2019年首都师范大学《教育学原理》考博真题

北京师范大学教育学考博真题2010 教育学A1. 当代教育改革蕴藏的价值追求。

' b! T） }" w52.教育目的与教育制度的关系。

3. 信息社会学习方式发生了哪些变化，教育理论与实践如何应对这些变化。

. u# L（ R/ {7 {; d （ I- U44. 东亚地区德育的文化特性。

（德育原理方向必答题）我国1949 年以来教育学发展的主要历程，取得的成就，存在的问题以及以后的发展趋势。

（教育基本理论方向必答题）2010 中外教育史A f# }/ |0 D9 W; t7 h1.孟子和荀子人性观的主要分歧及其教育意义。

2.中外古代教育史上教师的产生、作用及社会地位。

3.改革开放以来国外哪些教育思想、流派对我国的教育改革产生了影响，表现在哪些方面。

2009教育学1、论述知识与教学的关系？2、结合学校变革运动谈谈学校及其对个人发展的影响？（记不清了，大意如此）3、论述教师教育经验在教师专业发展中的作用。

4、德育专业化的必然性和可能性。

（德育原理方向必答题）人的什么行为能够被称为教育行为？（教育基本理论方向必答题）2009中外教育史1、近代西方公立学校体系的形成原因及进程2、科举制及其对学校教育的影响3、简述杜威教育思想在中国的传播及其对我国学校教育的影响。

2008 教育学A1.从现代教育的基本价值和功能分析教育对个人发展的意义（25 分）2.试论教学过程的特殊性及对教学工作的意义（25 分）3.互联网对青少年学生交往行为的影响并就学校教育由此面临的问题等谈谈你的对策。

（20 分）4、论我国高等学校与学生法律关系的基本性质及其调整方式（法学方向必答题）评论新自由主义思潮（教育基本理论方向必答题）2008 教育学B1.论述义务教育的基本特征以及政府应该承担的责任.（35 分）2008 中外教育史A1.试述西方国家公立学校体系近200 年来的发展及其对教育普及的作用。

（35 分）2.简述从汉代至唐宋时期中国选士制度的演进及其对中国古代教育的影响。

2019年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
报考专业教育学
考试科目及代码教育综合333
一、名词解释
1课程
2学制
3.《颜氏家训》
4观察学习
2019年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷
报考专业教育学
考试科目及代码教育综合333
一、名词解释
1课程
2学制
3.《颜氏家训》
4观察学习
二、简答题
1.简述19世纪末20世纪初的实验教育学的主要观点和意义
2简述王安石的教育改革
3简述德育过程的定义并说明其规律
4简述教教师的基本素养并说明它们之间的关系
三、论述题
1.学生问老师:“我非常清楚我们家一个月能收多少房租,我的钱够我花一辈子了
我为什么要上学?为什么要读书?”
分析并评价这位学生的想法,并说明教师应如何引导
小明期中考试语文成绩不理想。

他对同学说:“大家都在猗老师会默写哪一篇文章,你猜中了,我没猜中。

”可见所有成败人们都会寻找解释和借口。

韦纳提出了成败归因理论。

说明成败归因理论的基本观点及其教育实践启示。

一、填空（每空０.５分，共１５分）１、教育学是以研究＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿为对象的一门＿＿＿科学。

２、原始形态教育的特点是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

３、教育对生产力的促进作用表现在＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿、＿＿＿＿。

４、教师的知识结构包括＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

５、影响人发展的基本因素有＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿。

６、１９２２年通过的“＿＿＿”学制、基本参照＿＿国的学制，通常又称“＿＿＿＿”学制，这是旧中国使用时间最长的学制。

７、教学过程的基本因素为＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿。

８、我国最早提出启发式教学思想的是＿＿＿＿，在国外，启发式教学始于古希腊的＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

９、我国中学思想品德教育的任务，大致可以归纳为如下几个方面：＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿。

10、班主任争取家长配合，与家长联系的方式主要有＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿二、不定项选择（将正确的答案题号填在横线上，共１０分）１、教育学成为一门独立学科，以＿＿＿＿的《大教学论》的发表为标志。

Ａ赫尔巴特Ｂ夸美纽斯Ｃ凯洛夫Ｄ苏霍姆林斯基２、确定德育内容的依据是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

Ａ当前形势的需要Ｂ德育的任务Ｃ青少年学生思想实际Ｄ学生年龄特征３、学生是人，是教育的对象，因而他们＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

Ａ消极被动地接受教育Ｂ对外界的教育影响有选择性Ｃ毫无顾及地接受教育Ｄ能动地接受教育４、根据教学大纲的要求，在校内外组织学生进行实际操作，将书本知识运用于实践的方法是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

Ａ练习法Ｂ实验法Ｃ试验法Ｄ实习法５、作为班主任，要使工作取得满意结果必须了解和研究学生，而了解和研究学生是指了解＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

Ａ学生思想Ｂ学生品德Ｃ学生现有知识水平Ｄ学生身体素质６、班主任的工作任务体现为＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

Ａ教书Ｂ育人Ｃ指导学生课外活动Ｄ组织学生参加生产劳动７、我国的主要教学组织形式是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

一、真题题型跟2018年的题型一模一样，心意740考前六套卷也针对该题型进行了高度的还原模拟。

二、各科目考题分析及难度分析科目一：教育学原理2. 各题目难度分析这是北师大自2013年自命题以来最简单的一年，所有题目都是直接背诵记忆题目，没有太多的技术含量。

鉴于去年论述题“公平有质量的教育内涵及实施路径”难度过大，今年的论述题异常简单，考的是马克思，为什么要考马克思呢？心意VIP学员的11月的VIP核心资料已经说明了一切。

在各阶段课程里面，心意老师也反复强调马克思的全面发展理论与我国的全面发展教育，不是一回事儿、不是一回事儿。

其它的题目呢，全部都在心意740习题库上，一道都不差。

综上，教育学原理的题目难度非常小。

科目二：中国教育史2. 各题目难度分析只有两道题，第一道题名词解释考查为重点内容，在心意740习题库上也有详细解析，在各阶段的心意课堂也反复强调过。

第二道题，大眼一看，《论语》不是考点，但是回忆下心意740习题库的题，《论语》的思想不就是孔子的思想么。

而孔子的思想和《学记》的思想是整个中教史古代史的灵魂，每一点都要求背的滚瓜烂熟。

以下答题思路仅供参考：【心意参考思路】（1）孔子的启发教学思想：“不愤不启，不悱不发。

举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也”，朱子释为“愤者，心求通而未得之意。

悱者，口欲言而未能之貌。

启，谓开其意，发，谓达其辞。

”即，在教学时必先让学生认真思考，在思考了相当时间后还想不通，然后再启发他；学生思考而有所领会，想说而未能以适当的言辞表达出来的时候，才去开导他。

（2）《学记》启发教学思想：“君子之教，喻也：道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达。

道而弗牵则和，强而弗抑则易，开而弗达则思。

和、易、以思，可谓善喻矣。

”就是说，君子之教育在于诱导学生，靠的是引导而不是强迫服从，是勉励而不是压制，是启发而不是全部讲解。

引导而不是强迫，就会使师生关系和谐；勉励而不是压制，学习就容易成功；启发而不是全部讲解，学生就会善于思考。

2019年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题I. Listening Comprehension (15 points)Section ADirections: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.A. He is in a drug store.B. He is at a department store.C. He is at home.D. He is at his doctor's office.2.A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me.B. You made me forget what I was savingC. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you.D. You told me never to interrupt you.3.A Sally drove back and forth to work twice todayB. Sally took long time to do her work.C. Sally took her lunch with her to work.D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time.4.A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests.B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course.C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks.D. It is not necessary to order a textbook.5.A. The speaker's salary is $250.B. The speaker's salary is $1000.C. The speaker's salary is $1100.D. The speaker's salary is $ 275.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6.A. Clean up her roomB. Get her report back.C. Not wait for him past noon.D. Not worry about her raincoat.7.A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down.B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.8.A. Someone who is in charge of hunting.B. A boss of a company.C. A job-seeking advisor.D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company.9.A. The woman is not careful at all this time.B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enoughC. The woman is most careful this time.D. The woman has never been careful.10.A. Tom stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour.B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent.C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Xiangzhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old.12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used to call dogs.13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position, Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet.14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction,15. After many years in the United States Xiangzhen's body language is still completely Korean.II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed tomography or computed medical imagery has become fairly widely used. Its rapidacceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks ofconventional X-ray technology.To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all ofthe information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depthsare super imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can givethree-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of thebody's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing throughsections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are basedon series of thin “slices”.In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone andair, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variationsin tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain otherorgans may only be rendered visible through the use of radiopaque dye. Since computedtomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the livercan be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measuredifferent degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature oftissue.A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability to measurequantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through whichthe X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. Thisis not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor andsubsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition toits diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy.16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference betweenA. bone and airB. liver and pancreasC. muscle and other body tissuesD. heart and lungs17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body?A. Two-dimensional.B. Three-dimensional.C. Animated.D. Intensified.18. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared to conventional X-raytechniques, computed tomography is moreA. compactB. rapidC. economicalD. informative19. What is the author's attitude toward this new technique?A. Cautious.B. Tolerant.C. Enthusiastic.D. Critical.20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of thefollowing EXCEPTA. monitoring a patient's diseaseB. diagnosing disordersC. locating tumorsD. reconstructing damaged tissuesPassage 2Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing aspurification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. Thisnotion is apparent in the origin of our word “pharmacy,” which comes from theGreek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging."By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. a scroll dating from 1900B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol.The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The “chief of the preparers of drugs” was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the “collectors of drugs.” field workers, who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The “preparers’ aides” (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the “preparers” And the “conservator of drugs” oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept.By the seventh century B.C., the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed that a physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, even if the suspected “mental” causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine.Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact. One major reason was that physicians unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens—such as bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error.Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first paragraph in order toA. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical scienceB. point out that man of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held todayC. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internalcleansingD. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differedfrom that of the Sumerians in that the GreeksA. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugsB. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illnessC. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugsD. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes23. In Paragraph 5, the word “holistic” most nearly meansA. integratedB. religiousC. modernD. physiological24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern eraof pharmacology may have been delayed by,A. a lack of understanding of the origins of diseaseB. a shortage of chemical treatments for diseaseC. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparationD. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observationsabout scientific discovery?A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries areuncommon.B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered.C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery.D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs.Passage 3When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life existin any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need notresemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planetwhere life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be otherkinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venusor Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be ina more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probablytemporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. Theyare, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individuallives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormouslymore power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long onthe evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man's societies may havebecome so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality.Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multipleorganism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary” machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants froma favored planet.26 What does the word “cheer” (Para. 1, Line 2) imply?A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.D. imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of life on other planets.27. Humans on Earth are characterized byA their existence as free and separate beingsB. their capability of living under favorable conditionsC. their great power and effectivenessD. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society28. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually __A. human societies will be much more cooperativeB. man will live in a highly organized worldC. machines will take control over manD. living beings will disappear from Earth29. Even most imaginative people have to admit that __A. human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB. planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay,C. it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD. organisms are more creative than machines30. It seems that the writerA. is interested in the imaginary life formsB. is eager to find a different form of lifeC. is certain of the existence of a new life formD. is critical of the imaginative peoplePassage 4Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in, 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.31. The best title for this passage is __A. The Significance of EducationB. Educational Investment and Its ReturnsC. Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its PresentD. Education in the Wilderness32. The word "interest" in paragraph one means __A. capital profit got back from the investmentB. the things young people are interested inC. the well-educated and successful young men and womenD. the well-educated young people with leadership potential33. The author seemsA. against the education in the very early historic timesB. positive about our present educational instructionC. in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesD. quite happy to see an equal start for everyone34. The passage implies that __A. some families now can hardly afford to send their children to schoolB. everyone today' has an equal opportunity in educationC. every, country invests heavily in educationD. we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not35. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. One without education today has no opportunities.B. We have not yet decided on our education models.C. Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D. Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.Passage 5Many zoos in the United States have undergone radical changes in the philosophy and design. All possible care is taken to reduce the stress of living in captivity. Cages and grounds are landscaped to make gorillas feel immersed in vegetation, as they would be in a Congo jungle. Zebras gaze across vistas arranged to appear (to zoos visitors, at least) nearly as broad as an African plain.Yet, strolling past animals in zoo after zoo, I have noticed the signs of hobbled energy that has found no release--large cats pacing in a repetitive pattern, primates rocking for hours in one corner of a cage. These truncated movements are known as cage stereotypes, and usually these movements bring about no obvious physical or emotional effects in the captive animal. Many animal specialists believe they are more troubling to the people who watch than to the animals themselves. Such restlessness is an unpleasant reminder that--despite the careful interior decoration and clever optical illusions--zoo animals are prisoners, being kept in elaborate cells.The rationale for breeding endangered animals in zoos is nevertheless compelling. Once a species falls below a certain number, it is beset by inbreeding and other processes that nudge it closer and closer to extinction. If the animal also faces the whole-scale destruction of its habitat, its one hope for survival lies in being transplanted to some haven of safely, usually a cage. In serving as trusts for rare fauna, zoos have committed millions of dollars to caring for animals. Many zoo managers have given great consideration to the psychological health of the animals in their care. Yet the more I learned about animals bred in enclosures, the more I wondered how their sensibilities differed from those of animals raised to roam free.In the wild, animals exist in a world of which we have little understanding. They may communicate with their kind through "language" that are indecipherable by humans. A few studies suggest that some species perceive landscapes much differently than people do; for example, they may be keenly attuned to movement on the faces of mountains or across the broad span of grassy plains. Also, their social structures may be complex and integral to their well-being. Some scientistsbelieve they may even develop cultural traditions that are key to the survival of populations.But when an animal is confined, it lives within a vacuum. If it is accustomed to covering long distances in its searches for food, it grows lazy or bored. It can make no decisions for itself; its intelligence and wild skills atrophy from lack of use. It becomes, in a sense, one of society's charges, completely dependent on humans for nourishment and care.How might an animal species be changed--subtly, imperceptibly--by spending several generations in a pen? I posed that question to the curator of birds at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, which is a breeding center for the endangered California condor. "I always have to chuckle when someone asks me that," the curator replied. "Evolution has shaped the behavior of the condor for hundreds of years. If you think I can change it in a couple of generations, you're giving me a lot of credit."Recently the condor was reintroduced into the California desert---only a moment after its capture, in evolutionary terms. Perhaps the curator was right; perhaps the wild nature of the birds would emerge unscathed, although I was not convinced. But what of species that will spend decades or centuries in confinement before they are released?36. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. highlight the improvements in the conditions of American zoosB. examine behavioral traits of animals living in zoosC. raise concerns about the confinement of wild animals in zoosD. suggest alternative ways of protecting endangered species37. The primary function of the second paragraph is to show thatA. wild animals adapt to their cages by modifying their movementsB. confined animals are not being seriously harmedC. zoos are designed with the reactions of spectators in mindD. people are overly sensitive to seeing animals in captivity38. In the fourth paragraph, the author's most important point is that animals in the wildA. perceive landscapes differently than do animals in captivityB. have modes of communicating that are very similar to those of humansC. are likely to live longer than animals kept in zoosD. depend on the care and support of others of their species39. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the fourth paragraph and the fifth paragraph?A. The fourth paragraph presents a question that is answered in the fir'& paragraph.B. The fourth paragraph contains an assertion that is evaluated in the fifth paragraph.C. The fifth paragraph describes a contrast to the situation presented in the fourth paragraph.D. The fifth paragraph discusses the second part of the process described in the fourth paragraph.40. In paragraph 5. "charges" most nearly means __A. costsB. responsibilitiesC. demandsD. attacksPassage 6The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalist and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects or journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present, the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that __A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to .journalistic interviewingC. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingD. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews42. Much research has been done on interviews in generalA. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedB. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attentionC. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedD. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalisticinterviewing43. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview. __A. but most of them wish to stay away from itB. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day'C. but most of them may not have been interviewed in personD. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it44.Who is the interviewee in a clinic interview?A. The psychologist.B. The physician.C. The journalist.D. The patient.45. The passage is most likely a part ofA. a news articleB. a prefaceC. a research reportD. a journalistic interviewIII. Translation and Writing (55 points)Section A Translation (40%) Translate the following into Chinese:1) Information processing is the acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval( 检索 ), display, and dissemination of information. In recent years, the term hasoften been applied to computer-based operations specifically. During the past fewcenturies great advances have been made in the human capability to record, store,and reproduce information, beginning with the invention of printing from movabletype in 1450, followed by the development of photography and telephony, andculminating in the mass production of electronic digital computers in the latterhalf of the 20th century. New technologies for preserving and transmitting auraland visual information have further enhanced information processing.2) The entry of the Anglo-Saxon peoples into Britain, and their centuries-longsuccessful struggle to establish Germanic kingdoms there, is among the most famousventures of the Age of Migrations, but like other historical events of the timeit is obscure in much of its detail: the identity and place of origin of the peoplestaking part, the needs and desires that moved them to entry" and conquest, the linesof invasion, the duration of native resistance, the historicity of the BritishArthur (亚瑟王) .Translate the following into English: 英语现在是60多个国家使用的官方或半官方语言。

2019年首都师范大学333教育学考研真题
一、名词解释
1.教材
2.程序性知识
3.发现学习
4.实验研究
5.访谈
6.校本课程
二、简答题
1.请结合实际，阐述学习动机的内涵及其与学习效果之间的关系
2.论述信息技术及其教育的特征
3.阐述教育行动研究的程序
三、论述题
1.论述现代教学观的转变
2.请结合马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说，谈谈我国教育目的中各育的关系
3.如何培养我国学生的良好品德
四、分析题
材料：
家长会1.0:教师训话，家长听
家长会2.0:优秀家长发言、专家表格
家校共育3.0:
1.我国家校合作中存在的问题并分析其原因
2.如何改进家校共育以及提高德育的实效性？。

教育学原理考博复习试题1.教育与生产劳动相结合孙喜亭《教育原理》1）历史回顾教育与生产劳动相结合这一思想是资本主义机器大生产的产物，这是与近代学校教育同时产生的，或含于近代学校教育之中。

它产生于资本主义萌芽期，发展完成在资本主义社会发展过程之中。

最早提出这一思想的是英国空想社会主义者托马斯“莫尔(1478—1535)。

他在《乌托邦》中描写了他的理想社会，他主张人人参加劳动，乌托邦人每天工作6小时后，把剩余时间用在学习上。

主张凡是儿童都要学习，并且每个儿童在学校里不仅学习农业劳动知识，还要在城市郊区的田地上进行实习。

体力劳动是每个乌托邦人必须参加的。

是莫尔第一次提出厂消灭体力劳动与脑力劳动之间的对立，把人的全面发展和教育与生产劳动相结合的思想联系起来了。

后来．在莫尔一百多年以后，英国早期经济学家贝勒斯(1645—1725)提出了劳动会带来富裕，怠懒者应穿褴褛的衣服，谁不工作，谁不得食。

他认为，不与体力劳动相结合的教学略胜于不学。

还说，人需要从事体力劳动，就像他需要吃饭—样，人的生活是油灯，思想就是灯光，体力劳动好像是灯油—‘样，没有油，灯光(思想)会熄灭的。

贝勒斯所提出的教育与生产劳动相结合的思想受到了马克思的高度评价。

说他是“政治经济学史上一个真正非凡的人物。

”后来，瑞士教育家裴斯塔洛齐(1746—1827)在他的教育理论中，主张教育与生产劳动结合起来，认为劳动不仅能发展体力，并能发展智力，形****的道德，从事劳动的人能够形成一种信念，相信劳动在社会生活中的意义。

他设想是：儿童在学校里，整天纺织；学校里有一块耕地，每个儿童在他自己的小畦里耕作；学校里有自己的养畜业，儿童养护动物；儿童对亚麻和羊毛进行加工，熟悉乡村里最好的农场和手工作坊。

在工作空闲时间，教师才对儿童进行教学。

他的教劳结合是教育与手工劳动的结合，在时间上是机械的结合。

空想社会主义者欧文(1771-1858)，他既从资本主义的生产方式给人民群众带来的苦难出发，同时又从科学技术进步对劳动者的新要求出发，提出了教育与生产劳动相结合的思想。

博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part L Listening Comprehension ( 25％)Section A: Spot DictationDirections: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will he read only once. As you listen to the passage, fill in the blanks with the words you hear. After the passage, there will be a 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students (1)____the learning of English vocabulary. The results were urprising. I'll (2) ____three of them.firstly, most of the stcrdeaats think that (3) ____every word ill English has just one meaning. This is, of course:, completely (4) ____to the facts. A glance at any English dictionary will show this. The student will (5) ____find seven or eight meanings listed for (6) ____simple' words.Why, then, have these students made such a mistake:' One reason irnay be that they're .ill (7) ____. students. Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning, and one meaning only. Another reason., of course,could be the way in Which these Student, Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English. (M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-, on the other sloe, a single \ti'ord in the (Q) native language.'l°he second attitude that (10) ____from the findings isequally mistaken. (11) ____all the students think that every word in English has an exact (12)____equivalent. Again, this is far from the trijth. Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a (13) ____in the student's native languial c. "there are other (l4) ____ill translation which we won't mention here. (:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation (15) ____is completely false. Translation machines, which tried to work on this (16) ____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another (17) ____in the students' thinking. They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word, they're in a (18) ____to use it correctly. This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly (19) ____for English. The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means. Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What, then, is the best way to increase one's vocabulary? This can be answered in threewords-observation, (20) ____and repetition.Section B: Multiple ChoiceDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21. A) It had no efFect on living cells. 13) It had effects on living cells. C) It had effects only on children.I)) It had effects only on adults.22. A) An increasing number of cancers in children.I3) A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C) A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1)) A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23. A) 446. 13) 464. C ) 223. 1))234.24. A) Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R) Because other scientists have not studied his results yet. C.) Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D) Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25. A) Health and environment.B) Electric current and the energy field. C) Electricity and cancer.D) Electrical workers and cancer.Section C: Question and AnswerDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard. Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26. Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27. Why do many small town doctors work long hours? 28. What is the growing problem in theUnited States? 29. How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979?30. Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€ 5,000 dollar to?Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%),Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and thisis____A) refused B) discouragedC) denied D) forbidden32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A) whirl B) shiftC) shiver D) shake33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than 500 non-English majors.A) inclined B) hesitatedC) afforded D) undertaken34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A) betray B) concealC) disclose D) renew35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____A) philosophy B) idealismC) morality D) personality36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A) approach B) solutionC) manner D) road37. To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A) custom B) confidenceC) security D) simplicity38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A) glimmering B)glitteringC) flaming D) blazing39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A) destroyed B) collapsedC) corroded D) ruined40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!"A) contemptible B) amusingC) contagious D) contemptuous41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument.A) impervious B) imperceptibleC) impassable D) blunt42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to beA) inquisitive B) impatientC) acquisitive D) informative43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A) hovered B) lurchedC) wavered D) fluctuated44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA} legitimate B) legibleC) intimate D) legislative45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word ' stile'.A) equivalent B) copyC) counterpart D) meaning46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A) distributed B) attributedC) granted D) contributed47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A) sustained B) maintainedC) retained D) entertained48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A) extended B) expandedC) expended D) awarded49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.A) amiable B) amicableC) inimical D) unfriendly50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A) generous B) humbleC) proud D) bold51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A) intensive B) extensiveC) expansive D) retentive52. After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10,A) entailed B) deservedC) entitled D) satisfied53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A) emigrate B) leaveC) abandon D) immigrate54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A) mission B) invasionC) experiment D) expedition55. It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A) submit B) breakC) say D) proclaim56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A) discerned B) distinguishedC) discriminated D) extinguished57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A) inclined B) declinedC) denied D) disinclined58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A) accused B) prosecutedC) charged D) arrested59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A) prevalent B) relevantC) consistent D) coincident60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily.A) delicate B) gloomyC) energetic D) confident61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A) designed B) drawnC) marked D) stained62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress.A) obstacle B) brakeC) break D) block63. There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A) decreases B) subtractionsC) reductions D) accounts64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his painwill often disappear.A) assumed B) assuredC) informed D) proved65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision.A} genuine.B) negativeC) negligible D) condensed66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B) committedC)consigned D) assigned67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A) complain B) blameC) mistake D) fault68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go, so the game looked completely____A) irresistible B) irremissibleC} irreplaceable D) irretrievable69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A) spontaneously B) instantaneouslyC} simultaneously D) conscientiously70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A) encounter B) highlightC} testify D) identifyPart III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate witheach other. He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word `More?'The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh, yes: That's one of the words he knows,' the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language' in the real sense of the word? Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary?' and `Who does Mary love?' mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71. The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA) Sagan had turned his backB) it was part of the game they were playingC) he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD) Sagan wanted him to do this72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done, the directorA) didn't seem to think it was unusualB) thought Sagan was jokingC) told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD) asked him if he knew other words73. Dolphins' brains are particularly well-developed toA) help them to travel fast in waterB) arrange sounds in different structuresC) respond to different kinds of soundD) communicate with humans through sound74. The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA) each sound has a different meaningB) each sound is different from the otherC) there is a system of writingD) they have a structure or grammar（2）Married people live "happily ever after" in fairy tales, but they do so less and less often in real life. 1, like many of my friends, got married, divorced, and remarried. I suppose, to some people, I'm a failure. After all, I broke my first solemn promise to "love and cherish until death us do part." But I feel that I'm finally a success. I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage. This time around, the ways my husband and I share our free time, make decisions, and deal with problems are very different.I learned, first of all, not to be a clinging vine (依赖男子的妇女) . In my first marriage, I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted. If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game, I felt rejected and talked him into staying home. I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it' it meant that Ray would be home alone. I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together. In contrast, my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own. I have started playing racquetball at a health club, and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends. When we are together, we aren't bored with each other; our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions. When Ray and I were married, I left all the important decisions to him. He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it, and where to take a vacation. I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong. I could always end an argument by saying, "It was your fault!" With my second marriage, I am trying to be a full partner. We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree. If we make the wrong choice, we're equally guilty. When we rented an apartment, for example, we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the "no pets" clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems. David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults. If we're mad at each other or worried and upset, we say how we feel. Rather than hide behind our own misery, we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it. Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis, but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times. I would lock myself in the spare bedroom. Ray would stalk out of the house, slam the door, and race off in the car. Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn. 1 feel better now about being an independent person, about making decisions, and about facing problems. My second marriage isn't perfect, but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75. Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A) Her former husband went out to watch football games.B) She started to play racquetball at a health club.C) They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D) They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76. It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage,A) took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB) tool: the same responsibility as her husbandC) took more blame when things went wrongD) felt equally guilty when things went wrong77. Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A) "It was your fault!"B) "Maybe you're right."C) "It's none of your business."D) "It's none of my business."78. All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA) they hide their feelingsB) they lock themselves in their bedroomC) they have promised not to be mad at each otherD) they dare to face them79, The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways except A) that they share their free timeB) that they make their decisions togetherC) that they talk to each otherD) that they deal with their troubles together80. The best title for the passage isA) First MarriageB) Second MarriageC) DivorceD) Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement. This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81. Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA) all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB) it is more distinguishedC) it is more expensiveD) nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA) house for saleB) people who are asking for helpC) people who are lostD) real antiques for sale83. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements, according to thewriter?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B) They are looking for something they need.C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84. What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A) They used to be voluntary.B) They used to use display type.C) They were all the same size.D) They were more formal.85. Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance, according to the writer?A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers. .（4）Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard. He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys. If he caught any of them in any petty thieving, he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters. Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews, moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master, a man called Vernier, stepped in and stood on his small platform. Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them, then retired behind the "Church Times" which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches, advising boys. It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class, Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about, having retired to the lavatory for a smoke. As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight, minor pandemonium ('N k) broke out. Some of the boys raided the store. The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles, and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films. The poorer boys, with a more determined aim, took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market. They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets. Soda for making soap, magnesium sulphate for opening medicine, salt for cooking, liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing, and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores. Kojo objected mildly to all this. "Oh, shut up!" a few boys said. Sorie, a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors, commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called "gin and fizz"----from a beaker. "Look here, Kojo, you are getting out of hand. What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for? For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson? " The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster, feared by the small boys, adored by the boys in the middle school, and liked, in a critical fashion, with reservations, by some of the senior boys and African masters. He had a passion for new motor-cars, buying one yearly."Come to think of it," Sorie continued to Kojo, "you must take something yourself, then we'll know we are safe," "Yes, you must," the other boys insisted. Kojo gave in and, unwillingly, took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home. "Someone!" the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment. Sorie washed out his mouth, at the sink with some water.Mr Abu, the laboratory attendant, entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class. He looked round fiercely and suspiciously, and then sniffed the air. It was a physicsexperiment, but the place smelled chemical. However, Vemier came in then. After asking if anyonewas in difficulties, and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything, he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86, The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA) he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB) he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC) he was cruelD) he believed in strict discipline87. When the boys were caught petty thieving, they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA) he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB) they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC) they were afraid of their science mastersD) his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88. Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA) they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things, like tradersB) they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC) they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD) they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89. A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA) Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B) Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC) Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD) when Kojo objected. Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90. On entering the laboratory, Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA) the whole class was looking so innocentB) he was a suspicious man by natureC) there was no teacher in the roomD) he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson ,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase. As usual, she had brought some work home from the travel agency. She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then, after spending a few hours working, she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door. `Uli, no! Who on earth could that be?' she muttered to herself. She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was. A man of about sixty was standing there. It took her a moment before she realized who he was. He lived in the flat below. They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice, and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh, sorry to bother you, but ...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,' he mumbled. He had a long, thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit. Alison hesitated, but then, opening the door wide, asked him to come in. It was then that she noticed the dog. She hated dogs----particularly big ones. This one was a very old, very fat bulldog. The man had already bone into her small living-room and, without being asked, he sat down on the sofa. The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him, breathing heavily. She stared at it. It stared back.The man coughed. `Uh, do you mind if I smoke?' he asked. Before she could ask him not to, he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come. I ...I hope you won't be offended but, well ...,' he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red. His whole body began to shake. Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him. Still coughing, he took out a grey, dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it. Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply. As he did so, some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room. He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say. Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point. She waited.'Nice place you've got here,' he said at last.91. How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A) Afraid .B) Irritated.C) Pleased. D) Curious.92. Who was the man at the door?A) Someone from work.。

北京师范大学教育学部教育学原理考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学教育学原理考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040101教育学原理教育基本理论教育哲学德育原理教育社会学14年19人/4人15年19人/4人16年18人/4人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。

“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。

选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。

2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。

初审：初审满分值为100分。

在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。

复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。

复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。

复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。

（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

首都师范大学教育学院教育学原理考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置首都师范大学教育学院共招生14人，有7个专业，分别是教育学原理、课程与教学论、比较教育学、教育技术学、教师教育、基础心理学、发展与教育心理学。

二、考试的科目三、导师介绍劳凯声，北京师范大学教育系教授、博士生导师，北京师范大学教育与心理学院副院长，教育系主任。

学术兼职全国教育学研究会理事；主讲课程硕士生课程：教育学原理专题、教育法学与教育政治学专题、国外教育法研究、中国高等教育体制改革研究；博士生课程：学术思潮与教育研究、教育研究方法论、教育政策分析。

康丽颖：首都师范大学教育学院副院长，教授，博士生导师。

曾在《教育研究》、《比较教育研究》等刊物上发表学术论文50余篇，其中多篇被人大复印资料全文转载。

先后主持和参与主编了第一本反映中国青少年发展状况的蓝皮书，第一本反映未成年人犯罪状况的红皮书。

孟繁华，男，1963年5月生人，汉族，山东人，中共党员，首都师范大学副校长、教授、博士生导师。

兼任北京师范大学教育学部教授、博士生导师。

研究领域：教育经济与管理、教育政策、教师教育邢永富，男，汉族，九三学社，1954年生于河北邯郸，毕业于北京师范大学，现任首都师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师。

长期从事教育学理论研究和教学工作，讲授教育学原理、高等教育学、教育政治学、邓小平教育理论等课程，主要研究教育发展与政策分析、教育可持续发展、公民教育等问题。

傅树京，首都师范大学教师，教授，博士生导师，“教育经济与管理研究所”所长；主要研究领域：教育管理，教育领导，教育制度，公共管理，人力资源管理，组织行为，学校改进，专业发展，教师教育等。

李孔珍：女，博士，副教授，研究方向：教育政策、教育管理，专著：《大学组织管理创新》，山西教育出版社，2008年；主编教材：《教育英语文献选读》，高等教育出版社，2009年薛海平：湖北人，管理学博士，讲师。

毕业于北京大学教育经济与管理专业。

首师大考博辅导班：2019首都师范大学教育学院考博难度解析及经验分享首都师范大学2019年学术型博士研究生招生方式包括硕博连读、普通招考两类，其中硕博连读仅招收已获取我校2019年硕博连读生资格的在读硕士研究生。

下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于首都师范大学教育学院考博相关内容。

一、院系简介首都师范大学教育学科始创于1954年，著名教育家傅任敢先生、著名书法教育家欧阳中石先生曾长期在此执教，与众多教育学前辈共同培育了大量人才，为教育学科的建设与发展奠定了坚实的基础。

历经教育教研室、教科所、教育系、教育科学学院四个阶段，现如今组建成一个全新的教育学院，包括首都教育政策与法律研究院、教育基本理论研究所、课程与教学论研究所、教育经济与管理研究所、国际与比较教育研究所等。

学院拥有教育学一级学科博士授权点，教育学北京市一级学科重点学科；设教育学博士后流动站。

拥有首都教育发展协同创新中心、北京基础教育研究基地、教科书博物馆（筹建）等研究基地，与教育部教育发展研究中心共建中国教育政策评估与研究中心，与教育部基础教育课程教材发展中心共建中国基础教育教科书研究与评价中心。

学院在团队建设、省部级以上质量工程、教学改革等方面取得优异成绩，近年获“北京市教学成果奖（基础教育）”一等奖、“北京市教育教学成果奖（高等教育）”一等奖、“国家级教学成果奖”二等奖等多项奖励。

学院共有教职工60人，其中教授17人，副教授19人，讲师14人，博士生导师14人，硕士生导师20人。

多位教师入选百千万人才工程国家级人选、教育部新世纪人才等各项人才计划。

二、招生信息首都师范大学教育学院博士招生专业有5个：040101 教育学原理研究方向：01 教育基本理论与教育哲学02 教育政治学与教育法学03 教育发展与教育政策分析考试科目：①1001 英语②2036 教育学原理③3171 教育基本理论040102 课程与教学论研究方向：01 教学论02 教科书研究03 课程理论与教师发展考试科目：①1001 英语②2036 教育学原理③3131 课程与教学理论综合040104 比较教育学研究方向：01 科学教育国际比较考试科目：①1001 英语②2036 教育学原理③3213 科学教育040110 教育技术学研究方向：01 智能学习支持环境考试科目：①1001 英语②2036 教育学原理③3178 教学设计方法与技术0401Z1 教师教育研究方向：01 教育哲学与教师教育研究02 学科教育与教师专业发展研究03 小学教师教育研究考试科目：①1001英语或1003俄语②2036 教育学原理③3161 教师教育研究三、报考条件2019年参加普通招考的考生应具备的基本条件为：1、拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正。

教师招聘测试教育学原理试题及答案〔第三套〕填空〔每空0.5分,共15分〕1、?»是教育史上最早的教育专著,约写于中国的战国末年,比欧州昆体良所著的?»约早年.2、美育是形成学生正确的审美观点,培养学生、和的教育.3、对年轻一代教育影响,全面地看,是由、、三方面构成的,教育成效往往是这三方面合力的结果.4、教育是人类社会、普遍的现象.5、构成综合课的根本组成局部有、、、、等五局部.6、班主任与家长联系的方式主要有、、等三种.7、请列举三种中小学常用的教学方法、、.8、教师应具备根本职业道德包括、、和严谨治学,为人师表.9、社会主义学校的德育包括三个组成局部,即教育、教育、教育.10、备课的细节各科教学尽管有所不同,但备课必须都要做好的三方面工作是、、O二、不定项选择〔每题1分,共10分〕1、组织教学是〔〕.A教学过程的根本阶段之一B课的根本组成局部之一C教学工作的根本环节之一2、师范院校开设的公共教育学课程属于〔〕.A学前教育学B普通教育学C高等教育学D职业教育学3、学校工作的全面安排必须以〔〕.A教学为主B教育为主C学习为主D开发智力为主4、遗传素质对人的开展的作用和影响有〔〕.A遗传素质是人的开展的物质前提B遗传素质为人的开展提供了可能C遗传素质决定了人的开展D遗传素质对个体开展的影响随增龄而在总体上呈减弱趋势.5、最早对课堂教学从理论上加以阐述的教育著作是〔〕A斯宾塞的?教育论? B洛克的?教育漫话?C马卡连柯的?教育诗篇?D夸美纽斯的?大教学论?6、课堂教学的辅助形势是〔〕.A现场教学B复式教学C个别教学D分组教学7、教育机智表达了教师劳动的〔〕特点.A复杂性B示范性C创造性D长期性8、在教育过程中,学生是教育的〔〕.A主体B客体C即是主体又是客体D即不是主体也不是客体.9、实行九年制义务教育是为了普及〔〕.A初中教育B小学教育C初等教育D中等教育10、建立和开展良好的师生关系关键在于〔〕.A教师B学生C学校D社会三、判断并改错〔每题2分,共10分〕1、人的全面开展实际上是指身心方面共同、平均的开展.2、德育过程是培养思想品德的过程,所以德育过程即是思想品德形成过程3、教师的责任在于教书育人.4、课外辅导是课堂教学的一种补充形式,但不是上课的继续和简单重复.5、启发式教学是一种具体的教学方法.四、名词解释〔每题3分,共15分〕1、学校教育2、德育过程3、教育目的4、教学大纲5、班级授课制五、简做题〔每题5分,共20分〕1、简答教育与生产力的作用与关系2、教学要完成哪些任务3、教学工作包括哪些根本环节4、德育过程具有哪些特点六、论述题〔22分〕1、结合所学专业谈谈如何上好一节课〔12分〕2、如何熟悉和处理“知、情、意、行〞的关系〔10分〕七、实例分析〔8分〕〔用遗传、环境、教育在人的身心开展中的作用理论分析〕世界著名生物学家达尔文从小被认为智力低下,但剑桥的博物学者汉斯罗在与达尔文的交往中发现他有很强的观察力,于是亲自推荐他作为自然科学工作者参加贝格尔舰的考察航行,后来取得了卓著的成绩.一、填空1、?学记?、?论演说家的教育?、三百年2、感受美、欣赏美、创造美3、家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育4、永恒的5、组织教学、检查复习、讲授新教材、稳固新教材、布置课外作业6、家庭访问、书面联系、家长会7、讲授法、谈话法、演示法、实验法、参观法、练习法〔六种中任三种都为正确〕8、热爱教育事业、热爱学生、热爱教师集体9、政治、思想、道德10、备教材、备学生、备教法二、不定项选择1B 2B 3A 4ABD 5D 6AC 7C 8C 9C 10A三、判断并改错1、错.人的全面开展实际上是指人的身心各方面都得到自由的、充分的、统一的开展.2、错.德育过程是培养思想品德的过程,但德育过程不是思想品德形成过程.3、正确.4、正确.5、错.启发式教学是一种教学指导思想.四、名词解释1、学校教育：是教育者根据一定社会(或阶级)的要求,有目的、有方案、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响,把他们培养成为一定社会(或阶级)所需要的人的社会实践活动.2、德育过程：是教育者根据教育目的要求和教育规律,采用一定方法,有组织、有目的、有方案地启发引导受教育者能动地理解、接受和践行一定社会思想准那么、行为标准,并使其养成相应思想品德的过程.3、教育目的：是指一定社会培养人才的质量规格或标准,是教育活动的出发点和归宿.4、班级授课制：也称课堂教学,是将学生按年龄和知识水平分成有固定人数的教学班, 以班为单位,根据规定的教学内容、教学时间和课程表,分科进行教学的一种组织形式.五、简做题1(1)教育是劳动力再生产的重要手段.(2)教育是科学知识再生产的重要手段.(3)教育是生产新的科学技术的重要手段.(4)教育是科学技术转化为生产力的重要手段.2、(1)传授和学习系统的科学文化根底知识,形成根本技能技巧.(2)开展学生的水平.(3)向学生进行德育和培养其它积极心理品质.3、(1)备课.(2)上课.(3)课外作业和辅导.(4)学习成绩的检查与评定.4、(1)是培养学生思想品德的知、情、意、行的统一开展过程.(2)是组织学生实践活动和交往的过程.(3)是促进学生思想内部矛盾斗争开展的过程.(4)是一个长期的反复的逐步提升的过程.六、论述题1、答案要点(1)具有明确的教学目的.(2)具有正确的教学内容.(3)正确灵活地运用教学方法.(4)综合贯彻教学原那么.(5)充分发挥师生两个积极性.(6)合理有效地限制教学进程.2、答案要点(1)什么是“知、情、意、行〞.知：即思想道德熟悉.情：即思想道德情感.意：即思想道德意志.行：即思想道德行为.(2)正确熟悉和处理四者关系.①知、情、意、行各因素在思想道德开展过程中是相互制约、相互影响的.知为行为和意志自觉性的根底,而知最终必须转化为行,意是克服内外阻力,促进思想品德开展的根本条件.情是伴随知、行、意的内部体验对思想品德的开展起强化和抑制作用.②在学生的思想品德培养过程中,每个因素都可视学生的具体情况和当时教育的要求成为教育的起点,但其结果都应落在意志行动上.七、实例分析提示：达尔文大器晚成的事例, 说明儿童时代智力表现迟钝的人, 只要在后天良好的环境和教育条件下以及个人的主观努力下, 也是可以有成就的.先天的遗传素质仅是给开展提供一种可能性,这种可能性必须在一定的环境和教育的影响下才能转化为现实性.。

2020年首都师范大学教育学考博真题及考博第一名笔记育明教育506大印老师整理2020年5月13日目录一、2020年首都师范大学教育学院考博参考书二、2010-2019年首都师范大学教育学院考博真题及解析三、2020年首都师范大学教育学院博真题预测四、首都师范大学教育学院考博专业课答题技巧【温馨提示】每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。

因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。

切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。

此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。

一、2020年首都师范大学教育学院考博参考书《教育研究导论》，北京师范大学出版社，宁虹《教育学基础》，教育科学出版社《当代教育心理学》，北京师范大学出版社，陈琦、刘儒德《现代教育论》，人民教育出版社，黄济、王策三教育学原理：《教育学基础》（第2版）教育科学出版社十二所重点师范合编；《教育学》人民教育出版社王道俊、郭文安；教育心理学：专业课辅导咨询宋老师微信：150-****1352《当代教育心理学》北师大出版社陈琦、刘儒德；中外教育史：《中国教育史》华东师范大学出版社孙培青；《外国教育史教程》人民教育出版社吴式颖；教育研究方法：《教育研究方法导论》安徽教育出版社裴娣娜；《教育研究导论》北京师范大学出版社，宁虹主编；二、2021年首都师范大学教育学院考博笔记（2019年育明学员第一名整理）试题题型学校考试年份三舍法陕西师大2016华东师大2015山东师大2015湖南师大2014北京师大2013朱子读书法陕西师大2017东北师大2015华南师大2014山东师大2013福建师大2013西北师大2012监生历事浙江师大2011/2013/2017湖南师大2011山东师大2017名词解释苏湖教法(分斋教学法)华东师大2016中山大学2016浙江师大2016西北师大2015湖南师2012/2015北京师大2014福建师大2014陕西师大2013致良知华东师大2017山东师大2016首都师大2010书院东北师大2017曲阜师大2016南京师大2015简述《白鹿洞书院揭示》的教育宗旨简答杭州师大2017华东师2014西北师大2013简述东林书院的讲学制度福建师大2016简述朱熹的道德教育方法陕西师大2011简述中国古代蒙养教材的种类及编写特点东北师大2016简述书院教育的特点及意义辽宁师大2017杭州师大2011简述朱子读书法及其现代价值华东师大2016/2017列举中国教育史上五所著名的书院上海师大2017简述古代书院的萌芽及其原因宁波大学2017论述北宋时期的三次兴学及其结果论述山东师大2013福建师大2010书院产生的条件有哪些?它有什么特点华东师大2012华南师大2012西南大学2010论述中国书院教育的发展过程及特点华中师大2017论述“朱子读书法”及其当代意义北京师大2017华东师大2016华中师大2010/2013试评述王守仁的教育思想江西师大2017北京师大2016试以白鹿洞书院为例，分析我国书院教育的宗旨、特点与意义华东师大2013简述《白鹿洞书院揭示》的教育宗旨华东师大2014朱子读书法的内容和要点?当代社会快餐文化，两者之间有何关系陕西师大2019早期启蒙教育思想一、倡导新的教育主张（一）理学教育思想的批判明末清初，随着进步思潮的诞生和发展，思想家们对传统的理学教育思想进行了批判。