Tau A Web-Deployed Hybrid Prover for First-Order Logic with Identity and Optional Inductive

CHOOSE YOUR OWN TRANSLATION FUTURE Created on 14 January 2013Written by Jaap van der Meer中文 | 日本Technology arrived late in the translation services sector. Now it has arrived, it is bound to change everything. In the not‐too‐distant future everyone in the world will be able to speak his or her own language and everyone else will understand. We are entering the Convergence era: translation will be a utility embedded in every app, device, sign board and screen.Businesses will prosper by finding new customers in new markets. Governments and citizens will connect and communicate easily. Consumers will become world‐wise, talking to everyone everywhere as if language barriers never existed.Don’t get me wrong. It will not be perfect, but it will open doors and break down barriers. And it will give a boost to the translation industry, which will be chartered to constantly improve the technology and fill the gaps in global communications.Is this picture too rosy? Not if you believe in the power of translation data, like we do. Translation data is the fuel of machine translation technology. Data powers the engines. The engines may never emulate the human language competence, but they will be good enough to help us converse as we see fit inlanguages we never spoke before or will ever speak. Machine translation, according to Nicholas Ostler, will be the new lingua franca.This is a vision that frightens many insiders in the translation industry. Machine translation was experimented, tried and tested for a long time, but it never passed the test of usefulness. Automation of translation was believed to be a utopia, at least until the vox populi revolution spoke and millions of people started clicking on the automatic translate button in their search pages. But no matter whether the quality is often bad and laughable, people simply like the fact that it is under their control and in real‐time. It’s a sign of the times. Users take charge and drive change.Entering the Convergence eraAs the evolution diagram below shows, the translation industry has undergone a paradigm shift every decade since 1980, but none was as big as the one we are facing now: the Convergence.Source: TAUSThe volume of content is exploding to zettabytes (trillions of gigabytes) of information that can be relevant to billions of new users who click to translate as much as they like. While we make this journey from the 20th century export mentality to the 21st century’s open global society, the mix of language pairs will be shifting from today’s 7 source and 60 target languages to 200 source and 200 target languages in the next ten years. It is utterly clear that a human‐driven translation process alone will not suffice in this new era.In the current phase—the Integration era—enterprises and institutions are busy releasing the translation function from its isolated position. The focus is on integrating translation in enterprise applications such as content management systems. This will help organizations to scale up and translate a lot more than just the usual documents, instructions, brochures and software.But the pressure will keep building to translate more and more content faster or even translate it in real‐time. This opens up tremendous opportunities forinnovators to seize the convergence instrument and offer solutions that did not exist before. (See the Agents of Change: Insiders and Invaders videos.)Two types of convergenceWe highlight two interconnected forms of convergence: pure technology convergence and functional convergence. Technology convergence means combining two or more technologies to create a new compelling product or service offering. Functional convergence means combining functions to create a new solution.The best example of technology and functional convergence in our daily life is the mobile phone. It has now become a camera, a PDA, a navigation tool, and so much more with thousands of new apps being developed to turn this simple handheld device (called a ‘handy’ in German language) into a life‐saving and indispensable kind of extension to our body.In the physical world, the emergence of supermarkets was a form of convergence. The combined offering of coffee and music by Starbucks is also a good example of convergence. In the digital world functional convergence often has a give‐and‐take dimension: the user becomes part of the supply chain. Examples of this are restaurant review websites where users are requested to give ratings and share reviews of the restaurants. The service is free. The owner of the site makes money through advertisements.More innovative examples of functional convergence are location‐based apps (another form of localization). The user—often without knowing it—transmits his or her exact location and receives perfectly matching offers from a shop or restaurant in the neighborhood or an invitation to meet a friend who happens to be walking on the same street.Convergence in the translation industryWe can start imagining what convergence can mean to the translation industry. In fact convergence has already started across technologies and across functions. We have seen the first demonstrations of the integration of speech and machinetranslation technology. Imagine what happens if the technologists get this to work really well. Using tiny little keys on your mobile will no longer be necessary: speech input in one language, and speech output in another language.Of course, the best example of functional convergence in the translation industry is the combination of automatic translation with search. This innovation fired off the vox populi revolution I mentioned above. Millions of end‐users started clicking every day to use real‐time translations. They don’t pay unless you want to call their viewing of advertisements on search pages a form of payment. The owners of search engines decided to extend the service to professional translators.The business model convergence went a step further: for sharing the translation data (translation memories) the industry professionals received customized (improved quality) machine translations. Another recent example of functional convergence in the translation sector is Duolingo: an online gamified language training site. It’s free, but users are helping to translate sentences according to their skill level. This way they return a service while at the same time feeding translation data which helps to improve the platform.In the next ten years we will see numerous new examples of converging functions and technologies. Sometimes this convergence will address just one language pair, domain or market niche. Sometimes it will be applicable on a much wider scale. Together, this convergence is changing the translation industry completely. Translation will quickly become a utility embedded in everything we do. It will be as ubiquitous as electricity and the Internet.More and more, it will be considered a basic necessity for human kind. Language communities not connected yet through this translation utility will make a special effort to become part of it by aggregating the required translation data and sharing it. This is what we call the Viral Effect. It causes the acceleration in the spread of language pairs and domains and the continuous performance improvement of the translation utility.Crowd, Cloud and Big DataOther trends that play along in the Convergence era are Crowd, Cloud and Big Data. The Crowd is part and parcel of functional convergence. Duolingo needs hundreds of thousands of users to make the platform really work well, because it is the voting on the best translations that will improve the overall performance of the system. The Cloud is the natural infrastructure environment to connect with the Crowd and to reach the required scalability and efficiency.Many innovative translation solutions will be characterized as SaaS (Software‐as‐a‐Service), DaaS (Data‐as‐a‐Service), IaaS (Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service) and PaaS (Platform‐as‐a‐Service), all variances of Cloud‐based solutions. But behind the Crowd and the Cloud is the secret power of Big Data—the biggest trend of all. When IBM’s Watson beat the best Jeopardy players in 2011, it was a milestone event in natural language processing. It proves that the computer can decipher ambiguity, understand jokes and metaphors, as long as it is fed enough data.The importance of Big Data for the translation industry should not be underestimated. Big Data will push the performance of automated translation forward. Big Data will address challenges in many different areas of natural language processing, including machine translation. The computer will be able to run automatic semantic clustering and genre identification processes, meaning that the computer will recognize the industry domain (for instance: medical and radiology) and the type of content (for instance: instruction text or patent application).This is vital for the continuous improvement and customization of machine translation technology. Big Data technologies become crucial since the modern machine translation systems involve more and more parallel data and it is reaching the limit when it is not feasible to process large amounts of data with traditional database management techniques. The computer will also be able to do terminology mining much better if it gets more data.It will identify synonyms, related terms, neologisms, jargon and automatically generate syntactic classification using parallel processing tools. Plain statistical translation models evolve into hybrid models with hierarchical (syntax‐ or alignment‐based) trees allowing the machine translation engines to dolong‐range reordering, creating more fluent and correct translations especially for more distant language pairs.Translation support matching the new content mixIn the Convergence era, the mix of content to be translated is shifting further away from documents and software releases to bits and pieces of text, voice and video published on multiple screens. The end‐user, citizen or patient will be in control—even more than today—and they will drive a continuous stream of translation of official (corporate, public, legislation), social, shared, earned and also private information.Translation memory software fits very well with updates of static documentation pushed by publishers but it will not be very helpful when translating dynamic content pulled by users. Machine translation technology will mature quickly and take over as the primary choice of tools to be used by the translation service sector. New features will be added to MT platforms allowing professional users to add data (customer‐specific or product‐specific translation memories, glossaries and target language texts) that will train and customize the engine almost in real‐time.This self‐service real‐time training of MT engines may be applied to every single job. Personalization of MT is a far jump from the costly and lengthy process of MT development for a generic language pair that we were used to. It will drive the need for translation memory data to be bigger and bigger. For every new job translators will be looking for matching data to fine‐tune the engine. The need for data will be insatiable.So, where does that leave the entrepreneurs in the translation industry—the buyers and providers of translation?Planning for an uncertain futureIn 2010 TAUS organized a series of brainstorming sessions following the scenario‐based planning methodology with translation buyer and provider executives in Copenhagen and Portland (OR) with the aim of planning for anuncertain future to minimize crisis‐driven change and instead pursue opportunity‐driven change. The participants agreed that certain drivers were indisputable (content explosion, the shift to multimedia and mobile media, and the trend to real‐time delivery), but they were uncertain about the answers to three questions:1. Will machine translation take a big role in the translation industry or not?2. Do we have to fear that translation will become a free‐for‐all service?3. Will the closed (competitive) or the open (collaborative) business models prevail?Two of the three questions have been answered in the last couple of years. Yes, MT will play a major role in the translation industry. No, translation will not be free. There is a lot of elasticity in translation pricing, but somehow users always pay for translation. However, the third question is still haunting us. We have not seen clear indicators yet whether closed models or open models will prevail. Both seem to function very well.Open or closed translation futuresThe future of the translation industry could be closed (as it is more or less today) or it could be open and collaborative. In the closed translation future scenario, a few companies will have aggregated all of the world’s translation data that facilitate and support fast and efficient translation of the world’s information in 40,000 or more language pairs. Large and small translation operators—including corporate buyers, governments and institutions—will be dependent on the few data owners to keep their translation engines tuned for every job.In today’s translation world, the translation memories they own or manage for their customers may be sufficient to keep their translation operations running efficiently. But in the Convergence era, it will be harder to predict which content and in what domain or language pair needs translation. New data will always be needed to make new translations possible.In the open translation future scenario, data is shared in collaborative platforms. All translation operators have access to the data on an equal basis and may usethe data to leverage and to develop derivative work, i.e., new machine translation engines. In the open translation future scenario, industry stakeholders agree on common interfaces to connect content, technologies and platforms to ensure a frictionless exchange of translation jobs and data. In the open translation future scenario, industry stakeholders agree on common metrics and benchmarking to measure and compare the performance of automatic translation engines and to track progress.Both scenarios could be true. It is hard to tell today which one has a better chance to win out over the other. In both scenarios we see opportunities for growth. But unless you have a fairly good chance to own all the data that you possibly need in your translation future, your growth opportunities will be much greater in the open translation future scenario.Fork in the roadIn the coming two years—more than ever before—translation buyers and providers will have a decision to make to open or not to open; to collaborate and share or not to collaborate and share. Rather than being taken by surprise, it will be wise to take a conscious decision about your own translation future. We are at a fork in the road. Going one way or the other can make a big difference for the success and growth of your business.Choosing the open translation future scenario means openly sharing your translation memories and convincing your customers and collaborators to do the same. Translation data—other than translation memories—cannot be easily used to reconstruct the original individual source or target language documents. We should look at translation data as data in the same way as the medical industry treats human genome data.Every life sciences company, every university—in fact, everyone in the world—has access to the descriptions of the 1.3 billion chemical base pairs that constitute human DNA. Every company can use human DNA data to develop new medicines and new technologies. This is what stimulates innovation, growth and helps human civilization. Of course, if you choose to share your translation data, you are free not to share confidential data or non‐released product information.Choosing the open translation future scenario means collaborating in translation quality benchmarking and industry metrics. In today’s translation world, every operator has its own way of evaluating translation quality. We have no way to compare and benchmark quality with peers in the industry. To scale up and prepare for growth in the Convergence era, we need to be able to measure the performance of MT engines, as well as track and compare their progress across domains, language pairs and content types.We need to be able to establish best practices—on an industry‐wide scale—when and when not to use MT technology. We need to have industry agreement on acceptable scores, ratings and evaluation techniques. If we don’t have this, it will be harder to meet market expectations and scale up.Force and counterforceFinally, if the translation future still looks frightening to you, relax, because every force has a counterforce. The ubiquitous availability of non‐perfect automated translation will also lead to growth in the need for high quality (non‐automated) translation, transcreation and personalization where old‐fashioned human language skills are unbeatable.The future of translation looks good. It is your choice where you want to be.。

英文回答：The utilization of by-products derived from marine shells has garnered significant attention in light of the abundance and potential benefits of these materials. In this pioneering initiative, our objective is to develop state-of-the-art technologies for theprehensive utilization of marine shell by-products. The project will epass several pivotalponents, including the extraction and purification of valuablepounds from the shells, the advancement of novel materials and products, and the exploration of potential applications across various industries.By harnessing advanced scientific and engineering methodologies, we aim to optimize the value derived from marine shells and minimize waste, thereby promoting sustainable and eco-friendly practices in the utilization of marine resources.利用海洋炮弹产生的副产品的问题，鉴于这些材料的丰富性和潜在好处，已引起人们的极大关注。

Palo Alto Networks andArista NetworksNetwork-based security integration providing dynamic automated deploy-ment, deep visibility, and robust security for physical and virtual workloadsThe ChallengeData centers have increasingly virtualized and partitioned their networks, becoming more dynamic while accommo-dating on-the-fly deployment of new applications within shared private, public, and hybrid clouds. Furthermore, the threat landscape is changing. Hackers are finding new ways to breach the data center with an influx of new vulnerabil-ities and threats. Enterprises are faced with the c omplexity of i mplementing agile security architectures to address a h ybrid environment of microservices, virtual workloads, and legacy applications to protect critical assets from mod-ern threats. This includes securing traffic between modern application clusters and bare metal workloads. SecOps is challenged to maintain control over traffic and detect any compromised assets within the data center.Arista Networks Macro-Segmentation Service Arista Networks Macro-Segmentation Service® (MSS®) c apability for CloudVision® allows a variety of platforms, such as next-generation firewalls, to be deployed a utomatically for specific workloads and workflows across any network t opology, including Layer 2, Layer 3, and overlay network vir-tualization frameworks.MSS is a capability within Arista CloudVision that addresses a growing gap in security deployment for hybrid data centers. It extends the concept of fine-grained intra-hypervisor secu-rity for virtual machines (VMs) to the rest of the data center by enabling dynamic insertion of services for physical devices and non-virtualized devices. It is specifically aimed at phys-ical-to-physical and physical-to-virtual workloads, with complete flexibility on the placement of service devices and workloads.MSS components include:• Arista leaf-spine switch fabric• Arista CloudVision• Vendor firewall attached to a service leaf switch. Firewalls can be attached in high availability configuration (active-standby or active-active) as well.Palo Alto NetworksPalo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewalls offer a preven-tion-focused architecture that is easy to deploy and operate. Automation reduces manual effort so your security teams can replace disconnected tools with tightly integrated innovations, focus on what matters, and enforce consistent protection e verywhere.Next-Generation Firewalls inspect all traffic, including all a pplications, threats, and content, and tie that traffic to the user, regardless of location or device type. The user, appli-cation, and content—the elements that run your business— become integral components of your enterprise security policy. As a result, you can align security with your business policies as well as write rules that are easy to understand and maintain. Palo Alto Networks and Arista MSSBy integrating with native APIs provided by Next-Generation Firewalls in the data center (PA-3200 Series, PA-5200 Series, and PA-7000 Series) and Palo Alto Networks Panorama™ net-work security management, MSS learns the security policies, identifies the workloads the firewall needs to inspect, and takes action. Upon identification, MSS can now steer relevant traffic to the firewall, inserting the firewall in the path of workload flows.The automation capabilities of Arista MSS operate in real time without any need for a network operator to engage the security administrator. Furthermore, there is no need for the network to be architected in a manner specific to a particular workload. This flexibility is crucial to the successful deploy-ment of security in an enterprise private or hybrid cloud. With this new integration, Next-Generation Firewalls can create security policies from a central point and implement them across the network.Benefits of the Integration• Dynamic service insertion• Complete flexibility on locality of devices• No new frame formats or protocols required• Network security integration driven by automationPalo Alto Networks | Arista Networks | Tech Partner Brief13000 Tannery Way Santa Clara, CA 95054Ma i n: +1.408.753.4000Sales: +1.866.320.4788Support: +1.866.898.9087 © 2020 Palo Alto Networks, Inc. Palo Alto Networks is a registered t rademark of Palo Alto Networks. A list of our trademarks can be found at https:///company/trademarks.html. All other marks mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. palo-alto-networks-and-arista-networks-tpb-051920Use Case No. 2: Complete Flexibility on S ecurity Device Location Next-Generation Firewalls can be connected anywhere in the network on any switch. This allows larger data centers to centralize their security devices in a service rack and logically insert them in the path between any workloads on demand or based on a firewall policy. There are no restrictions or limita -tions on where security devices are physically attached withinFigure 1: Palo Alto Networks and Arista Networks integration architecture Use Case No. 1: Intelligent Inspection of East-West Traffic on DemandArista’s MSS does not try to “own security policy” or need to run a controller-of-controllers that understands every a pplication flow or interaction. Customers can define secu -rity policies within Panorama.Using the API plane, Arista CloudVision obtains the relevant rules from Panorama and programs the Arista switches to steer intercepted east-west workload traffic to Next-Gen -eration Firewalls for robust traffic and content inspection as well as policy enforcement. Security administrators now have the flexibility to add or remove policies to monitor traffic between workloads on demand, and they can profile traffic to proactively detect malware or denial-of-serviceattacks from within the enterprise.the fabric. Palo Alto Networks firewalls are discovered via Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). Likewise, devices to which services are targeted can be located anywhere in the network with no restrictions or limitations on physical e Case No. 3: Offload Traffic Inspection with Intelligent Security Policies In addition to redirecting traffic to the firewall, security admin -istrators can define rules within Panorama to offload predict -able traffic from the firewall. Arista MSS enforces these poli -cies on the switches. In a legacy architecture, all traffic would be steered to the firewall for processing, consuming bandwidth and CPU resources. This offloading function enables the fire -wall to provide high-performance deep packet inspection and intrusion prevention services for unknown traffic, reducing the risk of malware or threats gaining footholds.About AristaArista Networks pioneered software-driven, cognitive cloud networking for large-scale datacenter and campus environ -ments. Arista’s award-winning platforms, ranging in Ethernet speeds from 10 to 400 gigabits per second, redefine scalability, agility and resilience. Arista has shipped more than 20 million cloud networking ports worldwide with CloudVision and EOS, an advanced network operating system. Committed to open standards, Arista is a founding member of the 25/50G consor -tium. Arista Networks products are available worldwide direct-ly and through partners. Find out more at .About Palo Alto NetworksPalo Alto Networks, the global cybersecurity leader, is shaping the cloud-centric future with technology that is transforming the way people and organizations operate. Our mission is to be the cybersecurity partner of choice, protecting our digital way of life. We help address the world’s greatest security challenges with continuous innovation that seizes the latest breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, analytics, automation, and orches -tration. By delivering an integrated platform and empower -ing a growing ecosystem of partners, we are at the forefront of p rotecting tens of thousands of organizations across clouds, networks, and mobile devices. Our vision is a world where each day is safer and more secure than the one before. For more information, visit .。

壳聚糖氘代下载温馨提示：该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by the editor. I hope that after you download them, they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts,other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!壳聚糖氘代是一种具有广泛应用前景的生物材料，其在医药、食品、环保等领域具有重要的应用价值。

关于太空宇宙的英语作文三句或四句I. IntroductionThe universe, an immense expanse teeming with celestial wonders, has long captivated human imagination and driven our insatiable quest for knowledge. From the twinkling stars that adorn our night skies to the enigmatic black holes lurking in the darkness, the cosmos is a realm of unfathomable beauty and mystery. This vast, ever-expanding entity, comprised of billions of galaxies, each housing countless stars and their planetary systems, represents the ultimate frontier for scientific inquiry.II. The Observable Universe: A Glimpse into Infinity Our observable universe, extending approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter, is but a tiny fraction of what may lie beyond. It contains a staggering array of celestial bodies, ranging from blazing stars in various stages of life to the ethereal, ghostly remnants of exploded stars known as supernovae. Furthermore, it is threaded by invisible forces, such as gravity and dark matter, which shape the cosmic web and govern the dance of galaxies. The cosmic microwave background radiation, theresidual heat left over from the Big Bang, whispers tales of our universe's fiery birth and subsequent expansion.III. The Search for Extraterrestrial LifeAs we peer deeper into this celestial tapestry, one question looms large: Are we alone in the universe? The discovery of thousands of exoplanets orbiting distant stars has fueled optimism that Earth might not be the sole cradle of life. These alien worlds, some found within the "habitable zones" where liquid water can exist, beckon us to ponder the possibility of extraterrestrial organisms thriving under different conditions. Ongoing missions, such as NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the search for biosignatures, aim to unveil whether these seemingly habitable planets indeed harbor life, thus rewriting our understanding of our place in the cosmos.IV. Challenges and Future ProspectsExploring the universe is an audacious endeavor fraught with challenges, including the vast distances involved, harsh space environments, and the limitations of current technology. However, advancements in fields like astrophysics, aerospace engineering, and artificial intelligence hold promise for surmounting these obstacles.Space telescopes with unprecedented resolution will enable us to observe the universe in greater detail, while interstellar travel concepts like nuclear fusion propulsion and light sails could potentially revolutionize our ability to traverse the cosmos. Moreover, the pursuit of establishing permanent human settlements on other planets, such as Mars, signifies our aspirations to become a multi-planetary species and secure humanity's future among the stars.In conclusion, the universe, a boundless expanse of celestial marvels and profound mysteries, continues to entice and challenge us. As we delve deeper into its secrets, we not only broaden our understanding of the cosmos but also gain invaluable insights into our own existence. The quest to explore and comprehend this magnificent realm reflects our innate curiosity and unyielding spirit of exploration, promising a future filled with groundbreaking discoveries and paradigm-shifting revelations about the universe we call home.。

Sea otters, though small in stature, have a significant impact on the world in various ways. As keystone species, they play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. Heres how these charming marine mammals influence the world around them:1. Ecosystem Engineers: Sea otters are known as ecosystem engineers due to their ability to shape their environment. By preying on sea urchins, they prevent these creatures from overgrazing kelp forests. Healthy kelp forests are vital as they provide habitat and food for numerous marine species, thus supporting biodiversity.2. Biodiversity Enhancement: By controlling the population of sea urchins, sea otters indirectly protect a variety of marine life that depends on kelp forests. This includes fish, invertebrates, and other organisms that call these underwater forests home.3. Carbon Sequestration: Kelp forests are efficient at capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. By preserving these ecosystems, sea otters contribute to the mitigation of climate change through the process of carbon sequestration.4. Economic Impact: The presence of sea otters can have economic benefits for coastal communities. Healthy marine ecosystems support fisheries and tourism, both of which can be negatively impacted by the loss of kelp forests.5. Cultural Significance: Sea otters hold cultural importance for many indigenous communities. They are often featured in traditional stories, rituals, and crafts, contributing to the rich cultural heritage of these communities.6. Conservation Efforts: The protection of sea otters has led to increased awareness and conservation efforts for marine life in general. Their status as an endangered species has prompted research and protective measures that benefit the broader marine ecosystem.7. Educational Value: Sea otters are popular animals in educational settings. They serve as ambassadors for marine conservation, teaching people about the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the importance of protecting our oceans.8. Scientific Research: Studies on sea otters have contributed to our understanding of marine biology, predatorprey dynamics, and the effects of human activity on wildlife populations.In conclusion, sea otters are more than just adorable creatures they are vital contributors to the health and balance of marine ecosystems. Their presence or absence can havefarreaching effects on the biodiversity, climate, economy, and culture of our world. As stewards of the planet, it is our responsibility to protect and preserve these remarkable animals and their habitats.。

•研究报告•雷公藤甲素对局灶节段性肾小球硬化足细胞损伤的调控机制王碧娟12,宋李桃'，吕祎琪2,姜雪\李亚妤1r浙江中医药大学附属广兴医院，杭州310007; 2浙江中医药大学，杭州310053)摘要：0的：通过观察雷公藤屮素（T P)对局灶节段性肾小球硬化（F S G S)大鼠及P A N致小鼠足细胞损伤模型中u P A R和T R P C6的表达影响.探讨T P对足细胞的保护作用方法：将48只大鼠随机分为6组，Conlml组、Mmlel组、T P-U^i L T P-M1.)组、T P-H D组和C S A组除Conlml组外，其余各组均通过单侧谓切除联合M静脉重复注射阿霉素方法建立F S G S大鼠模型，药物组给予不同浓度T P或C S A进行治疗，干预8周后处死，检测大鼠24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮：H E染色观察肾组织病理变化，电镜观察肾小球足细胞病变。

Western Biol检测肾组织中u P A R和T R P C6蛋白表达培养小鼠肾足细胞M P C5,分为正常组（Control组）、P A N组（Model组）、P A N+T P组（T P组）、P A N+C S A组（C S A组）C C K-8法检测T P对于P A m秀导的足细胞活力的影响，Western Bl&t检测足细胞u P A R,T R P O)蛋H水平的表达结果：M odel组大鼠域蛋A、血肌酐及尿素氮水平较Conlrnl组显著升高(P c O.O I),肾脏病理检查可见小球局灶节段性硬化，小管扩张及足突融合。

Western Blot发现.与Cmilrol组比较.Model组Podorin表达下降，T R P C6及u P A R表达显著升高（R O.Ol )经T P干预后，大鼠床蛋H、血肌酐、尿素氮及肾脏病理显著改善，肾组织丨>ml〇rin表达升高，T R P C6、u P A R表达下降：随着T P浓度升高，足细胞保护作用逐步增强.高浓度T P的作用效果与C S A基本相似细胞实验进一步证实M P C5经P A N作用48h后，Podocin表达显著下降.T R P C6及iiPAR表达明ffi上T|_,T P治疗可有效逆转丨述改变：结论：T P可通过下调T K P C6及u P A R起到保护足细胞.改善F S G S的作Mi关键词：雷公藤甲素；局灶节段性肾小球硬化；足细胞损伤；尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂受体；瞬时受体电位 阳离子通道蛋白6基金资助：国家自然科学基金项目（N o.81673913 ),浙江省中医药科学研究基金项目（N〇.2021Z A098)Regulatory m e c h a n i s m of triptolide on podocyte injury infocal segmental glomerulosclerosisWANG Bi-juan1SONG Li-tao',LYU Yi-qi2,JIANG Xue',LI Ya-yu'('G u a n g x i n g Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang C hinese Medical University, H a n g z h o u 310007, China;"Zhejiang Chinese M edical University, H a n g z h o u 310053, C h i n a )Abstract! Objective: T o observe the effects of triptolide (TP) on the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (u P A R) a n d transient receptor potential channel 6 (T R P C6) in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (F S G S) rats a n d P A N-induced podocyte injury in mice, and to explore the protective effect of T P o n podocytes. M e t h o d s: Forty-eight rats w ere r a n d o m l ydivided into 6 groups: Control group. M o d e l group, T P-L D group. T P-M D group, T P-H D g r o u p a n d C S A group. Except for theControl group, the other groups w e r e all treated b y unilateral n e phrectomy and repeated injection of doxorubicin in the tail vein toestablish F S G S rat models. T h e drug group w a s treated with different concentrations of T P or C S A, a n d they w e r e sacrificed after8 w e e k s of intervention. T h e 24h urine protein, s e r u m creatinine a n d urea nitrogen in rats w e r e deteded. T h e pathological changesof renal tissue w e r e observed by H E staining, a n d the pathological changes of glomerular podocytes w e r e observed by electronmicroscope. W e s t e r n Blot detected the expression of u P A R and T R P C6 protein in kidney tissue. Cultured M P C5 we r e divided intoControl group. P A N group, P A N+T P group, P A N+C S A group. T h e C C K-8 detected the effect of T P o n the viability of podocytesinduced b y P A N. a n d W e s t e r n Blot detected the protein levels of u P A R and T R P C6 in podocytes. Results: T h e 24h urine protein,s e r u m creatinine a n d urea nitrogen levels of the M o d e l gr o u p w e r e significantly higher than the Control gr o u p (P<0.01). T h e renal通信作者：李亚妤，浙江省杭州市体育场路453号浙江中医药大学附属广兴医院肾内科，邮编：310007,电话:I i>'a>.i i3618@ pathological examination s h o w e d focal segmental sclerosis, tubule expansion, epithelial cell shedding, a n d foot Process fusion. Western Blot examination found that c o m p a r e d with the Control group, the expression of P odocin in the M o d e l g r o u p decreased, and the expression of T R P C6a n d u P A R increased significantly (P<0.01). After T P intervention, rat urine protein, s e r u m creatinine, urea nitrogen a n d kidney pathology w e r e significantly improved, Podocin expression in renal tissue increased, a n d T R P C6 and u P A R expression decreased. A s the concentration of T P increases, the protective effect of podocytes gradually increased, a n d the effect of high concentrations of T P w a s basically similar to C S A.Cell experiments further confirmed that M P C5 treated with P A N for 48h. the expression of Podocin decreased significantly, a n d the expression of T R P C6 a n d u P A R increased T P treatment can effectively reverse the a b o v e changes. Conclusion: T P protects podocytes, reduces proteinuria, a n d improves F S G S b y d o w n­regulating T R P C6a n d u P A R.K e y w o r d s：Triptolide: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (F S G S); P o d o c y t e injury; Urokinase type p l a s m i n o g e n activator receptor (u P A R); Transient receptor potential channel 6 (T R P C6)F u n d i n g：National Natural Science F o u n dation of C h i n a (N o.81673913), Z h e jiang Traditional C h i n e s e M e d i c i n e Science Research Foundation (N〇.2021Z A098)局灶节段性肾小球硬化症（focal segmental glomerulosclerosis，F SG S)是导致终末期肾病（end-stage renal disease, E S R D)的主要病因之一。

g7046G7046: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in TechnologyIntroductionIn an era characterized by rapid advancements in technology, the emergence of G7046 marks a significant milestone. This innovative technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries and transform the way we live and work. In this document, we will delve deeper into what G7046 entails, exploring its features, applications, and potential impact on society.1. Understanding G70461.1 Definition and ComponentsG7046 refers to a cutting-edge technology developed by leading scientists and engineers. It encompasses a suite of integrated systems and devices that work in harmony to deliver unparalleled performance and functionality. The technology is composed of various components, includingadvanced processors, data storage units, and high-speed connectivity features. Combined, these elements propelG7046 into an entirely new league of technological marvels.1.2 Features and AdvantagesG7046 boasts several remarkable features that set it apart from traditional technologies. First and foremost, it offers lightning-fast processing speeds, which enable seamless multitasking and enhance productivity. Moreover, G7046 incorporates state-of-the-art security measures, ensuring data integrity and protecting against cyber threats. Additionally, it supports expansive storage capacities, accommodating the growing demand for data-hungry applications. The cutting-edge connectivity options of G7046 facilitate faster communication, enabling real-time collaboration across geographically dispersed locations.2. Applications of G70462.1 Healthcare SectorG7046 has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector. By leveraging its processing power and connectivity features,G7046 can facilitate remote medical consultations, enabling patients to receive timely and accurate diagnoses from healthcare professionals located elsewhere. Additionally, the technology can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of medical imaging and diagnostics, aiding in the early detection of diseases and improving patient outcomes.2.2 Manufacturing IndustryThe manufacturing industry can benefit greatly from the integration of G7046 technology. It can optimize production processes, improving efficiency and reducing costs. With real-time data analysis and predictive maintenance capabilities, G7046 can help identify bottlenecks, anticipate operational issues, and streamline supply chain management. Moreover, G7046 can support the development of smart factories, leveraging automation and robotics to drive productivity and quality standards.2.3 Education SectorIn the field of education, G7046 presents a wealth of opportunities. Its fast processing speeds and vast storage capacities facilitate the development of immersive learning experiences and virtual reality classrooms. Moreover, G7046enables personalized learning, tailored to the needs and pace of individual students. Enhanced connectivity ensures seamless collaboration among students and educators, irrespective of their physical location.3. Potential Impact on SocietyG7046 has the potential to reshape society as we know it. Its transformative capabilities can bridge the digital divide and promote equal access to technology across different regions and demographics. The integration of G7046 in various sectors can drive economic growth, create job opportunities, and foster innovation. The increased efficiency and effectiveness facilitated by G7046 technology can lead to significant improvements in healthcare outcomes, environmental sustainability, and overall societal well-being.ConclusionIn conclusion, G7046 represents a groundbreaking advancement in technology. Its unparalleled features, vast applications, and potential societal impact set it apart from traditional technologies. As we embark on this new era defined by G7046, we must embrace its potential while also ensuring responsible and ethical deployment. With itstransformative power, G7046 has the potential to shape a brighter future for generations to come.。

652.1 文献综述2.1.1 话语建构与修辞框架J·R·弗思和哈里斯提出“话语”概念，指的是大于单句、意义完整的语言单位，意义生成和理解要从句子之间形成的上下文关联来考察。

后续研究将其定义为在具体运用中根据语境产生完整语义的语言单位。

[5]詹姆斯·保罗·吉认为，话语就是“行动、语言和交流的组合和整合方式，表示思考、相信、评价和应用各种符号、工具和物体的方式”。

[6]因此话语研究包含实践过程中涉及的所有主体、关系、权利、秩序，话语建构则是通过符号、修辞、叙事等方式生产以文本表意为中介的话语意义活动。

随着大众媒体的发展，修辞活动打破了时间和空间的限制，从物质空间转向媒介空间，从现实场景转向话语场景。

已有研究分析第二次世界大战中美国和日本的舆论斗争中提出修辞、政策以及舆论三者之间密切联系，而且互相影响。

[7]修辞与议题的建构密切相关，议题的建构需要“传播”才能广泛到达公共空间，因此修辞需要超越文本写作的“有限疆域”。

[8]2.1.2 全球文明倡议的话语研究话语研究主张应用各种话语修辞策略提升传播效果，从符号逻辑出发话语建构需要发明、构造和征用特定的符号载体，因此概念框架强调对一系列概念的创造和征用，从而多维度地建构知识体系。

美国新修辞学的创始人肯尼迪·伯克认为，隐喻就是日常生活中所说的观点，因为这种本体和喻体之间的关系是人为建构的。

[9]叙事框架指出任何文本都是有序、有机、有意义的整体，从宏观出发话语生产者主要从叙事和论证的架构来诠释概念意义。

聚焦于“全球文明倡议”的话语建构文本研究，主要分为语料文本和视觉符号文本两大类型，但是基于批量语料的文本分析研究仍然较少，研究多偏向宏观的哲学思辨而非就其理念本身的话语传播做修辞学方面的讨论，因此本研究期望建立《人民日报》（海外版）关于“全球文明倡议”的语料库，从概念、隐喻、叙事的话语分析框架出发研究其概念建构机制、修辞技巧以及文本的叙事性。

吉林省四平市公主岭市第五高级中学2025届高考考前模拟英语试题考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。

选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。

2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。

3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．I thought Father would be better, but ______it is, he is getting worse, which makes me more worried.A．before B．as C．because D．after2．It is beyond awkward when everyone around you ______________ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language.A．run into B．bursts outC．yells out D．falls into3．--I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner.--_________________. We'll get together later.A．Go ahead B．That's rightC．Not to worry. D．Don't mention it4．—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.—.A．I really envy you B．Glad to hear thatC．Sounds great D．Take it easy5．Doris Lessing，an author who has had a fascinating life，lived in Iran _______ she was five before moving to Zimbabwe．A．unless B．sinceC．until D．after6．Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _________ their education that causes misunderstanding.A．like B．as C．or D．but7．--- Why didn’t you help the little boy?--- Oh, he had struggled to his feet ______ I could run over and offered any help.A．before B．afterC．when D．since8．—Have you finished all your exercises?—Yes, ________ is left. As a matter of fact, they are as easy as ABC．A．nothing B．not one C．none D．neither9．Where was it ______ the road accident happened the other day?A．that B．whenC．how D．which10．The petrol in the car _____ on our way to the beach, so we had to walk there.A．gave up B．gave off C．gave in D．gave out11．.Opening the book, she found in it a white, plain envelope with her name ______ on it.A．to print B．printed C．printing D．print12．Many thought that after starring in the immensely popular drama, Nirvana in Fire, Hu Ge would ________ and actively seek new roles.A．make a mountain out of a molehillB．have too many irons in the fireC．strike while the iron is hotD．D．put the cart before the horse13．—Can I have a day off tomorrow? I need to visit my grandma in the hospital.—__________. I can manage without you.A．Forget it B．Of courseC．It depends D．I’m afraid not14．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put15．My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don’t get off the bus ________ it is stopping.”A．until B．whileC．before D．after16．I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What17．Don’t let the child who is ________ go to school．A．so young as to B．not old enough to C．not old enough D．too young to18．The fellow we spoke ________ no comment at first.A．to make B．to madeC．made D．to making19．—I have no idea what made the students so excited and crazy.—______ it have been their team’s victory in the finals?A．Must B．CouldC．Would D．Should20．Take the note as a reminder ______ you forgot to buy some sweets for the kids while shopping there.A．how B．thatC．in case D．even if第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

尹新雅，王爽，朱玲，等. 植物酸奶品质优化的研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技，2024，45（3）：397−405. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030325YIN Xinya, WANG Shuang, ZHU Ling, et al. Advances in Quality Optimization of Plant-based Yogurt[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(3): 397−405. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030325· 专题综述 ·植物酸奶品质优化的研究进展尹新雅，王　爽，朱　玲，张　晖*（江南大学食品学院，江苏无锡 214122）摘　要：植物酸奶的出现为牛乳蛋白过敏、高胆固醇、关注动物福利和环境保护人群带来了福音。

然而，植物酸奶因存在乳清析出、异味及酸度不高等品质问题降低了消费者的喜爱度，因此对植物酸奶品质优化进行研究在拓宽植物基食品的商业应用方面意义重大。

本文概述了不同来源植物酸奶营养、风味及质构上存在的主要品质问题，着重阐述了植物酸奶品质调控的相关手段及措施，包括配方改良、加工条件优化、发酵方式改善三方面的作用方式及效果，探讨了植物酸奶体系稳定、植物蛋白溶解性提高、凝胶网络交联加强等方面的机理。

不同调控措施对植物酸奶品质的改良效果存在差异、各有优缺点，有时需多种方法配合使用，以最大化改善植物酸奶品质问题。

最后展望了一些潜在的植物酸奶品质调控措施，以期为生产高品质植物酸奶提供指导方向。

关键词：植物酸奶，品质优化，配方，加工技术，发酵方式本文网刊:中图分类号：TS252.42 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002−0306（2024）03−0397−09DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023030325Advances in Quality Optimization of Plant-based YogurtYIN Xinya ，WANG Shuang ，ZHU Ling ，ZHANG Hui *（School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China ）Abstract ：The advent of plant-based yogurt provides a beneficial option for individuals having cow milk protein allergies,high cholesterol, as well as those who prioritize animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Despite this, plant-based yogurt has experienced a decline in consumer preference owing to factors such as whey separation, unpleasant odor, and insufficient acidity. Consequently, enhancing the quality of plant-based yogurt carries immense relevance for extending the commercial utilization of plant-derived food products. In this review, a summary of nutritional, flavor, and textural quality issues associated with plant-based yogurts derived from various sources was presented. Subsequently, a detailed explanation of different regulatory techniques for plant-based yogurt quality was provided, including the action modes and impacts of improving the formula, processing condition, and fermentation method. The mechanisms involved in stabilizing the plant-based yogurt system, boosting the solubility of plant-based proteins, facilitating the cross-linking of gel network and other related aspects were discussed. It is important to note that the effects of different regulatory techniques on the quality of plant-based yogurt vary with each method presenting unique strengths and weaknesses. Occasionally, a combination of methods might be necessary to optimize the enhancement of plant-based yogurt quality. Lastly, the potential measures for controlling the quality of plant-based yogurt were proposed. Our review aimed at offering valuable guidance for the production of high-quality plant-based yogurts.Key words ：plant-based yogurt ；quality optimization ；formula ；processing technology ；fermentation method根据团体标准T/WSJD 12-2020《植物蛋白饮料植物酸奶》的定义，植物酸奶是“以含有一定蛋白质的植物和（或）其制品为原料，经杀菌、发酵等pH 降低，发酵前或发酵后添加或不添加非动物来源配料加工制成的植物蛋白饮料产品”[1]。

2024北京昌平高三二模英语笔试部分本试卷共12页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It was my first day of high school, and it was my first day of school in a new city. There was only one thing on my mind: what to wear. A good image is everything, so it was important for me to 1 the people who I would spend the next four years with.For the first time in my life, I thought about how convenient it would be to wear the school uniform. After carefully selecting, I emerged proudly in a patterned dress. An hour later, I felt 2 as I stepped off the bus and headed toward room 1136. But as I turned the corner into my first class, my jaw dropped to the floor.Sitting at her desk was Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, 3 the exact same dress as I. I kept my head down and tiptoed to my seat, but the first day meant introductions in front of the whole class, and soon enough it was my 4 . I made it through my minute speech, until Mrs. Hutfil z stood up,jokingly adding that she liked my 5 . Although this was the moment I had been worrying from the moment I walked in, all the 6 that had increased surprisingly melted away; the students who had previously been staring at their phones 7 their heads as I shared my story. My smile grew as I laughed with my peers, ending my speech with “And I am very stylish, much like my first period 8 .” After class, I stayed behind and talked to Mrs. Hutfilz, sharing my previous worry about coming into a new school and city. I was 9 to make a humorous and genuine connection with my first teacher, one that would continue for the rest of the year.While my first period of high school may not have gone exactly the way I thought it would, it certainly made the day 10 in the best way, and taught me that Mrs. Hutfilz has an awesome sense of style!1. A. impress B. surprise C. please D. encourage2. A. shy B. lucky C. free D. powerful3. A. preparing B. wearing C. hiding D. designing4. A. turn B. chance C. reward D. solution5. A. writing B. style C. speech D. voice6. A. happiness B. confidence C. boredom D. anxiety7. A. nodded B. buried C. raised D. touched8. A. neighbor B. peer C. teacher D. friend9. A. relieved B. nervous C. patient D. embarrassed10. A. unpredictable B. unforgettable C. unbearable D. unchangeable第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

发现夸克-胶子等离子体存在的新证据
韦禾
【期刊名称】《科学（上海）》
【年(卷),期】2003(055)005
【摘要】据美国布鲁克黑文国家实验室网站2003年6月11日报道:工作于相对论性重离子对撞机(RHIC)的物理学家宣布,他们创造了一种非同寻常的物理条件,有可能发现了夸克-胶子等离子体。

现有物理学理论认为,夸克-胶子等离子体是宇宙大爆炸后百万分之一秒内存在的物质。

RHIC 上的最新发现源于2003年1月至3月所进行的一系列实验,其中包括金核与氘核(氘-金)对擅的实验、两束氘核(氘-氘)对撞实验,并与所做的两束金核(金-金)
【总页数】1页(P8)
【作者】韦禾
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O53
【相关文献】
1.科学家观察到新物质态:夸克--胶子等离子体 [J], 周道其
2.胶子非弹性散射过程对夸克胶子等离子体中双轻子产生的影响∗ [J], 管娜娜
3.夸克-胶子等离子体的探测及首个反物质超核的发现 [J], 马余刚;陈金辉
4.夸克-胶子等离子体的探测及首个反物质超核的发现 [J], 马余刚; 陈金辉
5.夸克胶子等离子体的电导:色流体力学方法 [J], 蒋冰峰
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

2024年高考英语真题试卷（新高考Ⅰ卷）第二部分一、阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

HABITAT RESTORATIONTEAMHelp restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.GROUPSGroups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRINGV olunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.Bring your completed V olunteer Agreement Form. V olunteers under the age of18 must have the parent /guardian approval section signed.We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足)community service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTS1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?A．To discover mineral resources.B．To develop new wildlife parks.C．To protect the local ecosystemD．To conduct biological research.2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?A．5.B．10.C．15.D．18.3．What are the volunteers expected to do?A．Bring their own tools.B．Work even in bad weather.C．Wear a team uniform D．Do at least three projects."I am not crazy, "says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. "I am ahead of my time. "If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods, But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医)now practicing "holistic" medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well, "he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job. "4．What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him?A．He's odd.B．He's strict C．He's brave.D．He's rude5．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?A．He was trained in it at university.B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.C．He benefited from it as a patient.D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.C．Examples of rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.7．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?A．To prove Farber's point B．To emphasize its importance.C．To praise veterinarians.D．To advocate animal protection.Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often "no. " The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text.The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis(假说). " According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical piecesDigital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.8．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean?A．Seem unlikely to last.B．Seem hard to explain.C．Become ready to use.D．Become easy to notice.9．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.C．People select digital texts randomly.D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.10．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?A．They can hold students' attentionB．They are more convenient to prepare.C．They help develop advanced skills.D．They are more informative than text.11．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect."With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application, "said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. "These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?"Using a global dataset of 1. 9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns."We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of af lowering plant instead of the grass rightnext to it, "said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?"Quite a lot, "Daru explained." Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species -that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. "12．What do we know about the records of species collected now?A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic formC．They are limited in numberD．They are used for public exhibition.13．What does Daru's study focus on?A．Threatened species.B．Physical specimens.C．Observational data D．Mobile applications14．What has led to the biases according to the study?A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Poor quality of uploaded picturesC．Improper way of sampling.D．Unreliable data collection devices.15．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps?A．Review data from certain areas.B．Hire experts to check the records.C．Confirm the identity of the users.D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.二、第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Ultra-High Efficiency Photovoltaic Cells for Large Scale Solar Power GenerationYoshiaki NakanoAbstract The primary targets of our project are to dras-tically improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and to develop new energy storage and delivery technologies. Our approach to obtain an efficiency over40%starts from the improvement of III–V multi-junction solar cells by introducing a novel material for each cell realizing an ideal combination of bandgaps and lattice-matching.Further improvement incorporates quantum structures such as stacked quantum wells and quantum dots,which allow higher degree of freedom in the design of the bandgap and the lattice strain.Highly controlled arrangement of either quantum dots or quantum wells permits the coupling of the wavefunctions,and thus forms intermediate bands in the bandgap of a host material,which allows multiple photon absorption theoretically leading to a conversion efficiency exceeding50%.In addition to such improvements, microfabrication technology for the integrated high-effi-ciency cells and the development of novel material systems that realizes high efficiency and low cost at the same time are investigated.Keywords Multi-junctionÁQuantum wellÁConcentratorÁPhotovoltaicINTRODUCTIONLarge-scale photovoltaic(PV)power generation systems, that achieve an ultra-high efficiency of40%or higher under high concentration,are in the spotlight as a new technology to ease drastically the energy problems.Mul-tiple junction(or tandem)solar cells that use epitaxial crystals of III–V compound semiconductors take on the active role for photoelectric energy conversion in such PV power generation systems.Because these solar cells operate under a sunlight concentration of5009to10009, the cost of cells that use the epitaxial crystal does not pose much of a problem.In concentrator PV,the increased cost for a cell is compensated by less costly focusing optics. The photons shining down on earth from the sun have a wide range of energy distribution,from the visible region to the infrared region,as shown in Fig.1.Multi-junction solar cells,which are laminated with multilayers of p–n junctions configured by using materials with different band gaps,show promise in absorbing as much of these photons as possible,and converting the photon energy into elec-tricity with minimum loss to obtain high voltage.Among the various types of multi-junction solar cells,indium gallium phosphide(InGaP)/gallium arsenide(GaAs)/ger-manium(Ge)triple-junction cells that make full use of the relationship between band gaps and diverse lattice con-stants offered by compound semiconductors have the advantage of high conversion efficiency because of their high-quality single crystal with a uniform-size crystal lat-tice.So far,a conversion efficiency exceeding41%under conditions where sunlight is concentrated to an intensity of approximately5009has been reported.The tunnel junction with a function equivalent to elec-trodes is inserted between different materials.The positive holes accumulated in the p layer and the electrons in the adjacent n layer will be recombined and eliminated in the tunnel junction.Therefore,three p–n junctions consisting of InGaP,GaAs,and Ge will become connected in series. The upper limit of the electric current is set by the mini-mum value of photonflux absorbed by a single cell.On the other hand,the sum of voltages of three cells make up the voltage.As shown in Fig.1,photons that can be captured in the GaAs middle cell have a smallflux because of the band gap of each material.As a result,the electric currentoutputAMBIO2012,41(Supplement2):125–131 DOI10.1007/s13280-012-0267-4from the GaAs cell theoretically becomes smaller than that of the others and determines the electric current output of the entire tandem cell.To develop a higher efficiency tandem cell,it is necessary to use a material with a band gap narrower than that of GaAs for the middle cell.In order to obtain maximum conversion efficiency for triple-junction solar cells,it is essential to narrow down the middle cell band gap to 1.2eV and increase the short-circuit current density by 2mA/cm 2compared with that of the GaAs middle cell.When the material is replaced with a narrower band gap,the output voltage will drop.However,the effect of improving the electric current balance out-performs this drop in output voltage and boosts the effi-ciency of the entire multi-junction cell.When a crystal with such a narrow band gap is grown on a Ge base material,lattice relaxation will occur in the middle of epitaxial crystal growth because the lattice constants of narrower band-gap materials are larger than that of Ge (as shown in Fig.2).As a result,the carrier transport properties will degrade due to dislocation.Researchers from the international research center Solar Quest,the University of Tokyo,aim to move beyond such material-related restrictions,and obtain materials and structures that have effective narrow band gaps while maintaining lattice matching with Ge or GaAs.To achieve this goal,we have taken three approaches as indicated in Fig.3.These approaches are explained in detail below.DILUTE NITROGEN-ADDED BULK CRYSTAL Indium gallium nitride arsenide (InGaNAs)is a bulk material consists of InGaAs,which contains several percent of nitrogen.InGaNAs has a high potential for achieving a narrow band gap while maintaining lattice matching with Ge or GaAs.However,InGaNAs has a fatal problem,that is,a drop in carrier mobility due to inhomogeneousdistribution of nitrogen (N).To achieve homogeneous solid solution of N in crystal,we have applied atomic hydrogen irradiation in the film formation process and addition of a very small amount of antimony (Sb)(Fig.3).The atomic hydrogen irradiation technology and the nitrogen radical irradiation technology for incorporating N efficiently into the crystal can be achieved only through molecular beam epitaxy (MBE),which is used to fabricate films under high vacuum conditions.(Nitrogen radical irradiation is a technology that irradiates the surface of a growing crystal with nitrogen atoms that are resolved by passing nitrogen through a plasma device attached to the MBE system.)Therefore,high-quality InGaNAs has been obtained only by MBE until now.Furthermore,as a small amount of Sb is also incorporated in a crystal,it is nec-essary to control the composition of five elements in the crystal with a high degree of accuracy to achieve lattice matching with Ge or GaAs.We have overcome this difficulty by optimizing the crystal growth conditions with high precision and devel-oped a cell that has an InGaNAs absorption layer formed on a GaAs substrate.The short-circuit current has increased by 9.6mA/cm 2for this cell,compared with a GaAs single-junction cell,by narrowing the band gap down to 1.0eV.This technology can be implemented not only for triple-junction cells,but also for higher efficiency lattice-matched quadruple-junction cells on a Ge substrate.In order to avoid the difficulty of adjusting the compo-sition of five elements in a crystal,we are also taking an approach of using GaNAs with a lattice smaller than that of Ge or GaAs for the absorption layer and inserting InAs with a large lattice in dot form to compensate for the crystal’s tensile strain.To make a solid solution of N uniformly in GaNAs,we use the MBE method for crystal growth and the atomic hydrogen irradiation as in the case of InGaNAs.We also believe that using 3D-shaped InAs dots can effectively compensate for the tensile strainthatFig.1Solar spectrum radiated on earth and photon flux collected by the top cell (InGaP),middle cell (GaAs),and bottom cell (Ge)(equivalent to the area of the filled portions in the figure)occurs in GaNAs.We have measured the characteristics of a single-junction cell formed on a GaAs substrate by using a GaNAs absorption layer with InAs dots inserted.Figure 4shows that we were able to succeed in enhancing the external quantum efficiency in the long-wavelength region (corresponding to the GaNAs absorp-tion)to a level equal to GaAs.This was done by extending the absorption edge to a longer wavelength of 1200nm,and increasing the thickness of the GaNAs layer by increasing the number of laminated InAs quantum dot layers.This high quantum efficiency clearly indicates that GaNAs with InAs dots inserted has the satisfactory quality for middle cell material (Oshima et al.2010).STRAIN-COMPENSATED QUANTUM WELL STRUCTUREIt is extremely difficult to develop a narrow band-gap material that can maintain lattice matching with Ge orGaAs unless dilute nitrogen-based materials mentioned earlier are used.As shown in Fig.2,the conventionally used material InGaAs has a narrower band gap and a larger lattice constant than GaAs.Therefore,it is difficult to grow InGaAs with a thickness larger than the critical film thickness on GaAs without causing lattice relaxation.However,the total film thickness of InGaAs can be increased as an InGaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated multi-layer structure by laminating InGaAs with a thickness less than the critical film thickness in combination with GaAsP that is based on GaAs as well,but has a small lattice constant,and bringing the average strain close to zero (Fig.3.).This InGaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated multilayer structure will form a quantum well-type potential as shown in Fig.5.The narrow band-gap InGaAs layer absorbs the long-wavelength photons to generate electron–hole pairs.When these electron–hole pairs go over the potential bar-rier of the GaAsP layer due to thermal excitation,the electrons and holes are separated by a built-in electricfieldFig.2Relationship between band gaps and lattice constants of III–V-based and IV-based crystalsto generate photocurrent.There is a high probability of recombination of electron–hole pairs that remain in the well.To avoid this recombination,it is necessary to take out the electron–hole pairs efficiently from the well and transfer them to n-type and p-type regions without allowing them to be recaptured into the well.Designing thequantumFig.3Materials and structures of narrow band-gap middle cells being researched by thisteamFig.4Spectral quantum efficiency of GaAs single-junction cell using GaNAs bulk crystal layer (inserted with InAs dots)as the absorption layer:Since the InAs dot layer and the GaNAs bulk layer are stacked alternately,the total thickness of GaNAs layers increases as the number of stacked InAs dot layers is increased.The solid line in the graph indicates the data of a reference cell that uses GaAs for its absorption layer (Oshima et al.2010)well structure suited for this purpose is essential for improving conversion efficiency.The high-quality crystal growth by means of the metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)method with excellent ability for mass production has already been applied for InGaAs and GaAsP layers in semiconductor optical device applications.Therefore,it is technologically quite possible to incorporate the InGaAs/GaAsP quantum well structure into multi-junction solar cells that are man-ufactured at present,only if highly accurate strain com-pensation can be achieved.As the most basic approach related to quantum well structure design,we are working on fabrication of super-lattice cells with the aim of achieving higher efficiency by making the GaAsP barrier layer as thin as possible,and enabling carriers to move among wells by means of the tunnel effect.Figure 6shows the spectral quantum effi-ciency of a superlattice cell.In this example,the thickness of the GaAsP barrier layer is 5nm,which is not thin enough for proper demonstration of the tunnel effect.When the quantum efficiency in the wavelength range (860–960nm)that corresponds to absorption of the quan-tum well is compared between a cell,which has a con-ventionally used barrier layer and a thickness of 10nm or more,and a superlattice cell,which has the same total layer thickness of InGaAs,the superlattice cell demonstrates double or higher quantum efficiency.This result indicates that carrier mobility across quantum wells is promoted by even the partial use of the tunnel effect.By increasing the P composition in the GaAsP layer,the thickness of well (or the In composition)can be increased,and the barrier layer thickness can be reduced while strain compensation is maintained.A cell with higher quantum efficiency can befabricated while extending the absorption edge to the long-wavelength side (Wang et al.2010,2012).GROWTH TECHNIQUE FOR STRAIN-COMPENSATED QUANTUM WELLTo reduce the strain accumulated in the InGaAs/GaAsP multilayer structure as close to zero as possible,it is nec-essary to control the thickness and atomic content of each layer with high accuracy.The In composition and thickness of the InGaAs layer has a direct effect on the absorption edge wavelength and the GaAsP layer must be thinned to a satisfactory extent to demonstrate fully the tunnel effect of the barrier layer.Therefore,it is desirable that the average strain of the entire structure is adjusted mainly by the P composition of the GaAsP layer.Meanwhile,for MOVPE,there exists a nonlinear rela-tionship between the P composition of the crystal layer and the P ratio [P/(P ?As)]in the vapor phase precursors,which arises from different absorption and desorption phenomena on the surface.As a result,it is not easy to control the P composition of the crystal layer.To break through such a difficulty and promote efficient optimiza-tion of crystal growth conditions,we have applied a mechanism to evaluate the strain of the crystal layer during growth in real time by sequentially measuring the curvature of wafers during growth with an incident laser beam from the observation window of the reactor.As shown in Fig.7,the wafer curvature during the growth of an InGaAs/GaAsP multilayer structure indicates a periodic behavior.Based on a simple mechanical model,it has become clear that the time changes ofwaferFig.5Distribution of potential formed by the InGaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated multilayer structure:the narrow band-gap InGaAs layer is sandwiched between wide band-gap GaAsP layers and,as a result,it as quantum well-type potential distribution.In the well,electron–hole pairs are formed by absorption of long-wavelength photons and at the same time,recombination of electrons and holes takes place.The team from Solar Quest is focusing on developing a superlattice structure with the thinnest GaAsP barrier layercurvature are proportionate to the strain of the crystal layer relative to a substrate during the growing process.One vibration cycle of the curvature is same as the growth time of an InGaAs and GaAsP pair (Sugiyama et al.2011).Therefore,the observed vibration of the wafer curvature reflects the accumulation of the compression strain that occurs during InGaAs growth and the release of the strain that occurs during GaAsP growth.When the strain is completely compensated,the growth of the InGaAs/GaAsP pair will cause this strain to return to the initial value and the wafer curvature will vibrate with the horizontal line as the center.As shown in Fig.7,strain can be compensated almost completely by adjusting the layer structure.Only by conducting a limited number of test runs,the use of such real-time observation technology of the growth layer enables setting the growth conditions for fabricating the layer structure for which strain has been compensated with highaccuracy.Fig.6Spectral quantum efficiency of GaAs single-junction cell using InGaAs/GaAsP superlattice as theabsorption layer:This structure consists of 60layers of InGaAs quantum wells.The graph also shows data of a reference cell that uses GaAs for its absorption layer (Wang et al.2010,2012)Fig.7Changes in wafer curvature over time during growth of the InGaAs/GaAsP multilayer structure.This graph indicates the measurement result and the simulation result of the curvature based on the layer structure(composition ?thickness)obtained by X-ray diffraction.Since compressive strain is applied during InGaAs growth,the curvature decreases as time passes.On the other hand,since tensile strain is applied during GaAsP growth,the curvature changes in the oppositedirection (Sugiyama et al.2011)FUTURE DIRECTIONSIn order to improve the conversion efficiency by enhancing the current matching of multi-junction solar cells using III–V compound semiconductors,there is an urgent need to create semiconductor materials or structures that can maintain lattice matching with Ge or GaAs,and have a band gap of1.2eV.As for InGaNAs,which consists of InGaAs with several percent of nitrogen added,we have the prospect of extending the band edge to1.0eV while retaining sufficient carrier mobility for solar cells by means of atomic hydrogen irradiation and application of a small quantity of Sb during the growth process.In addition,as for GaNAs bulk crystal containing InAs dots,we were able to extend the band edge to1.2eV and produce a high-quality crystal with enoughfilm thickness to achieve the quantum efficiency equivalent to that of GaAs.These crystals are grown by means of MBE. Therefore,measures that can be used to apply these crys-tals for mass production,such as migration to MOVPE, will be investigated after demonstrating their high effi-ciency by embedding these crystals into multi-junction cells.As for the InGaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated quantum well that can be grown using MOVPE,we are working on the development of a thinner barrier layer while compen-sating for the strain with high accuracy by real-time observation of the wafer curvature.We have had the prospect of achieving a quantum efficiency that will sur-pass existing quantum well solar cells by promoting the carrier transfer within the multilayer quantum well struc-ture using the tunnel effect.As this technology can be transferred quite easily to the existing multi-junction solar cell fabrication process,we strongly believe that this technology can significantly contribute to the efficiency improvement of the latest multi-junction solar cells. REFERENCESOshima,R.,A.Takata,Y.Shoji,K.Akahane,and Y.Okada.2010.InAs/GaNAs strain-compensated quantum dots stacked up to50 layers for use in high-efficiency solar cell.Physica E42: 2757–2760.Sugiyama,M.,K.Sugita,Y.Wang,and Y.Nakano.2011.In situ curvature monitoring for metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of strain-balanced stacks of InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum wells.Journal of Crystal Growth315:1–4.Wang,Y.,Y.Wen,K.Watanabe,M.Sugiyama,and Y.Nakano.2010.InGaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated superlattice solar cell for enhanced spectral response.In Proceedings35th IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference,3383–3385.Wang,Y.P.,S.Ma,M.Sugiyama,and Y.Nakano.2012.Management of highly-strained heterointerface in InGaAs/GaAsP strain-balanced superlattice for photovoltaic application.Journal of Crystal Growth.doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.12.049. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHYYoshiaki Nakano(&)is Professor and Director General of Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology,the University of Tokyo.His research interests include physics and fabrication tech-nologies of semiconductor distributed feedback lasers,semiconductor optical modulators/switches,monolithically integrated photonic cir-cuits,and high-efficiency heterostructure solar cells.Address:Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo,4-6-1Komaba,Meguro-ku,Tokyo153-8904,Japan.e-mail:nakano@rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp。

2024全国高考真题英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2024·浙江·高考真题）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?A．Take an examination alone.B．Share their treats with others.C．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.D．Show respect for the researchers.2．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needsC．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains 3．What does the author suggest readers do?A．Be selective information consumers.B．Absorb new information readily.C．Use diverse information sources.D．Protect the information environment.4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Later, the BetterC．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans（2024·全国·高考真题）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species inan area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”5．What do we know about the records of species collected now?A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic form.C．They are limited in number.D．They are used for public exhibition.6．What does Daru’s study focus on?A．Threatened species.B．Physical specimens.C．Observational data.D．Mobile applications.7．What has led to the biases according to the study?A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C．Improper way of sampling.D．Unreliable data collection devices.8．What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A．Review data from certain areas.B．Hire experts to check the records.C．Confirm the identity of the users.D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.（2024·全国·高考真题）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) thatpowers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.9．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．If read by someone poorly educated.B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.C．If written by someone less competent.D．If translated by someone unacademic.10．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?A．It is packed with complex codes.B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.C．It provides step-by-step instructions.D．It is intended for AI professionals.11．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?A．Observe existing regulations on it.B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To recommend a book on AI.B．To give a brief account of AI history.C．To clarify the definition of AI.D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.（2024·全国·高考真题）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosingwhat to read became easier.But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.13．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?A．To discuss a novel.B．To submit a book report.C．To argue for a writer.D．To ask for a reading list.14．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.B．Readers are often carried away by character.C．Each type of literature has its unique end.D．A story which begins well will end well.15．What is expected of a good ending?A．It satisfies readers’ taste.B．It fits with the story development.C．It is usually positive.D．It is open for imagination.16．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?A．To give examples of great novelists.B．To stress the theme of this issue.C．To encourage writing for the magazine.D．To recommend their new books.（2024·北京·高考真题）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.17．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code?A．Living conditions were the drive.B．Unwritten rules were the target.C．Social tradition was the basis.D．Honesty was the key.18．What can we learn from this passage?A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.D．Written laws have great influence on virtues. 19．Which would be the best title for this passage?A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-disciplineC．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality参考答案1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标Ⅰ卷英语试卷姓名________________ 准考证号________________全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

考生注意：1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1．What is Kate doing?A．Boarding a flight. B．Arranging a trip. C．Seeing a friend off.2．What are the speakers talking about?A．A pop star. B．An old song. C．A radio program.3．What will the speakers do today?A．Go to an art show. B．Meet the man's aunt. C．Eat out with Mark.4．What does the man want to do?A．Cancel an order. B．Ask for a receipt. C．Reschedule a delivery.5．When will the next train to Bedford leave?A．At 9:45. B．At 10:15. C．At 11:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

•Creating a reference list or bibliographyA numbered list of references must be provided at the end of thepaper. The list should be arranged in the order of citation in the text of the assignment or essay, not in alphabetical order. List only one reference per reference number. Footnotes or otherinformation that are not part of the referencing format should not be included in the reference list.The following examples demonstrate the format for a variety of types of references. Included are some examples of citing electronic documents. Such items come in many forms, so only some examples have been listed here.Print DocumentsBooksNote: Every (important) word in the title of a book or conference must be capitalised. Only the first word of a subtitle should be capitalised. Capitalise the "v" in Volume for a book title.Punctuation goes inside the quotation marks.Standard formatSingle author[1] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,1993, pp. 123-135.[2] S. M. Hemmington, Soft Science. Saskatoon: University ofSaskatchewan Press, 1997.Edited work[3] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.Later edition[4] K. Schwalbe, Information Technology Project Management, 3rd ed.Boston: Course Technology, 2004.[5] M. N. DeMers, Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems,3rd ed. New York : John Wiley, 2005.More than one author[6] T. Jordan and P. A. Taylor, Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebelswith a cause? London: Routledge, 2004.[7] U. J. Gelinas, Jr., S. G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz, Businessprocesses and information technology. Cincinnati:South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2004.Three or more authorsNote: The names of all authors should be given in the references unless the number of authors is greater than six. If there are more than six authors, you may use et al. after the name of the first author.[8] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, D. Upton, and S. Wheelwright, Operations,Strategy, and Technology: Pursuing the competitive edge.Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2005.Series[9] M. Bell, et al., Universities Online: A survey of onlineeducation and services in Australia, Occasional Paper Series 02-A. Canberra: Department of Education, Science andTraining, 2002.Corporate author (ie: a company or organisation)[10] World Bank, Information and Communication Technologies: AWorld Bank group strategy. Washington, DC : World Bank, 2002.Conference (complete conference proceedings)[11] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and theDigital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical andCognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.Government publication[12] Australia. Attorney-Generals Department. Digital AgendaReview, 4 Vols. Canberra: Attorney- General's Department,2003.Manual[13] Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, TransmissionSystem for Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories,1995.Catalogue[14] Catalog No. MWM-1, Microwave Components, M. W. Microwave Corp.,Brooklyn, NY.Application notes[15] Hewlett-Packard, Appl. Note 935, pp. 25-29.Note:Titles of unpublished works are not italicised or capitalised. Capitalise only the first word of a paper or thesis.Technical report[16] K. E. Elliott and C.M. Greene, "A local adaptive protocol,"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep.916-1010-BB, 1997.Patent / Standard[17] K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, "Fuzzy controller component, " U.S. Patent 14,860,040, December 14, 1996.Papers presented at conferences (unpublished)[18] H. A. Nimr, "Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzycontrollers," presented at 5th International Conference onFuzzy Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.Thesis or dissertation[19] H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks," M.S. thesis,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.[20] M. W. Dixon, "Application of neural networks to solve therouting problem in communication networks," Ph.D.dissertation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 1999.Parts of a BookNote: These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the chapters or parts have individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited by others. If the editors of a work are also the authors of all of the included chapters then it should be cited as a whole book using the examples given above (Books).Capitalise only the first word of a paper or book chapter.Single chapter from an edited work[1] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by meansof transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol.69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," inPlastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.Conference or seminar paper (one paper from a published conference proceedings)[3] N. Osifchin and G. Vau, "Power considerations for themodernization of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CEE/FSU) countries," in Second International Telecommunications Energy SpecialConference, 1997, pp. 9-16.[4] S. Al Kuran, "The prospects for GaAs MESFET technology in dc-acvoltage conversion," in Proceedings of the Fourth AnnualPortable Design Conference, 1997, pp. 137-142.Article in an encyclopaedia, signed[5] O. B. R. Strimpel, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-HillEncyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283.Study Guides and Unit ReadersNote: You should not cite from Unit Readers, Study Guides, or lecture notes, but where possible you should go to the original source of the information. If you do need to cite articles from the Unit Reader, treat the Reader articles as if they were book or journal articles. In the reference list or bibliography use the bibliographical details as quoted in the Reader and refer to the page numbers from the Reader, not the original page numbers (unless you have independently consulted the original).[6] L. Vertelney, M. Arent, and H. Lieberman, "Two disciplines insearch of an interface: Reflections on a design problem," in The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, B. Laurel, Ed.Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990. Reprinted inHuman-Computer Interaction (ICT 235) Readings and Lecture Notes, Vol. 1. Murdoch: Murdoch University, 2005, pp. 32-37. Journal ArticlesNote: Capitalise only the first word of an article title, except for proper nouns or acronyms. Every (important) word in the title of a journal must be capitalised. Do not capitalise the "v" in volume for a journal article.You must either spell out the entire name of each journal that you reference or use accepted abbreviations. You must consistently do one or the other. Staff at the Reference Desk can suggest sources of accepted journal abbreviations.You may spell out words such as volume or December, but you must either spell out all such occurrences or abbreviate all. You do not need to abbreviate March, April, May, June or July.To indicate a page range use pp. 111-222. If you refer to only one page, use only p. 111.Standard formatJournal articles[1] E. P. Wigner, "Theory of traveling wave optical laser," Phys.Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635-A646, Dec. 1965.[2] J. U. Duncombe, "Infrared navigation - Part I: An assessmentof feasability," IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.[3] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijnnetworks and shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.OR[4] J. R. Beveridge and E. M. Riseman, "How easy is matching 2D linemodels using local search?" IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, pp. 564-579, June 1997.[5] I. S. Qamber, "Flow graph development method," MicroelectronicsReliability, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1387-1395, Dec. 1993.[6] E. H. Miller, "A note on reflector arrays," IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation, to be published.Electronic documentsNote:When you cite an electronic source try to describe it in the same way you would describe a similar printed publication. If possible, give sufficient information for your readers to retrieve the source themselves.If only the first page number is given, a plus sign indicates following pages, eg. 26+. If page numbers are not given, use paragraph or other section numbers if you need to be specific. An electronic source may not always contain clear author or publisher details.The access information will usually be just the URL of the source. As well as a publication/revision date (if there is one), the date of access is included since an electronic source may change between the time you cite it and the time it is accessed by a reader.E-BooksStandard format[1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture inPractice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.[2] T. Eckes, The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender. MahwahNJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000. [E-book] Available: netLibrary e-book.Article in online encyclopaedia[3] D. Ince, "Acoustic coupler," in A Dictionary of the Internet.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. [Online]. Available: Oxford Reference Online, .[Accessed: May 24, 2005].[4] W. D. Nance, "Management information system," in The BlackwellEncyclopedic Dictionary of Management Information Systems,G.B. Davis, Ed. Malden MA: Blackwell, 1999, pp. 138-144.[E-book]. Available: NetLibrary e-book.E-JournalsStandard formatJournal article abstract accessed from online database[1] M. T. Kimour and D. Meslati, "Deriving objects from use casesin real-time embedded systems," Information and SoftwareTechnology, vol. 47, no. 8, p. 533, June 2005. [Abstract].Available: ProQuest, /proquest/.[Accessed May 12, 2005].Note: Abstract citations are only included in a reference list if the abstract is substantial or if the full-text of the article could not be accessed.Journal article from online full-text databaseNote: When including the internet address of articles retrieved from searches in full-text databases, please use the Recommended URLs for Full-text Databases, which are the URLs for the main entrance to the service and are easier to reproduce.[2] H. K. Edwards and V. Sridhar, "Analysis of software requirementsengineering exercises in a global virtual team setup,"Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 13, no. 2, p.21+, April-June 2005. [Online]. Available: Academic OneFile, . [Accessed May 31, 2005].[3] A. Holub, "Is software engineering an oxymoron?" SoftwareDevelopment Times, p. 28+, March 2005. [Online]. Available: ProQuest, . [Accessed May 23, 2005].Journal article in a scholarly journal (published free of charge on the internet)[4] A. Altun, "Understanding hypertext in the context of readingon the web: Language learners' experience," Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July 2003. [Online]. Available: /volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2004].Journal article in electronic journal subscription[5] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots withsmoothed densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available:. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].Newspaper article from online database[6] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," TheAustralian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. Available: Factiva,. [Accessed May 31, 2005].Newspaper article from the Internet[7] C. Wilson-Clark, "Computers ranked as key literacy," The WestAustralian, para. 3, March 29, 2004. [Online]. Available:.au. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].Internet DocumentsStandard formatProfessional Internet site[1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, 揇igitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVBterrestrial services; transmission aspects,?EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190,1997. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed:Aug. 17, 1998].Personal Internet site[2] G. Sussman, "Home page - Dr. Gerald Sussman," July 2002.[Online]. Available:/faculty/Sussman/sussmanpage.htm[Accessed: Sept. 12, 2004].General Internet site[3] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast," ,para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001. [Online]. Available:/news/1116995. [Accessed: Sept. 12,2004].Internet document, no author given[4] 揂憀ayman抯?explanation of Ultra Narrow Band technology,?Oct.3, 2003. [Online]. Available:/Layman.pdf. [Accessed: Dec. 3, 2003].Non-Book FormatsPodcasts[1] W. Brown and K. Brodie, Presenters, and P. George, Producer, 揊rom Lake Baikal to the Halfway Mark, Yekaterinburg? Peking to Paris: Episode 3, Jun. 4, 2007. [Podcast television programme]. Sydney: ABC Television. Available:.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xm l. [Accessed Feb. 4, 2008].[2] S. Gary, Presenter, 揃lack Hole Death Ray? StarStuff, Dec. 23, 2007. [Podcast radio programme]. Sydney: ABC News Radio. Available: .au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml. [Accessed Feb. 4, 2008].Other FormatsMicroform[3] W. D. Scott & Co, Information Technology in Australia:Capacities and opportunities: A report to the Department ofScience and Technology. [Microform]. W. D. Scott & CompanyPty. Ltd. in association with Arthur D. Little Inc. Canberra:Department of Science and Technology, 1984.Computer game[4] The Hobbit: The prelude to the Lord of the Rings. [CD-ROM].United Kingdom: Vivendi Universal Games, 2003.Software[5] Thomson ISI, EndNote 7. [CD-ROM]. Berkeley, Ca.: ISIResearchSoft, 2003.Video recording[6] C. Rogers, Writer and Director, Grrls in IT. [Videorecording].Bendigo, Vic. : Video Education Australasia, 1999.A reference list: what should it look like?The reference list should appear at the end of your paper. Begin the list on a new page. The title References should be either left justified or centered on the page. The entries should appear as one numerical sequence in the order that the material is cited in the text of your assignment.Note: The hanging indent for each reference makes the numerical sequence more obvious.[1] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by meansof transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol.69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," inPlastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.[3] S. M. Hemmington, Soft Science. Saskatoon: University ofSaskatchewan Press, 1997.[4] N. Osifchin and G. Vau, "Power considerations for themodernization of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CEE/FSU) countries," in Second International Telecommunications Energy SpecialConference, 1997, pp. 9-16.[5] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.[8] O. B. R. Strimpel, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-HillEncyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283.[9] K. Schwalbe, Information Technology Project Management, 3rd ed.Boston: Course Technology, 2004.[10] M. N. DeMers, Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems,3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2005.[11] L. Vertelney, M. Arent, and H. Lieberman, "Two disciplines insearch of an interface: Reflections on a design problem," in The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, B. Laurel, Ed.Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990. Reprinted inHuman-Computer Interaction (ICT 235) Readings and Lecture Notes, Vol. 1. Murdoch: Murdoch University, 2005, pp. 32-37.[12] E. P. Wigner, "Theory of traveling wave optical laser,"Physical Review, vol.134, pp. A635-A646, Dec. 1965.[13] J. U. Duncombe, "Infrared navigation - Part I: An assessmentof feasibility," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.[14] M. Bell, et al., Universities Online: A survey of onlineeducation and services in Australia, Occasional Paper Series 02-A. Canberra: Department of Education, Science andTraining, 2002.[15] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and theDigital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical andCognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.[16] I. S. Qamber, "Flow graph development method,"Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1387-1395, Dec. 1993.[17] Australia. Attorney-Generals Department. Digital AgendaReview, 4 Vols. Canberra: Attorney- General's Department, 2003.[18] C. Rogers, Writer and Director, Grrls in IT. [Videorecording].Bendigo, Vic.: Video Education Australasia, 1999.[19] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture inPractice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.[20] D. Ince, "Acoustic coupler," in A Dictionary of the Internet.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. [Online]. Available: Oxford Reference Online, .[Accessed: May 24, 2005].[21] H. K. Edwards and V. Sridhar, "Analysis of softwarerequirements engineering exercises in a global virtual team setup," Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 21+, April-June 2005. [Online]. Available: AcademicOneFile, . [Accessed May 31,2005].[22] A. Holub, "Is software engineering an oxymoron?" SoftwareDevelopment Times, p. 28+, March 2005. [Online]. Available: ProQuest, . [Accessed May 23, 2005].[23] H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks," M.S. thesis,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.[24] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots withsmoothed densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available:. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].[25] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," TheAustralian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. Available: Factiva,. [Accessed May 31, 2005].[26] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, 揇igitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects,?EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190,1997. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: Aug. 17, 1998].[27] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast," ,para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001. [Online]. Available:/news/1116995. [Accessed Sept. 12,2004].[28] W. D. Scott & Co, Information Technology in Australia:Capacities and opportunities: A report to the Department of Science and Technology. [Microform]. W. D. Scott & Company Pty. Ltd. in association with Arthur D. Little Inc. Canberra: Department of Science and Technology, 1984.AbbreviationsStandard abbreviations may be used in your citations. A list of appropriate abbreviations can be found below:。

1“We needed a solution that would allow us to extend our existing security framework into the cloud, while maintaining full control and visibility across the entire infrastructure. Using the Fortinet Fabric Connector for Azure Cloud Services, together with virtual instances of the FortiGate NGFW, gave us single-pane-of-glass control and visibility over everything.”–Marc Verstraaten, Cloud Architect, Wageningen University & Research CASE STUDYLeading Dutch University for Environmental Research Harnesses the Cloud With FortiGate Virtual Appliances and Migration AutomationWageningen University & Research, located in the town of Wageningen in theNetherlands, is one of the world’s highest-ranking universities in disciplinesspanning environmental science, agriculture, forestry, and ecology.In addition to its renown in education and fundamental research, theestablishment has a strong global position as a supplier of application-orientedand field-based research, collaborating with other educational and researchinstitutes, as well as governments, non-governmental organizations, andbusinesses from around the world.Wageningen University & Research employs over 6,500 staff and currently servesaround 12,500 students from over 100 countries.Securely Harnessing the Potential of Dynamic Cloud ServicesA Fortinet customer since 2014, the university had long leveraged FortiGatenext-generation firewalls (NGFWs) to protect applications and data within theperimeters of its two centrally located data centers.FortiGate NGFWs combine dedicated, purpose-built security processors withthreat-intelligence services from FortiGuard Labs to deliver top-rated security andhigh-performance threat protection.With the addition of FortiManager centralized network management andFortiAnalyzer analytics and automation (collectively known as the FabricManagement Center), network administrators gain powerful network management,automation, and response, with broad visibility and granular device and role-basedadministration across the entire infrastructure.In early 2020, with increasing research collaboration on projects requiring a moreflexible and dynamic infrastructure, the university’s IT team realized that it wouldneed to start moving some of these workloads to the cloud.The team chose Azure Cloud Services from Microsoft as its cloud provider. TheAzure Infrastucture -as-a-Service (I aaS) environment provided the agility, scalability,and control the team needed, but the move to the cloud complicated the process ofmaintaining security. Having witnessed a recent high-profile breach at anotheruniversity in the Netherlands, Wageningen University & Research was takingno chances.“We needed a solution that would allow us to extend our existing securityframework into the cloud, while maintaining full control and visibility across theentire infrastructure,” explains Marc Verstraaten, cloud architect at WageningenUniversity & Research. “Using the Fortinet Fabric Connector for Azure CloudServices, together with virtual instances of the FortiGate NGFW, gave us single-pane-of-glass control and visibility over everything.”Details Customer: Wageningen University & Research Industry: Education Location: The Netherlands Business Impact n n Improved flexibility, scalability, and management of IT resources n n Enhanced security n n Greater control and visibility of global research applications and dataCASE STUDY | Leading Dutch University for Environmental Research Harnesses the Cloud With FortiGate Virtual Appliances and Migration Automation Copyright © 2021 Fortinet, Inc. All rights reserved. Fortinet ®, FortiGate ®, FortiCare ® and FortiGuard ®, and certain other marks are registered trademarks of Fortinet, Inc., and other Fortinet names herein may also be registered and/or common law trademarks of Fortinet. All other product or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Performance and other metrics contained herein were attained in internal lab tests under ideal conditions, and actual performance and other results may vary. Network variables, different network environments and other conditions may affect performance results. Nothing herein represents any binding commitment by Fortinet, and Fortinet disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, except to the extent Fortinet enters a binding written contract, signed by Fortinet’s General Counsel, with a purchaser that expressly warrants that the identified product will perform according to certain expressly-identified performance metrics and, in such event, only the specific performance metrics expressly identified in such binding written contract shall be binding on Fortinet. For absolute clarity, any such warranty will be limited to performance in the same ideal conditions as in Fortinet’s internal lab tests. Fortinet disclaims in full any covenants, representations, and guarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or implied. Fortinet reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice, and the most current version of the publication shall be applicable.May 5, 2021 3:46 AMD:\Fortinet\2021 Rebranded templates\Case Studies\May\WUR\cs-leading-dutch-university-V1-552021\cs-leading-dutch-university-V1-5520211007903-0-0-EN Solutions n n FortiGate VM n n FortiGate n n FortiManager n n FortiAnalyzer The Fortinet Security Fabric is an architectural approach that enables themultiple security elements of a network to act together as a single, intelligent,responsive entity.Since FortiGate virtual appliances are built on the same FortiOS operatingsystem as their physical counterparts, they enable customers to create theoptimal architecture for their specific environment, balancing the unparalleledperformance of the physical form factor with the flexibility and scalability of thevirtual, to provide seamless visibility and control from the network core right out tothe edge.Through FortiManager and the Fortinet Security Fabric, configuration andpolicy management can then be consolidated across both physical and virtualenvironments through a single pane of glass, simplifying management andreducing the potential for service degradation or bottlenecks.Non-Fortinet components, such as those within the Azure Cloud Servicesenvironment, can then be brought under the protective umbrella of the FortinetSecurity Fabric through prebuilt application programming interfaces (APIs) knownas Fabric Connectors.For complex application development operations such as those of WageningenUniversity & Research, one of the key risks associated with moving workloadsinto the cloud is the potential introduction of vulnerabilities resulting fromconfiguration errors and manual data compilation.“The ability to integrate automated cloud deployment scripts into the already-familiar management interface of FortiManager and FortiAnalyzer was anotherkey advantage for us,” adds Verstraaten. “Our team was well-versed in theimplementation of on-premises security policies but lacked experience with thecloud environment.”Ready for the Future“The ability to integrate automated cloud deployment scripts into the already-familiar management interface of FortiManager and FortiAnalyzer was another key advantage for us. Our team was well-versed in the implementation of on-premises security policies but lacked experience with the cloud environment.”– Marc Verstraaten, Cloud Architect, Wageningen University & ResearchHaving completed the first phase of their new cloud migration, the university is now looking to optimize service delivery through the built-in load-balancing capabilities of the FortiGate virtual appliances.“One of the things we particularly like about the Fortinet solution is the range of functionality you get right out of the box,” comments Verstraaten. “It means we can move at a pace that suits us, deploying additional capabilities as and when we need them.”The university’s stated mission, “To explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life” is undoubtedly one ofincreasing significance in the face of globally accelerating technological and environmental change. Through the FortinetSecurity Fabric and the continued efforts of Marc Verstraaten and his team, Wageningen University & Research is now able to pursue that mission with a greatly reduced risk of disruption from the ever-evolving specter of cyberattack.。