1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语

1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “45” work force is the most important 46in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in[C] on[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm[D] importanceSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediatelyword flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but wh at I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, hemeans ________.[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A] opposition[B] suspicion[C] approval[D] indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I wa s just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner -- amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship[B] courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated[C] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends[D] social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.[A] to improve their hard life[B] in view of their long-distance travel[C] to add some flavor to their own daily life[D] out of a charitable impulse58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________.[A] tends to be superficial and artificial[B] is generally well kept up in the United States[C] is always understood properly[D] has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioningis a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.59. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that________.[A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used[B] “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers[C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine[D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous60. T he word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.[A] widespread[B] overwhelming[C] piercing[D] fashionable61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.[A] stimulants function positively on the mind[B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health[C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances[D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groupsText 4No company likes to be told it is contribut ing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply thelatest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountain ous debt, which will increase to $ billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outl et. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock sin ging verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.[A] its raising of the corporate stock price[B] its self-examination of soul[C] its neglect of social responsibility[D] its emphasis on creative freedom64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________.[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection[D] received more support from the 15-member board66. The best title for this passage could be ________.[A] A Company under Fire[B] A Debate on Moral Decline[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture[D] A Form of Creative FreedomText 5Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere % last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to % this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each mont h said that America’s inflation rate would average % in 1995. In fact, it fell to % in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate % in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67. From the passage we learn that ________.[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates[B] economy will always follow certain models[C] the economic situation is better than expected[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation68. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car[B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation[C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation[D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy69. The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time[B] the inflation rate will soon rise[C] the inflation will disappear quickly[D] there is no inflation at present70. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.[A] critical of[B] puzzled by[C] disappointed at[D] amazed atSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 71) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people -- for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who sa ys “I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake -- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl -- is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年考研英语真题答案71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认识并不存在。

1997年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（全国卷）化学第I卷一、选择题(本题包括5小题,每小题3分,共15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意．)1．19世纪中叶,门捷列夫的突出贡献是A．提出原子学说B．发现元素周期律C．提出分子学说D．发现氧气2．下列各组微粒中,核外电子总数相等的是A．K+和Na+ B．CO2和NO2C．CO和CO2 D．N2和CO3．将某溶液逐滴加入Fe(OH)3溶胶内,开始时产生沉淀,继续滴加时沉淀又溶解,该溶液是A．2 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液B．2 mol·L-1NaOH溶液C．2 mol·L-1MgSO4溶液D．硅酸溶胶4．已知酸性大小:羧酸>碳酸>酚．下列含溴化合物中的溴原子,在适当条件下都能被羟基(-OH)取代(均可称为水解反应),所得产物能跟NaHCO3溶液反应的是5．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀时,正极上发生的电极反应是A．2H++2e- =H2 B．Fe2++2e- =FeC．2H2O+O2+4e-=4OH- D．Fe3++e-=Fe2+二、选择题(本题包括15小题,每小题3分,共45分．每小题有一个或两个选项符合题意．若正确答案只包括一个选项,多选时,该题为0分;若正确答案包括两个选项,只选一个且正确的给1分,选两个且都正确的给3分,但只要选错一个,该小题就为0分．)6．甲基丙烯酸甲酯是世界上年产量超过100万吨的高分子单体,旧法合成的反应是: (CH3)2C＝O+HCN-→(CH3)2C(OH)CN(CH3)2C(OH)CN+CH3OH+H2SO4-→CH2＝C(CH3)COOCH3+NH4HSO490年代新法的反应是:与旧法比较,新法的优点是A．原料无爆炸危险B．原料都是无毒物质C．没有副产物,原料利用率高D．对设备腐蚀性较小7．下列叙述中,正确的是A．含金属元素的离子不一定都是阳离子B．在氧化还原反应中,非金属单质一定是氧化剂C．某元素从化合态变为游离态时,该元素一定被还原D．金属阳离子被还原不一定得到金属单质8．某溶液含有较多的Na2SO4和少量的Fe2(SO4)3．若用该溶液制取芒硝,可供选择的操作有:①加适量H2SO4溶液,②加金属Na,③结晶,④加过量NaOH溶液,⑤加强热脱结晶水,⑥过滤．正确的操作步骤是A．②⑥③B．④⑥①③C．④⑥③⑤D．②⑥①③⑤9．下列各组离子,在强碱性溶液中可以大量共存的是10．已知铍(Be)的原子序数为4．下列对铍及其化合物的叙述中,正确的是A．铍的原子半径大于硼的原子半径B．氯化铍分子中铍原子的最外层电子数是8C．氢氧化铍的碱性比氢氧化钙的弱D．单质铍跟冷水反应产生氢气11．分别取等质量80℃的甲、乙两种化合物的饱和溶液,降温至20℃后,所析出的甲的质量比乙的大(甲和乙均无结晶水)．下列关于甲、乙溶解度的叙述中肯定正确的是A．20℃时,乙的溶解度比甲的大B．80℃时,甲的溶解度比乙的大C．温度对乙的溶解度影响较大D．温度对甲的溶解度影响较大12．下列反应的离子方程式正确的是A．氨气通入醋酸溶液中CH3COOH+NH3＝CH3COONH4B．澄清的石灰水跟盐酸反应H++OH-＝H2OC．碳酸钡溶于醋酸BaCO3+2H+＝Ba2++H2O+CO2↑D．金属钠跟水反应2Na+2H2O＝2Na++2OH-+H2↑13．向50mL 18 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中加入足量的铜片并加热．充分反应后,被还原的H2SO4的物质的量A．小于0．45 mol B．等于0．45 molC．在0．45 mol和0．90 mol之间D．大于0．90 mol14．0．1 mol·L-1NaOH和0．1 mol·L-1NH4Cl溶液等体积混合后,离子浓度大小正确的次序是A．[Na+]>[Cl-]>[OH-]>[H+] B．[Na+]=[Cl-]>[OH-]>[H+]C．[Na+]=[Cl-]>[H+]>[OH-] D．[Cl-]>[Na+]>[OH-]>[H+]15．下列说法正确的是(N0表示阿伏加德罗常数的值)A．在常温常压下,11．2 L N2含有的分子数为0．5N0B．在常温常压下,1 mol Ne含有的原子数为N0C．71 g Cl2所含原子数为2N0D．在同温同压时,相同体积的任何气体单质所含的原子数相同16．CaC2和MgC2都是离子化合物．下列叙述中正确的是17．将0．1 mol下列物质置于1 L水中充分搅拌后,溶液中阴离子数最多的是A．KCl B．Mg(OH)2 C．Na2CO3 D．MgSO418．在室温下等体积的酸和碱的溶液,混合后pH值一定小于7的是A．pH=3的硝酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钾溶液B．pH=3的盐酸跟pH=11的氨水C．pH=3的硫酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液D．pH=3的醋酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钡溶液P2)下,产物Z的物质的量(n z)与反应时间(t)的关系如图所示．下列判断正确的是A．T1<T2,P1<P2 B．T1<T2,P1>P2C．T1>T2,P1>P2 D．T1>T2,P1<P220．两种气态烃以任意比例混合,在105℃时1 L该混合烃与9 L氧气混合,充分燃烧后恢复到原状态,所得气体体积仍是10 L．下列各组混合烃中不符合此条件的是A．CH4 C2H4 B．CH4 C3H6 C．C2H4 C3H4 D．C2H2 C3H6三、选择题(本题包括6小题,每小题4分,共24分．每小题只有一个项符合题意．)21．为实现中国2000年消除碘缺乏病的目标,卫生部规定食盐必须加碘,其中的碘以碘酸钾(KIO3)形式存在．已知在溶液中IO3-可和I-发生反应:物质进行实验,证明在食盐中存在IO3-．可供选用的物质有:①自来水,②蓝色石蕊试纸,③碘化钾淀粉试纸,④淀粉,⑤食糖,⑥食醋,⑦白酒．进行上述实验时必须使用的物质是A．①③B．③⑥C．②④⑥D．①②④⑤⑦22．密度为0．91 g·cm-3的氨水,质量百分比浓度为25%(即质量分数为0．25),该氨水用等体积的水稀释后,所得溶液的质量百分比浓度A．等于12．5% B．大于12．5% C．小于12．5% D．无法确定23．若室温时pH=a的氨水与pH=b的盐酸等体积混合,恰好完全反应,则该氨水的电离度可表示为A．10(a+b-12)% B．10(a+b-14)% C．10(12-a-b)% D．10(14-a-b)%24．某金属单质跟一定浓度的硝酸反应,假定只产生单一的还原产物．当参加反应的单质与被还原硝酸的物质的量之比为2:1时,还原产物是A．NO2 B．NO C．N2O D．N225．X、Y、Z和R分别代表四种元素．如果aX m+、bY n+、cZ n-、dR m-四种离子的电子层结构相同(a、b、c、d为元素的原子序数),则下列关系正确的是A．a-c=m-n B．a-b=n-m C．c-d=m+n D．b-d=n+m26．一定量的乙醇在氧气不足的情况下燃烧,得到CO、CO2和水的总质量为27．6 g,若其中水的质量为10．8 g,则CO的质量是A．1．4 g B．2．2 g C．4．4 g D．在2．2 g和4．4 g之间第Ⅱ卷四、(本题包括2小题,共14分)27．(4分)进行化学实验必须注意安全,下列说法正确的是(填写标号)_______．A．不慎将酸溅到眼中,应立即用水冲洗,边洗边眨眼睛B．不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上,要立即用大量水冲洗,然后涂上硼酸溶液C．如果苯酚浓溶液沾到皮肤上,应立即用酒精洗D．配制硫酸溶液时,可先在量筒中加入一定体积的水,再在搅拌下慢慢加入浓硫酸28．(10分)1,2 - 二溴乙烷可作汽油抗爆剂的添加剂,常温下它是无色液体,密度2．18 g·cm-3,沸点131．4℃,熔点9．79℃,不溶于水,易溶于醇、醚、丙酮等有机溶剂．在实验室中可以用下图所示装置制备1,2- 二溴乙烷．其中分液漏斗和烧瓶a中装有乙醇和浓硫酸的混合液,试管d中装有液溴(表面覆盖少量水)．填写下列空白:(1)写出本题中制备1,2-二溴乙烷的两个化学反应方程式．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)安全瓶b可以防止倒吸,并可以检查实验进行时试管d是否发生堵塞．请写出发生堵塞时瓶b中的现象．_________________________________．(3)容器c中NaOH溶液的作用是:__________________________________．(4)某学生在做此实验时,使用一定量的液溴,当溴全部褪色时,所消耗乙醇和浓硫酸混合液的量,比正常情况下超过许多．如果装置的气密性没有问题,试分析其可能的原因．___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________五、(本题包括3小题,共17分)29．(5分)(1)向NaHSO4溶液中,逐滴加入Ba(OH)2溶液至中性,请写出发生反应的离子方程式:____________________________________________．(2)在以上中性溶液中,继续滴加Ba(OH)2溶液,请写出此步反应的离子方程式:________________________________________________________．30．(5分)试样X由氧化亚铁和氧化铜组成．取质量相等的两份试样按下图所示进行实验:(1)请写出步骤③中所发生的全部反应的离子方程式．(2)若全部的溶液Y和全部的粉末Z充分反应后,生成的不溶物W的质量是m,则每份试样X中氧化铜的质量为_____________．(用m表示)31．(7分)某无色溶液可能含有下列钠盐中的几种:A．氯化钠B．硫化钠C．亚硫酸钠D．硫代硫酸钠E．硫酸钠F．碳酸钠．向此溶液中加入适量稀硫酸,有浅黄色的沉淀析出,同时有气体产生．此气体有臭鸡蛋气味,可使澄清的石灰水变浑浊,不能使品红试液褪色．根据上述实验现象回答下列问题．(1)不能使品红试液褪色,说明该气体中不含____________(填分子式)．(2)此无色溶液中至少存在哪几种钠盐?请写出全部可能的情况(填写相应的字母)．第一种情况是____________,第二种情况是____________,第三种情况是____________,第四种情况是____________．(可不填满,也可补充)六、(本题包括3小题,共17分)32．(4分)有机化学中取代反应范畴很广．下列6个反应中,属于取代反应范畴的是(填写相应的字母)_______________________．33．(6分)通常情况下,多个羟基连在同一个碳原子上的分子结构是不稳定的,容易自动失水,生成碳氧双键的结构:下面是9个化合物的转变关系(1)化合物①是__________________,它跟氯气发生反应的条件A是__________________．(2)化合物⑤跟⑦可在酸的催化下去水生成化合物⑨,⑨的结构简式是__________________,名称是__________________．(3)化合物⑨是重要的定香剂,香料工业上常用化合物②和⑧直接合成它．此反应的化学方程式是____________________________________________________．34．(7分)A、B都是芳香族化合物,1 mol A水解得到1 mol B和1 mol醋酸．A、B的分子量都不超过200,完全燃烧都只生成CO2和H2O．且B分子中碳和氢元素总的质量百分含量为65．2%(即质量分数为0．652)．A溶液具有酸性,不能使FeCl3溶液显色．(1)A、B分子量之差为_______________．(2)1个B分子中应该有_______________个氧原子．(3)A的分子式是_______________．(4)B可能的三种结构简式是:_______________、_______________、_______________．七、(本题包括2小题,共18分)35．(6分)将8．8 g FeS固体置于200 mL 2．0 mol·L-1的盐酸中,以制备H2S气体．反应完全后,若溶液中H2S的浓度为0．10 mol·L-1,假定溶液体积不变,试计算:(1)收集到的H2S气体的体积(标准状况)．(2)溶液中Fe2+和H+的物质的量浓度(摩尔浓度)．36．(12分)1996年诺贝化学奖授予对发现C60有重大贡献的三位科学家．C60分子是形如球状的多面体(如图),该结构的建立基于以下考虑:①C60分子中每个碳原子只跟相邻的3个碳原子形成化学键;②C60分子只含有五边形和六边形;③多面体的顶点数、面数和棱边数的关系,遵循欧拉定理:据上所述,可推知C60分子有12个五边形和20个六边形,C60分子所含的双键数为30．请回答下列问题:(1)固体C60与金刚石相比较,熔点较高者应是____________,理由是:_________________________________________________________．(2)试估计C60跟F2在一定条件下,能否发生反应生成C60F60(填“可能”或“不可能”)_________________________,并简述其理由：________________________________________________________．(3)通过计算,确定C60分子所含单键数．C60分子所含单键数为_______________．(4)C70分子也已制得,它的分子结构模型可以与C60同样考虑而推知．通过计算确定C70分子中五边形和六边形的数目．C70分子中所含五边形数为____________,六边形数为_________．。

1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B. ocean C. oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B. pioneer C. therefore D. really3. oxygen A. geography B. degree C. recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C. majority D. national5. medicine A. except B. record C. increase D. physics<% if Request.Cookies("member") = "True" then %> B)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study 答案是C.6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. — Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a8. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- ________A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on9. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up10. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked11. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around12. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone13. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm C. certain14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing15. - I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.- ________A. Oh, no. Let's notB. I'd rather stay at homeC. I'm very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble16. - Is this raincoat yours? - No,mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung17. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing18. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a .A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice19. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don't you meet him yetB. Hadn't you met him yetC. Didn't you meet him yetD. Haven't you met him yet20. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is22. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did23. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read storiesby writers from countries.A. some; anyB. other; someC. some; otherD. other; other24. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to25. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. until c. before D. whenⅡ.完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空(共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：have A. gave B。

save C。

hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B。

ocean C。

oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B。

pioneer C. therefore D. really3。

oxygen A. geography B. degree C。

recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C。

majority D. national5. medicine A。

except B. record C。

increase D。

physics<％if Request.Cookies（”member”) = ”True" then %> B)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

例：We last night，but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B。

might study C. should have studied D。

would study 答案是C。

6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants。

A。

however B。

whatever C. whichever D. whenever7。

- Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning。

—Is it black one？I think I saw it somewhere。

A。

a；the B。

历年高考书面表达汇总1991年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题上海出版一份“学生英文报”，对象是我国的学生。

请用英语为该报写一段人物介绍，介绍少年体育明星孙淑伟。

内容要点如下：1. 简况：孙淑伟(Sun Shuwei),男，14岁，广东(Guangdong)人2. 训练项目：跳水(diving)3. 取得成绩：第十一届亚运会冠军，第六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军(亚运会：the Asian Games 冠军：champion 游泳锦标赛：swimming champi on ships) 4. 其他情况：从小就喜欢游泳，8岁进广东省跳水队；在学校里认真学习，在跳水队里认真训练，13岁进入国家队；一年后(1990袴得第十一届亚运会金牌；今年年初获第六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军、I .注息：1. 要有标题。

2. 介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。

3. 介绍的长度为80-120个词。

One possible version:Sun Shuwei—A World Champion in DivingSun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team. A year later in 1990, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asia n Games a nd became a world champi on at the 6th World Swimming Champi on ships early this year.1992年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题下列六幅画描述了你5月31日那天的活动。

1997年高考英语试卷1. 分值: 第I卷（100分）Ⅰ. 听力（20分）A.听小对话，回答问题。

（2分每小题1分）1. When will the speakers go to the movie?2. What is the boy going to learn next term?B. 听长对话，回答问题。

（2分每小题1分）3. What does the woman want to do?4. What does the man think of the movie?C. 听独白，回答问题。

（2分每小题1分）5. What's John's favorite subject?6. Why does John like history?Ⅱ. 词汇与语法（共20分）7. I ______ him since I started working here.8. The place ______ he has been living is beautiful.9. _______ to see you, Mary!10. A lot of foreigners _______ football on the playground now.11. Mary is sitting _______。

12. There are a lot of kinds of tea _______ the supermarket.13. My father asked who _______ our bags.14. The toy is _______ expensive for me to buy.15. In the examination he was in a _______.16. Is there _______ in today's newspaper?17. I _______ Mary's help at present.18. The government _______ to solve the unemployment problem in the country.19. He didn't know _______ with the stone.20. You can't finish the work within a day _______ much time you have.Ⅲ. 完形填空 (共20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷4至11页,共150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题共60分)注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上.2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案.不能答在试题卷上.3.考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一.本题共5小题;每小题3分,共15分.在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是正确的.1.在卢瑟福的a粒子散射实验中,有少数a粒子发生大角度偏转,其原因是(A)原子的正电荷和绝大部分质量集中在一个很小的核上(B)正电荷在原子中是均匀分布的(C)原子中存在着带负电的电子(D)原子只能处于一系列不连续的能量状态中2.质量为m的钢球自高处落下,以速率v1碰地,竖直向上弹回,碰撞时间极短,离地的速率为v2.在碰撞过程中,地面对钢球的冲量的方向和大小为(A)向下,m(v1-v2)(B)向下,m(v1+v2)(C)向上,m(v1-v2)(D)向上,m(v1+v2)3.质量为M的木块位于粗糙水平桌面上,若用大小为F的水平恒力拉木块,其加速度为a.当拉力方向不变,大小变为2F时,木块的加速度为a＇,则(A)a＇=a(B)a＇<2a(C)a＇>2a(D)a＇=2a4.(1)、(2)两电路中,当a、b两端与e、f两端分别加上220伏的交流电压时,测得c、d间与g、h间的电压均为110伏.若分别在c、d两端与g、h两端加上110伏的交流电压,则a、b间与e、f间的电压分别为(A)220伏,220伏(B)220伏,110伏(C)110伏,110伏(D)220伏,05.在双缝干涉实验中,以白光为光源,在屏幕上观察到了彩色干涉条纹,若在双缝中的一缝前放一红色滤光片(只能透过红光),另一缝前放一绿色滤光片(只能透过绿光),这时(A)只有红色和绿色的双缝干涉条纹,其它颜色的双缝干涉条纹消失(B)红色和绿色的双缝干涉条纹消失,其它颜色的双缝干涉条纹依然存在(C)任何颜色的双缝干涉条纹都不存在,但屏上仍有光亮(D)屏上无任何光亮二.本题共9小题;每小题5分,共45分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得5分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.6.在下列核反应方程中,x代表质子的方程是7.光线在玻璃和空气的分界面上发生全反射的条件是(A)光从玻璃射到分界面上,入射角足够小(B)光从玻璃射到分界面上,入射角足够大(C)光从空气射到分界面上,入射角足够小(D)光从空气射到分界面上,入射角足够大8.在下列叙述中,正确的是(A)物体的温度越高,分子热运动越剧烈,分子平均动能越大(B)布朗运动就是液体分子的热运动(C)对一定质量的气体加热,其内能一定增加(D)分子间的距离r存在某一值r0,当r<r0时,斥力大于引力,当r>r0时,斥力小于引力9.图中重物的质量为m,轻细线AO和BO的A、B端是固定的.平衡时AO是水平的,BO与水平面的夹角为θ.AO的拉力F1和BO的拉力F2的大小是10.为了增大LC振荡电路的固有频率,下列办法中可采取的是(A)增大电容器两极板的正对面积并在线圈中放入铁芯(B)减小电容器两极板的距离并增加线圈的匝数(C)减小电容器两极板的距离并在线圈中放入铁芯(D)减小电容器两极板的正对面积并减少线圈的匝数11.简谐横波某时刻的波形图线如图所示.由此图可知(A)若质点a向下运动,则波是从左向右传播的(B)若质点b向上运动,则波是从左向右传播的(C)若波从右向左传播,则质点c向下运动(D)若波从右向左传播,则质点d向上运动12.如图所示的电路中,电源的电动势恒定,要想使灯泡变暗,可以(A)增大R1(B)减小R1(C)增大R2(D)减小R213.如图所示的电路中,A1和A2是完全相同的灯泡,线圈L的电阻可以忽略.下列说法中正确的是(A)合上开关K接通电路时,A2先亮,A1后亮,最后一样亮(B)合上开关K接通电路时,A1和A2始终一样亮(C)断开开关K切断电路时,A2立刻熄灭,A1过一会儿才熄灭(D)断开开关K切断电路时,A1和A2都要过一会儿才熄灭14.在图示电路的三根导线中,有一根是断的,电源、电阻器R1、R2及另外两根导线都是好的.为了查出断导线,某学生想先将万用表的红表笔连接在电源的正极a,再将黑表笔分别连接在电阻器R1的b端和R2的c端,并观察万用表指针的示数.在下列选挡中,符合操作规程的是(A)直流10V挡(B)直流0.5A挡(C)直流2.5V挡(D)欧姆挡第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共90分)注意事项:1.第Ⅱ卷共8页,用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试题卷中(除题目有特殊规定外).2.答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚.三.本题共3小题;其中第15题5分,其余的每题6分,共17分.把答案填在题中的横线上或按题目要求作图.15.一游标卡尺的主尺最小分度为1毫米,游标上有10个小等分间隔,现用此卡尺来测量工件的直径,如图所示.该工件的直径为_____________毫米.16.下列给出的器材中,哪些是"验证玻一马定律实验"所必需的,把这些器材前面的字母填在横线上.A.带有刻度的注射器B.刻度尺C.弹簧秤D.钩码若干个答:_____________.实验读数过程中,不能用手握住注射器,这是为了________________.用橡皮帽封住注射器小孔,这是为了___________________________. 17.某电压表的内阻在20千欧～50千欧之间,现要测量其内阻,实验室提供下列可选用的器材:待测电压表V(量程3V)电流表A1(量程200μA )电流表A2(量程5mA)电流表A3(量程0.6A)滑动变阻器R(最大阻值1KΩ)电源ε(电动势4V)电键K.(1)所提供的电流表中,应选用_______________________(填写字母代号).(2)为了尽量减小误差,要求测多组数据.试在方框中画出符合要求的实验电路图(其中电源和电键及其连线已画出).四.本题共4小题;每小题5分,共20分.把答案填在题中横线上.18.如图,在x轴的上方(y≥0)存在着垂直于纸面向外的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B.在原点O有一个离子源向x轴上方的各个方向发射出质量为m、电量为q的正离子,速率都为v.对那些在xy平面内运动的离子,在磁场中可能到达的最大x=________________,最大y=________________.19.质量为m、电量为q的质点,在静电力作用下以恒定速率v沿圆弧从A点运动到B点,其速度方向改变的角度为θ(弧度),AB弧长为s.则A,B两点间的电势差U A-U B=________________,AB弧中点的场强大小E=________________. 20.已知地球半径约为6.4×106米,又知月球绕地球的运动可近似看作匀速圆周运动,则可估算出月球到地心的距离约为________________米.(结果只保留一位有效数字)21.一内壁光滑的环形细圆管,位于竖直平面内,环的半径为R(比细管的半径大得多).在圆管中有两个直径与细管内径相同的小球(可视为质点).A球的质量为m1,B球的质量为m2.它们沿环形圆管顺时针运动,经过最低点时的速度都为v0.设A球运动到最低点时,B球恰好运动到最高点,若要此时两球作用于圆管的合力为零,那么m1,m2,R与v0应满足的关系式是_________________________.五.本题共5小题,53分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤.只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.22.(9分)有一个焦距为36厘米的凸透镜,在主轴上垂直放置一支蜡烛,得到一个放大率为4的虚像.如果想得到放大率为4的实像,蜡烛应向哪个方向移动?移动多少?23.(9分)图中竖直圆筒是固定不动的,粗筒横截面积是细筒的4倍,细筒足够长.粗筒中A、B两轻质活塞间封有空气,气柱长l=20厘米.活塞A上方的水银深H=10厘米,两活塞与筒壁间的摩擦不计.用外力向上托住活塞B,使之处于平衡状态,水银面与粗筒上端相平.现使活塞B缓慢上移,直至水银的一半被推入细筒中,求活塞B上移的距离.设在整个过程中气柱的温度不变,大气压强p0相当于75厘米高的水银柱产生的压强.24.(11分)在方向水平的匀强电场中,一不可伸长的不导电细线的一端连着一个质量为m的带电小球,另一端固定于O点.把小球拉起直至细线与场强平行,然后无初速释放.已知小球摆到最低点的另一侧,线与竖直方向的最大夹角为θ(如图).求小球经过最低点时细线对小球的拉力.25.(12分)质量为m的钢板与直立轻弹簧的上端连接,弹簧下端固定在地上.平衡时,弹簧的压缩量为x0,如图所示.一物块从钢板正上方距离为3x0的A处自由落下,打在钢板上并立刻与钢板一起向下运动,但不粘连.它们到达最低点后又向上运动.已知物块质量也为m时,它们恰能回到O点.若物块质量为2m,仍从A处自由落下,则物块与钢板回到O点时,还具有向上的速度.求物块向上运动到达的最高点与O点的距离.26.(12分)如图1所示,真空室中电极K发出的电子(初速不计)经过U0=1000伏的加速电场后,由小孔S沿两水平金属板A、B间的中心线射入.A、B板长l=0.20米,相距d=0.020米,加在A、B两板间的电压u随时间t变化的u-t图线如图2所示.设A、B间的电场可看作是均匀的,且两板外无电场.在每个电子通过电场区域的极短时间内,电场可视作恒定的.两板右侧放一记录圆筒,筒在左侧边缘与极板右端距离b=0.15米,筒绕其竖直轴匀速转动,周期T=0.20秒,筒的周长s=0.20米,筒能接收到通过A、B板的全部电子.(1)以t=0时(见图2,此时u=0)电子打到圆筒记录纸上的点作为xy坐标系的原点,并取y轴竖直向上.试计算电子打到记录纸上的最高点的y坐标和x坐标.(不计重力作用)(2)在给出的坐标纸(图3)上定量地画出电子打到记录纸上的点形成的图线.图1图2图31997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试题答案及评分标准说明:(1)定出评分标准是为了使全国各地尽可能在统一标准下评定成绩.试题的参考解答是用来说明评分标准的.考生如按其它方法或步骤解答,正确的,同样给分;有错的,根据错误的性质,参照评分标准中相应的规定评分.(2)第一、二、三、四题只要求写出答案,不要求说明理由或列出算式,只根据答案评分.(3)第五大题,只有最后后答案而无演算过程的,不给分;只写出一般公式但未能与试题所给的具体条件联系的,不给分.一.答案及评分标准:全题15分,每小题3分.答错的或不答的,都给0分.1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C二.答案及评分标准:全题45分,每小题5分.每小题全选对的给5分,选不全的给2分,有选错的给0分,不答的给0分.6.B、C7.B8.A、D9.B、D10.D11.B、D12.A、D13.A、D14.A三.答案及评分标准:全题17分,其中15题5分,其余的每题6分.答案正确的,按下列答案后面括号内的分数给分;答错的,不答的,都给0分.15.29.80(5分,答29.8的同样给5分)16.A,B,C,D(2分.选不全的给0分)保持气体的温度恒定(2分)保持气体的质量不变(2分)17.A1(2分),如右图(4分,线路有错就不给这4分)四.答案及评分标准:全题20分,每小题5分,答案正确的,按下列答案后面括号内的分数给分;答错的,不答的,都给0分.20.4×108(5分.只要数量级对,就给5分)五.参考解答及评分标准:22.解:先求蜡烛的原位置由放大率公式得v1= 4u1①由透镜成像公式②解得再求蜡烛移动后的位置,由放大率公式得v2=4u2③由透镜成像公式④解得所以蜡烛应向远离透镜的方向移动,移动的距离为评分标准:本题9分.①式2分,②式1分,③式2分,④式1分,⑤式2分.物体移动方向正确的给1分.23.解:在以下的计算中,都以1厘米汞柱产生的压强作为压强的单位.设气体初态的压强为p1,则有p1=p0+H①设S为粗圆筒的横截面积,气体初态的体积V1=S l.设气体末态的压强为P2,有②设末态气柱的长度为l＇,气体体积为V2=S l＇由玻意耳定律得P1V1=P2V2③活塞B上移的距离d为④代入数据解得d=8厘米⑤评分标准:本题9分.①式1分,②式2分,③式1分,④式3分,⑤式2分.24.解:设细线长为l,球的电量为q,场强为E.若电量q为正,则场强方向在题图中向右,反之向左.从释放点到左侧最高点,重力势能的减少等于电势能的增加, mg l cosθ=qE l(1+sinθ)①若小球运动到最低点时的速度为v,此时线的拉力为T,由能量关系得②由牛顿第二定律得③由以上各式解得④评分标准:本题11分.①、②式各3分,③式2分,④式3分.25.解:物块与钢板碰撞时的速度①设v1表示质量为m的物块与钢板碰撞后一起开始向下运动的速度,因碰撞时间极短,动量守恒,mv0=2mv1②刚碰完时弹簧的弹性势能为E P.当它们一起回到O点时,弹簧无形变,弹性势能为零,根据题给条件,这时物块与钢板的速度为零,由机械能守恒,③设v2表示质量为2m的物块与钢板碰撞后开始一起向下运动的速度,则有2mv0=3mv2④仍继续向上运动,设此时速度为v,则有⑤在以上两种情况中,弹簧的初始压缩量都是x0,故有⑥当质量为2m的物块与钢板一起回到O点时,弹簧的弹力为零,物块与钢板只受到重力作用,加速度为g.一过O点,钢板受到弹簧向下的拉力作用,加速度大于g.由于物块与钢板不粘连,物块不可能受到钢板的拉力,其加速度仍为g.故在O 点物块与钢板分离,分离后,物块以速度v竖直上升,则由以上各式解得,物块向上运动所到最高点与O点的距离为⑦评分标准:本题12分.①、②、③、④式各1分,⑤式2分,⑥式3分,得出⑦式再给3分.26.解:(1)计算电子打到记录纸上的最高点的坐标设v0为电子沿A、B板的中心线射入电场时的初速度,则①电子在中心线方向的运动为匀速运动,设电子穿过A、B板的时间为t0,则l=v0t0②图(1)电子在垂直A、B板方向的运动为匀加速直线运动.对于恰能穿过A、B板的电子,在它通过时加在两板间的电压u c应满足③联立①、②、③式解得此电子从A 、B 板射出时沿y 方向的分速度为④此后,此电子作匀速直线运动,它打在记录纸上的点最高,设纵坐标为y,由图(1)可得⑤由以上各式解得⑥从题给的u t 图线可知,加于两板电压u 的周期T 0=0.10秒,u 的最大值u m =100伏,因为u C <u m ,在一个周期T 0内,只有开始的一段时间间隔△t 内有电子通过A 、B 板⑦因为电子打在记录纸上的最高点不止一个,根据题中关于坐标原点与起始记录时刻的规定,第一个最高点的x 坐标为⑧第二个最高点的x 坐标为⑨第三个最高点的x 坐标为由于记录筒的周长为20厘米,所以第三个最高点已与第一个最高点重合,即电子打到记录纸上的最高点只有两个,它们的x 坐标分别由⑧和⑨表示(2)电子打到记录纸上所形成的图线,如图(2)所示.评分标准:本题12分.第(1)问10分,①、②、③、④、⑤、⑥式各1分,⑦式2分,⑧、⑨式各1分. 第(2)问2分,有任何错误都不给这2分.。

1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试8A.它是不依赖中枢神经系统而独立活动的神经系统。

B.它的物质构成中含有神经细胞及对其起显著作用的物质。

C.它具有同颅脑一样的能够控制肠胃运转的独立功能。

D.它起源于管形动物的脑神经系统并从中分化出来。

21.根据文意，对“肠脑中几乎能够找到颅脑赖以运转和控制的所有物质”一句，理解正确的一项是（3分）A.颅脑赖以运转和控制的绝大部分物质存在于肠脑之中。

B.颅脑依赖肠脑中的绝大部分物质进行运转和控制活动。

C.肠脑中具有与颅脑赖以运转和控制所需相同的绝大部分物质。

D.肠脑中所有的物质与颅脑赖以运转和控制的物质几乎相同。

22.下列解说，符合原文意思的一项是（2分）A.应激激素作用于肠脑引起肠神经系统化学物质的改变。

B.情绪的变化是肠脑和颅脑发生联系的重要渠道。

C.进食和消化的需要是肠神经系统形成的基础条件。

D.重要的肠神经系统因不能进入头颅而成为独立系统。

A.美国某些科学家否定了每人只有颅脑的观点。

B.美国某些科学家对肠神经的位置和功能提出了新的见解。

C.美国某些科学家对肠胃疾病的产生补充了新的见解。

D.美国某些科学家对人类某些器官的发生过程提出新观点。

第Ⅱ卷（共90分钟）注意事项：1.第Ⅱ卷共6页，用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试题卷上。

2.答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

四、（20分）阅读下面的文字，完成24-28《中国新文学大系·散文二集》导言（节选）郁达夫（1935年4月）在四千余年古国的中国，散文的内容自然早已发达到了五花八门，无以复加。

我们只须一翻开桐城派正宗的《古文辞类纂》[注]来看，曰论辨，曰序跋，曰奏议……一直到辞赋哀祭之类，它的内容①真富丽错综，活像一部二十四史零售的百货商店。

这一部《古文辞类纂》的所以风行二百余年，到现在还有人在那里感激涕零的理由，一半虽在它的材料的丰富，但一半也在它的分门别类，能以一个类名来决定内容②。

但言为心声，人心不同又各如其面，想以外形的类似而来断定内容的全同，是等于医生以穿在外面的衣服而来推论人体的组织；我们不必引用近代修辞学的分类来与它对比，就有点觉得靠不住了。

1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B. ocean C. oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B. pioneer C. therefore D. really3. oxygen A. geography B. degree C. recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C. majority D. national5. medicine A. except B. record C. increase D. physics<% if Request.Cookies("member") = "True" then %> B)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study 答案是C.6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. — Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a8. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- ________A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on9. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up10. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked11. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around12. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone13. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm C. certain14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing15. - I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.- ________A. Oh, no. Let's notB. I'd rather stay at homeC. I'm very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble16. - Is this raincoat yours? - No,mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung17. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing18. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a .A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice19. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don't you meet him yetB. Hadn't you met him yetC. Didn't you meet him yetD. Haven't you met him yet20. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is22. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did23. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read storiesby writers from countries.A. some; anyB. other; someC. some; otherD. other; other24. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to25. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. until c. before D. whenⅡ.完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

历年考研英语真题完形填空及新题型部分1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people __41__ into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. __42__ industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive __43__ reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.__44__ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This __45__ work force is the most important __46__ in American business today, and it is __47__ changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive __48__ avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens __49__ by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of __50__ that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate（A）[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As（C）[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in[C] on（D）[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only（A）[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available（B）[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion（D）[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally（C）[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and（B）[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated（A）[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm（D）[D] importance1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestUntil recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They __41__ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the __42__ man. But they insisted that its __43__ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the __44__ of the English population. __45__ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a __46__ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, __47__, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists __48__ history and economics, have __49__ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was __50__ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted[B] believed[C] claimed（A）[D] predicted42. [A] plain[B] average[C] mean（B）[D] normal43. [A] momentary[B] prompt[C] instant（D）[D] immediate44. [A] bulk[B] host[C] gross（A）[D] magnitude45. [A] On[B] With[C] For（D）[D] By46. [A] broadly[B] thoroughly[C] generally（D）[D] completely47. [A] however[B] meanwhile[C] therefore（A）[D] moreover48. [A] at[B] in[C] about（B）[D] for49. [A] manifested[B] approved[C] shown（C）[D] speculated50. [A] noted[B] impressed[C] labeled（D）[D] marked1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II: Cloze TestIndustrial safety does not just happen. Companies __41__ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them __42__ and active. When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may __45__ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by __46__ rules or regulations. __47__ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety __48__. The fewer the injury __49__, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at __50__ or at a loss.41. [A] at[B] in[C] on（D）[D] with42. [A] alive[B] vivid[C] mobile（A）[D] diverse43. [A] regulation[B] climate[C] circumstance（B）[D] requirement44. [A] where[B] how[C] what（A）[D] unless45. [A] alter[B] differ[C] shift（B）[D] distinguish46. [A] constituting[B] aggravating[C] observing（C）[D] justifying47. [A] Some[B] Many[C] Even（D）[D] Still48. [A] comes off[B] turns up[C] pays off（C）[D] holds up49. [A] claims[B] reports[C] declarations（A）[D] proclamations 50. [A] an advantage[B] a benefit[C] an interest（D）[D] a profit2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestIf a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of（C）[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before（A）[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] supplement（B）[D] dispose44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement（A）[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed（C）[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths（D）[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied（B）[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer（D）[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate（C）[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably（D）[D] frequently2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __31__ the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case __36__ a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control.__39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __48__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular（D）[D] such as32. [A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing（A）[D] fastening33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary（D）[D] draft34. [A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable（B）[D] improper35. [A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity（A）[D] peculiarity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before（C）[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared[C] complied（D）[D] agreed38. [A] present[B] offer[C] manifest（B）[D] indicate39. [A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing（B）[D] Exposure40. [A] storm[B] rage[C] flare（A）[D] flash41. [A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition（B）[D] demonstration42. [A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than（C）[D] sooner than43. [A] changes[B] makes[C] sets（B）[D] turns44. [A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining（A）[D] sustaining45. [A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled（C）[D] qualified46. [A] with[B] to[C] from（A）[D] by47. [A] impact[B] incident[C] inference（D）[D] issue48. [A] stated[B] remarked[C] said（C）[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which（D）[D] that50. [A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure（C）[D] guarantee2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishComparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__.As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the __24__ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution __25__ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading __26__ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures __27__ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in __28__. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, __29__, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, __30__ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, __31__ its impact on the media was not immediately __32__. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as __33__, with display becoming sharper and storage __34__ increasing. They were thought of, like people, __35__ generations, with the distance between generations much __36__.It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the __37__ within which we now live. The communications revolution has __38__ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been __39__ view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed __40__ “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21. [A] between[B] before[C] since（A）[D] later22. [A] after[B] by[C] during（D）[D] until23. [A] means[B] method[C] medium（C）[D] measure24. [A] process[B] company[C] light（B）[D] form25. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked（B）[D] picked26. [A] on[B] out[C] over（A）[D] off27. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond（D）[D] into28. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect（D）[D] perspective29. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however（C）[D] therefore30. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated（B）[D] characterized31. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest（D）[D] although32. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative（A）[D] plausible33. [A] institutional[B] universal[C] fundamental（A）[D] instrumental34. [A] ability[B] capability[C] capacity（C）[D] faculty35. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] with regard to（B）[D] in line with36. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer（D）[D] smaller37. [A] context[B] range[C] scope（A）[D] territory38. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C] influenced（C）[D] effected39. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting（B）[D] irrational40. [A] above[B] upon[C] against（C）[D] with2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious __21__ to how they can be best __22__ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and __23__, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. __24__ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the __25__ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are __26__ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be __27__ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, __28__, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, __29__ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide __30__ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful __31__ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the __32__ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult __33__ visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have __34__ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized __35__ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to __36__ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants __37__. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. __38__ they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by __39__ for roles that are within their __40__ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion（A）[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate（B）[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise（C）[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas（D）[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence（C）[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored（B）[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair（D）[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example（C）[D] in a sense 29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating（A）[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus（D）[D] multiple31.[A] groups[B] individual[C] personnel（A）[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission（D）[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely（B）[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different（D）[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that（C）[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing（D）[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out（B）[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole（A）[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning（C）[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency（A）[D] efficiency2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering（C）[D] cementing22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until（D）[D] because23.[A] interactions[B] assimilation[C] cooperation（A）[D] consultation24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference（D）[D] response25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but（A）[D] or else26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting（B）[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for（C）[D] with28.[A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive（D）[D] subject29.[A] affect[B] reduce[C] chock（A）[D] reflect30.[A] point[B] lead[C] come（B）[D] amount31.[A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast（A）[D] at length32.[A] case[B] short[C] turn（C）[D] essence33.[A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken（D）[D] experienced34.[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly（B）[D] simultaneously35.[A] than[B] that[C] which（A）[D] as36.[A] system[B] structure[C] concept（B）[D] heritage37.[A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible（B）[D] incredible38.[A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation（D）[D] availability39.[A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure（A）[D] popularity40.[A] provided[B] since[C] although（C）[D] supposing2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishThe human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenlybecome sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although[B] as[C] but（C）[D] while2.[A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding（B）[D] besides3.[A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated（A）[D] confined4.[A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing（C）[D] tracking5.[A] anyway[B] though[C] instead（B）[D] therefore6.[A] even if[B] if only[C] only if（A）[D] as if7.[A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining（D）[D] detecting8.[A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] determining（A）[D] diffused9.[A] when[B] since[C] for（D）[D] whereas10.[A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique（B）[D] typical11.[A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages（C）[D] impulses12.[A] at first[B] at all[C] at large（A）[D] at times13.[A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn（D）[D] exposed14.[A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient（C）[D] insufficient15.[A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger（D）[D] create16.[A] still[B] also[C] otherwise（B）[D] nevertheless17.[A] sure[B] sick[C] aware（C）[D] tired18.[A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect（D）[D] notice19.[A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable（A）[D] suitable20.[A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with（B）[D] aside fromPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ____[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.____ What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ____[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.____But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ____[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.____A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ____[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.____Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ____[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”____So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore（A）[D] Furthermore2.[A] stand[B] cope[C] approve（B）[D] retain3.[A] in[B] for[C] with（D）[D] toward4.[A] raise[B] add[C] take（A）[D] keep5.[A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly（D）[D] not6.[A] cover[B] change[C] range（C）[D] differ7.[A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided（B）[D] Except that。

1997年全国高考听力试题（广东试点卷）第一段对话，回答第1题1.The dialogue took place______.A. in a hotelB. in a storeC. in a restaurant D . in the street第二段对话，回答第2—5题2.What is the topic of the dialogue?A. The weatherB. Life in the countryC.A weekendD. Traveling with friends3.Where did Alice spend the nights in the country?A. In a farmer’s house.B. In the open.C. At a friend’s home.D. At a hotel.4.What was the weather like in the country?A. It was fine.B. It was OK, but rained once.C. It was terrible.D. It rained every day except for one day.5.How long did it take Alice to come back from the country?A. Half an hour.B. Four hours.C .Nine hours. D. Twelve hours.第三段对话，回答第6—9题6.Where are the two speakers?A. In the woman speaker’s office.B. In the woman speaker’s house.C .In a classroom.D. In a hospital.7.The man came into the room because he ____.A. worked there himselfB. wanted to talk to KateC. had to see the woman doctorD. wanted Jane to type a letter for him8.What was Jane doing on the day when the dialogue took place?A. She was taking a rest.B. She was taking an exam.C .She was preparing for an exam.D She was studying in night school.9.What will Kate do next year?A. Go to Japan.B. Change her job.C. Go to night school.D. Buy an expensive car.第四段对话，回答第10—13题10.Why did the woman want to talk to the man?A. She was interested in foreigners.B. She planned to write about the evening school.C. She wanted to be able to teach English better.D. She tried to help newcomers to her country.11.When did the conversation(对话)take place?A. In the morning.B. At noon.C. In the afternoon.D. In the evening.12.Talking about his English the man thought that he was poor in ______.A. speakingB. writingC. grammarD. reading13.After the conversation(对话)the man was going to _____.A. see his uncleB. have classesC. work in the shopD. meet his brother第五段讲话，回答第14—18题14.When did the speaker get up every day in the past?A. At 5:00.B. At 5:30.C. At 6:00.D. At 6:30.15.Early every morning the speaker had to _______.A. clean the bathroomB. feed the chickensC. help his sister get dressedD. carry water for the family16.The speaker and his sister did not go to school by bus because ________.A. their parents thought walking was good for themB. there was no bus running in that directionC. the school was quite nearD. their family was poor17.On Sundays the speaker used to ____.A. play in the streetB. stay at home all dayC. go to church three timesD. go shopping with his parents18.We can infer from the speech that the speaker ____.A .is a teacherB. lives on a farmC. wishes he were young againD. thinks children were happier in the past第六段讲话，回答第19—20题19.What happened the day before?A. Some thieves stole paintings from a museum.B. Some stolen paintings were sold at a very high price.C. The stolen paintings were returned at six in the morning.D. The police found the stolen paintings with the help of the guard.20.How much were the paintings worth?A. About a million pounds.B. More than a million pounds.C. About twenty-five thousand pounds.D. More than two hundred and fifty thousand pounds.录音材料第一段对话，回答第1题M: Hello, this is room 205. What time is dinner, please?W: The main restaurant opens at 7 in the evening and closes at 10.Our coffee shop is open 24 hours a day. M: And what time is it now, please?W: It’s 6 p.m.M: Thank you.第二段对话，回答第2—5题M: Morning Alice. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country?W: Yes, thanks. We had a great time. And some friends went with us.M: Where did you stay? In a hotel?W: No. We camped in the mountains, near Snowdon. We cooked all our meals on an open fire and a te outside.M: Sounds wonderful. Was the weather good?W: The sun shone nearly every day and it didn’t rain once.M: Did you like the people there?W: Yes, they were great. We met some farmers and had tea in their houses.M: When did you get back? Last night?W: No. You might think we were mad. We came back this morning. I got up at 4:30,left at 5 and arrived here at 9.I"m so tired. What about you? Did you have a good weekend?M: Yes, but I didn’t do much. I just stayed in. The weather was terrible.第三段对话，回答第6—9题(A knock at the door)W: Come in, please.M: Hello, Kate. Where is Jane? I want her to type this letter for me.W: I am afraid she can’t. She isn’t working today.M: Oh, why? Is she ill?W: No. She is studying for an exam.M: An exam. Is she going to school?W: Yes, she is. She is learning Japanese in night school.M: I see. Are you going to night school, too?W: No, I’m not, not this year. But I’m thinking about taking a course next year.M: That’s a good idea. Is it expensive?W: No, not very. Anyway, it’s worth the money.第四段对话，回答第10—13题W: Excuse me. I’m a student of this school during the day. I’m writing a report for the school newspaper.It’s about the evening school. Can I ask you a few questions?M: OK. There are about ten minutes before my classes begin.W: Thanks. Well, where are you from? And when did you come to this country?M: I’m from Russia. I came here with my wife and children last year.W: Did you know any English before you arrived in Washington?M: Yes, I did. I learned English in the middle school.W: How are you getting along with your English now?M: My reading, writing, and grammar are OK, but I have some problems talking to Americans. It seems that they don’t like to talk to people like me.W: I’m sorry. I know some Americans don’t try to understand foreigners. That’s too bad. Er...Well, do you have a job?M: Yes, I do. I work in a shop.W: Where do you live?M: We still stay with my uncle in Bell Street. He has a big house. And my brother is coming to join us soon.W: You mean he’s coming here from R ussia.M: That’s right.W: I see. Well, I have finished my questions. Thank you very much for your help.M: You are welcome.第五段讲话，回答第14—18题Now, you want to know about life in the past. Right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things w ere different.I ha d to getup at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but i n winter it was cold. And we didn’t have any hot water in the house. We had to wash in cold water . We didn’t have a bathroom. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed them every morning and t hen I had to walk to school with my little sister. It was two miles to school and two miles backin the evening. But it always seemed longer in the morning when we were going to school. There was a bus, but we didn’t have the money. And we had to go to bed at seven o’clock every night. We couldn’t watch TV because there wasn’t any. On Sundays we had to go to church three times—morning, afternoon and evening. And we couldn’t play outside on Sundays. But it was not all bad. We had some good times. W e could go out and our parents didn’t have to worry about t us. There weren’t so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in. And t here were not many robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren’t able t o buy a ll those things in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don’t think I like to be young today.第六段讲话，回答第19—20题Last night thieves broke into the City Museum and stole paintings worth over a quarter of a million pounds. The break-in happened around twelve o’clock at night but was not discovered until six in the morning. At presentit is not known how the thieves got into the building though a guard of the museum is helping the police with their questions.Key answers: 1---5ACBAB 6---10ADCCB 11---15DABCB 16---20DCDAD。

绝密★启用前1997 年成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试非师范类公共课英语试题Part Ⅰ . Phonetics (10 points)Directions In each of following groups of words, there are four underlined letter combinationsmarked A, B, C and D . Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is differentfrom the others in pronunciation . Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet .1 . A .dark B .sta r C .war D .car2 . A .reach B .s peaker C .cheat D .bread3 . A .cake B .camel C .campus D .cancer4 . A .speech B .rich C .chemist ry D .teach5 . A .wing B .blind C .drive D .decide6 . A .pays B .plays C .says D .stays7 . A .why B .wher e C .when D .who8 . A .them B .thank C .thin D .th ree9 . A .new B .few C .flew D .knew10 .A .up B .use C .bus D .butPart Ⅱ . Vocabulary and Structure (55 points)Directions There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section . For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D .Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blackenthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .11 . I haven t seen the film, I know ve ry little about it .A .AfterB .AsC .AlthoughD .Before12 . You saw Jane at the evening par ty , ?A .we re youB .was sheC .didn t youD .did she13 . The numbe r of the people applying for the job increasing .A .ar eB .isC .is beingD .are being14 . Babies ar e from diseases by their mothe r s milk .A .avoidedB .keptC .protectedD .pr evented15 . Mothe r told Mary late for school .A .not toB .did not beC .not beD .not to be· 157 ·16 . He r father two yea rs ago .A .had diedB .was deadC .diedD .was died17 . The t eacher spent almost the whole afternoon thestudents homework .A .to go overB .go overC .going overD .went over18 . The students laughed the silly answer s they had put on their t ests .A .atB .fromC .toD .over19 . I know nothing about in the army .A .she workingB .for her to workC .he r having workedD .her having been worked20 . quick , or you ll be late .A .BeB .To beC .You mustD .You s hould21 . They usually have less money at the end of the month than at the beginning.A .which isB .which wasC .they haveD .it is22 . The picture r eminds me the time we spent together in New York .A .ofB .inC .forD .to23 . We are looking forwa rd to a t rip to your count ry .A .takeB .takingC .be takingD .having taken24 . May I stay with you going back to my par ents home tonight ?A .because ofB .so as toC .in spit e ofD .in st ead of25 . It will not be long before we again .A .shall meetB .would meetC .meetD .will be met26 . He spoke so quickly tha t I didn t what he said .A .ca tchB .mis sC .listenD .r eceive27 . I r emember to help us when we got into t rouble .A .once offe ringB .him once offeringC .him to offerD .to offer him28 . We can obtain k nowledge f rom other sources books .A .besideB .besidesC .apa rtD .in addition29 . is known to the world , Mark Twain is a gr eat American writer .A .T hatB .WhichC .AsD .It30 . Althought John was the eldest in the family , he always let his siste rcha rge of the house .A .useB .holdC .makeD .take31 . Her Englis h is very good . She can s peak English bette r than in her grade .A .any oneB .the oneC .any one elseD .othe r student32 . The enemy t roops heavy losses in the bat tle .A .sufferedB .r eceivedC .acceptedD .met· 158 ·33 . I go to bed until twelve o clock tonight .A .shallB .willC .don tD .won t34 . it is ve ry late now, these managers ar e still wor king in their office .A .AsB .WhenC .IfD .Although35 . It John and Kate who helped me the othe r day .A .isB .wasC .areD .wer e36 . They ar rived home ve ry wet , as they had walked all the way the r ain .A .inB .belowC .underD .into37 . He is clever young man he can speak about ten foreign languages .A .such . . . soB .so . . . thatC .such a . . . thatD .so a . . . for38 . If you want to telephone him, you ll have to up the numbe r in the book .A .lookB .seeC .findD .search39 . I m af raid nothing I can do about it .A .it isB .isC .that isD .the re is40 . When John in London he went to see the London Bridge .A .cameB .r eachedC .ar rivedD .got41 . The house is da rk; the Browns to bed .A .may goB .should goC .should have goneD .must have gone42 . I don t know where going .A .is s heB .s he isC .she willD .will she43 . I think tha t was the reason the football team lost the game .A .wha tB .howC .whichD .why44 . My sister is used to with all the windows open .A .sleepB .sleepingC .the sleepingD .have slept45 . There left for us to eat .A .isn t anythingB .isn t somethingC .is anythingD .a ren t anything46 . In spite of the noise , he went on working nothing were happening .A .becauseB .as ifC .althoughD .wher e47 . Not until the game had begun at the spor ts ground .A .he ar rivedB .he didn t ar riveC .did he ar riveD .would he a r rive48 . Elect ricity is great use in indust ry and everyday life .A .forB .ofC .inD .with49 . Most Chinese like to drink tea . But some prefer coffee tea .A .toB .forC .withD .against· 159 ·50 . You had bet ter the teache r about this .A .askB .to askC .as kedD .as kingSection B Mistake SpottingDirections Each of the following sentences ahd four parts underlined and A, B, C and D . Identifythe one that needs correction and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet .51 .Last night I saw a wonderful film, that is about a British woman in the Second World War .A B C D52 .Never before he has seen such beautiful clothes designed by such a young lady .A B C D53 .The pupils wer e made r epeating the teacher s word s many times until they couldA B Csay them fluently .D54 .The problem now is not why I should study English , but how to get the best r esultsA B Cin the short possible time .D55 .Anybody who k nows anything can see that this elephant like a snake .A B C D56 .The nurse added some s ugars to the medicine to make it easy for the child to take .A B C D57 .I can t remembe r whether this was happened last year or the year before .A B C D58 .The child avoided to be punis hed by running away quickly .A B C D59 .Please come the downstairs for br eakfast afte r you have finished washing .A B C D60 .The star s we see at night ar e really h uge sun s like our sun , but they ar e more far awayA B C Din s pace .61 .If I had known all this before , I would not speak to him that way .A B C D62 .It was the United States that they came to know each other and got mar ried .A B C D63 .I don t mind work too ha rd all the week , but I refuse to work on Su ndays .A B C D64 .He asked me if the room was big enough for us three to live .· 160 ·A B C D65 .The sitting room would be much improved if you put a furniture in tha t corner .A B C DPart Ⅲ . Cloze Test ( 20 points)Directions For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices given below andmarked A, B, C and D .Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackeningthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time . Hob byists build66 ships , watch birds , climb mountains and r aise flowers . Hobbyists also 67 picturesand per form on musical 68 .T hey collect everything from stamps to coins . People take up hobbies becau se these activities69 enjoyment , f riends hip , knowledge and r elaxtion . Hobbies 70 people relaxafter periods of hard work , and also of fe r interesting activities for persons who ar e 71old to work . Anyone , rich or poor , old or young , sick or 72 , can follow a satisfyinghobby .Doctor have found that hobbies ar e valuable in improvingpatients health . Hobbies givethem something to do, and provide inter ests that keep them 73 thinking about themselves. Many hospitals 74 patients by having them take up inter esting hobbies .A famous Canadian doctor expres sed the value of hobbies by saying ,“ 75 man is reallyhappy without a hobby ."66 . A .model B .sample C .example D .false67 . A .make B .create C .dr aw D .design68 . A .tools B .meters C .devices D .inst ruments69 . A .contain B .offe r C .supply D .s how70 . A .bring B .cause C .help D .force71 . A .very B .quite C .rathe r D .too72 . A .well B .good C .health D .happy73 . A .to B .from C .of D .against74 . A .see B .cure C .afford D .tr eat75 . A .Not B .Without C .No D .NonePart Ⅳ . Reading Comprehension (45 points)Directions There are three reading passage in this part . Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D . Choose onebest answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet . Passage OneAlmost eve ryone k nows the meaning of Mr ., Mr s . and Miss . Mr . is used befor e the· 161 ·names of men . Mrs . is for ma r ried women and Miss is for single women . But wha t is Ms . ?For some time, busines smen in the United States have used Ms . befor e a woman s namewhen they do not know whether the woman is ma r ried or not . Today , however , manywomen pr efe r to use Ms . r ather than Mrs . or Mis s . T he word Mr . does not tell u s whethe ror not a man is ma r ried . Many women think this is an advantage for men . They want to beequal with men in this way . These women feel that it is not importantfor people to knowwhether they a re mar ried or not .T her e a re some problems with Ms ., howeve r . Not all women like it . Some like the older way s of doing advantage . Some find it difficult to pronounce . (Ms . sounds like“miz" .)Generally , young women like it bet ter than older women do . It is difficult to k now whethe ror not Ms . will be u sed by more American women in the future . What do you thin k of thischange ?76 . The word Ms . can be used befor e the name of .A .a mar ried womanB .an unmar ried womanC .a womanD .any per son77 . Ms . was most likely used first .A .by bu siness peopleB .among young womenC .among worker sD .in schools78 . Many young women prefer to use Ms . because .A .the word has been u sed for a long timeB .they think themselves as good as menC .the word sounds mor e pleasant than Mrs . doesD .it does not tell whethe r they ar e ma r ried or not79 . From the passage we can learn that the word Ms . appear ed .A .before Mr ., Mrs . and MissB .before Mrs . and Miss , but after Mr .C .aft er Mr ., Mr s . and MissD .afte r Mrs . and Miss , but before Mr .80 . Which of the following st atements is true according to this passage ?A .More and more American women will accept the use of Ms . in the futur e .B .Ms . can be used for both mar ried and unmar ried women .C .Ms . is the s hor t form of Mrs .D .Men like to u se bette r than Women do .Passage TwoHolidays in the United States usually occur at least once a month . Most month s have anational holiday that has been a r ranged to be celebr ated on a Monday . The holidays have allbeen decided to be celebr ated on a Monday so that the workers may have 3-day weekends ,that is , Saturday , Sunday and Monday in order to rest or t ravel or do things with their fami-· 162 ·lies . Major holidays in the United St ates include New Year s Day , Christmas Day and theday , when we remembe r the fir st settlers of the United Stat es , called T hanksgiving Day . Inthese holiday s most busines ses close and the worke rs stay at home and celebr ate with theirfamilies .Vacation (假期) can be f rom 2 weeks a year to 4 weeks a yea r . T his usually depends onhow long you ve been working for a company , what type of position you have, whethe r youhave a very high and important position and whether you can find someone to replace you . Inthis case, you might take a few days at a time r ather than take one month all at once . Usuallythe more time you spend working for a company , the more time you may get for a vacation.81 . T he government of the United Stat es makes it a rule for workers to haveweekends .A .5-dayB .2-dayC .3-dayD .4-day82 . Workers in the Untied States sometimes work form .A .Monday to SaturdayB .Saturday to MondayC .T hursday to FridayD .Tuesday to Friday83 . Which st atement is wrong according to this passage ?A .Only a few shops remain open on New Year s Day .B .Most of the workers needn t work on Christmas Day .C .Days on vacation must be more than all the holidays in a year .D .All the workers have a half month vacation at least .84 . The reason why someone have to divide his vacation into sever al par ts is that.A .he doesn t want to have a long vacationB .he hasn t a high positionC .he plays an impor tant role in his workD .he hasn t been working for his company for a long time85 . Which is the best title for this pas sage ?A .Holidays in the United States .B .Vacation in the United st ates .C .How the Worke rs Spent Their Holidays .D .Something about the Holidays and Vacation in the U .S . Passage ThreeWe have no idea about when man first begin to use salt , but we do know that it has beenused in many different ways throughout the history . For example , it is r ecorded in many historybooks that people who lived ove r three thousand years ago ate salted fish . Thousands ofyea rs ago in Egypt , salt was used to preserve (保存) the dead .In some periods of history , a pe rson who stole was thought to have broken the law .· 163 ·Take the eighteenth century for example . If a per son was caught stealing salt , he would bethrown into prison . History also records that only in England about ten thousand peoplewer e put into prison during that century for stealing salt ! About one hundred and fifty yearsbefore , in the year 1553 , if a man took more than his sha re of salt , he would be thought tohave broken the law and would be seriously pu nished , and his ea r would be cut of f .Salt was an impor tant item on the dinner table of a king . It was always placed in f ront ofthe king when he sat down to eat . Impor tant guests at the king s t able were seated near thesalt . Less important guests were given seats far ther away from it .86 . Thousands of yea rs ago in Egypt salt was used .A .to p unish people who had broken the lawB .to keep dead bodies from going badC .to keep fish aliveD .to make chemicals87 . During the 18th century about ten thousand people put into prison in England because.A .they had been caught st ealing saltB .they had sold salted fishC .they had taken salt f rom the king s tableD .they had u sed salt to prese rve dead bodies88 . In the century , a man who took mor e than his shar e of salt would .A .fif teenth; lose all his saltB .fift eenth; be thrown into prisonC .fifteenth ; lose an earD .sixteenth ; lose an ear89 . When a king had his dinner , salt was placed .A .in f ront of the impor tant guestsB .far away f rom himC .in his f rontD .neare r to the les s impor tant guests90 . The best title of the pas sage is .A .Noboday Knows When Salt Began to Be UsedB .The Uses and the Impor tance of Salt in HistoryC .T hou sand of People We re Punished because of SaltD .Salt Was Impor tant in HistoryPart Ⅴ . Translation (20 points)Directions: There are five sentences in Chinese in this part . Put them into English .91. 北京是中国最美丽的城市之一。

教育部印发《1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试范围》的通知正文：----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------教育部印发《1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试范围》的通知（1996年12月13日）1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试将继续贯彻国家教委教基(1994)15号文件精神，根据调整后的教学大纲确定考试范围、修订《考试说明》，并以此作为命题的依据。

现将《1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试范围》印发给你们，请按此指导高中毕业生复习。

附：1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试范围1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文、数学、物理、化学、历史、英语、俄语、日语科范围是1990年国家教育委员会颁发的《全日制中学教学大纲(修订本)》和1994年国家教育委员会颁发的《全日制中学教学大纲(修订本)》的调整意见(教基(1994)15号)。

其中：数学科：对文科考生“反三角函数和三角方程”，“参数方程和极坐标”不作要求。

物理科：初中教学的内容不作要求。

历史科：初中教学的内容不作要求。

高中“世界古代史”不作要求。

政治科考试范围是《全日制中学思想政治课教学大纲(试用稿)》，高中一年级教学内容(经济)，约占30％；高中二年级教学内容(哲学)，约占30％；高中三年级教学内容(政治)，约占30％；时事(1996年5月－1997年4月期间的国内外重大时事)，约占10％。

——结束——。

1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B. ocean C. oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B. pioneer C. therefore D. really3. oxygen A. geography B. degree C. recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C. majority D. national5. medicine A. except B. record C. increase D. physicsB)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study 答案是C.6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. — Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a8. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- ________A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on9. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up10. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked11. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around12. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone13. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm C. certain14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing15. - I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.- ________A. Oh, no. Let's notB. I'd rather stay at homeC. I'm very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble16. - Is this raincoat yours? - No,mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung17. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing18. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a .A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice19. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don't you meet him yetB. Hadn't you met him yetC. Didn't you meet him yetD. Haven't you met him yet20. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is22. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did23. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read storiesby writers from countries.A. some; anyB. other; someC. some; otherD. other; other24. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to25. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. until c. before D. whenⅡ.完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

1997年6月大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) Skating.B) Swimming.C) Boating and swimming.D) Boating and skating.2.A) Put her report on his desk.B) Read some papers he recommended.C) Improve some parts of her paper.D) Mail her report to the publisher.3.A) She takes it as a kind of exercise.B) She wants to save money.C) She loves doing anything that is new.D) Her office isn’t very far.4.A) A shop assistant.B) A telephone operator.C) A waitress.D) A clerk.5.A) A railway porter.B) A taxi driver.C) A bus conductor.D) A postal clerk.6.A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.B) She does not agree with the man.C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.A) $1.40.B) $6.40.C) $4.30.D) $8.60.8.A) Collect papers for the man.B) Do the typing once again.C) Check the paper for typing errors.D) Read the whole newspaper.9.A) The woman does not want to go to the movies.B) The man is too tired to go to the movies.C) The woman wants to go to the movies.D) The man wants to go out for dinner.10.A) By bus.B) By bike.C) By taxi.D) On foot.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact works you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact worksyou have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In police work, you can never predict the next crime or problem. No working day is identical to any other, so there is no “(S1) ______________” day for a police officer. Some days are (S2) _______________ slow, and the job is (S3)______________; other days are so busy that there is no time to eat. I think I can (S4) _____________ police work in one word: (S5) ______________. Sometimes it’s dangerous. One day, for example, I was working undercover; that is, I was on the job, but I was wearing (S6) ______________ clothes, not my police (S7) _____________. I was trying to catch some robbers who were stealing money from people as they walked down the street. Suddenly, (S8) ______________________________________________________________ ____. Another policeman arrived, and together, we arrested three of the men; but the other four ran away. Another day, I helped a woman who was going to have a baby. (S9)______________________________________________________________ ___. I put her in my police car to get her there faster. I thought she was going to have the baby right there in my car. But fortunately, (S10)________________________________________________________.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label:” store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher（肉商）, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的）bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural coolin g, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…What refrigeration did promote was marketing—marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers（汉堡包）, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.11. The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” (Line 1, Para.2) suggests that _______.A) the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB) the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC) there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950sD) the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s12. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A) People would not buy more food than was necessary.B) Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C) Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D) People had effective ways to preserve their food.13. Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A) Inventors.B) Consumers.C) Manufacturers.D) Traveling salesmen.14. Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment?A) “Hum away continuously”.B) “Climatically almost unnecessary”.C) “Artificially-cooled space”.D) “With mild temperatures”.15. What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?A) Neutral.B) Critical.C) Objective.D) Compromising.Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software（软件）or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon（硅）will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.16. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A) By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.B) By working hard for 10 or 20 years.C) By either properly programming it or changing its structure.D) By reproducing it.17. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A) He believes they will be useful to human beings.B) He believes that they will control us in the future.C) He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D) He doesn’t consider the construct ion of such machines possible.18. The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.A) intelligent robotsB) a chemical elementC) an organic substanceD) human beings19. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.A) its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB) it is able to bear the rough environmentC) it is made as complex as the human brainD) its architecture is different from that of the present ones20. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproductionB) with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like abilityC) once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligenceD) robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll（死亡人数）could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, as earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims.Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.Despite the good new, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints（蓝图）for improvedquake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.21. One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that _________.A) new computers had been installed in the buildingsB) it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highwaysC) large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holidayD) improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways22. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to _____.A) counterbalance an earthquake’s action on the buildingB) predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracyC) help strengthen the foundation of the buildingD) measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations23. The smart buildings discussed in the passage ______A) would cause serious financial problemsB) would be worthwhile though costlyC) would increase the complexity of architectural designD) can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes24. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention should be focused on _______.A) the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital constructionB) the development of flexible building materialsC) the reduction of the impact of ground vibrationsD) early forecasts of earthquakes25. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A) compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S.B) encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computersC) outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materialsD) report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildingsPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared（红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest（害虫）problems.Even better, Paley’s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paley’s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works.“This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States,” says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.26. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are ________.A) sprayed with pesticidesB) facing an infrared scannerC) in poor physical conditionD) exposed to excessive sun rays27. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to ______.A) estimate the damage to the cropsB) draw a color-coded mapC) measure the size of the affected areaD) locate the problem area28. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by ______.A) resorting to spot-sprayingB) consulting infrared scanning expertsC) transforming poisoned rainD) detecting crop problems at an early date29. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to _____.A) the lack of official supportB) its high costC) the lack of financial supportD) its failure to help increase production30. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ______.A) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produceB) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on cropsC) the forceful promotion by the Department of AgricultureD) full support from agricultural expertsPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31 The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at ____________ chemis t’s.A) eachB) someC) certainD) any32 You cannot be __________ careful when you drive a car.A) veryB) soC) tooD) enough33 In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total _________ for living expenses.A) acceptableB) availableC) advisableD) applicable34 Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _____ the color of his skin.A) with the exception ofB) in the light ofC) by virtue ofD) regardless of35 Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _______.A) capacityB) strengthC) lengthD) possibility36 I hate people who __________ the end of a film that you haven’t seen before.A) revealB) rewriteC) reviseD) reverse37 He’s watching TV? He’s ________ to be cleaning his room.A) knownB) supposedC) regardedD) considered38 The old couple decided to _________ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A) adaptB) bringC) receiveD) adopt39 The government is trying to do something to ________ better understanding between the two countries.A) raiseB) promoteC) heightenD) increase40 The newspaper did not mention the ________ of the damage caused by the fire.A) rangeB) levelC) extentD) quantity41 The soldier was ___________ of running away when the enemy attacked.A) scoldedB) chargedC) accusedD) punished42 Had he worked harder, he __________ the exams.A) must have got throughB) would have got throughC) permitted are freshmenD) are permitted freshmen43 Only under special circumstances ________ to take make-up tests.A) are freshmen permittedB) freshmen are permittedC) permitted are freshmenD) are permitted freshmen44 I had just started back for the house to change my clothes ___________ I heard voices.A) asB) whenC) afterD) while45 It seems oil ________ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A) had leakedB) is leakingC) leakedD) has been leaking46 When he arrived, he found _________ the aged and the sick at home.A) none butB) none other thanC) nothing butD) no other than47 The pressure ________ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A) to competeB) competingC) to be competedD) having competed48 Your hair wants _________. You’d better have it done tomorrow.A) cutB) to cutC) cuttingD) being cut49 As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think ________.A) ought to be saidB) must sayC) have to be saidD) need to say50 Once environmental damage __________, it takes many years for the system to recover.A) has doneB) is to doC) doesD) is done51 Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, __________ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A) as forB) in view ofC) in case ofD) such as52 He will agree to do what you require __________ him.A) ofB) fromD) for53 The mere fact _________ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A) whatB) whichC) thatD) why54 John seems nice person. ____________, I don’t trust him.A) Even thoughB) Even soC) ThereforeD) Though55 I don’t think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.A) is assignedB) will be assignedC) be assignedD) has been assigned56 ________, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A) Other things being equalB) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other thingsD) Other things to be equal57 _______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.B) NowC) SinceD) Despite58 The man in the corner confessed to __________ a lie to the manager of the company.A) have toldB) be toldC) being toldD) having told59 By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ________ children as Coca-Cola.A) forB) inC) toD) with60 Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _______ his opinion.A) struck atB) stove forC) stuck toD) stood forPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food ___61___ it is badly cooked. The ___62___ a meal is cooked and served is most important and an ___63___ served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child ___64___ he likes or dislikes a food and never ___65___ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow ___66___ else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother ___67___ vegetables in the child’s hearing he is ___68___ to copy this procedure. Take it ___69___ granted that he likes everything and he probably ___70___. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a___71___ dislike. At meal times it is a good ___72___ to give a child a small portion and let him ___73___ back for a second helping rather than give him as ___74___ as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child ___75___ meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not ___76___ him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will ___77___ learn to swallow his food ___78___ he can hurry back to his toys. Under ___79___ circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) ___80___ forced to eat.61. A) if B) until C) that D) unless62. A) procedure B) process C) way D) method63. A) adequately B) attractively C) urgently D) eagerly64. A) whether B) what C) that D) which65. A) remark B) tell C) discuss D) argue66. A) everybody B) anybody C) somebody D) nobody67. A) opposes B) denies C) refuses D) offends68. A) willing B) possible C) obliged D) likely69. A) with B) with C) over D) for70. A) should B) may C) will D) must71. A) supposed B) proved C) considered D) related72. A) point B) custom C) idea D) plan73. A) ask B) come C) return D) take74. A) much B) little C) few D) many75. A) on B) over C) by D) during76. A) agree B) allow C) force D) persuade77. A) hurriedly B) soon C) fast D) slowly78. A) so B) until C) lest D) although79. A) some B) any C) such D) no80. A) or B) nor C) but D) neitherPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 大学生了解社会的必要性。

1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 大41家into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s One day at a time. 大42家industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 大43家reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.大44家its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “大45家”　work force is the most important 大46家in American business today, and it is 大47家changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 大48家avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens大49家by employment rules, healthcare c osts and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 大50家that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in[C] on[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm[D] importanceSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A] [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hoursof hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in th allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, byJohn Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group-line service, Death NET. Says H ofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because o f course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states a re going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, w here the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed a s terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish fo death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rightsof Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying deathafraid offrom his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I wa was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at th masks,” he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________.[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A] opposition[B] suspicion[C] approval[D] indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, a nd helpful most Americans were t o them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently m ade of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. S mall-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped t his tradition of hospitality. Someone t raveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matterof choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner -- a mazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon,but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, a ssumptions, a nd conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meacultural meaningsthat someone understands s ocial and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate”　American uses the word “friend,” the c properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when animplications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitormore than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship[B] courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated[C] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends[D] social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.[A] to improve their hard life[B] in view of their long-distance travel[C] to add some flavor to their own daily life[D] out of a charitable impulse58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________.[A] tends to be superficial and artificial[B] is generally well kept up in the United States[C] is always understood properly[D] has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken bydrug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. Th why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. T he phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess w ill produce negative e ffects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is mark first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and a lter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous systemwhereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. T hese are the substances often called psychedelic-manifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter one(from the Greek word meaning “mindconsciousness.59. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in tha[A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used[B] “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers[C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine[D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.[A] widespread[B] overwhelming[C] piercing[D] fashionable61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.[A] stimulants function positively on the mind[B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health[C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances[D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groupsText 4No company likes to be told it is contributing to th e moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?ner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company eversince the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues o f responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companydebt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has c o nsistently defended the companyrap music on the grounds of expression. I n 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing I ce-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described r ap as a lawful expression o f street culture, which deserves a nWall Street Journal c olumn, “lies not in how well outlet. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in ait can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the resu lts may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses a t last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the comwould launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally s upportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. B ut insiders say several o f them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.[A] its raising of the corporate stock price[B] its self-examination of soul[C] its neglect of social responsibility[D] its emphasis on creative freedom64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________.[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection[D] received more support from the 15-member board66. The best title for this passage could be ________.[A] A Company under Fire[B] A Debate on Moral Decline[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture[D] A Form of Creative FreedomText 5Much of the language u sed to describe monetary policy, such as “steering t he economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be fu the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem t o have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters h ad predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each mon th said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest t hat both economies, a nd especially A merica’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67. From the passage we learn that ________.[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates[B] economy will always follow certain models[C] the economic situation is better than expected[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation68. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car[B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation[C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation[D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economypan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.69. The sentence “This is no flash in the[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time[B] the inflation rate will soon rise[C] the inflation will disappear quickly[D] there is no inflation at present70. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.[A] critical of[B] puzzled by[C] disappointed at[D] amazed atSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing wayit assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which isto start. 71) Actually, it isn’t, becausesomething the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people -- for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to some body who says “I don’t like this contract”？The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake -- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravelyto reject it. The most elementary form of “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is rightmoral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl -- is to weigh others’ interests against one own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年考研英语真题答案Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)41. [A] 42. [C] 43. [D] 44. [A] 45. [B]46. [D] 47. [C] 48. [B] 49. [A] 50. [D]Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)51. [D] 52. [B] 53. [A] 54. [C] 55. [D]56. [A] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [D] 60. [A]61. [A] 62. [B] 63. [C] 64. [D] 65. [B]66. [A] 67. [C] 68. [B] 69. [A] 70. [D]Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认识并不存在。

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section A (5 points)1. What does the man mean when he says "It's not as easy as you think"?A. It's not as easy as it looks.B. It's not as difficult as you think.C. It's easier than you think.D. It's not as easy as it seems.2. Why does the woman think the man should buy a new bike?A. Because the old one is too expensive.B. Because the old one is not as fast as the new one.C. Because the old one is broken.D. Because the new one is more comfortable.3. What does the man suggest doing?A. Visiting the woman's home.B. Having a cup of coffee.C. Visiting the library.D. Visiting the park.4. Why does the woman say she will have to stay late?A. Because she has to finish her work.B. Because she has to attend a meeting.C. Because she has to pick up her child.D. Because she has to do some shopping.5. What does the man imply about the weather?A. It's going to rain.B. It's going to snow.C. It's going to be sunny.D. It's going to be windy.Section B (15 points)6. Listen to the following dialogue and answer the question.W: Excuse me, could you help me find the nearest bank?M: Sure, it's just around the corner. You can't miss it.Q: Where is the nearest bank?A. Around the corner.B. On the next street.C. On the same street.D. Across the road.7. Listen to the following passage and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.In 1995, China hosted the World Table Tennis Championships. It was a great success. The competition was very intense, and many players from around the world participated. The Chinese team won the most medals, and the event was widely praised. The Chinese government is proud of its achievements in table tennis.8. Listen to the following conversation and answer the question.M: I'm going to take a vacation next month. Do you have any suggestions?W: Well, if you like history, you should visit the Great Wall. It's a must-see in China.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Visit the Great Wall.B. Take a vacation.C. Travel around the world.D. Learn about history.9. Listen to the following passage and answer the question.The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. It allows us to communicate with people from all over the world, access information quickly, and even do our shopping online. However, it also has some negative effects. For example, too much time spent online can lead to addiction and neglect of real-life relationships.Q: What are the negative effects of the Internet according to the passage?A. It allows us to communicate with people from all over the world.B. It can lead to addiction and neglect of real-life relationships.C. It provides us with quick access to information.D. It is an essential part of our lives.Part II Structure and Vocabulary (40 points)Section A (20 points)10. Choose the correct form of the word given in the brackets to complete each sentence.e.g. He was (amaze) by the performance of the magician.(1) The weather is (change) rapidly.(2) She is (enjoy) her new job.(3) I was (surprise) when I saw him.(4) The plane is (delay) due to bad weather.(5) He is (promise) to help us.11. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.e.g. I'm (1) busy with my work.A. tooB. alsoC. eitherD. neither(1) He is (1) intelligent and hardworking.(2) She is (2) interested in music.(3) He is (3) good at sports.(4) She is (4) tall and beautiful.12. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.e.g. I am looking forward to (1) your visit.(1) I am looking forward to (1) your visit.(2) I have finished (2) my homework.(3) He is busy (3) preparing for the exam.(4) She is interested (4) learning English.Section B (20 points)13. Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in the brackets.e.g. If I (1) you, I would not do that.(1) If I were you, I would not do that.(1) He (2) been to Paris.(2) He has been to Paris.(3) She (3) been ill for a week.(3) She has been ill for a week.(4) They (4) left for Shanghai this morning.(4) They have left for Shanghai this morning.14. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.e.g. He is (1) happy to help us.(1) He is eager to help us.(1) She is (2) excited to see her friends.(2) She is anxious to see her friends.(3) He is (3) careful not to make mistakes.(3) He is careful not to make mistakes.(4) She is (4) determined to succeed.(4) She is determined to succeed.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (20 points)15. Read the following passage and answer the questions.The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It was built over a period of about 2,000 years. The wall was originally built to protect China from invasions by nomadic tribes from the north. Today, the Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese strength and determination. It is also a popular tourist destination.Q1: What is the Great Wall of China?A. It is a famous landmark.B. It is a symbol of Chinese strength.C. It is a popular tourist destination.D. All of the above.Q2: Why was the Great Wall built?A. To protect China from invasions.B. To show off Chinese strength.C. To attract tourists.D. To show off Chinese determination.Q3: What is the Great Wall today?A. A popular tourist destination.B. A symbol of Chinese determination.C. A historical landmark.D. All of the above.16. Read the following passage and answer the questions.Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years. It offers convenience and a wide variety of products. However, there are also some risks associated with online shopping. Consumers need to be cautious when making purchases online. They should research the seller and check the product reviews before making a purchase.Q1: What is the main idea of the passage?A. Online shopping is convenient.B. Online shopping is risky.C. Online shopping is popular.D. Online shopping is beneficial.Q2: What should consumers do before making an online purchase?A. Buy from a trusted seller.B. Check the product reviews.C. Pay with a credit card.D. All of the above.Section B (20 points)17. Read the following passage and complete the summary.The importance of exercise cannot be overstated. It is essential for maintaining good health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and boost mental health. There are many different types of exercise, such as walking, running, swimming, and cycling. It is important to choose an activity that you enjoy and can fit into your schedule.Summary: Exercise is important for maintaining good health. It can improve cardiovascular health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and boost mental health. There are many different types of exercise, and it is important to choose an activity that you enjoy and can fit into your schedule.Part IV Writing (30 points)18. Write a short composition of about 120 words on the following topic: "My Hobbies". You should include the following points:- What your hobbies are.- Why you enjoy them.- How they affect your life.My HobbiesHobbies are an important part of my life. I have several hobbies, each of which brings me joy and relaxation. My favorite hobbies include reading, playing the guitar, and hiking.Reading is my favorite pastime. It allows me to escape intodifferent worlds and learn new things. I enjoy reading books on avariety of topics, from fiction to non-fiction.Playing the guitar is another hobby of mine. It is a great way to relax and express myself. I play both classical and contemporary music, and I have even performed at local concerts.Hiking is another hobby that I love. It allows me to get out into nature and enjoy the fresh air. I often go hiking with friends, and it is a great way to bond and have fun.These hobbies have a positive impact on my life. They help me to relax and relieve stress, and they also keep me physically active. I believe that hobbies are an important part of a balanced life.End of Test。