2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练(含答案)
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2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练(含答案)
2020年高考英语阅读理解训练
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一
A
A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to
shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the
half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of
5 years less than their southern counterparts because they
breathed dirtier air.
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a
now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for
heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found
significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and
life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects
human health, “the deeper and ultimately more important
question is the impact on life expectancy,” said one of the
researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental
economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “This study
provides a unique setting (背景) to answer the life expectancy
question because the (heating) policy dramatically changes
pollution concentrations(浓度)”, Greenstone said in an email.
“Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period,
we can know people’s exposure over long time periods,” he
said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and
offices to cities north of the Huai River, which divides China into
north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950—1980 period of central planning, and, though disconti nued after 1980,
it has left a legacy(遗留问题) in the north of heavy coal burning,
which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm
human health. Researchers found no other government policies
that treated China’s north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to
2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total
suspended(悬浮的)particulates. In China, those are considered
to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter,
sent out from sources including power stations, construction
sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great
health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies
using death data from 1991—2000. They found that in the north,
the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic
meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life
expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age
ranges.
1. The main idea of this passage is that ___________.
A. the government provided free coal for heating in North
China
B. coal burning causes bad air quality across China
C. research in China finds air pollution shortened life
expectancy
D. a new study finds different particulates in South China
2.According to Greenstone, ________ greatly contributed to
the high pollution concentrations in North China.
A. power stations
B. construction sites
C. the free heating policy D. gases from vehicles
3.It is implied in the passage that _________.
A. coal is no longer used for heating in North China
B. air quality was comparatively better in South China
C. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s
D. people preferred to live in South China after 1980
4.The underlined word “particulates” most probably
means _________.
A. dirty clouds
B. particular smoke
C. dangerous bacteria
D. harmful dust
B
There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep— but what does
that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only
on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are
productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others
need
more. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for
most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the
topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation
acknowledges that sleep needs will vary — lifestyle and stress
should be taken into consideration — but their
recommendations offer a general guideline. For example,
teenagers (14 —17 years old) need 8—10 hours’ sleep every
day.
To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical
experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the
last decade. This is the first time that any professional
organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep