2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七：阅读理解专题之词句猜测题

专题7阅读理解专题之----词句猜测题【设问形式】①Which of the following can replace the underlined word...in paragraph...?②The underlined word“...”means____?③The word“...”refers to_____?④What do you think the expression“...”stands for?......【考查方式】在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。

这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能力。

词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。

1.词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常用方法：1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

2）根据同位关系进行猜测。

3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。

4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。

5）根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。

2.代词指代题：在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。

3.句意猜测题：解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。

实战演练【例题】1.词义猜测：2016全国ⅠCI am peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier.Since March2012,I've done89trips of those,51have beenabroad,I have42hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last,in all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got72hours at most,So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:”Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that very much.D.The ice won't last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To LondonB.To NewarkC.To ProvidenceD.To Washington【答案】29.B30.D31.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。

29.B词义猜测题。

根据本段内容I’ve done89trips和I have42hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。

故选B。

30.D细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句I have42hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42消失适宜的温度。

故选D。

31.B细节理解题。

根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed me through Newark可知，这位好心的女式首先安排作者去Newark的航班。

故选B。

2.代词指代：2016全国ⅡC【答案】29.B30.A31.C32.D【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。

29.B目的意图题。

作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。

接着在最后一句提出，说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站30.A代词指代题。

根据本句“...hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with eachnew reader who finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。

可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。

故A正确。

31.C推理判断题。

根据文章第五段最后一句“...the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book togather dust on a shelf at home”可知，让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。

故C项正确。

32.D标题概括题。

根据文章第三段可知把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。

D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。

3.句意猜测题：2017全国ⅡDWhen a leafy plant is under attack,it doesn’t sit quietly.Back in1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors,relatively speaking,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches,and so,in effect,was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry.So information was exchanged,but it wasn’t a true,intentional back andforth.Charles Darwin,over150years ago,imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There’s a whole lot going on.32.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietlyD.It sends out certain chemicals.33.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than beforeC.The world is more complex than it seemsD.People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。