2016年上外MTI最全真题汇总首发(三科全有!!)

2016年上海外国语大学专业学位英语口译/笔译初试英语翻译基础（100分）12月26日14:00—17:00I. Cloze. (共15个空，一空两分，共30分)卷子上的标题是Here’s why the “American century” will survive rise of ChinaThe American century will survive the rise of ChinaJoseph Nye March 25, 2015Entropy is a greater challenge than Chinese growth, writes Joseph NyeIn 1941 Time editor Henry Luce proclaimed “the American century”. Some now see this coming to an end as 1. a result of the nation’s economic and political decline. Many point to the example of US failure to convince its allies to stay out of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Beijing’s rival to the World Bank; but this was 2.more an example of a faulty decision than evidence of decline, which raises the question of what is the natural life cycle of a nation.A century is generally the limit for a human organism but countries are social constructs. Rome did not collapse until more than three centuries after it reached its apogee of power in 117AD. After American independence in 1776 Horace Walpole, the British politician, lamented that his nation had been reduced to the level of Sardinia, just as Britain was about to enter the industrial revolution that 3. powered its second century as a global power.Any effort at assessing American power in the coming decades should 4. take into account how many earlier efforts have been wide of the mark. It is chastening to remember how wildly 5. exaggerated US estimates of Soviet power in the 1970s and of Japanese power in the 1980s were. Today some see the Chinese as 10ft tall and proclaim this “the Chinese century”.China’s size and relatively rapid economic growth will bring it closer to the US in terms of its power resources in the next few decades. But this does not necessarily mean it will surpass the US in military, economic and soft power.6. Even if China suffers no big domestic political setback, many projections are simple linear extrapolations of growth rates that are likely to slow in the future.7.Moreover, economic projections are one dimensional. They ignore US military and soft power advantages, such as the desire of students around the world to attend US universities. They also overlook China’s geopolitical 8. dis-advantages in the Asian balance of power, compared with America’s relations with Europe, Japan and India, which are likely to remain more favourable.It is not impossible that a challenger such as China, Europe, Russia, India or Brazil will surpass the US in the first half of this century but it is but not likely.On the question of absolute rather than 9. relative American decline, the US faces serious problems in areas such as debt, secondary education, income in?equality and political gridlock but these are only part of the picture. On the positive side of the ledger are favourable trends in demography, technology and energy as well as abiding factors such as geography and entrepreneurial culture.The scenarios that could 10. precipitate decline include ones in which the US overreacts to terrorist attacks by turning inwards and thus cuts itself off from the strength it obtains from openness. Alternatively it could react by overcommitting itself, and wasting blood and treasure as it did in Vietnam and Iraq.As an overall assessment, describing the 21st century as one of American decline is inaccurate and misleading. Though the US has problems it is not in absolute decline, unlike ancient Rome, and it is likely to remain more powerful than any single state in coming decades.The real problem is not that it will be overtaken by China or another contender but rather that it faces a rise in the power resources of many others—both states and non-state actors such as transnational corporations, terrorist groups and cyber criminals. And it will face an increasing number of global problems that will 11. call on our ability to organise alliances and networks.12. Contrary to the views of those who proclaim this the Chinese century, we have not entered a post-American world. But the American century of the future will not look the same as in previous decades. The US 13. share of the world economy will be smaller than it was in the middle of the past century.Furthermore, the complexity created by the rise of other countries, as well as the increased role of non-state actors, will make it harder for even America, the biggest power, to 14. wield influence and organise action. Entropy is a greater challenge than China.At the same time, even when the US had its greatest preponderance of power resources, it often failed to secure what it wanted. Those who argue that the disorder of today’s world is much worse than in the past should remember a year such as 1956,when the US was unable to prevent Soviet 15. repression of a revolt in Hungary; orthe Suez invasion by our allies Britain, France and Israel.We must not view the past through rose-tinted glasses. Now, with slightly less preponderance and a much more complex world, the American century will continue for at least a few decades, but it will look very different from when Luce first articulated it.中国崛起能终结美国世纪吗？美国哈佛大学教授约瑟夫-奈为英国《金融时报》撰稿1941年，《时代》杂志(Time)主编亨利-卢斯(Henry Luce)宣称，“美国世纪”已经来临。

为学生引路，为学员服务第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年上海外国语大学汉硕考研真题分析凯程首发2016年汉语国际教育硕士考研已经结束，凯程教研室的老师经过认真的对比给大家分析出今年的考研真题，供2016年和2017年汉语国际教育考研的同学参考! 上海外国语大学今年的题目比较客观，基本和大纲样卷一致。

一、凯程教育分值题型分析分值比例：专业一 九个大题。

汉语基础知识：填空20小题共30分，判断20小题共20分，选择30小题共30分。

汉语能力题：语音能力2小题共10分，汉字能力2小题共10分，文言文(加标点、填空)共10分。

汉语言分析：词语辨析2题10分，修改病句5题10分，分析说明4题20分。

专业二 八个大题 中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识：填空15题30分，判断15题15分，选择20题20分，简答2题15分;教育学心理学及语言教学基础知识：填空题10题10分，判断10题10分，选择10题10分，案例分析40分。

二、凯程教育综合真题分析专业一部分，共九道题目，主要考察现代汉语和部分古代汉语知识。

前三题是填空、判断和选择题，总共有70个小题，共80分，主要考察现代汉语基础知识和古代汉语基础知识，比如填空题：汉语有(七)个方言区，苏州话属于(吴)方言区;关联词“况且”用于(递进)关系的复句;选择题：“蛇行”一词的构词方式(C)(A 主谓式、B 补充式、C 偏正式、D 单纯词)。

应用分析部分都是常规的语音(给汉字写拼音、改正错音等)、汉字能力题(改错别字、笔顺笔画)，古代汉语和大纲样卷基本一致，就是考察加标点和解释词语意思、词语用法，翻译等。

修改病句有5个题目，改正并说明理由，很基础。

最后一道分析说明题有四个小题，主要考察对“了”、补语类型、离合词等语法的分析理解，需要牢固的基础知识和运用分析能力。

专业二部分的题目也是很客观的，共八道大题，中外文化部分的题型分别是填空、判断、选择、简答四类;教育、心理及对外汉语教学部分的题型分别是填空、判断和选择及案例分析。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试语言战略与语言政策学专业普通语言学基础试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共2页）一、名词解释（每小题4分，共40分）1.他源文字2.地域方言3.语流音变4.聚合关系5.概念意义6.谱系分类7.语义场8.语言联盟9.语法化10.非音质音位二、问答题（每小题10分，共50分）1.人类语言符号与其他动物“语言”的本质区别有哪些？2.言语行为的环节和类型有哪些？请举例说明。

3.常见的语法范畴有哪些？请举例说明。

4.句义的蕴含与预设有何区别？请举例说明。

5.世界语是如何构成的？你认为此类人工语言会取代自然语言吗？三、论述题（每小题15分，共60分）1．美国语言哲学家格赖斯(H. P. Grice)在Logic and Conversation一文中提出了会话中的“合作原则”第1页共2页(Cooperative Principle简称CP)，即要求每一个交谈参与者在交谈过程中所说的话符合交谈目标或方向，以使得语言交际有意义。

请运用具体实例说明该原则所包含的四个准则，并对该理论进行评判。

2.在论述语言与思维关系的观点中，最有代表性的为萨丕尔——沃尔夫（Sapir-Whorf）假说。

该假说有强式说和弱式说两种，即语言决定论（Linguistic Determinism）和语言相对论（Linguistic Relativism）,请运用实例予以评价分析。

3.无论在汉语还是英语的书面语中，均存在歧义句现象，即句子表达形式相同，但意义不同。

请分析下列句子，阐述歧义产生的原因，并提出消解歧义的方法。

例1：Kevin broke the record.例2：我在书房发现了小偷。

例3：鸡不吃了。

4.以韩礼德（M.A.K.Halliday）为代表的系统功能语言学（Systematic-Functional Linguistics）的核心观点有哪些？有学者认为可以将其应用到语言教学、文体学、翻译学、人工智能等方面，你是否认同？请予以分析。

一、翻译硕士英语（211）1.选择题（20*1')考单词为主，后面有几道语法。

单词以专八词汇为主，少量的gre词汇。

2.阅读（20*1'）四篇阅读，个人觉得很简单，文章很短，只有一面的长度吧，用专八阅读练习足够了。

3.改错（10*1'）比专八改错简单、前几年考的是修辞和英美文化常识、或古希腊神话典故。

4.作文（50分，500字）谈谈你对happiness的定义。

二、英语翻译基础（357）1.英译汉（75分）该部分选取的是卢梭的《爱弥儿》（Emile, or On Education）部分文章，主要选自《爱弥儿》第三卷第一节。

全文1000多字，共11段，但题目只要求翻译划线部分，总计翻译872字，共6段。

完整原文如下：The whole course of man's life up to adolescence is a period of weakness; yet there comes a time during these early years when the child's strength overtakes the demands upon it, when the growing creature, though absolutely weak, is relatively strong. His needs are not fully developed and his present strength is more than enough for them. He would be a very feeble man, but he is a strong child.What is the cause of man's weakness? It is to be found in the disproportion between his strength and his desires. It is our passions that make us weak, for our natural strength is not enough for their satisfaction. To limit our desires comes to the same thing, therefore, as to increase our strength. When we can do more than we want, we have strength enough and to spare, we are really strong. This is the third stage of childhood, the stage with which I am about to deal. I still speak of childhood for want of a better word; for our scholar is approaching adolescence, though he has not yet reached the age of puberty.About twelve or thirteen the child's strength increases far more rapidly than his needs. The strongest and fiercest of the passions is still unknown, his physical development is still imperfect and seems to await the call of the will. He is scarcely aware of extremes of heat and cold and braves them with impunity. He needs no coat, his blood is warm; no spices, hunger is his sauce, no food comes amiss at this age; if he is sleepy he stretches himself on the ground and goes to sleep; he finds all he needs within his reach; he is not tormented by any imaginary wants; he cares nothing what others think; his desires are not beyond his grasp; not only is he self-sufficing, but for the first and last time in his life he has more strength than he needs.I know beforehand what you will say. You will not assert that the child has more needs than I attribute to him, but you will deny his strength. You forget that I am speaking of my own pupil, not of those puppets who walk with difficulty from one room to another, who toil indoors and carry bundles of paper. Manly strength, you say, appears only with manhood; the vital spirits, distilled in their proper vessels and spreading through the whole body, can alone make the muscles firm, sensitive, tense, and springy, can alone cause real strength. This is the philosophy of the study;I appeal to that of experience. In the country districts, I see big lads hoeing, digging, guiding the plough, filling the wine-cask, driving the cart, like their fathers; you would take them for grown men if their voices did not betray them. Even in our towns, iron-workers', tool makers', and blacksmiths' lads are almost as strong as their masters and would be scarcely less skilful had their training begun earlier. If there is a difference, and I do not deny that there is, it is, I repeat, much less than the difference between the stormy passions of the man and the few wants of the child. Moreover, it is not merely a question of bodily strength, but more especially of strength of mind, which reinforces and directs the bodily strength.This interval in which the strength of the individual is in excess of his wants is, as I have said, relatively though not absolutely the time of greatest strength. It is the most precious time in his life; it comes but once; it is very short, all too short, as you will see when you consider the importance of using it aright.He has, therefore, a surplus of strength and capacity which he will never have again. What use shall he make of it? He will strive to use it in tasks which will help at need. He will, so to speak, cast his present surplus into the storehouse of the future; the vigorous child will make provision for the feeble man; but he will not store his goods where thieves may break in, nor in barns which are not his own. To store them aright, they must be in the hands and the head, they must be stored within himself. This is the time for work, instruction, and inquiry. And note that this is no arbitrary choice of mine, it is the way of nature herself.Human intelligence is finite, and not only can no man know everything, he cannot even acquire all the scanty knowledge of others. Since the contrary of every false proposition is a truth, there are as many truths as falsehoods. We must, therefore, choose what to teach as well as when to teach it. Some of the information within our reach is false, some is useless, some merely serves to puff up its possessor. The small store which really contributes to our welfare alone deserves the study of a wise man, and therefore of a child whom one would have wise. He must know not merely what is, but what is useful.From this small stock we must also deduct those truths which require a full grown mind for their understanding, those which suppose a knowledge of man's relations to his fellow-men--a knowledge which no child can acquire; these things, although in themselves true, lead an inexperienced mind into mistakes with regard to other matters.We are now confined to a circle, small indeed compared with the whole of human thought, but this circle is still a vast sphere when measured by the child's mind. Dark places of the human understanding, what rash hand shall dare to raise your veil? What pitfalls does our so-called science prepare for the miserable child. Would you guide him along this dangerous path and draw the veil from the face of nature? Stay your hand. First make sure that neither he nor you will become dizzy. Beware of the specious charms of error and the intoxicating fumes of pride. Keep this truth ever before you--Ignorance never did any one any harm, error alone is fatal, and we do not lose our way through ignorance but through self-confidence.His progress in geometry may serve as a test and a true measure of the growth of his intelligence, but as soon as he can distinguish between what is useful and what is useless, much skill and discretion are required to lead him towards theoretical studies. For example, would you have him find a mean proportional between two lines, contrive that he should require to find a square equal to a given rectangle; if two mean proportionals are required, you must first contrive to interest him in the doubling of the cube. See how we are gradually approaching the moral ideas which distinguish between good and evil. Hitherto we have known no law but necessity, now we are considering what is useful; we shall soon come to what is fitting and right.Man's diverse powers are stirred by the same instinct. The bodily activity, which seeks an outlet for its energies, is succeeded by the mental activity which seeks for knowledge. Children are first restless, then curious; and this curiosity, rightly directed, is the means of development for the age with which we are dealing. Always distinguish between natural and acquired tendencies. There is a zeal for learning which has no other foundation than a wish to appear learned, and there is another which springs from man's natural curiosity about all things far or near which may affect himself. The innate desire for comfort and the impossibility of its complete satisfaction impel him to the endless search for fresh means of contributing to its satisfaction. This is the first principle of curiosity;a principle natural to the human heart, though its growth is proportional to the development of our feeling and knowledge. If a man of science were left on a desert island with his books and instruments and knowing that he must spend the rest of his life there, he would scarcely trouble himself about the solar system, the laws of attraction, or the differential calculus. He might never even open a book again; but he would never rest till he had explored the furthest corner of his island, however large it might be. Let us therefore omit from our early studies such knowledge as has no natural attraction for us, and confine ourselves to such things as instinct impels us to study.2.汉译英（75分）2016年11月5日，上海外国语大学首届“中国学的国际对话：方法与体系”国际研讨会在虹口校区高翻学院同传室拉开帷幕，本次学术研讨会由上外主办，中国学研究所协同国际关系与公共事务学院、高级翻译学院联合承办，欧盟研究中心、俄罗斯研究中心、英国研究中心、中日韩合作研究中心以及马克思主义学院共同参与。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试外国语言学及应用语言学专业外国语言学与应用语言学理论试题（考试时间 180分钟，满分150分，共2页）一、汉语部分，中文作答（共 105分）Ⅰ.术语解释（5×3=15）本部分为5个语言学术语，请解释其定义及含义，必要时可举例说明。

1.波形理论2.皮钦语3.语料库4.音位理论5.元语言功能Ⅱ.问答题（6×15=90）本部分为6道问答题，请就所给的问题做简短回答，有必要时请具体举例说明。

1.请简述双语现象和双语制问题，说明双语几个分类标准。

2.请说明什么是宏观语言学及其分类，必要时可以列举其代表。

3.请简要介绍英国语言学家韩礼德的语言学理论的主要内容。

4.请简要介绍转换生成语法及其在语言教学上的应用价值。

5.请简要介绍美国语言学家萨丕尔的语言学思想及其现实意义。

6.如何理解“语言是符号系统，这概括了语言本身的性质和特点”第1页共2页这句话?请举例说明。

二、英文部分，英文作答。

（15×3=45）1. What is structuralism?2. What is language planning?3. What is interlanguage?4. What is lingua franca?5. What are adjacency pairs?6. What is code-switching?7. What is linguistic determinism?8. What is diglossia?9. What is metonymy?10. What is language maintenance?11. What is hypercorrection?12. What is semantic field?13. What is displacement?14. What is elision?15. What is the “critical period”?第2页共2页。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试比较文学与世界文学专业比较文学基础理论与汉外互译试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共2页）一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1.总体文学2.影响研究3.主题学4.套话5.接受研究6.比较文学的三个学派二、论述题（每题20分，共60分，其中3、4题任选一题）1.举例说明文化误读的利和弊。

2.论述跨学科研究，举例说明。

3.论述诗学与比较诗学的关系及其意义。

4.论述形象学及其与影响研究的关系。

三、汉外互译1.英译汉（30分）She philosophically noted dates as they came past in therevolution of the year; the disastrous night of her undoing atTrantridge（地名）with its dark background of The Chase（猎苑）; also the dates of the baby’s birth and death; also her ownbirthday; and every other day individualized by incidents inwhich she had taken some share; She suddenly thought oneafternoon, when looking in the glass at her fairness, that therewas yet another date, of greater importance to her than those;that of her own death, when all these charms would havedisappeared; a day which lay sly and unseen among all theother days of the year, giving no sign or sound when sheannually passed over it; but no the less surely there; When wasit? Why did she not feel the chill of each yearly encounter with第1页共2页such a cold relation? She had Jeremy Taylor’s（注：杰里米﹒泰勒（1613—1667），英国神学家）thought that some time in the future those who had known her would say: “It is the –th, the day that poor Tess Durbeyfield died”; and there would be nothing singular to their minds in the statement. Of that day, doomed to be her terminus in time through all the ages, she did not know the place in month, week, season, or year.2.汉译英（30分）我们家的后园有半亩空地，母亲说：“让它荒着怪可惜的，你们那么爱吃花生，就开辟出来种花生吧。

2016上海外国语大学英语语言文学真题先说二外德语，首先是40道选择题，个人感觉和往年真题考的点差不多，主要有常用动词的考法，介词搭配，物主代词和形容词的变格，还有两道谚语题，aller Anfang ist schwer和kein Schmerz， kein Gewinn。

第二大题是选词填空，给出10个单词，大概讲的是上班族因为市中心房价太高，选择远离市中心，每天乘不同的交通工具上班，不是很难。

阅读大意是美国的一项调查，造纸业是能量消耗最高的产业之一，两个阶段人类的耗纸量，和钢铁行业能量消耗的比较，不同国家的耗纸量，德国对纸的回收。

答案都可以在原文中找到，有些选项会变换句型。

翻译大概是人们信件过时了，电子邮件更受年轻人的欢迎，但是信件也有优点。

哪些优点记不清了，感觉挺简单的。

作文是你会选择的职业，你选择的原因，这个职业有哪些优缺点，以及你怎样解决缺点。

语法我用的是标准德语语法——精解与练习，一本书做下来，语法绝对没问题。

词汇大学德语一就足够了。

英语综合，15道选择题，有词汇，文学，语言学的题，只记得一个问题问哪个是意识流的作家，答案是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫。

完形填空我觉得最耗时间也最难，30题15分，我直接放弃了。

阅读八篇，有长有短，有些题目的答案原文是没有的，比如问这两个人出自哪本书，所以一些常识和文学知识还是要积累的。

第一篇考亚里士多德逻辑，很短的文章，有一个题问苏格拉底，柏拉图和亚里士多德之间的师生关系，考的是常识，原文没答案。

接下来五篇就考文学，有英国文学，美国文学和文学批评，题型主要考词的转换，句子的转换，文章结构关系，作者的态度。

第七篇也很短，考建筑的承力，原文直接有答案。

第八篇是一篇长文，讲的是1820年到1900年之间美国经济的迅速发展带来的影响，难度大约为英语六级。

阅读40题占40分，我觉得不应该耗费太多时间，决不能超过一个小时，我用了50分钟。

最后是作文，小作文“The World Awaits me”，叙述文，250词。

16年考研详解与指导350、中国文学史上第一篇用现代体式创作的白话小说------狂人日记-----选自呐喊。

351、中国几千年文学史上第一个真正把笔深入到不幸的农民和底层知识分子灵魂世界的作家一---鲁迅_提出改造国民性的主题。

352、鲁迅小说中最著名的一篇------阿q正传。

353、阿q-—---中国现代文学中最成功的艺术典型。

354、新文学史上最有成就的教育小说家-----叶绍钧（叶圣陶)。

355、叶圣陶一---长篇小说《倪焕之》，中国现代文学史上最早写童话的作家。

356、现代小诗的最佳之作-----冰心的诗集繁星、春水。

357、冰心作品的思想内核-----爱的哲学。

358、冰心-----被誉为“美文”的代表。

359、中国现代抒情小说的最初形式-----自叙传抒情小说。

360、20年代初小说创作的三大潮流-----问题小说、自叙传抒情小说、乡土小说。

361、创造社发起人和最主要的成员-----郭沫若。

362、中国现代新诗的奠基之作-----女神。

363、郭沫若-----继鲁迅之后，我国文化战线上又一面光辉的旗帜。

364、女神中最具代表性的是诗篇-----凤凰涅槃。

365、新月派的代表人物-----徐志摩、闻一多、朱湘、胡也频等。

366、诗集翡冷翠的一夜、猛虎集的作者----徐志摩367、闻一多第一部诗集-----红烛。

368、闻一多之后的代表作-----死水。

369、新月派的真正代表诗人-----徐志摩。

370、新月派前期的主要代表人物有-----闻一多和徐志摩。

371、五四时期出版的中国第一部新诗集-----郭沫若的女神。

372、中国现代文学史上大量尝试散文诗创作的第一人-----鲁迅----散文诗代表作是野草。

373、鲁迅睢一的一本散文诗集-----野草。

374、周作人-----其早期散文分别收入自己的园地、雨天的书、谈龙集、谈虎集。

375、在20年代的戏剧创作中成绩最为显著的是----田汶-----创造社最重要的剧作家。

2016年华东师范大学外语学院MTI英语考研真题（完整版）凯程首发刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!448汉语写作与百科知识150'第一部分50’一、布克奖1、《辛德勒的名单》作者肯尼利是哪国人？2’2、《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》英文名2’3、列举一位获得美国普利策奖的作家2’4、布克奖的英文名称，简述布克奖的评奖特点4’二、抗战文学1、简介福克纳身份，列举一部其代表作2’2、常德会战后的著名纪实文学作品及其作者2’3、以一部你认为优秀的抗战文学作品为例，说明你对阅读抗战文学作品的期待6’三、1971年后美元货币体系1、1971年发生了什么？（美元货币体系）5‘2、解释通货膨胀，消费者最能直观感受到通货膨胀的指数是什么？5‘3、货币/纸币不等于财富的原因是什么？5‘四、屠呦呦1、“单方”2’2、“验方”2’3、“效价”2’4、屠呦呦具体受到《肘后备急方》“青蒿一握，水一升渍，绞取汁尽服之”的什么启发？9’第二部分40’应用文写作2015年是中日甲午战争黄海海战121周年，新发现了一个磁盘，加上此前发现的格林炮，确认“丹东一号”为北洋舰队的“致远舰”。

列了6附图片，致远舰的最后一刻，邓世昌，瓷盘，瓷盘修复后的图片（有铭文和英文“the imperial Chinese navy, Chih Yuan”），篆刻的印章（军舰官兵习作，写有“白云仙鹤”），以及格林炮。

要求：写500-550字的说明文，说明“致远舰”的身份确认过程1、标题概括有力2、逻辑清晰，重点突出3、利用图片，说明细节4、说明官兵精神风貌第三部分大作文800字60’“陈蔡之厄”孔子与子路对话，“仁”“智”不能保我们行运亨通，他们断粮七日的绝境并非他们所行的“君子之道”。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试英汉互译真题回忆版一、英译汉选自伊莎多拉•邓肯的自传My LifeISADORA DUNCAN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY:CHAPTER ONEThe character of a child is already plain,even in its mother’s womb.Before I was born my mother was in great agony of spirit and in a tragic situation.She could take no food except iced oysters and iced champagne.If people ask me when I began to dance I reply,“In my mother’s womb,probably as a result of the oysters and champagne—the food of Aphrodite.”My mother was going through such a tragic experience at this time that she often said,“This child that will be born will surely not be normal,”and she expected a monster. And in fact from the moment I was born it seemed that I began to agitate my arms and legs in such a fury that my mother cried,“You see I was quite right,the child is a maniac!”But later on,placed in a baby jumper in the center of the table I was the amusement of the entire family and friends,dancing to any music that was played. My first memory is of a fire.I remember being thrown into the arms of a policeman from an upper window.I must have been about two or three years old,but I distinctly remember the comforting feeling,among all the excitement—the screams and the flames—of the security of the policeman and my little arms round his neck.He must have been an Irishman.I hear my mother cry in frenzy,“My boys,my boys,”and see her held back by the crowd from entering the building in which she imagined my two brothers had been left.Afterwards I remember finding the two boys sitting on the floor of a bar-room,putting on their shoes and stockings,and then the inside of a carriage,and then sitting on a counter drinking hot chocolate.I was born by the sea,and I have noticed that all the great events of my life have taken place by the sea.My first idea of movement,of the dance,certainly came from the rhythm of the waves.I was born under the star of Aphrodite,Aphrodite who was also born on the sea,and when her star is in the ascendant,events are always propitious to me.At these epochs life flows lightly and I am able to create.I have also noticed that the disappearance of this star is usually followed by disaster for me.The science of astrology has not perhaps the importance to-day that it had in the time of the ancient Egyptians or of the Chaldeans,but it is certain that our psychic life is under the influence of the planets,and if parents understood this they would study the stars in the creation of more beautiful children.I believe,too,that it must make a great difference to a child’s life whether it is born by the sea or in the mountains.The sea has always drawn me to it,whereas in the mountains I have a vague feeling of discomfort and a desire to fly.They always give me an impression of being a prisoner to the earth.Looking up at their tops,I do not feel the admiration of the general tourist,but only a desire to leap over them and escape.My life and my art were born of the sea.I have to be thankful that when we were young my mother was poor.She could not afford servants or governesses for her children,and it is to this fact that I owe the spontaneous life which I had the opportunity to express as a child and never lost.My mother was a musician and taught music for a living and as she gave her lessons at the houses of her pupils she was away from home all day and for many hours in the evening.When I could escape from the prison of school,I was free.I could wander alone by the sea and follow my own fantasies.How I pity the children I see constantly attended by nurses and governesses,constantly protected and taken care of and smartly dressed.What chance of life have they?My mother was too busy to think of any dangers which might befall her children,and therefore my two brothers and I were free to follow our own vagabond impulses,which sometimes led us into adventures which,had our mother known of them,would have driven her wild with anxiety.Fortunately she was blissfully unconscious.I say fortunately for me,for it is certainly to this wild untrammeled life of my childhood that I owe the inspiration of the dance I created,which was but the expression of freedom.I was never subjectedto the continual“don’ts”which it seems to me make children’s lives a misery.二、汉译英林语堂的《秋天的况味》秋天的黄昏，一人独坐在沙发上抽烟，看烟头白灰之下露出红光，微微透露出暖气，心头的情绪便跟着那蓝烟缭绕而上，一样的轻松，一样的自由。

上海外国语大学考研2016年语言学概论真题回忆版一、名词解释（20*2’）1、语言符号的线条性2、聚合关系3、语法意义4、语言类型分类5、文字类型分类6、语义7、结构语言学8、转换生成语法9、语流音变10、义素分析法11、语体12、异根13、派生词14、直接成分分析法15、语言和言语16、语义场17、历史比较法18、音位19、熟语20、语言的规范化二、多项选择（10*2’）1.汉语一个音节可以有个音素。

a.1b.2c.3d.4e.52.就语言的共同来源而言,__同属一个语族。

a.汉语和日语b.法语和意大利语c.西班牙语和希腊语d.英语和德语3.属于言语修养的标准。

a.逻辑性b.含蓄性c.健康性d.浅显性4.Books和Rooms；write和right涉及到下列拼写法原则。

a.语音原则b.形态音位原则c.历史传统原则d.辨义原则5.历史比较语言学的代表人物是。

a.葆朴b拉斯克c哈利迪d沃斯托克夫6.汉语体范畴包括。

a.进行体b.完成体c.短暂体d.未然体7.下列语言属于分析语的是。

a汉语b意大利语c英语d法语8.下列属于符号的是。

a信号灯b旗语c上课铃d盲文9.科技术语的特点是。

a单义性b描述性c体系性d理据性10.下列语言有声调的有。

a古梵语b景颇语c泰语d韩语三、填空(20分)1.思维规律是全人类的，而语言规律具有特点。

2.仿词的涌现，是规律起作用的结果。

试举一例。

3.是语言分化的主要原因。

4.汉语语音体系中和是音节的必要组成成分。

5.根据语言功能特征的分类，普通话属于标准语，解放前上海使用的洋泾浜语是。

6.符号学术语semantics、pragmatics、syntactic分别相当于语言学中的__、__、__。

其中,__专门研究语言单位同交际主体之间的关系。

7.我国第一部语义词典是；杨雄的《方言》提出了的概念；是中国古代第一部系统分析字形和考证字源的字书。

8.stood中的“t”是发生了音变。

2016年上海大学翻译硕士（英语）翻译基础考研真题（完整版）凯程首发2016年上海大学MTI英语翻译基础考研真题（完整版）凯程首发刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。

考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。

如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。

下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!上大今年的英语翻译基础第一道大题继去年没考热词，今年又没出词汇翻译，而是继续考察翻译家理论，一篇汉英,一篇英汉,外加一首短诗。

一,问答题(30\')1，写出你熟悉的两位翻译家及其代表翻译理论并做比较分析2，写出你熟悉的两位现代文学翻译家及其代表作，并阐述下各自的翻译理念。

二,汉英互译1，汉译英，今年的上大汉译英尽然没有考政府报告公文类的翻译，考得是文学翻译，虽然上大参考书目有张培基散文选，但之前考察是以政论文为主的，楼主散文只练了几篇，主题围绕“保守文学”和“激进文学”展开，具体内容记不大清楚了，个人认为有难度不好翻，句子比较绕口。

后续找到原文再上传给大家吧。

2，英译汉，英汉翻译比较简单大约七段左右，之前以为翻译时间会很赶，不过还好相对充足。

3，短诗翻译，前几年考过今年又出现了，短小精悍容易理解，主要考察文采押韵，反应原作风格吧。

下面把这两部分的原文附给大家，大家感受一下。

英译中：It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake.He had already passed sixty and brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant and his heart sorrowful.The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads- one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and filled with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and devils and poisonous snake hissed ( 发嘶嘶声) and crawled (爬, 爬行).He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret like a sharp arrow struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood. But they had made their way to success and were now honoured and happy on this night.The high church clock struck and the sound made him remember his parents’early love for him. They had taught him and prayed for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days!”His youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunnyland.Those who still wander on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble (绊脚) on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain（徒劳）: “Oh youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”诗歌翻译：life(unknown)Life can be good,Life can be bad,Life is mostly cheerful,But sometimes sad.Life can be dreams,Life can be great thoughts;Life can mean a person,Sitting in court.Life can be dirty,Life can even be painful;But life is what you make it,So try to make it beautiful!。

上海外国语大学考研语言与社会文化综合真题2016上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试语言战略与语言政策学专业语言与社会文化综合试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共11页）一、请用中文完成这部分试题（105分）1.“文字就是语言，语言就是文字”这句话对吗？请简述你的理由。

（20分）2.人们对语言的理解有很多种，请阅读下面的这些定义，然后归纳出人们的语言观可以分成哪几大类，请给每一种类型做一两句话的总结，说明你分类的依据是什么。

最后，请你谈谈自己赞同哪一种语言观，并举例说明为什么。

（45分）[1]列宁：“语言是最重要的人类交际工具。

”[2]张世禄：“语言是用声音来表达思想的。

语言有两方面，思想是它的内容，声音是它的外形；人类所以需要语言，因为有了思想，不能不把它表达出来。

这是根据人类的表现性的。

”[3]吕叔湘：“语言是什么?就是我们嘴里说的话……说话的效用受两种限制，空间和时间。

这两种限制都可以拿文字来突破……”[4]王力：“什么是语言?语言是表达思想或情感的工具。

……人类最普通的语言是用口说的，可以称为口语，也就是狭义的语言。

口语虽然便利，但是不能传远或传久，于是开化的或半开化的民族又创造文字来代替口语。

文字也是语言的一种，可称为书写的语言，或文语。

”[5]倪海曙：“我们平常口头上所说的语言或言语，都是口头上流思想，达到相互了解。

”[7]高名凯、石安石：“从语言本身的结构来说，语言是由词汇和语法构成的系统……这个系统中的每个成分即每个语言成分都是由声音和意义两个方面构成的。

”“就语言的基本职能来说，语言首先是交际工具……而且是思维工具。

”[8]赵元任：“语言是人跟人互通信息，用发音器官发出来的、成系统的行为方式。

”[9]北京大学《语言学纲要》教材：“语言是人类最重要的交际工具。

……语言是思维工具，也是认识成果的贮存所。

”[10]王希杰：“语言是一种社会现象……语言区别于其他社会现象的专门的特点是：（1）它是作为人们交际的工具、作为人们交流思想的工具来为社会服务的；（2）它是作为人们的思维工具来为社会服务的。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试日汉互译试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共3页）一、将下列日语文章翻译成中文。

（30）日本は戦後70年の節目を「戦後レジームからの脱却」を掲げる安倍晋三政権下で迎えた。

だが戦後レジームからの脱却とは名ばかりで、安倍政権の行動はその正反対に映る。

冷戦の中で成立し、機能してきた戦後レジームは、冷戦終結から25年を経て崩壊しかけている。

それを何が何でも死守しようとするあまり、実質的な改憲を閣議決定によって行おうとするなど、強引な手段に訴えるようになっている。

真の意味で戦後レジームから脱却するために必要なのは、「民主主義革命」であると考える。

戦後民主主義は、連合国軍総司令部（ＧＨＱ）が先頭に立った外科手術的改革によって成立した。

日本の民主主義は敗戦の結果によってもたらされた。

だがその戦後民主主義に相当な無理があったことが露呈してきた。

顕著な例が自民党議員の勉強会「文化芸術懇話会」における、経団連を使って批判的なマスコミを懲らしめるべきとの発言だ。

この発言は言論や報道の自由への露骨な抑圧であり、要するに民主主義の破壊である。

昨年６月に東京都議会で問題になった女性蔑視のやじも同様だ。

人権侵害を含む内容であったにもかかわらず、実質的に誰も処分されていない。

女性参政権もＧＨＱの改革によって確立したことを思えば、「占領政策の結果なんてものは無効にしてしまえ」という流れの一つであることがわかる。

（白井聡「ほころび始めた戦後民主主義」より）二、将下列日语文章翻译成中文。

（40）最近、廊下の電灯と寝ている部屋の隣の居間の常夜灯を消して寝るようになった。

常夜灯というのは丸型の蛍光灯の真ん中いうと、猫がいるからで、「夜中に家の中を猫がうろうろ歩き回るときに真っ暗だとかわいそうだ。

」と思ったのがきっかけになったか、引っ越してきて今も家の構造にまで慣れないころにつけていたのがそのまま習慣になってしまったのかどちらかだと思う。

2010—2014年上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士（MTI）考研真题
翻译硕士英语 2010—2013
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2015年翻译硕士考研之翻译硕士真题清单
你来到这里后面会定期的指导你进行翻译硕士考研备考，包括翻译硕士考研的择校，翻译硕士考研励志，翻译硕士考研各科各个题型的复习备考技巧，等等
2015年选择了翻译硕士考研
我们就选择了坚持！！
2015年翻译硕士考研进入正式的复习备考阶段了，就不能再等了@@！！翻译硕士的考研是需要有一个复习备考的过程的！在别人正在努力的时候，你在诳街；在别人有目标的时候，你还没有目标；在别人开始复习的时候，你还没有进行.那么最后考上的，不可能是你！！！
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上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试德汉互译试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共3页）第一部分：德译汉（75分）GeschichtsbewusstseinWer im frühen 18. Jahrhundert lebte, konnte noch in seiner Hausbibel lesen (Martin Luthers Vorrede zum Buch Daniel), dass der Traum des Nebukadnezar von den vier Materialien abnehmender Qualität (Gold, Silber, Eisen, Ton) auf vier Geschichtsepochen zu beziehen sei: das babylonische,medisch-persische,griechisch-makedonische und römische Weltreich; man lebe im letzten, und zwar gegen Ende, und müsse mit dem baldigen Hereinbrechen des Jüngsten Gerichtes rechnen, mit dem Weltende, nachdem das römische Reich nun schon mehr als anderthalb Jahrtausende währe.Dieses Geschichtsbewusstsein war bestimmt von der Überzeugung, die Geschichte liege in Gottes Hand und sei von Anfang an vorherbestimmt;der Spielraum des Menschen schien dabei verschwindend gering.Wer im späten 18. Jahrhundert lebte, sah eine solche Bibelauslegung als historisch an: So habe man früher geglaubt; dies sei dem Denken einer noch kindlichen Epoche der Menschheitsgeschichte angemessen gewesen, wie man überhaupt in der Heiligen Schrift jeweils einemkönne. Unbeschadet der religiösen Auffassung bestehe eine Verantwortung des Menschen für den Lauf der Geschichte; es gelte, alle menschlichen Kräfte zur Bemeisterung der Lebensverhältnisse zu entwickeln, das Gute zu befördern und seinen eigenen Beitrag zu leisten: Dann sei es möglich, alle Übel zu überwinden und die Geschichte der Menschheit in glänzende Bahnen zu lenken.Solchen Vorstellungen vom Platz des Menschen in der Geschichte, von seinen Möglichkeiten zum Eingreifen und Gestalten, entsprach eine neue Konzeption von Zukunft: Während man früher in verschiedenen Formen von einem Paradies ausgegangen war, das in der Vergangenheit, in der Frühzeit des Menschengeschlechtes, zu suchen sei, worauf dann ein Verfall, ein Rückgang bis zur eigenen, schlechten Gegenwart erfolgt sei, dachte man sich die Idealform des menschlichen Erreichbaren nun in der Zukunft: Was sich utopisch entwerfen ließ, wurde als künftig realisierbar imaginiert. Die eigene, noch nicht so perfekte Gegenwart ließ sich als Stufe zu einem Höheren verstehen; auch wo noch vieles im argen lag, konnte man sich um Reform bemühen und sich graduell dem Ideal annähern.第二部分：汉译德（75分）德国人勤劳、严谨，甚至有些刻板，这和众多读者心中的固有形象一致。

2016年北京大学外国语学院日语口译、笔译翻译硕士考研真题日语翻译基础：共50道选择，题量很小，三个小时考试时间，快的同学一个小时就都能答完。

因为回来没及时整理几乎都忘了。

请见谅！大部分都是语法题，难度在N1水平左右，但并不是N1的考试套路，很注重细节。

比如：选出与题干语法用法一样的选项题干：XXXXXXXXA昔が思い出されるB休まれるC彼は行かれるD、想不起来了具体的题干和选项想不起来，总之就是这类，别以为是简单的判断被动、自发还是敬语，我只记得这里面有个选项看似是对的，但是是个圈套。

还有一题是选择お・ご的正确用法A、００さんのお行いですかB、おメールXXXXXC、お当番XXXXXD、ごXXXX还有一道选ことわざ和俗語的A、君の木で鼻をくくった態度は何とかならないのかB、C、D、経済回復になると会社の青田刈りが早くなる翻译硕士日语一、15个日译汉单词1、圏外孤独2、天下り官僚3、現状有姿4、ヘビーローテーション5、クールビズ6、カリスマ7、格差社会8、ほめ殺し9、ダブル選10、引ったくり事件11、負けず嫌い12、13、14、15、二、15个汉译日单词1、外貌协会2、老虎苍蝇一起打3、出柜4、智能城市5、阅兵6、独角戏7、牛市8、京津冀一体化9、拖延症10、高大上11、创意大赛12、清醒剂13、权利清单14、15、三、日译汉1、是一篇安倍讲话的内容。

如果没记错的整篇应该分为三个部分。

第一部分是经济方面，要注重国家合作之类的，第二部分是地区安全方面的，尤其围绕日本出兵阿富汗以及帮助阿富汗国家重建，说日本做到了一个亚洲国家应该做的，呼吁其他亚洲国家也要参与进来（实际上就是给自己出兵海外正名罢了）。

第三部分说的是环境气候问题，说日本自身完全按照京都议定书上所约定的去做了，希望亚洲地区某大国也要负起责任（赤裸裸的在说中国啊。

）一点不难，通篇都是熟悉的词汇和语法，需要注意的就是怎么翻译的像外交辞令，当然不能大白话。

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试管理学试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共4页）一、简答题（共4题，每题15分，共60分）1.如何定义管理效率和管理效果？并解释二者对管理的重要性。

2.简要说明企业追求增长战略的不同方式。

3.简述公平理论及其对员工激励的意义。

4.简述决策制定过程的步骤有哪些？二、论述题（共2题，每题20分，共40分）1.简要叙述梅奥-霍桑试验所得出的基本观点，在分析这些观点的基础上，谈一谈管理者应该如何提升管理能力？2.面对现在人力成本增加和劳动力短缺，企业出现“用工荒”现象，传统制造业的优势正在丧失，波士顿咨询公司最新一份报告指出，在过去的十年里，中国相比美国的制造业成本优势估计从14%下降到4%。

在此背景下，中国制造企业应该在战略上做如何调整？三、案例分析题（共50分）李莉的困惑李莉是一个典型的北方姑娘，在她身上可以明显地感受到北方人的热情和直率，她坦诚，有什么说什么，总是愿意把自己的很受老师和同学的欢迎。

今年，李莉从某大学的人力资源管理专业毕业。

她认为，经过四年的学习自己不但掌握了扎实的人力资源管理专业知识，而且具备了较强的人际沟通能力，因此，她对自己的未来期望很高。

为了实现自己的梦想，她毅然只身前往上海求职。

经过近一个月的反复投递简历和面试，在权衡多种因素的情况下，李莉最终选定了一家研究生产食品添加剂的公司。

她之所以选择这家公司是因为该公司规模适中、发展速度很快，最重要的是该公司的人力资源管理工作还处于起步阶段。

如果李莉加入，将是人力资源的第一个人，因此她认为自己在该公司施展能力的空间很大。

但是公司实习一个星期后，李莉就陷入了困境中。

原来该公司是一个典型的家族式企业，企业中的关键职位基本上都是有老板的亲属担任，充满了各种裙带关系。

尤其是老板给李莉安排了他的大儿子王经理做临时上级，而这个人主要负责公司的研发工作，根本没有管理理念，更不用说人力资源管理理念。

在他的眼里，只有技术最重要，公司只要能赚到钱，其它的一切都无所谓。