from 2 rotary encoder channels, searching in 14 displacement data for t1, t2 corresponds data;3) For 14 channels data correspond to the t1, t2, parallel computing: y = k * x + b.Inner block analyzing. Data within the block can be seen as a superposition of some data, including the roughness, iron oxides, side sliding. The purpose of inner block data analysis is to use the frequency domain, time domain characteristics of the data itself, disturbing data separation and, where possible, eliminated. Fig. 3 is a roughness and scale introduction of displacement can be mean and local mean elimination.Figure 3. Block, Frame, and SynchronizationBlock analyzing module. After synchronized, the data implied location information about rail of the time t1 in the measuring frame. Block data analyzing eliminate the impact resulting from side sliding, gets local straightness which mixed with low frequency vibration, while the low frequency vibration will be eliminated by frame analyzing.Frame analyzing module. For each block corresponds to a small area of rail, multiple measurements at different time for the same small area, could eliminate low frequency vibration. And for that the repeated measurement over time may only occur in a different sensors, this paper propose analyze frame data, which contains 7 simultaneous data block. The task eliminates the effect of low frequency vibration, side sliding, linearity error, and random error.Straightness analyzing module. According to measurement sampling precision in the rail transfer direction, 5 local flatness analyzing processes were designed to parallel execution, and then, fitting these 5 results online, updating the straightness of the whole current data.Straightness valuing module. According to the current straightness data, calculating the baseline direction and baseline position for straightness valuing, and then, based on industry standards, valuing the flatness of the current interval. Fig. 4 is a picture of measuring and valuing online.Figure 4. Rail straightness measuring and valuing onlineSummaryThe paper proposed an innovative rail straightness measurement method based on parallel computing, By means of synchronous matching, inner block analyzing, block analyzing, frameanalyzing, and straightness analyzing, disadvantages, such as iron oxides, side sliding, low frequency vibrations, and high frequency vibrations were overcame. Tab. 1 shows straightness measurement experiment results, in which the stand rail are measured 50 times, and the mean square error of results. Experiments and practical application show that, the method not only is feasible, but also it detection speed can up to 3m/s, and accuracy up to 0.05mm.TABLE I. S TRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT RESULTSMeasure Items MSE (mm) Max error (mm)horizontal 0-1.5 m 0.03 0.05horizontal 1.5-2.0 m 0.03 0.04horizontal rail body 0.05 0.06vertical 0-1.5 m 0.02 0.02vertical 1.5-2.0 m 0.02 0.02vertical rail body 0.02 0.02AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51174151).References[1] Kiyofumi Matsuda, Maitreyee Roy, Tomoaki Eiju, John W. O'Byrne, Colin J. R. Sheppard.Straightness measurements with a reflection confocal optical system--an experimental study.Applied Optics, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 3966-3970, 2002.[2] Cheng Weiming, Zhang Weina, Song Wei, Liu Liang, Sun Guiqing. Straightness measurement forlong-length rails of bridge crane. International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation - ICMTMA , 2011.[3] Figliola, R. S., Beasley, D. E., Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 3rd ed., J. Wiley& Sons, New York, 2000.[4] J Unkuri, A Rantanen, J Manninen, V-P Esala, A Lassila. Interferometric 30 m bench forcalibrations of 1D scales and optical distance measuring instruments, Measurement Science & Technology , vol. 23, no. 9, 2012.[5] Jooho Hwang, Chun-Hong Park, Wei Gao, Seung-Woo Kim, A three-probe system for measuringthe parallelism and straightness of a pair of rails for ultra-precision guideways, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1053-1058, 2007[6] S V Tchaban, Status and prospects of NDT for rail quality at Kuznetsk Steel Works, Insight, vol.45, no. 6, pp. 421-423, 2003.[7] Kiyono, S., Profile measurement using software datums, J. of JSPE, Vol. 61, No. 8, pp. 1059-1063,1995.[8] Gao, W., and Kiyono, S., High accuracy profile measurement of a machined surface by thecombined method, Measurement, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 55-64, 1996.[9] Fung, E. H. K., and Yang, S. M., An approach to on-machine motion error measurement of a linearslide, Measurement, Vol. 29, pp. 51-62, 2001.[10] Kounosu, K., and Kishi, T., Measurement of surface profile using smoothed serial three pointmethod, J. of JSPE, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 641-645, 1995.。

作文1A Wonderful Trip to Weizhou Island in Beihai during March 3rdDuring the March 3rd holiday, I had an unforgettable trip to Weizhou Island in Beihai. The moment I stepped onto the island, I was captivated by its natural beauty.The beaches were stunning, with fine white sand and clear blue water. I spent hours sunbathing and swimming, enjoying the gentle waves and the warm sunshine. The sea breeze was so refreshing, blowing away all my stress.I also explored the island's interior, visiting local villages and farms. The local people were very friendly and hospitable. They introduced me to their traditional way of life and the unique culture of the island.The food on the island was a delight. Fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and local specialties filled my taste buds with wonderful flavors.This trip to Weizhou Island was truly amazing. It was a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.作文2My Adventure on Weizhou Island in Beihai during March 3rdThe March 3rd holiday provided me with the perfect opportunity to visit Weizhou Island in Beihai. It was an adventure I will always cherish.The island is a paradise for nature lovers. I went hiking along the coastal trails, where the breathtaking views of the ocean and the cliffs left me in awe. The wildflowers and the chirping of birds added to the charm of the journey.One of the highlights was visiting the volcanic park. The unique geological formations and the history behind them were fascinating. I learned so much about the power of nature.In the evenings, I relaxed on the beach, watching the beautiful sunset. The colors of the sky as the sun dipped below the horizon were simply magical.It was a wonderful trip that filled my heart with joy and memories.作文3Exploring Weizhou Island in Beihai on March 3rdI had an incredible time exploring Weizhou Island in Beihai during the March 3rd break. The island is a hidden gem that offers a perfect blend of natural wonders and cultural experiences.I started my adventure by renting a bicycle and cycling around the island. The scenery along the way was spectacular. Lush greenery, charming cottages, and colorful fishing boats made for a picturesque view.I visited the local market where I got to taste some delicious local snacks and buy some handicrafts as souvenirs. The lively atmosphere and the friendly vendors made the experience even more enjoyable.The snorkeling experience was another highlight. I saw a colorful world underwater with beautiful corals and various kinds of fish.This trip to Weizhou Island was truly a memorable one.作文4A Memorable Journey to Weizhou Island in Beihai during March 3rdThe March 3rd vacation took me to the beautiful Weizhou Island in Beihai, and it was a journey full of surprises and delights.The first thing that struck me was the tranquility of the island. Away from the city noise, I could hear the gentle sound of the waves and the rustling of the leaves. I spent my days lazing on the beach, reading a book, and simply soaking in the peaceful atmosphere.I also went on a boat tour around the island, and the views were breathtaking. The imposing cliffs, the hidden caves, and the azure waters were like something out of a fairy tale.At night, I joined the local bonfire party, where I danced and sang with the locals and other tourists. It was a great way to immerse myself in the local culture.This trip was a much-needed escape and a memory I will hold dear forever.作文5My March 3rd Getaway to Weizhou Island in BeihaiThe March 3rd holiday was an ideal time for me to visit Weizhou Island in Beihai. The island welcomed me with open arms and offered a plethora of experiences.I indulged in water sports like kayaking and jet skiing. The thrill of speeding across the water and the feeling of freedom was unparalleled. The clear sky and the vast ocean made the adventure even more exciting.I explored the historical sites on the island, learning about its past and the stories it holds. The old buildings and ancient ruins had a certain charm that transported me back in time.The local cuisine was a treat for my taste buds. The fresh seafood dishes and the traditional delicacies were simply mouthwatering.This trip to Weizhou Island was a rejuvenating and unforgettable experience.作文6Discovering Weizhou Island in Beihai during March 3rdDuring the March 3rd holiday, I embarked on a wonderful journey to Weizhou Island in Beihai. The island proved to be a paradise that exceeded all my expectations.I spent my mornings walking along the sandy beaches, breathing in the salty sea air, and watching the fishermen set off to sea. The simplicity and serenity of life on the island were truly enchanting.I visited the local temples and witnessed the traditional rituals and customs. It gave me a deep insight into the rich cultural heritage of the place.The starry nights on the island were a sight to behold. Lying on the beach, looking up at the countless stars, I felt a sense of oneness with the universe.This trip to Weizhou Island was a soul-stirring experience that I will always remember.。

丰富多彩的第30届国际地质大会地质旅行路线3Oth IGC Geo-tour Committee(Organizing Committee of the 30th IGC,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037)【期刊名称】《地学前缘》【年(卷),期】1994(0)4【摘要】丰富多彩的第３０届国际地质大会地质旅行路线第３０届国际地质大会组委会（北京地科院第３０届国际地质大会组委会，１０００３７）地质旅行路线是历届国际地质大会的主要内容之一，是主办国展示其地质特征、地质研究水平、地质工作成就的极好机会。

近几届国际地质大会均...【总页数】3页(P244-246)【关键词】国际地质大会;地质特征;地质环境问题;构造地质;被动大陆边缘;野外地质;沉积特征;沉积演化;复理石;纬向构造带【作者】3Oth IGC Geo-tour Committee(Organizing Committee of the 30th IGC,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037)【作者单位】北京地科院第30届国际地质大会组委会【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P5【相关文献】1.T333国际地质大会旅行路线简况 [J], 刘瑞福2.T333国际地质大会旅行路线获得成功 [J], 刘瑞福3.丰富多彩的30届国际地质大会地质旅行路线 [J], 第30届国际地质大会组委会4.丰富多彩的30届国际地质大会地质旅行路线 [J], 第30届国际地质大会组委会5.北京西山第四纪冰川遗迹--三十届国际地质大会地质旅行路线指南(T204) [J], 吴锡浩;蒋复初;徐和聆;肖华国因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

2015 The 3rd International Conference on Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development2015-11-21~22，Wuhan- 1 -CATALOG2015 The 3rd International Conference on Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development ................................................................................................................................ - 1 - Part1 Home: ......................................................................................................................... - 1 -1 General Introduce ...................................................................................................... - 1 -2 Important Date .......................................................................................................... - 1 -3 Publication ................................................................................................................ - 1 -4 Conference topic ....................................................................................................... - 1 -Part2 Committee: ................................................................................................................. - 2 - Part3 News: .......................................................................................................................... - 3 -1 Formatting Instruction ............................................................................................... - 3 -2 Photo of EI ................................................................................................................ - 4 -Part4 Call for Paper: ............................................................................................................. - 4 - Part4 Venue: ......................................................................................................................... - 5 -1 Venue ......................................................................................................................... - 5 -2 Bus line ..................................................................................................................... - 5 -Part5 Registration:................................................................................................................ - 6 -1 Registration ............................................................................................................... - 6 -2 Paper Sumission ........................................................................................................ - 6 -3 How to pay? .............................................................................................................. - 6 -Part6 Shop and FAO: ........................................................................................................... - 7 -1 Shop .......................................................................................................................... - 7 -2 FAO ........................................................................................................................... - 7 -Part7 Contact ........................................................................................................................ - 7 -1 Registration, Submission, Payment ........................................................................... - 7 -2 Publication and Organizing Coordinator ................................................................... - 7 -2015 The 3rd International Conference on Geology Resource Management and Sustainable DevelopmentPart1 Home:1 General IntroduceThe 2015 International Conference on Geology Resource Management and SustainableDevelopment2015-11-21~22，WuhanThe 2015 International Conference on Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development (ICGRMSD2015) will be held in Wuhan, China from November 21-22, 2015. The Symposium aims to provide an international forum for research presentation, exchange of ideas and share their latest research findings . ICGRMSD 2015 is sponsored by School of Resource ＆Environment in Wuhan University of Technology , School of Engineering in China University Of Geosciences（Wuhan）and China Mining News and is undertaken by HuBei ZhongKe Geology ＆Environment Technology Service Center and China Mining. It is one of the leading international conferences for presenting novel and fundamental advances in the fields of geological resource management and sustainable development. It also serves to foster communication among researchers and practitioners working in a wide variety of scientific areas with a common interest in improving Geology Resource Management related techniques.2 Important DateFull Paper Submission Deadline: November 10,2015Author acception Notification: November 15, 2015Author Registration :Before November 20, 2015Conference date: November 21-22, 20153 PublicationAll accepted papers of ICGRMSD 2015 will be published by Aussino Academic Publishing House, which will be indexed by EI Compendex.4 Conference topicⅠ.Geology and mineral resources management and sustainable development(1)The distribution, evaluation, development technology and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, energy resources and water resources(2)The mineral resources exploitation and comprehensive utilization(3)The comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, mineral processing, technical modification of the production process(4)Mineral resources exploration and reserves evaluationⅡ.Safety engineering and the sustainable development(1)The geological and mineral resources of safety engineering and management(2)The geological and mineral resources of safety engineering economic analysis(3)The system safety analysis and evaluation of geology and mineral resourcesⅢ.Environmental engineering and sustainable development(1)The geological resource management and environmental economy(2)Geological mineral resources and environmental management- 1 -(3)Environmental pollution chemistry and new environmental protection material(4)Project environmental assessmentⅣ.Land resource management and sustainable development(1)The land resources management and sustainable development(2)Land use planning and evaluation(3)The land administrative management(4)Land economics and managementⅤ. The geological tourism resources and the sustainable development(1)The development, planning and management of tourism resources(2)The geopark construction and tourism developmentⅥ. Geological disaster prevention and sustainable development(1)Laws and regulations of geological hazard prevention(2)The geological disaster prevention and control of exploration, design, construction technology, the new method(3)The geological disaster risk assessment(4)The mine geological environment protection and recovery managementⅦ. Investment, project management theory and application(1)The resources sustainable development and regional economic development(2)The geological mineral resources economyⅧ.Operation and management(1)The mining enterprise investment and operation management(2)The real estate business and management(3)The management and administration of geological exploration units(4)Geological resource management and legal issuesⅨ.Other related areasPart2 Committee:Prof. Dr. Elsayed Abbas Zaghloul, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, EgyptProf. Dr. H. SHIV ANNA, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, IndiaProf. Dr. Adel Mahmoud Mohamed Hammad, Minia University, EgyptProf. Dr. Saeid Eslamian, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, IranAssociate Prof. Dr. Chee Ming Chan, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia Associate Prof. Dr. Namir G. Ahmed Al-Kawaaz, University of Almustansiriyah, IraqDr. Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki Inha University, Republic of KoreaDr. Arash Barjasteh, Khuzestan Water & Power Authority, IranDr. Fadzli Mohamed Nazri, Universiti Sains Malaysia, MalaysiaDr. Khaled Habib,Khaled Habib Materials Science and Photo-Electronics Lab., IRE Program, EBR Center, KuwaitPart3 News:1 Formatting InstructionTitle of the Paper （14pt Times New Roman,Bold,Center ）（space ）Authours’ name (10pt Times New Roman, Center)School of Management, Sichuan University, P.R.China, (10pt Times New Roman, Center) yuanfengxiangsheng@ (10pt Times New Roman, Center)(10pt Times New Roman, Bold)(Space)Abstract Mizumoto used to advance a fuzzy reasoning method ,Rs,which fits the…… Key words IDSS,Fuzzy reasoning,……(10pt Times New Roman) (Space)1 Introduction(Primary title, 12pt Times New Roman, Bold) （Space ）We know that the approaches of implementation of intelligent decision support systems(IDSS)have become variable…… (text, 10pt Times New Roman) (Space)2 An Example（Space ）According to the definition of Rs,we can construct the fuzzy relation matrix,as shown in table 1 Table 1 A Fuzzy Relation Rs (9pt Times new Roman, Bold, center))U 2 U 3U 1 0.00 0.10 0.40 0.70……0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 ……0.200.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 …… (In the table, 9pt Times New Roma) .….. …… …… …… …(space)Figure 1 Functions of……(9pt, Times New Roma, Bold, Center)3 The Improved Method(Space)3.1 Method one(Subheadings,10pt Times New Roman, Bold)…………3.1.1 Discussing about method one (Three stage title, 10pt Times New Roman)…………（Space ）3.2 Method two……………………(Space)4 Conclusion (12pt Times New Roman, Bold)…………(Space)References (12pt Times New Roman, Bold, Center)（Space）[1] M.Mizumoto,H.J.Zimmermann. comparision of fuzzy reasoning methods. Fuzzy Sets and Systems ,8(1982),p253～283 (Reference,10pt Times New Roma)2 Photo of EIPart4 Call for Paper:The 2015 International Conference on Geology Resource Management and Sustainable Development (ICGRMSD2015) will be held in Wuhan, China from November 21-22, 2015. The Symposium aims to provide an international forum for research presentation, exchange of ideas and share their latest research findings.Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :....................................Part4 Venue:1 VenueWest courtyard, Wuhan University of Technology（Ma Fangshan schoolyard)2 Bus line1) Wuchang Railway Station to the Venue route:(1) Wuchang railway station take the Metro Line 4 to the Zhongnan Road Station, transfer Metro Line 2 (direction towards Optics Valley) to Jiedaokou Station (A exit), straight along the South of Luoshi Road about 900 meters away.(2) You can take a texi to West courtyard, Ma Fangshan schoolyard of Wuhan University ofTechnology.2) Wuhan Railway Station to the Venue route:(1) Wuhan Railway Station take the Metro Line 4 to the Zhongnan Road Station, transfer Metro Line 2 (direction towards Optics Valley ) to Jiedaokou Station (A exit), straight along the South of Luoshi Road about 900 meters away.(2) You can take a texi to West courtyard,Ma Fangshan schoolyard of Wuhan University of Technology.3) Hankou Railway Station to Venue route:(1) Hankou Railway Station take the Metro Line 2 (direction towards Optics Valley), to reach Jiedaokou Station (A exit), staight along the South of Luoshi Road about 900 meters away.(2) You can take a texi to West courtyard,Ma Fangshan schoolyard of Wuhan University of Technology.Part5 Registration:2 Paper SumissionAll conference papers only accept online submission process, as follows:1) authors create an account （/en-us/register.html）2) log in（/en-us/login.html）→my information→submit a new summary / paper.3 How to pay?Step 1, Register and book you room in this page: /en-us/shop.html Step 2, Check out for the order by online payment or remit to the following account:Account Name: Wuhan Chytey Info Tech Co., Ltd.Bank name: AGRICULTURAL BANK OF CHINA HUBEI BRANCHRMB Account: 1706 0101 0400 24567USD Account: 1706 0114 0400 02012EURO Account: 1706 0138 0400 00429SWIFT CODE: ABOCCNBJ170If you pay the order by remittance, you need to upload you remittance receipt in user dashboard after login. And while you remitting, please mark your order id as the additional information.Part6 Shop and FAO:1 ShopAuthor Registration（CNY）2715(￥)Non-Author Registration（CNY）1200(￥)Foreigner Registration（USD）600($)2 FAOQuestion 1: What is the format that my manuscript should follow?Answer: Please check "News" at the right of the navigation bar to download the template. Question 2: Does the conference accept papers in Chinese?Answer: Yes, it does. The conference accepts papers both in English and Chinese.But if you need a translation,150 Chinese yuan must paid for each 1,000 words.Question 3: What is the maximum length of the manuscript for this conference?Answer: Normally we expect the paper no more than 6 pages. If the paper exceeds 6 pages, the extra fee will be required.Question 4: How many papers can be submitted by each account?Answer: Each account could handle 3 papers at most.Question 5: Could someone without papers attend the conference?Answer: Yes, you are welcome to attend the conference. For the sake of convenience, you'd better pay the registration fee in advance.If you have further questions,please contact with us.Part7 Contact1 Registration, Submission, PaymentContact Man : Chris Chen (Aconf, China）Email : icgrmsd@Telephone : +86 027 8887 52582 Publication and Organizing CoordinatorHuBei ZhongKe Geology ＆Environment Technology Service CenterEmail: 3081648997@。

国际单位制（International system of units）In October 1960, the eleven International Conference on Metrology defined the international system of international units, referred to as the SI system.SI system: seven basic units: length m, time s, mass kg, thermodynamic temperature (Kelvin temperature) K, current unit A, light intensity unit CD (Candela), mass molTwo auxiliary units: flat angle radian rad, solid corner corner degree SrThe definition of the basic unit of SIM: length of path passed in a vacuum (1/299, 792458) s time interval. [Seventeenth International Conference on Metrology (1983)]Kilogram: the quality of an international kilogram of raw materials. [First International Conference on Metrology (1889) and Third International Conference on Metrology (1901)]The duration of the 9192631770 cycles corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the atomic -133 ground state. [Thirteenth International Congress on Metrology (1967), resolution 1]A: in a vacuum, infinite two sectional area of negligible distance 1 m parallel circle straight wire pass with equal constant current, if the interaction between wires in each meter length is 2 * 10-7 N, the current in each wire is 1 A.[International Commission on measurement (1946) resolution 2. Approval of the Ninth International Conference on Metrology (1948)Kelvin: the thermodynamic temperature of the three-phase point of water is 1/273.16. [Thirteenth International Congress on Metrology (1967), resolution 4]Moore: is a system of amount of substance, the basic unit contained in the system (a specific combination of atoms, molecules, ions, electrons and other particles, and these particles) and 0.012 kg carbon atom number equal to -12. [Fourteenth International Congress on Metrology (1971), resolution 3]Candela: the luminous intensity of a light source in a given direction. The light source emits monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 * 1012 Hz, and the radiation intensity in this direction is (1/683) W/sr. [Sixteenth International Congress on Metrology (1979), resolution 3]Basic quantity and derived quantityPhysical quantities are related by describing the laws of nature or by defining equations for new physical quantities. Therefore, a few physical quantities can be independent of each other, and other physical quantities can be defined or represented by equations. These few are regarded as independent quantities of physical quantities, called basic physical quantities, referred to as basic quantities. The rest of the physical quantities that can be derived from elementaryquantities are called derived physical quantities, referred to as export quantities. In the international system of units, there are seven basic quantities: length, quality, time, current, thermodynamic temperature, material quantity and luminous intensity. All other quantities in physics can be derived from the seven fundamental quantities by multiplication, division, differentiation, or integration.1. SI basic unitsQuantity name, unit name, code definitionDimension codeThe length of m m M. equal to the radiation corresponding to the transition between the 2p10 and 5d5 levels of krypton -86 atoms, the length of the 1650763.67 wavelengths in the vacuum. LThe mass is kilogram Kg 1 kg, equal to the quality of the international kilogram precursor.MThe duration of the 9192631770 cycles of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the cesium -133 atom ground state is s. TAmpere ampere A ampere is a constant current. If it is kept in a parallel straight wire with a length of one meter apart in a vacuum, the length of each meter is equal to 2X10-7 newton.Thermodynamics, temperature, Kelvin, K, thermodynamics, temperature, unit Kelvin, water, triple point, thermodynamic temperature, 1/273.16. .The amount of material mol mol is a systematic quantity of matter, and the basic unit contained in the system is equal to the number of atoms of 0.012 kilograms of carbon -12. NThe luminescence intensity of CD Kandela for frequency of 540X1012 Hz monochromatic radiation, the radiation intensity in a given direction for each surface of 1/683 W. J2.SI export unitQuantity SI unitsOther representations are represented in SI basic unitsFrequency Hz (s-1) HzForce cattle (Dayton), N, m.kg.s-2Pressure (stress), Palmer (Oscar), Pa, N/m2, m-1.kg.s-2Energy, work, heat, coke (ear), J, Nm, m2.kg.s-2Power, radial (flux) watts (especially), W, J/s, m2.kg.s-3Power, charge Library (Lun), C, s.AVoltage, potential, electromotive force, volts (especially), V, W/A, m2.kg.s-3.A-1Capacitor (pull) F C/V m-2.kg-1.s4.A2Ohm ohm (omega) V/A m2.kg.s-3.A-2West (Siemens) S A/V conductivity m-2.kg-1.s3.A2Magnetic flux (Wei) Wb (m2.kg.s-2.A-1) V.sMagnetic flux density, magnetic flux density (LA), T, Wb/m2, kg.s-2.A-1Inductance Heng (LI) H Wb/A m2.kg.s-2.A-2The Celsius temperature is C degrees centigrade. KFlux (Ming) LM cd.sr(illumination) illumination Le (Kors) LX lm/m2 m-2.cd.sr(radioactive) BQ (Bq S-1 lrrr) activityAbsorbed dose Ge (Rui) Gy, J/kg, m2.s-2Dose equivalent * (Voight) Sv J/kg m2.s-23.SI prefixFactor ChineseSymbol1018 AI (the E)1015 beat (it) P1012 too (pull) T109 Kat (coffee) G106 trillion M103 thousand K10-3 milli M10-6 micro10-9 Na (Connaught) n10-12 skin (can) P10-15 fly (mother) f10-18 a4. the system of non international units selected by the state Quantity name, unit name, unit name, conversion system anddescriptionTime divided Min 1min=60s(small) H 1h=60min=3600sDay (day) D 1d=24h-86400sPlane angle (angle) seconds ("1= (/648000) rad (PI) for Pi Pi) (angle) point (,) 1 '=60' = (PI /10800) radDegree (. ) 1 DEG =60 = = (PI /180) radThe rotational speed is T/min 1T/min= (1/60) S-1 per minute Length nautical miles N, mile, 1n, mile=1852m (for voyage only)Speed knots Kn, 1Kn=1n, mile/h= (1852/3600) m/s (for voyage only)Quality ton T 1t=103kgAtomic mass unit U 1U = 1.6605655 * 10-27kgThe volume rises L (L) 1L=1dm3=10-3m3Can EV leV electron volts is 1.602189210-10JDifferential DB DbLine density specific (Kors) Tex 1tex=1g/KmTable 5. metric units converted to metric units1 hours (in) =25.3995 mm (mm) 1 ft (FT) =0.304794 m (m)1 yards (YD), =0.914382 meters (m), 1 miles (ML) =1609,31 meters (m)1 Nirvana (nmile), =1852 meters (m), 1, two (Oz ounces) (Chang Heng) =28.3487 grams (g)1 (Oz oz) (Jin Yaoheng) =31.0873 grams (g) 1 grains (gT) =0.0648 grams (g)1 pounds (LB) (Chang Heng) =0.453592 kg (kg) 1 pounds (LB) (Jin Yaoheng) =0.373009 kg (kg)The 1 ton (Itn, or 2240 pounds (UK) =1016.046 kg 1 ton (Shtn, or 2000 pounds (US)) =907.184 (kg)1 gallon (Gal) (British) =4.54596 litre (L) 1 gallon (U.S.gal) (beauty) =3.78533 (L)1 pint (Pt) (US) =473ml 1 pint (Pt) (English) =568mlQuantity two (fl.oz) (beauty) =29.57ml 1 quantity two (fl.oz) (UK) =28.41ml6. conversion factor of medical measurement unitThe amount of the original unit used, the value of the original unit X coefficient SI international code name memoName Code international ChineseThe length was A 0.1 Nm nano Nm old translation NMIn addition, 1 micron m micronM 1 nm Nm NMInch In 2.54 Cm cmVolume increased by 1 LDiane Dyn 10-5 N cattle forcePressure (pressure 0.13332 mm Hg MmHg kPa 1000 Paco continue to use the original unitStrong) stress centimeter water column CmH2O 0.09807 KPa kPaVascular resistance criteria at barometric pressure Atm 101.325 KPa kPaDyne / cm dyn sec - s/cm5 0.1 kPa - s/l kPa / L / sec5 mmHg / min / mmHg min/1 8 kPa s/l kPa / secAirway resistance cm cm / S / CmH2O s/1 0.09807 kPa ? s/l kPa / secThe international kilo original is the earliest definition of the current world (1989)The only physical standard of the seven basic quantities. The origin of this standard material is this: TenIn the middle of the eighth Century, France, in order to change the domestic measurement system confusion, in accordance with the provisions of ParisAt the same time, 1/40000000 of the earth meridian is 1 meters, and the quality is specified on the basis of metersThe unit, which provides 1 DM 3 pure water at 4 degrees when the mass of 1 kg (water density at 4 degreesMax) and made standard platinum with platinum. It was kept in the French archives, so it was calledThe standard kilogram is "file kilogram"". In 1872, scientists decided at an international meeting toThe French register is the standard, and the platinum standard is used to make a standard copy of the kilogramThe closest to the "file kilogram" is the international kilogram holder, which is kept in the Paris international registerBureau of measurement. In 1889, the first InternationalConference on Metrology approved the international kilogram as a quality standardQuasi, still used so far.China's national kilogram benchmark was approved by the International Bureau of Metrology in 1965, as well as by LondonStanton instrument company to adjust, strictly preserved in Beijing, China Academy of Metrology quality standardQuasi warehouse.2, the physical meaning of quality2.1 the mass of an object is the substance contained in itThis is the initial definition of the quality of Newton's meaning, Newton pointed out: "definition of 1, the amount of material is."Measured by its density and volume". This is a simple and intuitive expression. In view of the fact thatKnowledge is gradual and acceptable. At present, junior high school physics textbooks in China adopt the definition of "things"What is the substance contained in the body is called "quality" (PEP). It also points out that "mass does not vary with objects."Change in shape, state, temperature, and position (- this statement is not accurate),Is an inherent property of the object itself".Quality is the physical quantity that describes the properties of a substance. An object has the property of keeping its original state of motion- inertia. Newton's second law of motion is to change objects at their speed (movement, state, change)A measure of the amount of impedance (inertia) that is displayed.Inertial mass * acceleration (acceleration field strength) = gravitational mass * gravitational field strength。

Geomatics Science and Technology 测绘科学技术, 2023, 11(3), 200-206 Published Online July 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/gst https:///10.12677/gst.2023.113022基于机载LiDAR 点云数据的建筑物三维模型重建方法陶 方江苏省地质勘查技术院，江苏 南京收稿日期：2023年2月6日；录用日期：2023年7月3日；发布日期：2023年7月10日摘要本文以机载LiDAR 点云数据为研究对象，提出一套建筑物三维模型重建方法。

首先使用渐进三角网滤波算法分类地面点与非地面点，通过训练完成的随机森林模型完成建筑物点云提取；其次将方向作为约束条件，使用随机抽样一致(Random Sample Consensus, RANSAC)算法完成建筑物轮廓线提取并获取屋顶关键点信息；最后使用SharpGL 工具包，以建筑物轮廓线与屋顶关键点信息为框架重建建筑物三维模型。

以实测机载LiDAR 点云数据为例进行实验，结果表明本文方法能够提取得到完整的建筑物轮廓信息，并具有较高的建筑物模型重建精度。

关键词机载LiDAR 点云数据，建筑物轮廓线，点云分类，规则化处理，大比例尺，三维重建3D Building Model Reconstruction Method Based on Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud DataFang TaoJiangsu Provincial Institute of Geological Exploration and Technology, Nanjing JiangsuReceived: Feb. 6th , 2023; accepted: Jul. 3rd , 2023; published: Jul. 10th , 2023AbstractBased on the airborne LiDAR point cloud data, this paper proposes a set of building 3D model re-construction methods. Firstly, the gradual triangulation filtering algorithm is used to classify ground points and non-ground points, and the building point cloud is extracted through the trained random forest model; secondly, the direction is taken as the constraint condition, and the random sample陶方consistent (RANSAC) algorithm is used to extract the building contour line and obtain the roof key point information; finally, the SharpGL toolkit is used to reconstruct the 3D model of the building based on the building outline and roof key point information. Taking the measured airborne Li-DAR point cloud data as an example, the experimental results show that the proposed method can extract complete building contour information, and has high building model reconstruction accu-racy.KeywordsAirborne LiDAR Point Cloud Data, Building Contour Line, Point Cloud Classification, Regular Processing, Large Scale, Three-Dimensional ReconstructionThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言作为地理空间信息数据的重要组成部分，建筑物三维模型已经在智慧城市、数字孪生城市、洪灾预警、城市管理等方面广泛应用[1][2][3]。

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．gunpowder n．火药2．compass n．指南针，罗盘3．virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的4．battery n．电池5．compute v．计算6．stuff n．东西，物品7．astronomer n．天文学家8．Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法) 9．species n．物种10．stream n．小河，小溪11．radium n．镭(一种化学元素)12．lightning n．闪电13．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事14．metal n．金属15．gravity n．重力，引力Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．press v．按2．shoot v．射出(光线等)，放射3．desire n．渴望，欲望4．passive adj.被动的5．beyond prep.无法……6．instance n．例子，实例7．extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的8．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的9．theory n．学说，理论10．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的11．cure n．药剂；疗法12．draft v．起草，草拟13．experiment n．(科学)实验14．flash n．闪光15．entirely ad v.完全地，彻底地16．account n．记述，描述17．proof n．证明，证据18．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly ad v.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n．灵活性；弹性；适应性2．capable adj.有能力的→capability n．能力3．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义4．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的5．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的6．biologist n．生物学家→biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj.生物(学)的7．accurate adj.精确的→accurately ad v.精确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确性8．minor adj.小的；次要的→minority n．少数9．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的n．原作→originally ad v.原来，最初10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布11．attach v．系，绑；贴；附→attached adj.附属于；依恋的→attachment n．附件；连接物；依恋12．conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→conductor n．导体；指挥；售票员13．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学；理科→scientist n．科学家1．mobilise (NAmE -ize) /'məʊbəla I z/v t.& v i.组织；鼓动；动员2．neutrality /njuː'træləti/n．中立；中立状态3．invade /I n've I d/v i.& v t.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯4．surrender /sə'rendə(r)/v i.& v t.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出n．投降；屈服；屈从5．fight back还击；抵抗6．assault /ə'sɔːlt/n．攻击；突击；袭击v t.猛烈攻击；袭击；侵犯(尤指构成犯罪)7．swift /sw I ft/adj.迅即发生的；速度快的；敏捷的8．intact /I n'tækt/adj.完好无损；完整9．reinforcement /ˌriːI n'fɔːsmənt/n．[pl.]援军；增援警力[U](感情或思想等的)巩固；加强10．fate /fe I t/n．命中注定的事(尤指坏事)；命运Ⅳ.背核心短语1．wearable tech 可穿戴技术2．in addition 除此之外，另外3．never say never 别轻易说决不4．natural selection 自然选择5．field research 实地研究，实地调研6．instead of代替；而不是7．in terms of 按照；谈及；在……方面8．along with连同……一起9．take place 发生；举行10．die from死于；因……而死Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.(there be 句型)纵观历史，我们经历过很多发明创造的黄金时代。

Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 石油天然气学报, 2023, 45(1), 85-95 Published Online March 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/jogt https:///10.12677/jogt.2023.451011基于三维构造恢复的地应力预测技术陈 琪，熊晨皓，左田昕中石化勘探分公司物探研究院，四川 成都收稿日期：2023年2月3日；录用日期：2023年3月6日；发布日期：2023年3月27日摘要组合弹簧理论模型是预测地应力的一种常用方法，但模型忽略了对岩层各向异性的考虑，无法反映由于局部断层、裂缝发育等各向异性造成的应力局部扰动变化；对构造应力项的求取基于薄板理论，简单利用地层形变开展地应力预测，忽略了地质力学参数的空间变化。

本文通过叠前弹性参数反演和精细构造解释对常规弹簧组合模型的构造应力项求取进行了优化，提出了基于三维构造恢复的地应力预测技术，从构造建模开展地质力学分析与构造恢复，求取现今地应力的古构造应力残余分量，提高了模型对地应力的预测精度，结果与实钻井具有较好的吻合性，并通过实际工区应用验证了该方法的有效性，对页岩气勘探选区评价、井位部署、钻后评价、水平井设计具有借鉴作用。

关键词地应力预测，弹簧组合理论模型，三维构造恢复，页岩气水平井设计The Stress Prediction Technique Based on 3D Structural RestorationQi Chen, Chenhao Xiong, Tianxin ZuoGeophysical Exploration Research Institute of Sinopec Exploration Company, Chengdu SichuanReceived: Feb. 3rd , 2023; accepted: Mar. 6th , 2023; published: Mar. 27th, 2023AbstractThe composite spring model is a commonly used method for predicting the in situ stress. However, the model ignores the consideration of the anisotropy of the rock mass, which cannot reflect the stress disturbance caused by the anisotropy due to local faults, fractures, and other factors. More-over, the calculation of the tectonic stress term is based on the thin plate theory, which simplifies the geological deformation and neglects the spatial variation of the geological mechanical para-陈琪等meters. In this paper, the construction stress term of the conventional spring combination model was optimized by using pre-stack elastic parameter inversion and refined tectonic interpretation.A 3D tectonic reconstruction-based in situ stress prediction technology was proposed, which ana-lyzed the geological mechanics and tectonic reconstruction from the perspective of structural mod-eling. The residual tectonic stress component of the present-day stress was obtained, improving the prediction accuracy of the model for in-situ stress. The results have good consistency with ac-tual drilling, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by application in a prac-tical working area. This method has reference significance for shale gas exploration zone evalua-tion, well deployment, post-drilling evaluation, and horizontal well design.KeywordsGround Stress Prediction, Spring Combination Model, Three-Dimensional Structure Restoration, Shale Gas Horizontal Well DesignThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言页岩储层较常规油气储层具有“低孔低渗”的特点，压裂改造是实现页岩储层商业开发的必须条件。