旅游管理英语(姚宝荣)1~6单元翻译

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Tourism and the Environment: A Symbiotic RelationshipNowadays, with the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of higher spiritual life, tourism is developing rapidly, and it has an increasing proportion in the national economy. Tourism is getting more and more people's attention, followed by the impact of tourism on the ecological environment.The vigorous development of the tourism industry has multiple effects on the environment. They are both positive and negative. In order to adapt the development of tourism to the capacity of tourism resources, and promote the coordinated development of environment protection and tourism, and this paper will state the impact of tourism on the environment from three aspects:1 The negative impact of tourism on the environment;2 The positive impact of tourism on the environment;3 The countermeasure to against the negative impact of tourism on the environment.Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce.The negative impact of tourism on the environmentNegative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.1,Tourism causes the environmental pollution.When tourism products are manufactured during the production, it`s adverse to environmental impacts. At first, the development of tourism resources, improper planning of tourist construction, such as opening the way in mountains and destroying the wild plants freely; it will break the completeness of the coordination of ecological environment. The second is in the process of construction of tourist accommodation, the supply of water, electricity and other energy is in disorder. Waste water, waste gas and rubbish are not be cleaned timely, so these will be forming the ecological environment pollution.2,Tourism products affected adversely in consumption process.The most obvious phenomenon is that tourism products in consumption process impacts on the ecological environment pollution and destruction of ecosystems. Tourism products have direct contamination and indirect contamination for the environment of the tourist area.Direct contamination means the tourist’s pollution is generated by tourism activities, such as the sewage left by tourists, feces, garbage, waste bottles, waste paper, cans and other pollution on the ecological environment.Indirect contamination means the pollution of the atmosphere. Tourism can`t be separated from traffic. Transporting tourists from the residence to the scenic is necessary, and a variety of vehicles pour in, the air is full of automobile exhaust. The automobile exhaust is not only polluting the air, but also extremely is harmful to the human body. In addition, the acid rain has already leaded lots of trees to die in some areas. The decline in the quality of the environment embarrassed our environment.3,Historical and cultural heritage have been to damage to varying degrees.Driven by the economic interests, some notable tourist resorts are overload of tourists or made unauthorized construction, it will make a number of precious historical and cultural heritages, such as the unique monuments, natural environment and human landscape suffered destruction. Carving, graffiti, touching artifacts freely and discarding the litter arbitrarily will directly or indirectly lead to the destruction of the heritage. The example is too numerous, like on the walls of the palace in the Forbidden City, some flagstone walkways, the walls of theancient Great Wall and the tower also have tourists uncivilized blot.4,Traditional culture is simple.Rough business culture makes the connotation disappear and the degradation of the art form. In order to obtain economic benefits and cater to the need of tourists adventures, lots of tourist areas have to be given up traditional social, spiritual significance and artistic meaning. Changing the traditional forms of art and design freely lead the traditional culture to rough and simple commercialization. Traditional folk celebrations will not be held at specific time and specific place with specific manner, and it just be held by tourism demand anytime at anywhere, just like these celebrations` existence is based on the tourists demand rather than local social life. Local hand-making products with characteristics of local culture are turning to meet the need of public markets. Mass production and gradually moving towards the shoddy make the loss of traditional art and value.5,Directly or indirectly lead the moral standards in the tourist resort to decline.Tourists around the world have different moral values and way of life. Negative tourists` decadent consciousness and lifestyle can easily make some tourist area residents to lose the virtue of simplicity. It induces desire for venality and worship of money, which ruins the local social climate and affects the stability of the social order. Tourism makes environmental pollution and destruction, which almost is occurred in the process of tourism development, construction and tour operation. Tourism, as a source of pollution and industrial pollution, has "three wastes" in facilities` emissions, which is waste gas, waste water, and waste ballast. The inappropriate layout also causes environmental pollution.6,The pollution on the environment has two aspects of tourism: tourism supply-side and tourism consumers.The environmental pollution of tourism consumers is occurred in the flow of tourists, such as the large population bring crowded and confusion, destructive behavior on the environment, trampling by a large number of the population makes the soil changing, temporary stay of too many people bring exceeded production and living materials consumption and energy use, the atmospheric pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution. Analysis form the tourist point to view environmental pollution, it can be seen that tourism, as a source of pollution, has its own particularity unlike other pollution sources.People who come to enjoy the scenic beauty often litter the places with polythene and left over food without thinking about its adverse impact on the environment. The Dal Lake which was once pristine has lost its nature due to tourist pressure and is now covered with animal carcasses, sewage and weeds. The lake has shrunk as it was unable to handle the pollution caused by constant tourist influx.Tourism industry often involves construction of hotel and lodges. These lodges are created near or on the banks of a lake or a river. The sewage water flows into lake water or sea, polluting its marine ecosystem. Hotel owners who have vested commercial interests does not even take into account the unfavourable consequences on environment. Construction of jetties alters the wave pattern of the lake depositing silt in it. Introduction of mechanized boards to cash in on tourists damages the flora and fauna of ecosystem as the both leave tresses of oil, petrol and diesel in the water. (Roy, 2010)“EDUCA TION - tourists provide an endless supply of people from around the world that can be targeted and educated on everything from forest stewardship to local history and plans for the future.FUNDRAISING - a tourist provides an easy target for fundraising. Tourists pay fees for everything from camping sites and park entry fees, to licenses for fishing and hunting. The more tourists in a controlled area, means the more money that can be collected for things like education, policing and maintenance of national wilderness areas.ACTION - tourists visiting an area do so for many reasons. Maybe they are looking for someplace quiet where they can commune with nature or perhaps they want to see a piece of history. Whatever the reason, when that tourist returns home, s/he will remember the experience and may feel compelled to do something positive for the environment to help save that area.” (Stushnoff, 2009)For example: Physical Environment impact on tourism.Tourism has effects beyond the fuel burnt simply getting on holiday in the first place and many of them are much more immediately visible than the more sinister and intangible threat of emissions. In many places, the physical environment can be heavily affected by the passage of tourists, especially for popular destinations, where the sheer weight of numbers of people visiting can simply prove too much. Often as a tourist venue becomes better known, a round of building work follows the accompanying expansion of the original settlement, usually to the detriment of the local environment – which can often have been the reason for its popularity in the first place. More hotels and more restaurants inevitably mean more strain on the local infrastructure, but they also mean more light pollution too. This is not simply about no longer being able to see the stars so easily. In some parts of the world – the Greek Islands being a well-known case – restaurants along the beaches are very popular tourist draws, but their light-spillage confuses hatching sea-turtles. The young hatchlings are programmed to head for the brightest thing they can see head for the brightest thing they can see –– in nature, the water’s edge –in nature, the water’s edge – and safety. When they and safety. When they follow their age-old instinct today, they are as likely to be heading in exactly the opposite direction direction –– and Tavernas offer no refuge from cats or predatory gulls. (Evans, 2012)The positive impact of tourism on the environment:In order to survive and develop, people always need to exploit natural resources. Lots of development activities on the environment is damaging the environment`s health, but orderly tourism activities can be part of the sustainable use of natural resources, and reduce the ecological damage of resource development. The healthy development of the tourism industry to promote environmental protection mainly has following aspects.“The International Ecotourism Society has defined Ecotourism as the “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people”. The Australian Commission on National Ecotourism Strategy defines ecotourism as”nature as”nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretation of the natural environment -based tourism that involves education and interpretation of the natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable”.In modern times, eco tourism has been expected to help in achieving the following also: involve travel to natural destinations, minimize impact on natural resources, build up environmental awareness, provide impetus and financial support for conservation, financially benefit and empower local people and inculcate respect for local culture.” (Parameswaran, 2012)1,The healthy development of the tourism industry can promote the launching of the environmental protection.Optimizing the industrial structure and protecting of the ecological environment.Rational plan for the healthy development of the tourism industry can replace resource consumption and heavy pollution of traditional industries to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution emissions. Some agricultural regions return farmland to forests, wood to grass and field to lake. On the one hand, local farmers receive more income; on the other hand, these measures can protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance.2, Improve the Environmental Quality.Obviously, one of the foundations for the development of the tourism industry is to have a beautiful and high-quality environment, no tourist wants to go to a place with very bad ecological environment. Tourists want the pure air and water quality, beautiful environment and ecology, green forest and earth. All of these will supervise the tourism management regulate the tourism development mode and improve the quality of green tourism products and development projects of the environment, such as planting more trees in the tourist area, closing forest and raising flowers. All these measures means the rise of the of tourism ecological environment quality.3,Improve the infrastructure and service facilitiesTourism development can improve the local infrastructure, such as airports, railwaystations, bus stations, roads, communications, water systems and sewage treatment systems. It also can contribute to the building of local entertainment, scenic attractions, accommodation and catering services, so as to improve the standards of the local economy and the living environment for local people.4,Protect the environment, natural landscapes and historical monuments.Good environment, natural resources and precious cultural relics are important factors to attract tourists. In order to attract more tourists and increase their level of satisfaction, many scenic areas, wildlife areas, and historical and cultural monuments are developing, we also concern about the issue of environment protection. Lucrative tourism can raise funds through appropriate tourism development; and these funds can be put into the construction of tourism environment, so as to make the Scenic environment and wildlife areas receive better protection, the maintenance and restoration of historical and cultural monuments.5,Beautify the living habitat environment.The development of tourism promotes to green the land and environmental cleanup, and to get the efficacy of beautification of the living environment. During the tourism development process, promoting afforestation, developing the horticultural projects or the design and construction of ecological building and expanding green area, air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution and other environmental problems can be controlled forcibly, like the Nanjing Confucius Temple, the majority cultural heritage of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, reflects the history and culture of China. For many years, the water quality in Qinhuai River is poor and serious pollution, almost everyone know the dilapidated houses by the river`s two sides. In recent years, this region emphasis on the natural environment restoration and improvement of the river ecosystem in the tourism development process, Nanjing citizens take some action, such as river regulation and waste collection, through the implementation of renovation projects, seek the greening of the Qinhuai River, purify and beautify the riverbanks to re-experience the the Qinhuai clean water and better living environment.6,Strengthen people's awareness of environmental protection.Tourism environmental protection, as a systems engineering, requires government tourism management department, department of tourism operators, residents and tourists to participate. Good tourism promotion of government travel management department can improve the tour operator, environmental protection consciousness of destination residents and tourists.A good environment is an important requirement for tourism development. Tourism development can bring good economic benefits, and help local people out of poverty andbackwardness. After appreciating the good environmental benefits to produce their life, people's environmental awareness will be enhanced unprecedented.For tourists, the travel is a short-term way of life. It`s a kind of longing of escaping their day-to-day working and living environment to the unfamiliar environment. Good tourism activities are impressed, and the beautiful environment let them to beautify our environment and feel the close relationship between the environments and improving the quality of life, finally we should to promote environmental awareness and focus on environmental protection. In fact, in recent years, understanding the nature, observing the nature and the opportunity to experience the nature is popular. These activities will let them realize that the natural environment is the source of beauty and the basic conditions of human beings to create a better life; they can feel aesthetic pleasure during the natural process. The tourists will feel grateful of plants and trees of nature and bound their travel behavior, and to raise awareness of environmental protection.Environmental management departments and the tour operator sector also constantly aware of the importance of the environment during the process of planning and development of tourism projects. It is the basis for the survival of the tourism industry and an important factor for sustainable development of tourism. Government should take all the measures to protect the natural environment, advance environmental protection planning in tourism planning, and take measures in accordance with the importance of the different levels of management with graded protection. The positive interaction between tourism development and environmental protection concept is gradually able to establish and implement.Tourism to Local DevelopmentTourism could have a tremendous beneficial impact on local economies, but many hotels source their food and cleaning products from abroad rather than purchasing them from local producers. An Oxfam study found that hotels in St. Lucia imported more than 70 percent of their produce every year. Local farmers cannot compete internationally and have suffered from a decline in the banana trade, but Oxfam and other organizations are encouraging hotels to source food from local farmers, and by doing so keeping the tourist income within the community and supporting farmer's efforts to diversify their crops. For some hotels and restaurants, shopping locally adds a more authentic flavor to the products that they offer tourism and is a selling point in itself. For example, the Ocean Terrace Inn in St. Kitts prides itself on serving food made using locally sourced ingredients.Tourism to the environmentTourism can be harmful to the environment in a variety of ways. Cruise ships sailing through the Caribbean dump waste into the sea; one 2002 study found that a ship carrying2,000 passengers and 1,000 crew generated the same amount of waste as a small city. This waste, including oil residues, harms marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Groups such as the Caribbean Tourism Organization are promoting more sustainable tourism projects that attempt to reduce the impact of tourism on the local environment, while the United Nations' Caribbean Environment Program supports this effort with the Cartagena Convention. The Convention aims to protect the Caribbean's delicate marine environment by establishing a series of protocols on combating oil spills, creating protected areas and dealing with pollution from the land. (Media, 2002)The countermeasure to against the negative impact of tourism on the environment.1,Cleaning the contaminated tourism ecological environment.It is necessary to clean the contaminated tourism ecological environment; regardless of t he reason for the pollution is tourism and non-tourism. There must be effective control measur es for the development of tourism in the tourist area in order to fundamentally clean up the are a. For instance, relocating the polluting factories in the tourist area and prohibiting the develo pment of industrial pollution.2,Reconstruction of the ecological environment has been destroyed.In the existing tourist areas and developing tourist area, if a part of tourism ecological en vironment has been damaged, it is affecting the entire aesthetic characteristics of the ecologic al environment. It should be doing construction in the region corresponding ecological enviro nmental. For example, if the tourist area water is contaminated, it should be cleaned up; if the area is lack of green plants, it should be planted. During the reconstruction of the ecological e nvironment, the environmental characteristics of the area should be noticed. It is important to maintain stable ecosystem. So the green plants should be selected to the benefit of the tourist area.3,Application of the tourism ecological environment capacity theory.The destruction and pollution of tourism activities should be avoided. In tourism plannin g and management, tourism overload is the fundamental reason to the tourism pollution of eco logical environment. Tourism activities undermine the development of the tourism industry. S o the tourist ecological capacity should be appropriately controlled during the tourism develop ment and management.4,To take the necessary measures to slow the ecological environment destruction.The sudden natural destruction of tourism ecological environment can be forecasted, but cannot be avoided. But the destruction of nature can be mitigated by certain measures, such as offsite migration of rare and endangered flora and fauna protection, artificial reforestation an d so on.So if one wants to enjoy nature one must preserve it, otherwise all the exotic destinations will become extinct and the world will not be a beautiful place to live in. Eco friendly tourism should be promoted all over the world and if marvels of nature should be preserved, tourism should take into account the principle and process of sustainable consumption.旅游和环境:一个共生关系如今如今,,随着人民生活水平的提高随着人民生活水平的提高,,追求更高的精神生活追求更高的精神生活,,旅游业发展迅速旅游业发展迅速,,在国民经济比例不断上升。

Unit 1 The Sunshine IndustryTranslate into Chinese.1）Unlike physical “products”, say a car, you can never “test drive” a tourism product, say a destination. Decisions whether your client is going to buy your product or not have always been based on information and word of mouth.与物理的“产品”不一样，例如汽车，你永远不能“试驾”旅游产品，比如目的地。

决定你的客户是否会购买你的产品或不一直购买，已经是基于信息和口碑。

3) Consumers now have many more choices because the Internet gives moreproviders more opportunities to create direct consumer relationships and allows a wide variety of pricing.现在的消费者有更多的选择，因为互联网让更多的供应商有更多的机会去创造与消费者的直接关系，并且允许各种各样的定价。

5) The most important question is not whether the new technology will replace thetraditional ways of booking holidays, but rather how quickly this transition will occur.最重要的问题不在于新技术是否将取代传统的预订度假的方式，而是这种转变如何迅速发生。

Translate into English1) 尽管网络经济发展迅速，但网上营销观念还没有被中国的广大旅游企业所接受。

旅游管理英文自我介绍good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performancetoday, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september.now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni. my major is packagingengineering. and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june. in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basicknowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tourto some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry.compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, thesituation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pacestillMy name is not tall, Wang Xinmiao, plain, a small child, xin Simon, xin is composed of three gold, mean that I how great your, Simon is of three water means I'll career. It looks good, but mypersonality is really surprising, careless.I am careless, no matter what the exam in the noses of error just check not to come out, buy vinegar forgot to bring money, study forgot to bring my book... This kind of embarrassing thingshappened to me this careless. Ah! When can I get rid of this bad habit.Remember once, mom was not at home, I cook, do what good? Well do rice, I three times five divided by two is panning out. Here are more simple, add water plugged in, this is too easy I canget this done in a breeze, just waiting to eat, I am lazy lying on the sofa watching TV, just waiting to eat. Unconsciously an hour passed, and cannot smell the fragrance of rice, I hurried tothe kitchen, see along while also didn't find which is broken. Yi? How did that happen? Looked at half a day just detection, originally is the switch to a cooking class, has just beeninsulation. Oh, regret and hate. Don't have to go hungry.A careless when do I get to more careful, live up to my name? Ah!This is what I called Wang Xinmiao "careless!"My name is xxx, masters graduate. Worked for three years before the marketing and management, two-year teacher; I always believe that "gold, no matter where will sparkle." In the three yearsof marketing, I market planning and development, marketing, administration, personnel training and so forth have been a profound exercise, accumulated a lot of valuable experience in alifetime.I always believe that "gold, no matter where will sparkle." I could on its own intelligence and hard work in the field of non-professional to obtain gratifying results, in their own areas ofexpertise naturally not far behind, "perfect" the goal of my life chasing. Six months and two years of teaching assistant experience in training me confident calm, graceful temperament; asundergraduate research design experiment of the counselors,participation in aquatic Key Laboratory of pilot projects, such as tutoring not only the exercise of my independent research anddevelopment capabilities, and further reinforces my knowledge, experimental skills. As always uphold the "Learning" criteria, so I pay attention to social development and security grip pulse,based on reality, and strive to cultivate themselves into the market economic system needs both education and scientific research, market development and management generalists.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

旅游管理英文单词Tourism ManagementTourism management refers to the process of managing the activities related to the tourism industry. This includes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the resources and activities involved in providing services to tourists. It also involves the development and implementation of strategies to promote tourism and ensure the satisfaction of tourists.Tourism management involves various aspects such as marketing, customer service, hospitality, and destination management. It is a complex and multi-faceted field that requires a deep understanding of the tourism industry, as well as strong management and leadership skills.Tourism management professionals are responsible for overseeing the operations of tourism businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, tour companies, and travel agencies. They are also involved in destination marketing, tourism planning, and sustainable tourism development.In addition to business management skills, tourism management professionals need to have a good understanding of the cultural, social, and environmental aspects of thedestinations they work with. They must also be able to adapt to different cultural and business environments, as the tourism industry is highly diverse and global.Furthermore, tourism management involves the development and implementation of policies and strategies to ensure the sustainable and responsible development of tourism. This includes promoting eco-friendly practices, preserving cultural heritage, and supporting local communities.In summary, tourism management is a dynamic and challenging field that requires a combination of business management skills, cultural understanding, and a commitment to sustainable development.旅游管理旅游管理是指管理与旅游业相关的活动的过程。

旅游管理的英语1.Tourism management 旅游管理2.Destination management 目的地管理3.Hotel management 酒店管理4.Resort management 度假村管理5.Airline management 航空公司管理6.Cruise line management 游轮公司管理7.Tour operator management 旅行社管理8.Destination marketing management 目的地营销管理9.Hotel revenue management 酒店收入管理10.Hotel asset management 酒店资产管理11.Cruise ship revenue management 游轮收益管理12.Destination risk management 目的地风险管理13.Tourism human resource management 旅游人力资源管理14.Tourism marketing management 旅游营销管理15.Hotel front office management 酒店前台管理16.Hotel room inventory management 酒店房间库存管理17.Airline flight operations management 航空公司航班运营管理18.Cruise ship safety and security management 游轮安全与安保管理19.Tourism sustainability management 旅游可持续发展管理20.Destination environmental management 目的地环境管理。

旅游管理专业英语Tourism Management Major English。

1. Introduction。

Tourism management is the field of study that focuses on the business aspects of the tourism industry. It involves the planning, development, and promotion of tourism products and services, as well as the management of tourist destinations, events, and activities. In this major, students will learn about the key concepts and principles of tourism management, as well as the practical skills necessary to succeed in the industry.2. Course Curriculum。

The typical course curriculum for a tourism management major may include the following:。

- Introduction to tourism: This course provides an overview of the tourism industry, including its history, structure, and current trends.- Tourism marketing and promotion: This course focuses on the strategies and techniques used to promote and market tourism products and services, including advertising, public relations, and social media.- Event management: This course focuses on the planning and management of tourism events, such as festivals, conferences, and exhibitions.- Travel and tourism planning: This course covers the planning and development of new tourism products and services, including transportation, attractions, and tours.3. Career Prospects。

History of Tourism Tourists and Tourism7209HSL Tourism Management3History of TourismTravel has always been a human experienceScholarship and scientific discovery spa tourism Migration/refugee Sport (Olympic Games commenced in 776 BC)45Grand Tour participation shifted from thearistocracy to the more affluent middle class for sightseeing67tour packages to the masses8•Tourism growth slow as a result of these issues910Now tourism is a global phenomenonGlobal propensity to travel and engage in Emerging markets in post-communist countries, Asia, China and the Indian Social and cultural impacts of tourism 11Travelling away from one’s home for 24 Using one’s leisure time to travel and take 12Growth was negative in all world regions Leisure travel (50%), Visiting friends &131415an area of studyAcademic Journals specific to tourism 16Figure 1: Multi-disciplinary linkages within e.g. Economic impacts of tourism, Economic forces underlying tourisme.g. Spatial patterns of tourism, Tourism regions, Tourismresourcese.g. Evolution of tourism, Interpretation of historicalattractionse.g. Rural tourism and farm tourisme.g. Marketing of tourismproducts, Market segmentatione.g. Cultural impacts of tourism, Interpretation of cultural attractionse.g. Management of tourism, Tourism organisationse.g. Tourism laws, Tourism legislatione.g. Ecotourism, Environmental impactse.g., Social impacts, Social forces underlying tourisme.g. Tourist motivationsGeographyEconomicsPolitical ScienceAgricultureMarketingAnthropologyHistoryLawEcologySociologyBusiness ManagementPsychologyTourism studiese.g. Tourism policy, Geopolitics of tourism, Influence of politicson tourism17Difficulties in studying tourism1920Tourism can be defined as the theories andpractices for being a tourist. This involvestravelling and visiting places for leisure-related purposes. Tourism comprises theideas and opinions people hold which shapetheir decisions about how to relate to othertourists, locals and service personnel. And itis all the behavioural manifestations of those2122 Leiper, N. (2000). An emerging discipline.(3): 805-09.23。

英国国际酒店与旅游管理课程中英文对照课程英文名课程翻译中文名Marketing 市场营销Hospitality Concept and Innovations 酒店概念与创新Dissertation 硕士毕业论文Tourism Destination Management and Marketing 旅游目的地管理与市场营销Major Event Policy and Practice 重要会展政策与应用Research Methods 研究方法Leadership and Entrepreneurship 领导能力与企业家能力Research and Consultancy Project 顾问设计与研究Managing People 人员管理Sector Industry Analysis 产业分析以上课程有些都为提及旅游，但课程范围都在旅游范围内，例如：市场营销是专门针对旅游产业的市场营销，研究方法具体涉及旅游产业的研究方法等等。

荷兰旅游管理课程中英文对照课程英文名Concept Development Tourism & Leisure Industry A1 旅游与休闲管理产业概展A1 Concept Development Tourism & Leisure Industry A2 旅游与休闲管理产业概展A2 Concept Development Tourism & Leisure Industry A3 旅游与休闲管理产业概展A3 Introduction （IP）A 课程介绍Strategic Management (IP) C 战略管理Strategic Management (IP) PR 战略管理Strategic Management (IP) Wr 战略管理Thesis (IP) M 毕业论文M Thesis (IP) W1 毕业论文W1 Thesis (IP) W2 毕业论文W2 Workshop 1 (IP) C 课程研讨Workshop 1 (IP) W 课程研讨Workshop 1 (IP) W 课程研讨我保证，以上课程均经过教育部的国外学历学位认证，真实准确。

译文第六章安徽旅游在去景区的路上在我们准备一个途中讲解的时候，导游在旅客们搭乘长途巴士时要先给予一个简短的问候；一个日程安排的综述；这个地方的特色动植物、历史建筑以及其他乘车时要经过的风景名胜。

对旅游目的地做一个简短的介绍。

在去景区的路上，导游可以介绍一下当地的风俗习惯以及当地的风景。

这也是一个很好的向旅客介绍包括购物费用在内的机会。

如果当天的旅程有什么需要遵守的规则和条例，也在车上向游客阐明。

如果巴士远行超过了一个小时或者更多，这个时候导游或许要开始创造一些休闲娱乐的项目来推动旅客之间的友情了。

一些导游会给游客们唱当地的歌曲，一些导游会教乘客们唱所在地有民族特色的民歌。

还有的会讲故事，有时候还邀请旅客们一起参与和分享。

无论如何，对于导游最基本的是引导乘客们的情绪，让他们自己自由的谈话或休息。

在旅程结束后，导游要对游客们的合作与欣赏表示感谢，同时当游客们配合工作时也要适宜的提高游客们在观光游览时的积极性。

在回程中，导游通常要安排好第二天的行程，例如早上起床时间，早餐的时间和地点，离开酒店的时间以及其他必要的安排和信息。

情景对话黄山实际上偏向于指位于安徽南部的总面积达154平方千米的72座山峰，由于景色秀丽，黄山被定为一座国家公园，并于1992年被联合国教科文组织宣布为“世界自然与文化遗产”之一。

现在，怀特夫妇到达了黄山山脚下，怀特夫人问导游，黄山是否比中国的五岳更有吸引力更美丽。

（A：刘健先生B：怀特夫人）A：在中国的名山中，泰山因他的壮丽为世人所知晓，华山因他的陡峭为人所知晓，庐山因他飘渺的飞瀑为人所知晓，雁荡山因他雕塑般的石头为人所知晓，峨眉山因他让人舒心的清凉为人所知晓，但是黄山却包含了这些山所有的显著的特色。

B：真的？太棒了！A：一首明朝的诗曾经写到：“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳。

”另外还有一位也曾说道：“任他五岳归来客，一见天都也叫奇”。

B：天都峰？A：是的。

每座山峰都是大自然巧妙地、绝无仅有的鬼斧神工。

ＡEuropｅan persｐectｉve oｎａchieｖing ｃomｐeｔitiｖeness，2000，(2１)：79—８8。

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Key woｒds：rｅgioｎaｌtoｕｒism; compｅtｉtioｎ；infｌuenceＩｎreｃent yeａrs，wiｔh tｈｅresｔof the ｗorlｄcompetｉｎg to tourｉsm aｓa pilｌａr ｉndustry for ｔhe devｅlopmeｎt ｏf local anｄｒｅgional compeｔition ａmong ｔhe more obviouｓand iｎ-dｅptｈ．Hoｗto base tｈｅｉr own reaｌitｙ, ｃreate comｐetitｉve adｖａntaｇｅ，has becoｍe aｔop priorｉｔy ｏf the regional toｕrism devｅlopｍent, bｕｔalso ｔravｅl iｎtｈe nｅw rouｎd of compeｔition of tｈeｒace。

CATTI笔译旅游汉译英词汇(1)安全第一，旅客至上saftety first, passengers supreme 保护珍稀动物和植物protect rare animals and plants 避暑胜地summer resort冰雪节Snow Festival兵马俑博物馆the Terra-Cotta Warrior Museum草原旅游grassland tour出境游客out-bound visitors瓷都ceramics metropolis道观Taoist temple登山旅游mountaineering tour东方神韵charm of oriental culture东方夏威夷the Oriental Hawaii度假村holiday resort非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage丰富的文化遗产rich cultural heritage风景区scenic spot风土人情local customs and practices风味小吃local snack服务监督电话service supervision phone高速公路express way/freeway高原自然风光plateau scenery购买实名制real-name system for ticket purchase购物旅游shopping tour购物天堂a paradise for shoppers故居former residence观光游览道路scenic drive国家法定假日statutory holiday国家级园林城市nationally designated garden city海滨度假地beach resort海水浴场bathing beach航海博物馆maritime museum黑车unlicensed car红色旅游区red tourist destinations黄金周golden week机场建设费departure tax机场免税店aiport duty-free shop寄宿家庭host family假冒商品fake commodity假日经济holiday economyCATTI笔译旅游英译汉词汇(2)接待游客人数tourism arrivals久负盛誉long-cherished fame离开旅馆check out from a hotel历史文化名城historical and cultural city历史遗产historical heritage两日游2-day tour龙门石窟Longmen Grottoes露天博物馆open-air museum露营车与旅宿汽车campervans and motor homes for hire驴友frequent travelers旅馆行李员hall porter旅客登记簿hotel register旅行结婚honeymoon trip旅行社travel agency/service旅行团tourist group旅行支票traveller’s check旅游巴士包租、游览服务charter bus and coach services and tour旅游城市tourist city旅游淡季slack season for tourism旅游定点商店/餐厅officially designated shop/restaurant旅游景点attraction for tourists旅游签证visi tor’s visa旅游热潮tourism bloom旅游收入tourist revenue乱收费impose unjustifiable charges每位游客消费额consumption per arrival美食节gourmet festival美术馆art gallery免税商品duty-free goods庙会temple fair民俗景观ethnic cultural park民俗旅游folklore tour民俗文化村folk culture village名特产品famous special local products盘山公路skyline drive配套服务设施supporting service facilities汽车旅馆motel全国重点文物保护单位a major historical monument under state protection 全聚德烤鸭Quanjude Peking Roast Duck人文景观human landscape如画的风景picturesque landscape入境游客in-bound visitors散客旅游independent tour山清水秀beautiful hall of ethnic customs商务中心business center少数民族风俗陈列馆exhibition hall of ethnic customs生态旅游ecotourism湿地自然保护区wetland natural preservation zones水乡泽国water resort水族馆aquarium四合院quadrangle/courtyard dwellings寺院Buddhist temple特产商店specialty store天文馆planetarium亭，台，楼，阁pavilion, stage, building and multistoried pavillion 同仁堂Tongrentang Chinese Medicine徒步旅行walking tour途中休息停车comfort stop文化遗址site of ancient cultural remains文物保护preservation of cultural relics星级饭店star-rated hotels严禁触摸/手扶Don’t touch/Hands off严禁携带物品prohibited checked articles野生动物保护wildlife conservation游乐园amusement park游山玩水tour scenic spots鱼米之乡land of fish and rice中国文明的摇篮the cradle of Chinese civilization中国优秀旅游城市the Chinese Outstanding Tourism City中华老字号China Long-Standing Shop住进旅馆check in a hotel自行车旅游travel by bike自助游private travelCATTI笔译艺术英译汉词汇(1)abstract art 抽象派艺术Academy Award 奥斯卡金像奖a cameo appearance客串演出ace actor 金牌演员Acid Jazz 酸性爵士乐Adult Alternative Pop (Rock) 成人另类流行/摇滚Adult Contemporary成人时代（一种音乐演奏风格）adventure film 探险剧alternative country-rock 另类乡村摇滚alternative rap 另类说唱ambient pop 氛围流行American Idol 美国偶像an A-lister 一线明星animated cartoon/music film/New Year greeting film 动画片/音乐片/贺岁片antique sculpture古代雕塑a powder-puff sport 粉扑运动（花拳绣腿）a profitable sideline 赚钱的副业art director艺术总监artistic coterie画家同行arts and crafts 工艺美术a rule-of-thumb photographer靠经验摄影的摄影家audio-video tape market 音像市场award ceremony music 颁奖音乐backup dancer 伴舞演员best art direction 最佳艺术指导black-and-white epic黑白史诗片bonus track附赠曲目box office appeal票房号召力box office battle 票房大战box office flop票房毒药box office value 票房价值Cannes Film Festival 戛纳电影节cast member 演职人员cave painting 石洞壁画close-up/special shot 特写镜头conceptual photography 观念摄影；前卫摄影costume drama 古装剧country music 乡村音乐culture week文化周curtain call 谢幕debut single 首支单曲decorative schemes 装饰性图画deluxe binding 精装drawing from nature 写生画dubbed film 译制片electrifying effect 令人震撼的效果CATTI笔译艺术英译汉词汇(2)fashion victim时尚牺牲者film critic影评家film production assistant 电影摄影助理fine arts 美术finishing touch 最后一笔flat stitching 平装foreground figure前景人物foreshortened figure透视画法freaks of nature天籁之声glee club 合唱团Golden Palm 金棕榈奖graphic arts 形象艺术graphic designer画面设计师hard-to-get ticket 一票难求hidden track隐藏曲目hi-fi system 高保真组合音响historical drama 历史剧hit movie/Hollywood blockbuster 大片/好莱坞大片hit parade 流行歌曲排行榜Honoray Oscar 终身成就奖horror film 恐怖片kinetic art 活动艺术light literature 通俗文学lip syncing 假唱local craftspeople 当地艺人long-running television series 长篇连续剧made-for-television movie 电视电影Mando-pop scene华语歌坛mannerist frescoes 风格主义湿壁画modern movie musical 现代音乐剧mood music 情调音乐movie trailer 宣传片，为电影做广告的简短影片music comedy音乐剧musical festival 音乐节music TV (MTV) 音乐电视mystery story 怪诞小说op art 光效应艺术operatic music 歌剧音乐original artist 原唱艺术家Oscar Bait来势汹汹问鼎奥斯卡的影片pastel drawing 蜡笔画performance artist 行为艺术家pirated film/theatre of the absurd盗版片/荒诞剧plastic arts 造型艺术pop art 大众艺术popular media大众媒体portrait painting 肖像绘画prize-awarding ceremony颁奖仪式production coordinator 制片协调员reality show 真人秀road show 巡回演出salad days 少不更事的青涩时代scalped tickets 黄牛票(screen) debut/premise首演；首映show business 演艺业simultaneous narrative同步叙述solo concert独唱音乐会spinach cinema 菠菜电影（即有教育意义、令人深思的电影）standing ovation长时间起立鼓掌stereoscopic film 立体电影still life 静物画symphony concert交响音乐会talent show 业余歌手演唱会television/audience rating 收视率television special 专题片the Asia Arts Festival 亚洲艺术节the Motown sond 摩城之音the Newport Folk Festival 纽约特民间艺术节the three unities 三一律（一个情节，一个地点，一个时间）title track主打曲目top-grossing movie 票房冠军tour de force 代表作video art 视频艺术visual artist 视觉艺术家CATTI笔译工业汉译英词汇(1)成品finished products人才talent/competent personnel human resources半成品semi-finished products滞销货unsalable product打工妹country girls working in cities服务业service industry利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 生产力productive forces出资方式means of contributing investment传统产品traditional products窗口行业service trades创汇产品hard currency-earning exports资本项目capital account包工包料contract for labor and material采矿工业mining industry操作方法working technique; method of operation草根工业grassroots industry代理协议agency agreement电力工业power industry产品设计design of products朝阳产业sunrise industry成套设备whole sets of equipment驰名商标well-known trademark电子工业electronics industry独家代理sole agency; exclusive agent纺织工业textile industry服装工业clothing industry钢铁工业iron and steel industry隔离开关isolating switch工程绘图engineering drawing工业基地industrial base工业停滞industrial stagnation工业园区industrial park公开招标public bidding; open tender国有企业state-owned enterprise合营期限contractual term of a joint venture合作方式methods of cooperation后备工业supporting industry化学工业chemical industry基础工业basic industry技术入股technology invested as capital stock技术转让technology transfer加工工业processing industry尖端产品highly sophisticated/state-of-the-art product建筑工业building industry来料装配assembling with supplied parts龙头产品flagship product龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry内联企业inland associated enterprises配套工程auxiliary/supporting project配套资金supporting funds批量生产mass production切削工具cutting tool升级换代upgrading and updating生产资料capital goods市场疲软a market slump市场准入market access拳头产品highly competitive product人才市场human resources market私营部门the private sector乡镇企业township enterprises以销定产fix production target according to marketability知识产权bids for technology主导工业leading industry抓大放小invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones专利技术patented technology产地证明书certificate of origin工业增加值industrial added value企业所得税corporate income tax出口转内销domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports CATTI笔译工业汉译英词汇(2)代表性样品representative sample电视机工业TV industry豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects进口环节税import linkage tax经理负责制manager responsibility system劳动密集型labor-intensive机械制造业machine-building industry招标承包制system of public bidding重点开发区key development zone飞机制造工业aircraft industry固定资产投资investment in fixed assets国家统配物资materials allocated by the state黑色金属工业ferrous industry品质检验证书quality inspection certificate企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses全面投产开工go into full operation商办工业企业industrial enterprises run by commercial units适销对路产品readily marketable product现代企业制度modern corporate system优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity)转化经营机制change the method of operation改进技术规程improve the technological process新的生机与活力new vigor and vitality出口创汇型产业foreign exchange-earning industry独家经营/专营权exclusive right非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprise工业控制一体化integrated industrial control科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings质量信得过单位quality trustworthy organization独立核算工业企业independent accounting industrial enterprise发电设备制造工业power equipment industry高附加值的深加工intensive processing with high added value走新型工业化道路take a new road to industrialization纠正行业不正之风rectify malpractice in various trades就业前和在职培训pre-job and on-the-job (in-service) training向基础工业倾斜的政策preferential policy for basic industry技术、智力、资本密集型technology-, knowledge- or capitalz- intensive三来一补（来料加工，来件装配，来样加工和补偿贸易）processing of imported materials or according to supplied samples, assembling of supplied parts, and compensation tradeCATTI笔译外贸金融英译汉词汇(1)absorb idle fund 吸引游资a business incubator企业孵化器accounting fraud财务作假案；假案accumulated deficit 累计赤字after-sale service 售后服务after-tax profit 税后利润anti-inflation measures 制止通货膨胀措施anti-monopoly law 反垄断法auditing sacandals 假账丑闻bank discount票据贴现Black Monday 黑色星期一blue chip 绩优股bonded area 保税区bottom wholesale price 批发底价business cycle 商业周期business lending 商业贷款cargo handing capacity货物吞吐量cash dividend现金股利cash on delivery (COD) 货到付款ceiling price 最高限价chamber of commerce商会clearance sale 清仓销售closing price 收盘价common stock普通股compensation trade 补偿贸易concessionary loans 优惠贷款corporate bond公司债券corporate identity企业标识cost of living index生活成本指数currency appreciation货币升值customs barrier; tariff waff关税壁垒Doha Round 多哈回合dot-com boom高科技公司（股票）引起的繁荣double-digit inflation两位数通货膨胀率（指一个国家的通货膨胀年率超过10%）double –entry budget复式预算Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业股票平均指数downstream product 下游产品durable goods 耐用产品export customs declaration出口申报export incentives 出口刺激export licensing system 出口许可证制度favorable balance of trade/trade surplus贸易顺差financial (industry/sector) rescue plan 金融救援计划financial statement财务报表foreign exchange reserve外汇储备CATTI笔译外贸金融英译汉词汇(2)Goldman Sachs 高盛（集团）公司（美）government securities公债holding company 控股公司hot money from abroad 国际游资import quota进口配额imports of merchandise and services 商品和劳务进口inflation-proof deposit保值储蓄inflation-ridden country通货膨胀居高不下的国家insurance broker保险经纪人intangible assets无形资产interest-free loan无息贷款international financial center 国际金融中心investment ratio 投资比例IPO (Initial Public Offerings) 发行原始股junk bond垃圾债券line of business 业务范围listed company 上市公司listed shares (stock) 上市股票market access/entry市场准入merger and acquisition (M&A) 并购money laundering 洗钱money supply货币供应量National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ) 美国纳斯达克指数National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易委员会New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) 纽约证券交易所online share trading 在线股票交易portfolio investment 证券投资port of destination目的口岸preferential loan优惠贷款preferred stock优先股price-curbing policy 抑价政策primary goods 初级商品property dividend财产股利protective tariff保护性关税ration-free goods 敞开供应的商品reciprocal trade 互惠贸易retaliatory tafiff 报复性关税return on investment 投资回报risk capital 风险投资shock method 休克疗法Standard & Poor’s Index（美国证券）标准普尔指数stock market crash 股市暴跌stock market quotation股市行情stock option认股权stock sinks below the IPO price 破发subprime mortgage次级房贷supply-demand imbalance供求失衡switch trade 转手贸易tax-free zone免税区time deposit 定期存款toll-free service 免费服务total volume of imports and exports 进出口总额trade dispute贸易争端trade in goods 货物贸易trade in services 服务贸易trade liberatlization 贸易自由化trade partner贸易伙伴trade protectionism 贸易保护主义trade protocol贸易议定书transnational corporation跨国公司transnational operation 跨国经营unfavorable balance of trade/trade deficit 贸易逆差upstream product 上游产品US Federal Reserve Board 美国联邦储备委员会US Securities and Exchange Commission美国证券交易委员会venture capital 风险资本voucher of clearing 结算凭证Wall Street magnate华尔街财阀warranty period 商品保修期win the bid/tender中标World Economic Forum 世界经济论坛（达沃斯会议）year-end report 年终报告zero tariff treatment 零关税待遇CATTI笔译外贸金融英译汉词汇(3)You should guarantee that no information under the contract should be transferred to a third party.你方应保证不向第三方转让本合同的信息资料。

旅游管理专业英语English:Travel and tourism management is a multifaceted field that encompasses various aspects of the travel industry, including hospitality, transportation, attractions, and destination management. Students studying this discipline develop a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the global tourism market, gaining insights into consumer behavior, marketing strategies, and sustainable tourism practices. They learn how to effectively manage tourist destinations, ensuring visitor satisfaction while also preserving cultural and environmental integrity. Courses typically cover topics such as tourism economics, destination planning and development, tourism policy and regulation, and event management. Moreover, students often engage in practical experiences through internships or fieldwork, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world settings. Graduates of travel and tourism management programs are equipped with a diverse skill set that prepares them for careers in various sectors of the industry, including tour operations, hotel management, event planning, destination marketing, and sustainable tourism development.中文翻译:旅游管理是一个多方面的领域，涵盖了旅游行业的各个方面，包括酒店管理、交通运输、景点和目的地管理。

旅游管理 ssci英文回答：As a tourism management student, I have gained a comprehensive understanding of the industry and its various aspects. Tourism management involves the planning, organizing, and controlling of tourism activities and destinations. It requires a deep understanding of customer needs and preferences, as well as effective marketing and promotional strategies.One of the key challenges in tourism management is ensuring sustainable development. This involves balancing the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism. For example, while tourism can bring economic benefits to a destination, it can also put strain on the local infrastructure and natural resources. Therefore, it is important to implement sustainable practices such as waste management, energy conservation, and responsible tourism initiatives.Another important aspect of tourism management is destination marketing. Effective marketing strategies are crucial in attracting tourists to a destination and promoting its unique offerings. This can be done through various channels such as social media, online travel agencies, and tourism fairs. For instance, a destination can leverage its cultural heritage, natural beauty, and adventure activities to create a compelling marketing message.In addition, tourism management involves understanding and catering to the diverse needs of tourists. Different types of tourists have different preferences and expectations. For example, some tourists may be interested in cultural tourism and prefer to visit historical sites and museums, while others may be more inclined towards adventure tourism and seek thrilling activities like hiking or water sports. Therefore, it is important for tourism managers to conduct market research and develop customized products and services to meet the specific needs of different target segments.Moreover, tourism management also involves crisis management. Unexpected events such as natural disasters, political instability, or health emergencies can have a significant impact on tourism. In such situations, it is crucial for tourism managers to have contingency plans in place and effectively communicate with tourists to ensure their safety and well-being. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism managers had to implement strict health and safety protocols, provide accurate information to tourists, and adapt their operations to the changing travel restrictions.中文回答：作为一名旅游管理学生，我对该行业及其各个方面有了全面的了解。

unit5ROOM SERVICE (l) Warm-upMatch.TowelShampooToothpasteToilet paperTooth brushHairdryer35Listening and speakingListening 1Listen and number the pictures.Dialogue 1Room CleaningH:Housekeepr,G:GuestH:Housekeeping, May i come in?G:yes.what is it?H:sorrytoditurb you,but l’d like to clean the room,can ldo it now?G:well.i’m expecting some friends now.could you come backe later?H:sure,what time would be convenient?G:what about 11am?H:no problem.G:by the way,how long will it take toclean the room?H:lt will be readey in half an hour.Role play 1A:sorry to distub/teouble you.l’d like to clean the room.can l do it now? B：well,i’expecting some friend/afriend.A:sure,what time would be convenient/better?B:what about 2pm/6pm?A:no problem.36Wordes and expressionsClean 打扫 housekeeping客房服务Convenient 方便的 invite 邀请Disturb 打扰，扰乱 ready 准备好的Expect等待，期待Listening 2Listen and fill in the blank and match it with the picture.1.make up the2.Have a3._______________the bathroom.4.Turn on the_______________.5.________________the curtain.( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )Dilogue 2Turn-down svrviceH:Housekeepr,G:GuestH:Turn-down svrice.may l come in?G:yes,please.H:l’ll make up the bed and do some cleaning.G:Great!would you piease clean the bathroom?l’ve just had a shower.H:no problem.G:thank you very mach.H:lt’s getting daek.may l turn on the lights and draw the curtains?G:that would be very kind of you.H:will that be all,sir?G:yes,you are so nice.H:l’m at your service.38Role play 2A:would you please clean the bathroom/make up the bed?l’ve just had a shower/a nap. B:no problem,sir/madam.A:thank you very much.B:lt’is goetting dark.may l turn on the lights and draw the curtains?A:that sounds nice.Word and ExpressionsCurtain窗帘turn-down做晚床的Dark 黑暗draw the curtain拉窗帘Draw 拉，拖turn on打开（开关等）Shower淋浴Listening 3Listen and choose the correct answer.1.A.hairdryer B.shampoo C.towerl2.A.toothbrushes B.towels C.newspapers3.A.toothpaste B.key C.toilet paper4.A.toothbrush B,toothpaster C.shampooDialogue 3Shanging ToiletruesH:Housekeepr,G:GuestH:good morning,madam.did you ring for sevice?what canl do for you?G:could you bring me some new towels,please?thesehaven’t been changed.H:l’m sorry ldidn’t notice that,madam.l’ll bring you someclean towels immediately.G:Thank you.(two minutes later,the bousekeeper brings clean towels.)H:what else can l do for you a bottle of shampoo at once.G:thank you very much.Role play 3A:Good morning ,madem/sir.what can l do for you?B:Could you bring me some new towels/shampoo/tooth paste/toilepaper,please?A:no problem.B:thank you.Words and experssionsBottle 瓶toothbrush牙刷Empty 空的toothpaste牙膏Hairdrdyer 吹风机towel 毛巾Notice 注意shampoo 洗发水Terridle 糟糕，讨厌shelf架子Toiletry 卫生间用品at once立刻，马上Pre-reading activities1.Which word can be used to talk about the job housekeeping Department?A.EasyB.lmaporyantfortable2.Guests will more often contact the staff in___Department in a hotel.A.RecreationB.financeC.housekeepingTaxtHousekeeping DepartmentHousekeeping Department is a basic but importantDepartment in a hotel.lt is responsible for cleaning therooms and making them tidy and comfortable. LtAlso helps to set up and making them tidy andcomfortable. Lt also help to set up and to take apartbanquets and meetings.the Housekeeping Departmentincludes housemaids,housemen,floorcleks,maintenance men and window washeres,floorclerks,housemaids and housemen allhave directcontact with guests so that their job is especially important.very little carelessness,such as an untidy bed sheet can upset a guest and affect his impression of the hotel.Words and epressionsAffect影响maintenance维修，维护Apart 分离，分开recreation娱乐，消遣Basic 基本的sheet床单，被单Carelessness 粗心，大意tidy整洁的Comfortable 舒适的，安逸的unchanged没有更换的Contact 接触，联系untidy不整洁的，凌乱的Direact 直接的upset使心烦Especially 尤其，特别washer洗涤工Finance 财政，金融set up准备，安排Housemaid 客房女服务员take apart整理；拆卸houseman 客服男服务员Exercises1.choose the best according to the passage.1)housekeeping Department staff should make the rooms____.A.clean and comfortableB.untidy but comfortableC.tidy but uncomfortableD.dirty but comfortable2)which department in a hotel will set up and take apart banquets?A.food and beverage department.B.Recreation department.C.Front office department.D.Housekeeping department.3)Which one is NOT a member of housekeeping Department.A:A housemaid B.Afloor clerkC.housemenD.window washers4)The following staff has direct contact with guestes except_____.A.floor clerksB.housemaidsC.housemenD.window washers5）oneexample of carelessness is________.A.a tidy bathroomB.an untidy bed sheetC.an empty ashtrayD.a new towel2.choose the correct word to complete the sentences.1)By/On the way,how long will it take to clean the room?2)May l turn at/on the lights and draw the curains?3)Did you ring to/for service?4)L’ll get you bottle of/off shampoo at once.5)An untidy bed sheet can upset aguest and affect his impression of/in the hotel.3.match and make up a dialogue.Guest’s lnguiry or requiry or Requirement.1)could you bring me a new towel,plerse?this hasn’t been changed.2)L’m expecting afriend now.could you do the turn-down service later?3)Would you please clean the bathroom?l’ve just taken a bath4)How long will it take to clean the bathroomHousekeeper’s AnswerA.lt will be ready in 15 minutes.B.Sure,what time would be convenient?C.l’m sorry ldidn’t notice that.l’ll bring it immediately.D.No problem41WritingTranslate the chinese given in the brackets and practice.1.A:_____________for you(什么时间方便）B:what about 11am?2.A:l’ll____________(铺床）and do some cleaningB:Great！Would you please clean the bathroom?3.A:may l_____________(开灯）and draw the curtains?B:the wlod be good4.A:could you bring me some new towels,please?these haven’t been changed. B:l’m sorry___________(我没有注意到这一点），madam.l’ll bring you some clean ones immediately.5.A:why is housekeeping department so important?B:because its work can____________(影响客人对酒店的印象）。

旅游管理英文作文Travel management is an exciting and dynamic field that involves coordinating and facilitating travel arrangements for individuals and groups. It requires a strong attention to detail, excellent communication skills, and the ability to adapt to changing situations.In this industry, it's important to stay updated on the latest travel trends, destinations, and technologies. This helps to provide clients with the best possible travel experience and ensures that their needs are met.One of the most rewarding aspects of travel management is the opportunity to create unforgettable experiences for clients. Whether it's organizing a luxury vacation, a corporate retreat, or a group tour, the ability to bring people together and help them explore the world is truly fulfilling.Effective communication is key in travel management, asit involves working with clients, travel suppliers, and other industry professionals. Being able to convey information clearly and professionally is essential for building and maintaining strong relationships.Problem-solving is another crucial skill in travel management, as unexpected issues can arise during travel. Whether it's a flight delay, a hotel reservation mix-up, or a medical emergency, the ability to think quickly and find solutions is invaluable.Overall, travel management is a fast-paced and rewarding industry that offers the opportunity to make a positive impact on people's lives. It requires a diverse set of skills and the ability to adapt to ever-changing circumstances, making it an exciting and challenging career choice.。

旅游管理 ssci英文回答:Tourism management is a field that involves the planning, organizing, and controlling of various activities related to tourism. It encompasses a wide range of tasks, including marketing and promotion, customer service, financial management, and destination planning. As a tourism manager, my role is to ensure that tourists have a positive and enjoyable experience while also maximizing the economic benefits for the destination.One of the key aspects of tourism management is marketing and promotion. This involves creating and implementing strategies to attract tourists to a particular destination. For example, I may work with advertising agencies to develop creative and compelling campaigns that showcase the unique attractions and experiences offered by the destination. By effectively promoting the destination, we can increase visitor numbers and generate revenue forlocal businesses.In addition to marketing, customer service is another important aspect of tourism management. It is crucial to ensure that tourists have a memorable and positive experience during their stay. This involves providing excellent customer service, addressing any concerns or issues that may arise, and ensuring that all aspects of their visit, from accommodation to transportation, are of high quality. For instance, if a tourist has a complaint about their hotel room, I will work with the hotel management to resolve the issue and ensure the guest's satisfaction.Financial management is also a critical component of tourism management. It involves budgeting, forecasting, and monitoring financial resources to ensure the sustainability and profitability of tourism operations. For example, I may analyze financial data to identify areas where costs can be reduced or revenue can be increased. This could involve negotiating better deals with suppliers or implementing new pricing strategies to attract more visitors.Destination planning is another important aspect of tourism management. This involves identifying anddeveloping new attractions and experiences to enhance the destination's appeal. For instance, I may collaborate with local stakeholders to create new hiking trails or organize cultural festivals to attract tourists. By continuously innovating and improving the destination, we can keep tourists engaged and encourage repeat visits.To summarize, tourism management involves various tasks such as marketing and promotion, customer service,financial management, and destination planning. Byeffectively managing these aspects, we can create memorable experiences for tourists while also maximizing the economic benefits for the destination.中文回答：旅游管理是一个涉及旅游相关活动的规划、组织和控制的领域。

自考英语单词表-上-12008-08-02 12:09英语(上)1课a单词successful / sEk5sesful/ a.成功的adult / 5AdQlt/ n.成年人; a.成年的, 成熟的disagree / 5disE5gri:/ vt.(with)1.有分歧,不同意;2.不一致,不符statement / 5steitmEnt/ n.声明,陈述guarantee / 5gArEn5ti:/ n./vt.保证,担保,保修intelligent / in5telidVEnt/ a.聪明的,明智的conversely / 5kRn5vE:sli, 5kRnvE:s-/ ad.相反地similar / 5similE/ a.相似的，类似的；与…相似(to)independent / 5indi5pendEnt/ a.独立的,自主的pattern / 5pAtEn/ n.1.型,模式,样式;2.花样,图案guesser n.猜测者clue / klu:/ n.线索,提示conclusion / kEn5klu:VEn/ n.结论,推论communicate / kE5mju:nikeit/ vi.通讯,交流,交际;vt.传达,传播communication / kE5mju:nikeiFEn/ n.通讯，交流；传达；通讯联系，交通工具inexact / inig5zAkt/ a.不正确的,不精确的incomplete / 5inkEm5pli:t/ a.不完整的purpose / 5pE:pEs/ n.1.目的,意图;2.用途regularly / 5regjulEli/ ad.整齐地,经常地,定期地purposefully ad.有目的地,蓄意地technique / tek5ni:k/ n.1.技术;2.技巧,手艺outline / 5aut-lain/ vt.概括,提出要点;n.轮廓;提纲disagree with 与…有分歧，不一致first of all 首先,第一depend on 依赖，依靠；依…而定be willing to 愿意,乐意be interested in 对…感兴趣on the other hand 另一方面英语(上)1课b单词instance / 5instEns/ n.例,实例deaf / def/ a.聋的;听力不佳的dumb / dQm/ a.哑的;无言的Englishman / 5iNgliFmEn/ n.英国人Italian / i5tAljEn/ n.意大利人;意大利语waiter / 5weitE/ n.侍者,服务员beer / biE/ n.啤酒soda-water n.苏打水,汽水traveler / 5trAvlE/ n.旅客,旅游者macaroni / 5mAkE5rEuni/ n.通心粉primitive / 5primitiv/ a.原始的exact / ig5zAkt/ a.精确的,正确的consist / kEn5sist/ vi.组成(of)simply / 5simpli/ ad.1.仅,只;2.完全地;3朴素地parrot / 5pArEt/ n.鹦鹉not only...but also 不但…而且neither...nor 既不…也不consist of 由…组成Italy / 5itEli/ n.意大利英语(上)2课a单词tax / tAks/ n.税(款) vt.对…征税generally / 5dVenErEli/ ad.一般地,通常,大体上federal / 5fedErEl/ a.联邦的type / taip/ n.类型,种类,品种;vt./vi.打字salaried / 5sAlErid/ a.拿薪水的,领工资的salary / 5sAlEri/ n.工资 vt.[常用被动语态]给…发薪earn / E:n/ vt.1.挣得,赚得;2.获得,赢得percentage / pE5sentidV/ n.百分比,百分率vary / 5vZEri/ vi.变化,有不同,差异;vt.改变,使不同graduated a.1.(税)累进的;2.分等级的;3.刻度的;4.毕业的sale / seil/ n.出售,卖;廉价出售charge / tFa:dV/ vt.1.索价;2.指控;3.装填,使充满;n.1.价钱,费用;2控告,指控;3.负责,主管;4.负荷item / 5aitEm/ n.条,条款,项目packet / 5pAkit/ n.小包,小盒;vt.打包,装行李;包装cigarette n.香烟,纸烟figure / 5figE/ n.1.数字;2.人物;3外形,轮廓;vt.(out)计算出;想出;理解addition / E5diFEn/ n.1.加,加法;2.附加物revenue / 5revinju:/ n.1.(国家的)岁入,税收;2.收入,收益diverse / dai5vE:s/ a.1.不同的,相异的;2.多种多样的confuse / kEn5fju:z/ vt.使混乱,混淆property / 5prRpEti/ n. 1.财产,资产,所有物;2.性质,特性excise / ek5saiz/ n.国产税;本国消费税fund / fQnd/ n.1.基金,专款;2.储备,贮存;vt.供以款项,提供资金department / di5pa:tmEnt/ n.部,部门,系municipal / mju:5nisipEl/ a.市的,市政的complain / kEm5plein/ vt./vi.抱怨(of, about)protest / prE5test, 5prEutest/ vt./vi.抗议,反对useless / 5ju:zlis/ a.1.无用的;2无价值的;3.无效的impractical / im5prAktikl/ a.不切实际的,不能实行的program / 5prEugrAm/ n.1.计划,规划;2.程序;3.节目,节目单;vt.为…编制程序view / vju:/ n.1.看法,见解,观点;2.视野,眼界;3.景色,风景;vt.看待,考虑,估量issue / 5iFu:/ n.1.问题,争论点;2.发行;3(书刊的)期号;vt.发行,颁布,出版tend / tend/ vi.(to)易于,往往会;倾向于;vt.照管,护理be sure of 确信…；确定…have a corner on 垄断(某物)=to have a(the) corner (on)similar to 跟…类似的，与…同样的in addition to 加之；又；除…之外；并且tend to 倾向，有…的趋势，趋于California / 5kAli5fR:njE/ 加利福尼亚(美国州名)North Dakota 北达科他(美国州名)英语(上)2课b单词advertise / 5AdvEtaiz/ vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告attract / E5trAkt/ vt.吸引，引起…的注意design / di5zain/ vt./vi.1.设计;2.预定,指定;n.1.设计;2.图样,图案;3.企图mail / meil/ n.邮件,邮递;vt.邮寄constantly / 5kRnstEntli/ ad.经常地;不断地;时常地product / 5prRdEkt/ n.产品,产物persuade / pE:5sweid/ vt.1.说服,劝服;2.使相信;leisure / 5leVE/ n.1.空闲时间,空暇;2.悠闲,安逸activity / Ak5tiviti/ n.1.活动,活跃;2.行动classified / 5klAsifaid/ a.1.分类的,被归为一类的;2.保密的,机密的edition / i5diFEn/ n.版,版本section / 5sekFEn/ n.1.章节,部分;2.部门,科;3.截面,剖面announcement / E5naunsmEnt/ n.通告,布告,告示available / E5veilEbl/ a. 可利用的,可获得的amount / E5maunt/ n.数量,数额,总数;vi.合计,共计(to)display / dis5plei/ n./vt.1.陈列,展览;2.显示entertainment / 5entE5teinmEnt/ n.(戏院,马戏团等的)娱乐,游艺,技艺表演;2.招待,款待audience / 5R:djEns/ n.听众,观众,读者limited / 5limitid/ a.有限的attractive / E5trAktiv/ a.有吸引力的,引起注意的characteristic / 5kAriktE5ristik/ a.特有的,典型的;为…特有的(of);n.特性,特征slogan / 5slEugEn/ n.标语,口号identify / ai5dentifai/ vt.认出，鉴定；认为…等同于(with) commercial / kE5mE:FEl/ a.商业的,商务的;n.商业广告department / di5pa:tmEnt/ n.部,部门,系responsible / ris5pRnsEbl/ a.1.需负责的,承担责任的(for);2.有责任感的,负责可靠的;3.责任重大的,重要的company / 5kQmpEni/ n.1.公司;2.同伴,陪伴particular / pE5tikjulE/ a.特定的；特殊的，特别的 n.详情，细节estimate / 5estimit, 5estimeit/ n.估计,估价;评价;vt.估计,估价management / 5mAnidVmEnt/ n.1.管理,经营;2.管理部门;3.资方approve / E5pru:v/ vt.1.赞成,同意;2.批准,核准involve / in5vRlv/ vt.1.使卷入,使参与(in);2.牵涉;3.包含,含有for the most part 在很大程度上,多半be characteristic of 为…所特有，是…的特征catch the eye 引人注目no more than 仅仅identify...with 把…和…等同起来carry over 继续下去,遗留下来as well as 除…之外(也)；和over and over 反复put up with 忍受,容忍be responsible for 对…负责任的；对…承担责任的decide on 决定,选定be involved in 与…有关联，参与，介入英语(上)3课a单词sailor / 5seilE/ n.水手,海员unwilling / 5Qn5wiliN/ a.不情愿的,不愿意的equator / i5kweitE/ n.赤道km n.公里;千公尺bulge / bQldV/ n.不规则突起;鼓起之处unusual / Qn5ju:VuEl/ a.不寻常的,与众不同的salty / 5sR:lti/ a.含盐的,咸的average / 5AvEridV/ n.平均数,平均;a.1.平均的;2.平常的,普通的;v.平均spot / spRt/ n.1.地点,处所;2.点,斑点;vt.1.点缀;2.认出,准确定位range / reindV/ n.山脉;幅度,范围;vi.(在某范围内)变动,变化;vt.把…排列成行peak / pi:k/ n.1.山峰;2.顶点mid-Atlantic a.大西洋中部的eastward / 5i:stwEd/ a.向东的;ad.向东vessel / 5vesl/ n.1.船,舰;2.容器,器皿crew / kru:/ n.全体船员,全体机务人员becalm / bi5kB:m/ vt.1.(常用被动)(指帆船)因无风而停止前进;2.使平静,使安静gulf / gQlf/ n.海湾stream / stri:m/ n.小河,溪流;vi.流,涌current / 5kQrEnt/ n.1.(空气,水等)流,潮流;2.潮流;3.电流;a.当前的,通行的affect / E5fekt/ vt.影响,打动climate / 5klaimit/ n.气候flow / flEu/ vi.流动;n.流furnish / 5fE:niF/ vt.1.供应,提供2.装备,(用家具)布置fishing / 5fiFiN/ n.捕鱼,钓鱼region / 5ri:dVEn/ n.地区,区域highway / 5haiwei/ n.公路;(水陆)交通干线iceberg / 5aisbE:g/ n.冰山float / flEut/ vi./vt.(使)漂浮steamship / 5sti:mFip/ n.汽船,轮船airplane / 5ZEplein/ n.飞机separate...from 使从…分离(分开，隔开)on average 根据平均标准；平均而言pile up 累积;(指若干车辆)碰撞在一起Atlantic / Et5lAntik/ 大西洋(=the Atlantic Ocean)America / E5merikE/ 美洲(前边加定冠词the)Pacific / pE5sifik/ 太平洋(=the Pacific Ocean)Columbus / kE5lQmbEs/ 哥伦布(意大利航海家，新大陆发现者)Puerto Rico 波多黎各(美国的一个自由联邦，实行自治)Azores / E5zR:z, E5zREz/ 亚速尔群岛Florida / 5flRridE/ 佛罗里达(美国州名)Sargasso Sea 马尾藻海(在西印度群岛东北)Gulf Stream 墨西哥湾流Labrador / 5lAbrEdR:/ 拉布拉多半岛(加拿大地名)Arctic / 5a:ktik/ 北极(the Arctic北极北区；北冰洋)Grand Banks 大浅滩(纽芬兰岛东南的大西洋浅滩)Newfoundland 纽芬兰(加拿大岛或省名)英语(上)3课b单词remain / ri5mein/ vi.1.仍然是,依旧是;2.剩下,余留observation / 5RbzE:5veiFEn/ n.注意,观察;观察物continually / kEn5tinjuEli/ ad.不停地,频频地gravitational / grAvi5teiFEnl/ a.吸引作用的,万有引力的,地心引力的diameter / dai5AmitE/ n.直径disc / disk/ n.1.圆盘;2.唱片,磁盘artist / 5a:tist/ n.艺术家,美术家merely / 5miEli/ ad.仅仅,只不过reflect / ri5flekt/ vt.反射,反映; 思考,考虑absolutely / 5AbsElu:tli/ ad.1.完全地,绝对地;2.肯定地uncomfortably ad.不舒适地,不安地inhabitant / in5hAbitEnt/ n.居民,住户earthlight / 5E:Wlait/ n.地球光moonlight / 5mu:nlait/ n.月光lunar / 5lju:nE/ a.月亮的occasionally / E5keiVEnEli/ ad.偶尔地,间或sunlight / 5sQnlait/ n.日光,太阳光except for 除了…外；除去；撇开keep...in mind 记住light up 使明亮,发亮speak of 谈起,提到英语(上)4课a单词psychological / 5saikE5lRdVikEl/ a.心理(学)的focus / 5fEukEs/ vt./vi.(on)(使)聚集,(使)集中焦点n. (注意,活动,兴趣等的)中心basic / 5beisik/ a.基本的,基础的principle / 5prinsEpl/ n.1.原理,原则;2.主义,信念meaningfulness n.富有意义organization / 5R:gEnai5zeiFEn/ n.1.组织;2.团体,机构association / E5sEusi5eiFEn/ n.1.联合,结合,交往;2.协会,社团; visualization / viVuElai5zeiFEn/ n.想象,设想meaningful / 5mi:niNful/ a.富有意义的,意味深长的rhyme / raim/ n.韵,押韵ability / E5biliti/ n.能力,能耐random / 5rAndEm/ a./ad.胡乱的,任意的, 随便的; n.无目的或目标organize / 5R:gEnaiz/ vt.组织jumble / 5dVQmbl/ vt./vi. 混杂chunk / tFQNk/ n.一大块,一厚块;vt.分块,组块easily / 5i:zili/ ad.容易地categorize / 5kAtigEraiz/ n.分类following / 5fRlEuiN/ a.接着的,下列的category / 5kAtigEri/ n.1.门类,种类;2.范畴;3.(整个系统或组合中的)部门needless / 5ni:dlis/ a.不需要的,不必要的refer / ri5fE:/ vi.提到，涉及；查阅 vt.把…归类于relate / ri5leit/ vt.1.叙述,讲述;2.使相互关联(…to);vi.(to)有关联accurately / 5Akjuritli/ ad.准确地,精确地memorize / 5memEraiz/ vt.熟记,记住associate / E5sEuFieit/ vt.把…联系在一起；交往 n.同事 a.副的improvement / im5pru:vmEnt/ n.改进,增进visualize / 5vizjuElaiz/ vt.想象,设想imagery / 5imidVEri/ n.写作中直喻或比喻的使用;像或肖像的总称;意象repetition / 5repi5tiFEn/ n.1.重复,反复;2.背诵integrated / 5intEgreitid/ a.成整体的,完全的,完整的image / 5imidV/ n.像,形象,映像,图像mental / 5mentl/ a.1.智力的,脑力的;2.精神的,思想上的preserve / pri5zE:v/ vt.1.保护,维持;2.保存,保藏focus on 集中make sense 有意义make a difference 有影响,起(重要)作用needless to say 不用说refer to 提到,涉及;参考,查阅relate...to 与…有关系associate...with 把…联系在一起；与…常在一起，与…为友Mount Fuji 富士山Japan / dVE5pAn/ 日本英语(上)4课b单词short-term a.短期的long-term a.长期的recall / ri5kR:l/ vt.1.回忆,回想;2.召回;3.撤消,收回contrast / 5kRntrAst, kEn5trAst/ n.对比，对照 vi.形成对比 vt.把…与…对比dial / 5daiEl/ vt./vi.拨(电话号码),打电话(给);n.1.钟(或表)面;2.标度盘;3.拨号盘interrupt / 5intE5rQpt/ vt.打断,打扰;终止,阻碍;vi.打断,打扰unable / 5Qn5eibl/ a.[后接动词不定式]不能的，不会的psychologist / sai5kRlEdVist/ n.心理学家human / 5hju:mEn/ a.人的,人类的;n.人apparatus / ,ApE5reitEs/ n.器械,器具,设备rat / rAt/ n.鼠release / ri5li:s/ n./vt.1.释放,解放;2.发布,发行;3放开,松开reward / ri5wR:d/ n./vt.1.酬劳,奖赏;2报答interval / 5intEvEl/ n.间隔,间距;幕间(或工间)休息represent / 5repri5zent/ vt.作为…代表(代理)；表示；表现intermediate / 5intE5mi:djEt/ a.中间的;中级的advanced / Ed5va:nst/ a. 先进的,高级的native-speaking a.说本族语的,讲本国话的recording / ri5kR:diN/ n.录制(尤指广播,电视等)节目speaker / 5spi:kE/ n.1.说话者,演讲者;讲某种语言的人;2.扬声器paragraph / 5pArEgra:f/ n.(文章的)段落,节alike / E5laik/ a.同样的,相像的wither / 5wiTE/ vt./vi.(使)枯萎,凋谢method / 5meWEd/ n.方法,办法system / 5sistim/ n.1.系统,体系;2.制度,体制unrelated a.无关的,不相关的proficiency / prE5fiFEnsi/ n.[U]熟练，精通in contrast 成对比look up 在字典、参考书中查找be unable to 不能做某事turn on 开,接通(水源,电源,煤气等)turn off 关,关断(水源,电源,煤气等)to begin 首先，开始Los Angeles 洛杉矶(美国加州西南一港市)英语(上)5课a单词fallacy / 5fAlEsi/ n.谬见，错误的信念；谬误推理，谬论quality / 5kwRliti/ n.1.质量;2.品质,特性deer / diE/ n.鹿savage / 5sAvidV/ a.1.野蛮的,未开化的;2凶猛,残酷的tribe / traib/ n.1.种族,部落;2.(植物,动物)族,类bravery / 5breivEri/ n.[U]英勇，勇敢；勇气man-eating n./a.食人;食人的eager / 5i:gE/ a.热切的,渴望的civilized / 5sivilaizd/ a.文明的,开化的ginger / 5dVindVE/ n.生姜,姜root / ru:t/ n.1.根(部);2.根本,根源;v.(使)生根,(使)扎根magical / 5mAdVikEl/ a.1.魔术的,似魔术的;2.不可思议的,迷人的poisonous / 5pRiznEs/ a.有毒的overseas / 5Euve5si:z/ ad.在(向)海外,在(向)国外;a.(在)海外的,(在)国外的widespread / 5waidspred/ a.分布(或散布)广的,普遍的muscle / 5mQsl/ n.1.肌肉;2.力量,实力chew / tFu:/ vt./vi.咀嚼helpful / 5helpful/ a.1.给予帮助的,肯帮助的;2.有益的,建设性的digestive / di5dVestiv/ a.消化(食物)的juice / dVu:s/ n.汁,液digest / di5dVest, 5daidVest/ vt.消化;n.文摘foundation / faun5deiFEn/ n.1.根据;2.基金会;3.基础,地基mixture / 5mikstFE/ n.混合;混合物belief / bi5li:f/ n.1.相信;2.信念,信仰acid / 5Asid/ n.酸,酸性物质;a.酸的curdle / 5kE:dl/ vi./vt.(使)结成凝乳;变成凝乳状indigestible / indi5dVestEbl/ a.难消化的;不能消化的digestion / di5dVestFEn/ n.消化;吸收cream / kri:m/ n.奶油,奶油色combination / 5kRmbi5neiFEn/ n.1.结合,联合;2.化合,化合物protein / 5prEuti:n/ n.蛋白质carbohydrate / 5ka:bEu5haidreit/ n.碳水化合物；[pl.]淀粉质食物chiefly / 5tFi:fli/ ad.大半, 主要contain / kEn5tein/ vt.包含,容纳be eager to 热切想做,渴望要做substitute for …的替代物have...to do with 与…有关as a matter of fact 事实上,其实;事实恰恰相反think of...as 把…看成英语(上)5课b单词insect / 5insekt/ n.昆虫ant / Ant/ n.蚂蚁hardworking / 5ha:d5wE:kiN/ a.努力工作的wrestle / 5resl/ vi.角力或摔跤比赛mock / mRk/ vt./vi.愚弄,嘲弄;a.假的,模拟的engage / in5geidV/ vi. (in)从事于,参加;vt.1.使从事于,使忙于;2.占用(时间等)sober / 5sEubE/ n.1.冷静的，镇定的；2.认真，严肃的frog / frRg/ n.蛙grave / greiv/ a.1.严重的；2.严肃，庄重的；n.坟墓owl / aul/ n.猫头鹰nest / nest/ n.巢，窝beaver / 5bi:vE/ n.海狸dam / dAm/ n.坝, 堤arrange / E5reindV/ vt.1.安排，筹划；2.整理，排列plaster / 5pla:stE/ vt.1.粘贴；2.涂灰泥于(墙等)；n.灰泥,石膏mud / mQd/ n.泥，泥浆spider / 5spaidE/ n.蜘蛛scarcely / 5skZEsli/ ad.几乎不,几乎没有creature / 5kri:tFE/ n.1.生物，动物；2.人imitate / 5imiteit/ vt.1.模仿，仿效；2.仿制,仿造shepherd / 5FepEd/ n.牧羊人improvement / im5pru:vmEnt/ n.改进,增进fashion / 5fAFEn/ n.1.方式，样子；2.流行式样instinct / 5instiNkt/ n.1.本能，直觉；2.生性，天性hut / hQt/ n.小屋，棚屋cage / keidV/ n.笼variety / vE5raiEti/ n.1.变化，多样化；2.品种，变种；3.种种，多种多样boot / bu:t/ n.靴etc. (=et cetera)［缩］［拉］以及其他，等等wit / wit/ n.智力，才智unlike / 5Qn5laik/ prep.不像…，和…不同 a.不相似的，不同的a great deal 大量，许多be true with 对…一样，对…也是真的engage in 从事,忙于be true of 对…一样，对…也是真的as if 好像,似乎仿佛search for 搜寻,搜寻,探察take care of 1.爱护;２.照顾,照料;３.处理,对付英语(上)6课a单词rare / rZE/ a. 稀有的,难得的substance / 5sQbstEns/ n.1.物质;2.实,本质;3.主旨,大意slight / slait/ a.轻微的,纤细的carbon / 5ka:bEn/ n.碳extreme / iks5tri:m/ a.1.极端的,极度的;2.尽头的,末端的;n.极端pressure / 5preFE/ n.压力,压强liquid / 5likwid/ a.液体的,液态的;n.液体molten / 5mEultEn/ a.(melt的过去分词)(指金属)熔化的crack / krAk/ n.裂缝,裂口;vi.爆裂,破裂crust / krQst/ n. 1.地壳;2.面包皮,硬外皮,外壳crystal / 5kristl/ n.水晶;晶粒;a.清澈透明的,水晶制的,晶体的popular / 5pRpjulE/ a.流行的,通俗的,大众的;受欢迎的gem / dVem/ n.宝石,珠宝handful / hAndful/ n.一把,一小撮gravel / 5grAvEl/ n.碎石,砂砾formation / fR:5meiFEn/ n.[地]岩层；形成，构成pipe / paip/ n.1.管子,导管;2.烟斗;3.火山筒;vt.用管道输送volcano / vRl5keinEu/ n.火山somewhat / 5sQmwRt/ ad.稍微,有点blast / bla:st/ n.1.疾风,强风;2.爆炸;vt.炸,炸掉elevator / 5eliveitE/ n.电梯,升降机crush / krQF/ vt.1.压碎,碾碎;2.镇压,压倒destroy / dis5trRi/ vt.1.破坏,毁灭;2.消灭grease / gri:s, gri:z/ n.油脂;滑脂impressive / im5presiv/ a.给人印象深刻的,感人的greasy / 5gri:si/ a.1.涂有油脂的,油污的;2.油腻的,滑的pebble / 5pebl/ n.小圆石;卵石experienced / iks5piEriEnst/ a.有经验的miner / 5mainE/ n.矿工immediately / i5mi:djEtli/ ad.1.立即地,即刻地;2.直接地,紧密地be made of 由…构成be popular with 受…喜欢；受…欢迎run out 用尽sort out 分类,整理stick to 附着,粘住India / 5indiE/ 印度Brazil / brE5zil/ 巴西Russia / 5rQFE/ 俄罗斯South Africa 南非英语(上)6课b单词beneath / bi5ni:W/ prep.在…下面(或底下)，低于haze / heiz/ n.薄雾morning-glory n.牵牛花aside / E5said/ ad.在旁边,到(或向)一边magnify / 5mAgnifai/ vt.1.放大;2.扩大,夸大puzzle / 5pQzl/ vt.(使)迷惑,(使)为难;vi.迷惑,苦思;n.1.测验(智力,技巧等)的问题(或游戏),智力玩具;2.迷,seed / si:d/ n.种子observe / Eb5zE:v/ vt.1.注意到,察觉到;2.观察;3.说;4.遵守,奉行seaweed / 5si:wi:d/ n.海草;海藻former / 5fR:mE/ a.在前的,以前的;n.前者latter / 5lAtE/ a.1.后者的;2.后一半的,接近终了的;n.后者inorganic / 5inR:5gAnik/ a.无机的dwelling / 5dweliN/ n.住处;住宅fairy / 5fZEri/ n.神仙,仙人broad / brR:d/ a.1.宽的,阔的;2.广泛的delicious / di5liFEs/ a.1.美味的;2.(味觉或嗅觉)使人愉快的closely / 5klEusli/ ad.1.紧密地;2.严密地,密切地suck / sQk/ v.吸,吸收sap / sAp/ n.1.树液;2.元气,精气dissolve / di5zRlv/ vt.1.(使)溶解,(使)融化;2.解散,取消turn aside from 离开be satisfied with 对…感到心满意足take place 发生lie in 在于hold good for (对…)适用live on 靠…生活take in 吸收；让…进入；接纳，接受suck up 吸收,吸出,吸起take up 1.拿起;2.吸收,溶解;3.占去(地方,时间,注意力等)英语(上)7课a单词definition / 5defi5niFEn/ n. 定义,释义marriage / 5mAridV/ n.结婚,婚姻descend / di5send/ vi.1.传下,遗传;2.下来,下降ancestor / 5AnsistE/ n.祖先,祖宗household / 5haushEuld/ n.家庭,户;a.家庭的,家常的grandparent / 5grAndperEnt/ n.(外)祖父或(外)祖母relative / 5relEtiv/ n.亲属,亲戚;a.相对的traditional / trE5diFEnl/ a.传统的security / si5kjuEriti/ n.安全basically / 5beisikEli/ ad.基本上,从根本上说nuclear / 5nju:kliE/ a.1.核子的,核能的;2.核心,中心的extended / iks5tendid/ a.1. 展开的,扩大的;2.延伸的,延续的;3.广阔的,广泛的nucleus / 5nju:kliEs/ n.(原子)核;核心mother-in-law n.岳母;婆母agricultural / 5Agri5kQltFErEl/ a.农业的industrial / in5dQstriEl/ a.工业的,产业的industrialize / in5dQstriElaiz/ vt.(使)工业化post-industrial a. (经济基础已由重工业转为服务业,高技术等的)后工业化的earner n.赚钱者;获得收入者split / split/ vi.1.撕裂,裂开;2.分裂,分开;vt.劈开,使分裂;n.分裂,裂口divorce / di5vR:s/ n./vi.离婚 vt.与…离婚，使分裂social / 5sEuFEl/ a.1.社会的;2.交际的,社交的remarry / 5ri:5mAri/ vt./vi.(使)再婚care for 喜欢，对…中意；对…担心；照顾，照料split up 1.分裂,分开;2.吵架,离婚talk of 谈到,谈起英语(上)7课b单词structure / 5strQktFE/ n.1结构,构造;2.建筑物;vt.建造,建立generation / 5dVenE5reiFEn/ n.1.一代(人);2.产生,发生customary / 5kQstEmEri/ a.1.习惯上的,惯常的;2.合乎(或基于)习俗的partner / 5pa:tnE/ n.1.配偶;2.搭档,伙伴,合伙人similarity / 5simi5lAriti/ n.相似,类似role / rEul/ n.1.角色;2.作用similarly / 5similEli/ ad.相似地,类似地physical / 5fizikEl/ a.1.身体的,肉体的;2.物理的,物理学的;3.物质的,有形的emotional / i5mEuFEnl/ a.感情的,情绪的provider n.1.供应者;提供者;2.养家糊口的人housework / 5hauswE:k/ n.家务劳动;家事preparation / 5prepE5reiFEn/ n.准备,预备pregnant / 5pregnEnt/ a.怀孕的,妊娠的primary / 5praimEri/ a.最初的,初级的;首要的,主要的,基本的preschool / 5pri:5sku:l/ a.学龄前的,入学前的baby-sitter n.代人临时照看小孩的人dependent / di5pendEnt/ a.依靠的,依赖的(on, upon)provide for 赡养，为…提供必需品in addition 另外,加之give up 交出,让出;放弃,抛弃,辞去instead of 代替；而不是…be busy doing 忙于做(某事)in conclusion 最后,在结束时英语(上)8课a单词telecommunication n.电信,远距离通信via / 5vaiE/ prep.经由,经过,通过satellite / 5sAtElait/ n.卫星,人造卫星transmit / trAnz5mit/ vt.1.播送,发射;2.传送,传递;3.输送photography / fE5tRgrEfi/ n.1.摄影,照相;2.摄影术telegraph / 5teligra:f/ n.1.电报机,电报(指通信方式);2(一份)电报;vt.用电报发送;打电报给;vi.打电报establish / is5tAbliF/ vt.1.建立,创办,设立;2.确立,使确认signal / 5signEl/ n.信号，暗号 vt./vi.(向…)发信号orbit / 5R:bit/ vt./vi.绕(…的)轨道运行 n.轨道visual / 5vizjuEl/ a.视觉的,看得见的capable / 5keipEbl/ a.有能力的，有才能的；能…的(of)broadcast / 5brR:dka:st/ n./vt./vi.广播,播音computer / kEm5pju:tE/ n.计算机,电脑theory / 5WiEri/ n.1.理论,原理;2学说access / 5Akses/ n.1.通道,入口;2.接近(或进入)的机会,享用机会unlimited / 5Qn5limitid/ a.1.无界限的,无边无际的;2.无限制的,无约束的;3.无数的,无限量的demonstrate / 5demEnstreit/ vt.1.说明,演示;2.论证,证实;vi.示威游行educational / 5edju5keiFEnl/ a.1.教育的,教育方面的;2.有教育意义的remote / ri5mEut/ a.1.遥远,偏僻的;2.(可能性)很小的isolate / 5aisEleit/ vt.使隔离,使孤立;a.孤立的transportation / 5trAnspR:5teiFEn/ n.1.运输;2.运输系统,运输工具instruction / in5strQkFEn/ n.教学，指导；命令，指示，用法说明conversation / 5kRnvE5seiFEn/ n.谈话,会话simultaneously ad.同时发生地,同时进行地channel / 5tFAnl/ n.频道；航道；渠道 vt.通过…获得，传送risk / risk/ vt.冒…的危险 n.冒险，风险privacy / 5praivEsi/ n.1.私事,私生活;2.隐私;3.独处personal / 5pE:sEnl/ a.1.个人的,私人的;2.亲自的movie / 5mu:vi/ n.电影contact / 5kRntAkt, kEn5tAkt/ n.接触，联系 vt.与…接触，使联系technology / tek5nRlEdVi/ n.工艺,技术harm / ha:m/ n./vt.伤害,损害,危害expert / 5ekspE:t/ n.专家,能手;a.熟练的,内行的application / 5Apli5keiFEn/ n.1.申请,申请表;2.应用,实施be capable of (指人)有某种能力或倾向的have access to 可接近,可进入lead to 导致;通向Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会Tokyo 东京Olympics / ou5limpiks/ 奥林匹克运动会比赛项目(=Olympic Games)英语(上)8课b单词obvious / 5RbviEs/ a.显然的,明显的widely ad.1.广泛地,普遍地;2.广博地;3.大大地shelter / 5FeltE/ n.1.掩蔽,保护;2.掩蔽处,躲避处;vt.掩蔽,庇护atmosphere / 5AtmEsfiE/ n.1.大气,大气圈,大气层;2.(心理上的)周围情况,环境,气氛deadly / 5dedli/ a.致死的,致命的ray / rei/ n.光线,射线atmospheric / 5AtmEs5ferik/ a.1.大气的,空气的;2.大气层的;大气所引起的automobile / 5R:tEmEbi:l/ n.汽车tire / 5taiE/ n.轮胎gas / gAs/ 1.气体;2.煤气;3.汽油per / pE:/ prep.每,每一column / 5kRlEm/ n.1.柱,圆柱;2.栏,专栏(文章)electrical / i5lektrikEl/ a.电的,电气的existence / ig5zistEns/ n.1.存在;2.生存,生活gaze / geiz/ vi./n.凝视,注视lightning / 5laitniN/ n.闪电thorough / 5WQrE/ a./ad.1.彻底的,完全的;2.仔细周到的,精心的radar / 5reidE/ n.雷达create / kri(:)5eit/ vt.1.创造;2.创作;3.引起,产生hydrogen / 5haidridVEn/ n.氢curve / kE:v/ n.1.曲线,弧线;2.弯曲;vt./vi.(使)弯曲,(使)成曲线unending / Qn5endiN/ a.1.永无止境的,不尽的;2.不断的,不停的meantime / 5mi:n5taim/ n.同时,其间element / 5elimEnt/ n.1.成分,要素;2.元素atomic / E5tRmik/ a.原子能的;原子的explosion / iks5plEuVEn/ n.爆炸,爆发in order to 为了protect...from 防御(危险;敌人等)rest upon 依赖,依靠in the meantime 在此期间,(与此)同时pay attention to 注意Sydney Chapman 西德尼·查普曼(人名)英语(上)9课a单词learned / 5lE:nid/ a.1.有学问的,博学的;2.学术上的;a.经过训练学到的cultivated / 5kQltiveitid/ a.1.耕种的,耕作的;2.栽培的,非野生的;3.有修养的,文雅的concern / kEn5sE:n/ n.1.关心,挂念;2.关系,关联;vt.1.涉及,有关于;2.使关心,使挂念stock / stRk/ n.1.备料,库存;2.股票,公债;3.有货;vt.储备,储存possession / pE5zeFEn/ n.所有，拥有；所有物relatively / 5relEtivli/ ad.比较而言;相对地educated / 5edVukeitid/ a.1.受过教育的,有知识的;2.有教养的occasion / E5keiVEn/ n.1.时刻;2.场合,重大(或特殊)的活动;3.时机,机会acquaintance / E5kweintEns/ n.1.认识,了解;2.相识的人,熟人formal / 5fR:mEl/ a.1.正式的;2.形式的3.礼仪上的highly ad.高度地;极;非常topic / 5tRpik/ n.1.题目,话题;2.主题elevated / 5eliveitid/ a.1.提高的,升高的;2.高贵,庄严的style / stail/ n.1.风格;2.文体;3.式样importance / im5pR:tEns/ n.重要(性)vivacious / vi5veiFEs/ a.活泼的,轻快的case / keis/ n.1.情况,事实;2.病例;案件;3.箱,盒noun / naun/ n.名词Latin / 5lAtin/ a.拉丁的,拉丁人的,拉丁语的;n.拉丁语,拉丁人derivative / di5rivEtiv/ n.派生词;派生物;a.派生的,衍生的adjective / 5AdViktiv/ n.形容词grown-up a.成熟的,成人的;n.成年人apply / E5plai/ vi.1.申请,请求(for);2.适用(to);vt.应用,运用(to) absolute / 5AbsElu:t/ a.绝对的,完全的popularity / 5pRpju5lAriti/ n.1.普及,流行;2.名望,受欢迎classification / 5klAsifi5keiFEn/ n.分类;分级convenient / kEn5vi:njEnt/ a.方便的avoid / E5vRid/ vt.避免,避开misconception / 5miskEn5sepFEn/ n.误解,错误想法;错误印象presence / 5prezns/ n.1.出席,到场;2.存在cultivation / 5kQlti5veiFEn/ n.1.耕种,耕作;2.教养,修养literature / 5litEritFE/ n.1.文学,文学作品;2.文献,图书资料make up 1.(由部分)组成,构成(全体);2.弥补,补偿,赔偿(损失等);3.捏造,虚构stock in trade 1.库存;2.常用手段belong to 属于；是…的成员at large 1.普遍,一般地;2.自由地,(未被捕)逍遥自在地come up 出现as to 至于,关于be due to 由于,因为rather than 与其…(不如)；不是…(而是)英语(上)9课b单词vocabulary / vE5kAbjulEri/ n.1.词汇(量);2.词(汇)表context / 5kRntekst/ n.上下文,语境interrupt / 5intE5rQpt/ vt.打断,打扰;终止,阻碍;vi.打断,打扰process / 5prEuses/ n.1.过程,进程;2.工序,加工方法;vt.加工,处理productive / prE5dQktiv/ a.1.生产的;2.多产的,富饶的;3.富有成效的swift / swift/ a.快速的,敏捷的securely ad.1.安全地;2.牢固地,稳固地;3.信心十足地,有把握地intend / in5tend/ vt.1.想要,打算(后接to do或doing);2.意指,意思是specific / spi5sifik/ a.1.具体的,明确的;2.特定的,特有的preference / 5prefErEns/ n.(for, to)1.偏爱;2.优先(权)prefix / 5pri:fiks/ n.前缀suffix / 5sQfkis/ n.后缀insert / in5sE:t, 5insE:t/ vt.插入,嵌入apparently / E5pArEntli/ ad.1.显然地;2.表面上,似乎consult / kEn5sQlt/ vt.1.请教,向…咨询;2.查阅,查看;vi.交换意见,商议tentative / 5tentEtiv/ a.试探性的;尝试性的spark / spa:k/ n.火花,火星;vi发火花,发电花;vt.激发,引起personally / 5pE:sEnEuli/ ad.1.亲自,当面;2.就个人而言;3.作为个人,个别地heighten / 5haitn/ vt.1.加高,提高,增高;2.增加,,加强formula / 5fR:mjulE/ n.公式maximum / 5mAksimEm/ n.最大限度,最大量,顶点;a.最高的,最大的effectiveness / i5fektivnis/ n.效果,有效性sharpen / 5Fa:pEn/ vt.1.削尖,磨尖;2.使敏锐,使敏捷awareness n.1.意识,觉悟;2.懂事,明智contextual / kEn5tekstFuEl/ a.上下文的;取决于上下文的accuracy / 5AkjurEsi/ n.准确(性),精确(性)ease / i:z/ n.1.容易;2.舒适,安逸;vt./vi.缓和,减轻come across 偶然遇见,碰上begin with 以…开始，以…为起点come up with 提出after all 毕竟;终究provide somebody with 给某人提供…Sherlock Holmes 夏洛克·福尔摩斯。