《分析化学》专业英语阅读材料03

化工专业英语————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 Geｎｅrａl Cheｍiｓtry 分析化学Ａnalｙtical Ｃｈeｍistｒy 有机化学ＯrganiｃChemistｒy 物理化学 Phｙｓｉcal Ｃhｅｍisｔｒy 谱学导论Ｉnｔrod ｕctｏn of Spectroscoｐy 无机化学Iｎｏrganｉc Cheｍistry 普通化学和分析化学实验Exｐeriｍｅnts of ＧeneｒａｌａnｄAnａlytiｃａl Cｈeｍistrｙ现在基础化学 The Prｉｎciｐｌe oｆＭordeｒn Cｈemisｔry 现在基础化学实验 Exｐeｒｉmeｎｔｓｏf Ｍodｅrn Fｕｎdaｍｅnｔａl Cｈeｍistry 有机化学实验Ｅxpeｒiｍenｔs ｏf OrganiｃＣｈemｉstｒy 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Exｐｅriments of Instｒumｅntal Analysis and Ｐhyｓｉｃal Ｃｈeｍiｓtrｙ合成化学实验 Expeｒimｅｎtｓ of Syntｈｅtｉc Chemｉstrｙ现代化学专题 Topic oｆ Mｏdern Ｃhemistry 化学综合实验 Exｐerimeｎts of CoｍprｅhensivｅCｈｅmistry 化工原理 Prｉｎｃiple of C ｈemical Engineeｒing 化工原理实验 Expeｒiｍentｓ of Chemical Eｎｇiｎeeｒing 应用化学实验Exｐeriｍｅnts of Aｐｐlｉeｄ Chemisｔry 无机合成化学Ｓynthｅｔic Inorgａniｃ Cｈemistｒy 近代分析化学 Modern Anａlyｔｉｃal Ｃhｅmisｔｒy 分离分析化学 Sｅparatioｎ Analytical Ｃhemisｔrｙ有机化合物波谱鉴定 Sｐecｔrｕm Idｅnｔiｆiｃaｔｉｏn oｆ Orgａｎｉｃ Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 OrgａniｃSyntｈeｓiｓ anｄ Mechanics 化学进展 Proｇreｓs ｉｎＣhemｉstｒｙ化学反应工程 Chemiｃaｌ Reaｃtｉｏn Ｅnｇiｎeerｉng 应用电化学 Aｐpliｅd Ｅlecｔｒochｅｍistrｙ工业催化 Induｓｔｒｉaｌ Catalysｉs 环境化学Ｅｎvironmeｎｔal Cｈemiｓｔry 环境监测 Envｉｒonmenｔal Ｍoniｔｏring 化学科技英语Sｃｉentific E ｎglish for Ｃhemiｓtry 数理方法在化学中的应用Mathemaｔical Statistics ｆor Cheｍｉｓtry 化工制图CｈｅｍiｃaｌＥngｉｎeｅｒing Ｃartｏgraｐhy 计算机与化学测量实验Computｅr ａnd CｈemicaｌMeａsureｍent 化学信息学 Chemoinｆormａt ｉcs oｒ ChemicaｌInfｏrmatｉcs 应用化学专题Special Ｔopicｓin AｐplｉeｄChemisｔry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introductｉｏn 方案(建议书) ｐroposal 可行性研究ｆeａsibiｌity ｓtｕd ｙ方案设计 concepｔ design 工艺设计 procesｓ design 基础设计baｓiｃ design详细设计 deｔail ｄeｓigｎ开工会议 kｉck－oｆf meetinｇ审核会议 rｅviｅｗmeetinｇ外商投资 fｏｒeｉｇｎ inｖｅstｍent 中外合资joint ventｕrｅ中外合营ｊoiｎt ｖｅnture 补偿贸易ｃoｍpensatiｏｎ trade 合同合同附件ｃoｎｔｒacｔ卖方 vｅndor 买方 buyer 顾客 clｉｅnt 承包商ｃoｎtrａcｔor 工程公司 compaｎy 供应范围scope of sｕｐply 生产范围prｏductiｏn scopｅ生产能力ｐroduction caｐaciｔy 项目 prｏject 界区ｂaｔtｅry lｉmit 装置 planｔ公用工程 utiliｔieｓ工艺流程图 process flｏw diａgram 工艺流程方块图ｐrocess bｌocｋ dｉaｇr ａm 管道及仪表流程图 pipiｎg ａnｄ iｎstｒuｍent drａｗing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat bａlance diａgｒaｍ蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steaｍ & coｎdensate ｂalance ｄiaｇram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表eqｕiｐmeｎt lｉsｔ成品(产品) ｐroducｔ(final product) 副产品ｂy-ｐｒoduct 原料 raw-ｍateriaｌ设计基础数据basｉc daｔa for desiｇｎ技术数据technical data 数据表ｄatａ sheet 设计文件dｅsｉgn docuｍent 设计规定ｄesｉgn ｒｅgulａtion 现场服务 sｉｔe ｓervice 项目变更ｐrｏject ｃｈanｇe 用户变更ｃｌienｔchange 消耗定额ｃo ｎsuｍｐtｉoｎ qｕotａ技术转让tｅcｈnｉcaｌ traｎsfer 技术知识 technical knoｗ-how ｔｅchnｉｃal ｋｎowleｄge 技术保证technｉｃal guaｒanteｅ咨询服务 cｏnｓultaｔive ｓerｖｉces 技术服务ｔecｈｎical ｓｅrvicｅs 工作地点locaｔiｏn 施工现场consｔrｕction field 报价ｑuoｔation 标书 bidding book 公司利润coｍpany pｒofit 固定价合同ｆｉxｅd pｒｉｃe contract 固定单价合同fixeｄ unit pricｅ conｔrａct 成本加酬金合同 cost plus awarｄ fee contｒａct 定金ｍobiｌizaｔｉｏｎ银行保证书 bａnk ｇuarａｎteｅ letter 保留金ｒeten ｔiｏn 所得税ｉncoｍe ｔａxｅs 特别承包人税ｓpeciaｌcontractｏr's taxes 城市和市政税 city and ｍunｉcipaｌ tａxes 工作手册ｗork manｕａl 工作流程图work ｆlｏw diaｇrａｍ质量保证程序QA/QC procｅdurｅs 采购计划 procuｒeｍent ｐｌaｎ施工计划ｃonstructiｏn plan 施工进度construｃtion ｓｃhedule 项目实施计划ｐrｏjeｃt ｅxecutiｏn plan 项目协调程序prｏjeｃt coordinａtioｎ p ｒoceduｒｅ项目总进度计划ｐroject ｍａsteｒｓcheｄule 设计网络计划ｅｎgineering ｎetｗoｒk logic 项目质量保证pｒoject qualiｔｙａssuｒance 项目质量控制ｐrojｅｃｔ qualｉtｙcontrｏl 采购pｒｏcｕremｅnt 采购周期ｐrocｕremeｎt ｐeｒiod 会签 the squad checｋ计算书cａlculation shｅets 询价inquiry 检验ｉnspectｉｏn 运输transｐortatｉon 开车 start ｕｐ/ ｃｏｍmiｓsiｏｎ验收ｉnspection & accｅptanｃｅ校核 check 审核 review 审定 approｖe 版次 versｉon 部门 depaｒｔｍent 专业 sｐecialty 项目号 projeｃt ｎuｍｂeｒ图号ｄrawing nｕmｂeｒ目录 cｏｎtｅnts 序言 foreword 章 chaｐter 节sｅction 项iteｍＭR matｅriaｌｒequisｉtｉon ＳPEＣ engiｎｅeｒing sｐeciｆic ａｔｉon DATA SHEET（技术表）ｔechnｉcal ｄata sｈeet TBA（技术评标） techｎica ｌｂｉｄanaｌyｓis PDＰpｒeliｍｉnary desｉgn paｃkage ＰＭ (项目经理) prｏject ｍａnagｅr LＤE（专业负责人) ｌｅad ｄiscｉplｉne enｇineｅｒ Maｔer ｉaｌrｅquiｓｉtioｎ for qｕotatiｏn MRQ(材料询价单) MＲP（材料采购单) mａterial ｒｅｑuｉsition for pｕrｃhasｅ BEP(基础工程设计包）ｂasic eｎgiｎee ｒｉng ｐackaｇe P＆ID(管道及仪表流程图）ｐｉping and instruｍenｔｄrawing(ｄｉaｇram) PＦD proceｓs flow dｉａgrａm NNF normally no fｌow FＯ failurｅope ｎ FC faｉｌurｅｃloｓe C/Ｓ/Ａｃivil/structure/arcｈitecture detail ｄｅsig ｎ pｈaｓe ＤDP（详细设计阶段)二. 工艺流程连续过程 continｕoｕs procｅｓｓ间歇过程ｂatch procｅss 工艺叙述 procｅｓｓdescrｉpｔion 工艺特点process featuｒe 操作oｐeraｔｉon 反应 reａctｉon 副反应 side ｒｅactｉoｎ絮凝ｆloｃcｕlａｔiｏn 浮洗 flotatｉｏｎ倾析dｅcantaｔioｎ催化反应 cａtalyticａl reactｉon 萃取 extｒａction 中和neｕtralization 水解 hydrｏlysis 过滤fｉltratioｎ干燥drｙing 还原reductiｏn 氧化 oｘidａtioｎ氢化hydrogenａtiｏn 分解 dｅcｏｍpoｓition 离解diｓｓｏciatｉoｎ合成ｓynthｅtｉcs 吸收 absｏrｐｔｉｏn 吸附 adsoｒptiｏn 解吸desorpｔion 结晶cｒyｓtallizaｔioｎ溶解 solutｉｏn 调节ｍｏdulａtｅ控制conｔrｏl 悬浮 sｕspeｎsion 循环ciｒcｕlａｔion 再生 regｅneｒａtiｏn 再活化ｒｅａcｔiｖatioｎ沥取 lｅacｈinｇ破碎 cｒuｓhiｎg 煅烧 caloinatioｎ沉降ｓｅdｉmentatｉｏｎ沉淀ｐrecipｉtatｉon 气化 gａｓｉfication 冷冻 refriｇeratioｎ固化、结晶sｏlｉdiｆiｃａtiｏn 包装 paｃkage 升华suｂlimation 燃烧comｂustion 引烧ｉgniｔiｏn 蒸馏 distillaｔiｏn 碳化 carｂonizatioｎ压缩 com ｐｒeｓｓioｎ三、化学物质及特性固体 sｏliｄ液体 liｑuiｄ气体 gas 化合物cｏｍpoｕｎd 混合物ｍiｘturｅ粉pｏｗder 片状粉未flake 小粒 gｒanule 结晶 crｙstａｌ乳化物 emulsiｏn 氧化物oｘidｉｚing agｅnt 还原剂 reducing ａgent 有机物ｏｒgａｎic ｍaｔerial 真空vacuum 母液ｍasｔer liquｏr 富液 rich liquｏr 贫液ｌean liquor 萃出物extract 萃余物rafｆｉnａｔｅ絮凝剂 flｏcculants 冷冻盐水ｂｒine 酸度 acidi ｔy 浓度 concentｒａtｉon 碱度 alkaliｎitｙ溶解度 solubility 凝固点ｓolidi ｆicaｌioｎｐoｉnｔ沸点 boiling point 熔点mｅlｔing poiｎt 蒸发率evaporatiｏn rate 粘度 vｉsｃｏsｉｔy 吸水的 watｅr absorbeｎt(a) 无水的ａnhydrous(a）外观 apｐｅaranｃe 无色的 colｏrless（a) 透明的 transparｅnt(ａ) 半透明的 tｒansluｃent 密度 dｅnsity 比重 specific gｒavity 催化剂caｔａｌysｔ燃烧 coｍbｕｓｔioｎ引燃 ignｉｔioｎ自然点 selｆ-ｉgniｔiｏn temperatｕrｅ可燃气体combusｔiblｅgas 可燃液体 iｎflammable liｑuｉd 易燃液体vｏlaｔile ｌiquｉd 爆炸混合物ｅxｐｌosivｅｍiｘturｅ爆炸性环境ｅxplosｉvｅ atm ｏspｈｅｒe（environment) 爆炸极限 exｐｌosｉｖe ｃoｎcentratｉｏn liｍｉt 废水ｗasｔe waｔｅr 废液ｗasｔe liquid 废气 oｆf-gas 噪声 nｏise polluｔioｎ成分 cｏｍposｉtion 挠度 deｆlｅction 力和力矩 force and ｍoment 弯矩beｎdｉng momenｔ应力-应变曲线 sｔress-straｉｎdｉaｇｒam 百分比 perceｎｔage 环境温度ａmbieｎｔｔemｐeraturｅ工作温度operａting 设计温度 desiｇn tempｅrature(pressuｒe) 相对湿度 RH=relａtｉve humｉditｙ油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质impuriｔy四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵ａxｉal ｆlow pump 真空泵 vacuｕm ｐump 屏蔽泵canneｄ pump 柱塞泵pｌunger pump 涡轮泵 turbｉne pump 涡流泵 vorｔeｘｐump 离心泵 cｅntｒifugal pｕmp 喷射泵ｊet ｐump 转子泵rotaｒy ｐump 管道泵 iｎlｉne pumｐ双作用往复泵 dｏｕｂle acｔioｎ rｅciprocａting pump 计量泵 meｔeｒing pｕｍｐ深井泵ｄｅep welｌpumｐ齿轮泵ｇear ｐump 手摇泵 haｎd(wｏbble) pump 螺杆泵sｃｒｅw (spirａｌ） pｕmp 潜水泵 suｂmeｒsibｌe ｐump 斜转子泵 incliｎeｄ rot ｏr puｍｐ封闭式电磁泵 hermetically ｓealed mａgｎetic ｄrｉve ｐｕｍp 气升泵air-ｌifｔ-ｐｕmp 轴承beａring 叶轮 impelｌer 虹吸管sipｈｏn 高压容器hｉgh pressｕｒe vｅｓsel 焚化炉incineｒator 火焰清除器fｌamｅ arrester 工业炉ｆuｒnace 烧嘴 buｒnｅr 锅炉 bｏｉｌeｒ回转窑 rotaｒｙ kilｎ加热器heater 电加热器ｅlｅctric hｅａter 冷却器ｃooleｒ冷凝器conｄenser 换热器ｈｅaｔ exchａｎｇer 反应器ｒｅactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器agitatoｒ混合器mixer 静态混合器 sｔatic mixers 管道混合器lｉne miｘers 混合槽mixiｎg tａｎks 破碎机crusher 磨碎机grｉnder 研磨机 pulｖeriｚeｒ球磨机 ballmilｌ过滤器 filｔer 分离器 sepaｒａｔor 干燥器 drｉer 翅片fiｎs 烟囱 staｃk 火炬ｆlare 筛子 sｃｒeen 煅烧窑 calcinｅr 倾析器 decanteｒ蒸发器 evaporaｔoｒ再沸器 rｅｂoiler 萃取器 exｔｒacｔor 离心机 cｅnｔrifugeｒ吸附（收)器 adsorbｅｒ结晶器 cｒystａllizer 电解槽eｌecｔroｌｙzｅｒ电除尘器ｅlectｒiｃpｒecipitatｏr 洗涤器 scruｂbｅｒ消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bｉn 料斗hoｐpeｒ加料器ｆｅeｄeｒ增稠器thickeneｒ澄清器clａrifier 分级器ｃlａsｓｉfiｅｒ浮洗器ｆｌｏccuｌatoｒ废液池sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头sprayｅr 成套设备 packａge uｎiｔ仪器设备 appａratus 附属设备 accｅｓsory 旋转式压缩机rｏtａrｙｃompr ｅｓｓor 往复式压缩机rｅcｉproｃatinｇ compｒessor 水环式压缩机nａｓｈcoｍｐｒessｏr 螺杆式压缩机hｅｌical sｃrew comｐreｓsor 离心式压缩机cｅntrifuｇａｌｃｏｍpresｓor 多级压缩机 mutipｌe ｓtａgeｓ compresｓor 固定床反应器 fixed ｂｅd ｒeacｔｏr 流化床反应器 fｌuidizｅｄ bed reａctor 管式反应器ｔubular reacｔｏr 列管式换热器 tｕbulａr ｈeat eｘchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral pｌate ｈeat eｘｃhａｎgeｒ萃取塔 exｔｒaｃｔｉon coｌumｎ板式塔plate ｃolumn 填料塔packed cｏlumｎ洗涤塔sｃrubber 吸收塔 absorｂer 冷却塔cｏolinｇtowｅｒ精馏塔fractｉonaｔinｇ toweｒ汽提塔ｓtripper 再生塔ｒeｇeneratｏｒ造粒塔ｐrｉlｌ toｗer 塔附件 tｏwer ａcｃessoriｅs 液体分配（布)器 liｑuiｄｄistributor 填料支持板sｕｐpｏrt pｌatｅ定距管 spａcer 降液管ｄownｃoｍer 升气管 chimnｅy 顶（底）层塔盘 tｏp (boｔｔom) traｙ挡板ｂａfflｅ抽出口 draw nozｚle 溢流堰ｗeir 泡罩 bubblｅ cａp 筛板 sieve ｐlａｔｅ浮阀 float valｖe 除沫器 dｅｍiｓｔer pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elｌｉptical heaｄ高位槽 heaｄｔank 中间槽iｎｔermediaｔe ｔaｎk 加料槽feｅｄtank 补给槽ｍake-ｕp tanｋ计量槽 measuriｎg tａｎｋ电解槽 celｌ溜槽 chut ｅ收集槽 collecｔing taｎk 液滴分离器 knｏcｋout ｄrum 稀释罐 tｈｉｎｎing tank 缓冲罐 sｕｒｇｅ drum 回流罐ｒeｆlux druｍ闪蒸罐ｆlaｓh ｄruｍ浮顶罐floating rooｆtanｋ内浮顶罐ｃovereｄ flｏatinｇｒoof tａnk 球罐 spheroi ｄ气柜gａs hoｌder 湿式气柜 wet gas-hoｌder 干式气柜 dry gaｓ-holdｅr 螺旋式气柜 heｌical ｇaｓ-hｏlder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rｏｔaｒy valvｅ抽滤器mutche filter 压滤器 filteｒ press 压滤机 pｒｅsｓure filter 板框压滤器plａｔe-ａnd-fram filter ｐreｓs 转鼓过滤器ｒotaｒy druｍfilter 带式过滤器 belt ｆilｔeｒ翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag ｆｉltｅr 旋风分离器 cyｃｌoｎｅ seｐａratｏr 盘式干燥箱cｏmpaｒtment tray drier 真空干燥器vaｃuum drieｒ隧道式干燥器tunｎel ｄrier 回转干燥器 roｔａｒy drｉer 穿流循环干燥器 tｈroｕgｈ circｕlａtion drｉer 喷雾干燥器ｓpray ｄｒiｅｒ气流干燥器pneumaｔｉc cｏnveyｏｒ dr ｉｅr 圆盘式加料器ｄish feｅdeｒ螺旋式加料器ｓcrew feｅder 颚式破碎机 jａw cｒusheｒ回转破碎机gyraｔorｙcrｕsher 滚洞破碎机 roｌl ｃrｕsheｒ锤式破碎机hａmmer ｃｒuｓheｒ冲击破碎机ｒotor ｉmpａcｔｂｒeaker 气流喷射粉碎机ｊｅt pulveriｚｅr 棍磨机 rod mｉll 雷蒙机 rayｍonｄｍill 锤磨机 hammｅr mill 辊磨机 roller milｌ振动筛vｉbｒａｔｉng scrｅeｎ回转筛 rotary sｃｒee ｎ风机faｎ罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机ｒoot＇s blower crａｎe ｂridge ｃrａne ｍotor hoｉst geｎｅrａtｏr motor steam ｔu ｒｂｉｎe五、管道工程piｐiｎｇengiｎｅering1 阀门ｖalve阀杆stem 内螺纹阀杆insiｄe ｓcｒｅw 阀座vaｌve sｅａt (body seaｔ）阀座环、密封圈 sealing riｎｇ阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等）ｔriｍ阀盘ｄisc 阀体 bｏdy 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hanｄ wheel 手柄 hand levｅl (handle) 压盖 gｌａnd 闸阀ｇate valｖｅ平行双闸板 dｏｕble disc paｒａｌlel ｓeat 楔形单闸板ｓpｌiｔwedｇｅ截止阀ｇlobe ｖalve 节流阀 tｈrｏttle valｖe 针阀 nｅedle vａlve 角阀(角式截止阀) anglｅ valve Ｙ型阀（截止阀）Ｙ-ｖalve(Y-bｏdy gｌobe valve) 球阀 balｌ valve 三通球阀３-wａy bａｌl ｖalｖe 蝶阀ｂutｔerfly ｖalve 对夹式(薄片型) wafｅr ｔyｐe 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset diｓc (eccｅnｔrｉc) ｂｕtterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 cａnted disc butｔｅｒfly valvｅ连杆式蝶阀ｌiｎｋｂutterf ｌy valｖｅ止回式蝶阀ｃombined nｏn-reｔurn ｂuttｅｒfly valve 柱塞阀ｐiston type ｖalve 旋塞阀 pluｇ valve 三通旋塞阀 threｅ-ｗａy ｐｌug valve 四通旋塞阀 fouｒ-wａy plｕg vａlve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 slｅeve cocｋ隔膜阀diaphragm ｖalve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphｒagｍ valve 直通式隔膜阀ｓt ｒaiｇｈｔway diaphragｍ valve 夹紧式胶管阀ｐinch vａlｖe 止回阀cheｃk ｖalve 升降式止回阀 liｆｔｃheck vａlve 旋启式止回阀 swinｇｃｈeck ｖaｌve 落球式止回阀 ball ｃheck ｖalｖe 弹簧球式止回阀 spring bａll chｅｃk valve 底阀 fｏot valvｅ切断式止回阀stｏｐ cheｃk valve 活塞式止回阀pisｔon chｅｃk ｖalve 翻板止回阀 flａｐ cheｃk valｖe 蝶式止回阀 buttｅｒfly cheｃｋ vａlve 安全泄气阀saｆety[SV］安全泄放阀 reｌief vａlve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safeｔｙｒeｌief vａlve 杠杆重锤式 lever and ｗeiｇhｔｔｙpe 罐底排污阀 flｕsh－bot ｔom tank vａlve 波纹管密封阀ｂeｌｌow sealｅｄvalｖe 电磁阀soｌeｎｏid (operａteｄ) vａｌve 电动阀ｅlectrically（electric－mｏｔor)operａｔｅd valve 气动阀ｐnｅｕmatiｃoperated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic ｓerｖicｅｖalve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mｅchａniｃal traｐ浮桶式疏水阀 open （top) buckｅt trａｐ浮球式疏水阀float trａp 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bｕckｅt ｔra ｐ自由浮球式疏水阀ｌｏose float ｔｒap 恒温式疏水阀 thｅrmostａtiｃ trａp 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 bａlanced pｒesｓure thermｏsｔatic tｒap 热动力式疏水阀 the ｒmodynamic tｒａp 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀imｐulse steａm tｒap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀）(ａｕｔｏmａtic) aｉｒ vｅｎt ｖalve 换向阀ｄiｖerｔiｎg (rｅｖeｒｓing）ｖａlve 呼吸阀 breather ｖalve 减压阀 pｒeｓsurｅreducinｇ vａlve 控制阀 cｏntｒol vaｌvｅ执行机构 actuatｏｒ差压调节阀difｆerenｔial ｐrｅｓsurereguｌatｉnｇ valｖe 切断阀 block (sｈut-ofｆ, stｏp) ｖalve 调节阀regulａting vaｌve 快开阀 quiｃk openinｇ vａlve 快闭阀ｑｕick cloｓing valvｅ隔断阀isoｌatiｎg valvｅ三通阀thrｅe ｗａy valｖe 夹套阀 jａcketｅd valve 非旋转式阀 non-ｒoｔａry valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管） tubｅ(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管steel ｐｉpe 铸铁管 cast iron pｉpｅ衬里管 lｉned pipe 复合管cｌad ｐiｐe 碳钢管carbon steel[Ｃ.Ｓ.]ｐipe 合金钢管alloy sｔeeｌ pｉpｅ不锈钢管sｔａinlｅs ｓ sｔｅeｌ[S.S.]pｉpｅ奥氏体不锈钢管 aｕｓteｎitic staｉnleｓs steel piｐe 铁合金钢管 fｅrrｉtｉｃ alloy stｅｅl pipｅ轧制钢管 wrouｇhｔ－ｓteel ｐipe 锻铁管 wrought-ｉron pipe 无缝钢管seａmｌｅss[ＳＭLS] steeｌ piｐe 焊接钢管ｗelded ｓteｅl pipe 电阻焊钢管 electrｉc－reｓｉsｔance-welｄed ｓｔｅel pipe 电熔(弧）焊钢板卷管 eleｃtric-ｆｕsiｏn(arc)-wｅldeｄｓtｅeｌ-pｌate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管ｓｐiral wｅｌded stｅel pｉpe 镀锌钢管ｇalvanized ｓteｅl pipe 排污阀ｂlowdｏwn valｖe 集液排放阀dｒiｐｖａlvｅ排液阀dｒａｉn valve 放空阀 v ｅnｔ valｖｅ卸载阀uｎloａding vａlve 排出阀ｄisｃhａｒｇe vaｌvｅ吸入阀suction valvｅ取样阀sampｌiｎg ｖaｌvｅ手动阀 haｎd opeｒated(manualｌy－operated) vaｌve (水)龙头ｂibb;bｉb；ｆaucｅt 抽出液阀(小阀) blｅed vaｌｖｅ旁路阀bｙ-pass valvｅ软管阀hoｓe vaｌvｅ混合阀miｘing ｖalvｅ破真空阀vacｕuｍ bｒeaker 冲洗阀ｆｌush valvｅ根部阀ｒoot （priｍaｒｙ，header) valve 水煤气钢管wateｒ－gas sｔｅｅl pipｅ塑料管plastic ｐipｅ玻璃管ｇｌass tuｂｅ橡胶管ｒubbｅr tuｂe 壁厚 wａll thiｃkness[ＷT] 壁厚系列号 scｈｅdule numbｅr[ＳCH.NO．] 加厚的,加强的 eｘtra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的ｄｏuble extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducｉｎg elbow 长半径弯头 long radｉus elbow 短半径弯头 sｈort radｉuｓｅlbow 长半径 1８0°弯头ｌoｎg ｒaｄius rｅturn 短半径 180°弯头 shｏrt radｉus returｎ三通 tee 异径三通ｒeｄuciｎg ｔee 等径三通 strａight teｅ带支座三通 bａse ｔee 45°斜三通４5°lateraｌ trｕｅ"Y" Y 型三通四通ｃｒoss 异径管 rｅdｕcer 同心异径管concentric ｒedｕcer 偏心异径管 eｃｃｅｎtric reducｅr 管接头couｐｌiｎg;ｆulｌcouplｉｎｇ活接头ｕniｏn 短管 niｐplｅ预制弯管 fabｒiｃateｄ pipe ｂeｎd U 型弯管 "Ｕ"bend 法兰端flangｅｄ enｄ万向接头 uniｖersaｌ jｏint 对焊的 bｕtt ｗelded[BW］螺纹的 tｈｒeadeｄ[ＴＨD] 承插焊的 sｏcｋet ｗelｄeｄ[S Ｗ] 法兰 fｌaｎｇe［FLＧ] 整体管法兰ｉntegｒal piｐｅflangｅ钢管法兰 steel pｉpe ｆlａnge 螺纹法兰 tｈreadｅd flange 滑套法兰sliｐ-on flange 平焊法兰slip-on-weldiｎg flange 承插焊法兰socket ｗeldinｇflａngｅ松套法兰ｌａｐjoint fｌaｎge[LJF］对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF］法兰盖 blinｄflａngｅ；bｌind 异径法兰 reｄuｃing fｌaｎge 压力级 pressure ｒatｉｎg（claｓs) 突面r ａiseｄｆace[RF] 凸面 male ｆace 凹面femａle fａce 全平面;满平面ｆlat faｃe；fｕｌl faｃe[FＦ］3．管道特殊件pｉping sｐecｉaliｔy粗滤器ｓｔｒａinｅr 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器ｔｅmｐoraｒy sｔrａiner(ｃonｅtypｅ) Ｙ型过滤器Y-ｔｙpe strａｉnｅｒT 型过滤器 T-tｙpe stｒainer 永久过滤器 permａnent ｆilｔer 洗眼器及淋浴器eye wａsｈer and shoｗer 视镜 siｇｈt glasｓ阻火器 fｌame arrｅster 喷咀;喷头spray nozzle 喷射器ｅjｅctor 取样冷却器 saｍｐle cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节expanｓｉon joｉｎt 波纹膨胀节b ｅlｌow 补偿器 cｏmpenｓaｔor 软管接头 hosｅｃonｎｅctioｎ［HＣ］快速接头 q ｕick coｕｐliｎｇ金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubｂer hose 挠性管 flexｉbｌe ｔube 特殊法兰 speｃial flanｇe 漏斗fuｎnel ８字盲板 spｅctacｌe (figure ８) blind 爆破板 rｕpturｅdiｓk４,其它材料碳素钢 cａrbon steel [C．S.]不锈钢stａinlｅｓs sｔｅeｌ[S.S．] 铸铁ｃａsｔ i ｒoｎ［Ｃ.I.] 铝ａlumｉnｕm 铜,紫铜coｐper 钛ｔｉtａniuｍ抗拉强度ｔｅｎs ｉｌe strengtｈ非金属材料nｏn-mｅtaｌlic matｅriaｌ塑料 plastic 陶瓷 cera ｍic 搪瓷ｐorｃelain ｅnameｌ玻璃 gｌaｓs 橡胶ruｂｂer 垫片ｇaskeｔ[GSＫT］平垫片 flat gasket 填料ｐaｃkinｇ型钢 shａped steｅｌ角钢ａngle steel 槽钢ｃhannel 工字钢 I－beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wｉｄe flaｎｇed ｂeam 扁钢 f ｌａt bar 圆钢ｒｏuｎd stｅel; rod 钢带 straｐ stｅel 网络钢板ｃheｃkered pla ｔe 材料表ｂill of ｍatｅriａｌ[BOM] 材料统计 material ｔake－off[ＭTO] 散装材料bulｋｍaterial 综合管道材料表ｃonｓolｉｄaｔed piｐｉｎｇmａterial suｍmａry ｓｈeeｔ[CPMSS] 汇总表 suｍｍary ｓheeｔ5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 centeｒlｉne 装置边界ｂoｕndary limit[BＬ] 区界 area ｌiｍiｔ设备布置eｑuiｐment arｒanｇｅment (layout)；plｏt ｐlan 标高，立面 elevａtioｎ［ＥＬ] 支撑点 poｉｎt oｆ supporｔ[ＰOＳ] 工厂北向 plａnt north 方位ｏｒienｔa ｔiｏｎ危险区 hazａrｄｏuｓ area ｃlassifｉcation 净正吸入压头ｎet pｏsitive sｕctｉｏn ｈeaｄ绝对标高ａbsolute eｌｅvation 坐标ｃooｒdｉｎａt ｅ管道研究 pipｉnｇ study 管道布置平面 pｉpｉng aｒrａngｅment pｌan[ＰAP] 管道布置 piping ａssembｌｙ; layouｔ详图ｄetａil "Ｘ"视图ｖiew "Ｘ" ＂A-A" 剖视 seｃtioｎ "A－Ａ" 轴测图 isomｅtric ｄrawiｎg 索引图 keｙ plａn 管道及仪表流程图 pｉｐing and iｎｓtrｕｍent diaｇram[P&ID] 管口表liｓt of nozzles 地上管道 above grｏｕnd ｐiping 地下管道 under gｒouｎd pipiｎg 管线号line ｎumbeｒ总管 heａder; manｉfｏlｄ旁路 bｙpａss 常开 normally oｐen 常闭 noｒmally closeｄ取样接口ｓampｌing conｎection 伴热管 trａcｉng pipe 蒸汽伴热ｓteam tracing 热水伴热ｈｏt-water tｒａｃｉｎg 电伴热 elｅctｒicａl tracing 夹套管jacketeｄ linｅ全夹套管 full jaｃkeｔｅd 比例 scaｌe 图 fiｇurｅ草图sｋetch 图例 legeｎd 符号 sｙｍbol 件号ｐart ｎ。

化学是关于物质组成和组成变化（的学科）——简而言之，化学是一门物质科学。

物理学主要（chiefly）是关于能量以及物质和能量相互作用（的学科），包括诸如热、光、声、电、机械能和核能等能量形式。

物质所有的组成变化（过程中）或者释放能量或者吸收能量，因为这个理由（for this reason），化学和物理学的关系是一种最为密切的（intimate, ['intimit]）关系（one指代relationship）。

我们将任何（any）一种物质组成的变化都认为是化学变化（chemical change）。

例如，如果你将醋（vinegar）倒在在一个玻璃器皿承装的烘干的苏打（baking soda (NaHCO3, sodium bicarbonate; Na2CO3, sodium carbonate）上，你就会看到气泡冒出/逃逸（escaping），（并且）随着（反应过程中）能量的释放，（器皿中）的液体会变热。

当停止冒气泡时，你能通过煮沸（boiling）而蒸发（evaporate）液体，直到最终仅有一种白色的粉末留下来。

但是，这种白色的粉末已经不是原始的/最初的（original）烘干的苏打。

它是一种具有新性质的新物质（characteristics一般指特性，而properties一般指普遍性质）。

比如，如果你加入醋它就不再冒气泡。

这种新的物质与你最初混合在一起的两种物质之一（either of）在组成上都是不同的（material一般指原料或者原材料，而substance既可以作为原材料也可以作为产物来指代，product只指代产物）。

一个化学反应已经发生了。

所有的生命物质都包含化学（结构）上结合了H元素的C元素，所以由C和H组成的化学物质的化学，无论它们的起源，就被称为有机化学（organic chemistry）。

那些不包含C元素和H元素的物质即是“无机的”，其化学被称为无机化学（inorganic chemistry）。

专业英语词汇-----分析化学第一章绪论分析化学：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法：instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation 相对平均偏差：relative average debiation 标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S 相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应：differentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet 萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ]溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method 条件电位：conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method银量法：argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：volatilization method引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair 沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis 仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis 电解法：electrolytic analysis method 电重量法：electrogravimetry库仑法：coulo metry库仑滴定法：coulo metric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration 电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration 伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极：primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极：saturated calomel electrode 银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterogeneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode 流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外－可见分光光度法紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝（紫）移：blue shift增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect 减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect 强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅：holographic grating光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform,CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT 多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group 第十三章荧光分析法荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fluorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫：vibrational relaxation内转换：internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越：intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield 荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quenching method 散射光：scattering light瑞利光：Rayleith scattering light拉曼光：Raman scattering lightAbbe refractometer 阿贝折射仪absorbance 吸收度absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption 吸收absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptivity 吸收系数accuracy 准确度acid-dye colorimetry 酸性染料比色法acidimetry 酸量法acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分acidity 酸度activity 活度第十四章色谱法additive 添加剂additivity 加和性adjusted retention time 调整保留时间adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附affinity chromatography 亲和色谱法aliquot （一）份alkalinity 碱度alumina 氧化铝ambient temperature 室温ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵analytical quality control（AQC）分析质量控制anhydrous substance 干燥品anionic surfactant titration 阴离子表面活性剂滴定法antibiotics-microbial test 抗生素微生物检定法antioxidant 抗氧剂appendix 附录application of sample 点样area normalization method 面积归一化法argentimetry 银量法arsenic 砷arsenic stain 砷斑ascending development 上行展开ash-free filter paper 无灰滤纸（定量滤纸）assay 含量测定assay tolerance 含量限度atmospheric pressure ionization(API) 大气压离子化attenuation 衰减back extraction 反萃取back titration 回滴法bacterial endotoxins test 细菌内毒素检查法band absorption 谱带吸收baseline correction 基线校正baseline drift 基线漂移batch, lot 批batch(lot) number 批号Benttendorff method 白田道夫（检砷）法between day (day to day, inter-day) precision 日间精密度between run (inter-run) precision 批间精密度biotransformation 生物转化bioavailability test 生物利用度试验bioequivalence test 生物等效试验biopharmaceutical analysis 体内药物分析，生物药物分析blank test 空白试验boiling range 沸程British Pharmacopeia (BP) 英国药典bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法bromimetry 溴量法bromocresol green 溴甲酚绿bromocresol purple 溴甲酚紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝bromothymol blue 溴麝香草酚蓝bulk drug, pharmaceutical product 原料药buret 滴定管by-product 副产物calibration curve 校正曲线calomel electrode 甘汞电极calorimetry 量热分析capacity factor 容量因子capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 毛细管区带电泳capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法carrier gas 载气cation-exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂ceri(o)metry 铈量法characteristics, description 性状check valve 单向阀chemical shift 化学位移chelate compound 鳌合物chemically bonded phase 化学键合相chemical equivalent 化学当量Chinese Pharmacopeia (ChP) 中国药典Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese materia medica 中药学Chinese materia medica preparation 中药制剂Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (CPA) 中国药学会chiral 手性的chiral stationary phase (CSP) 手性固定相chiral separation 手性分离chirality 手性chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子chromatogram 色谱图chromatography 色谱法chromatographic column 色谱柱chromatographic condition 色谱条件chromatographic data processor 色谱数据处理机chromatographic work station 色谱工作站clarity 澄清度clathrate, inclusion compound 包合物clearance 清除率clinical pharmacy 临床药学coefficient of distribution 分配系数coefficient of variation 变异系数color change interval （指示剂）变色范围color reaction 显色反应colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法column capacity 柱容量column dead volume 柱死体积column efficiency 柱效column interstitial volume 柱隙体积column outlet pressure 柱出口压column temperature 柱温column pressure 柱压column volume 柱体积column overload 柱超载column switching 柱切换committee of drug evaluation 药品审评委员会comparative test 比较试验completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度compound medicines 复方药computer-aided pharmaceutical analysis 计算机辅助药物分析concentration-time curve 浓度－时间曲线confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信限congealing point 凝点congo red 刚果红（指示剂）content uniformity 装量差异controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数contrast test 对照试验counter ion 反离子（平衡离子）cresol red 甲酚红（指示剂）crucible 坩埚crude drug 生药crystal violet 结晶紫（指示剂）cuvette, cell 比色池cyanide 氰化物cyclodextrin 环糊精cylinder, graduate cylinder, measuring cylinder 量筒cylinder-plate assay 管碟测定法daughter ion （质谱）子离子dead space 死体积dead-stop titration 永停滴定法dead time 死时间decolorization 脱色decomposition point 分解点deflection 偏差deflection point 拐点degassing 脱气deionized water 去离子水deliquescence 潮解depressor substances test 降压物质检查法derivative spectrophotometry 导数分光光度法derivatization 衍生化descending development 下行展开desiccant 干燥剂detection 检查detector 检测器developer, developing reagent 展开剂developing chamber 展开室deviation 偏差dextrose 右旋糖，葡萄糖diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diazotization 重氮化2,6-dichlorindophenol titration 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 差示扫描热量法differential spectrophotometry 差示分光光度法differential thermal analysis (DTA) 差示热分析differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂diffusion 扩散digestion 消化diphastic titration 双相滴定disintegration test 崩解试验dispersion 分散度dissolubility 溶解度dissolution test 溶出度检查distilling range 馏程distribution chromatography 分配色谱distribution coefficient 分配系数dose 剂量drug control institutions 药检机构drug quality control 药品质量控制drug release 药物释放度drug standard 药品标准drying to constant weight 干燥至恒重dual wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法duplicate test 重复试验effective constituent 有效成分effective plate number 有效板数efficiency of column 柱效electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器electron impact ionization 电子轰击离子化electrophoresis 电泳electrospray interface 电喷雾接口electromigration injection 电迁移进样elimination 消除eluate 洗脱液elution 洗脱emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析enantiomer 对映体end absorption 末端吸收end point correction 终点校正endogenous substances 内源性物质enzyme immunoassay(EIA) 酶免疫分析enzyme drug 酶类药物enzyme induction 酶诱导enzyme inhibition 酶抑制eosin sodium 曙红钠（指示剂）epimer 差向异构体equilibrium constant 平衡常数equivalence point 等当点error in volumetric analysis 容量分析误差excitation spectrum 激发光谱exclusion chromatography 排阻色谱法expiration date 失效期external standard method 外标法extract 提取物extraction gravimetry 提取重量法extraction titration 提取容量法extrapolated method 外插法，外推法factor 系数，因数，因子feature 特征Fehling’s reaction 费林反应field disorption ionization 场解吸离子化field ionization 场致离子化filter 过滤，滤光片filtration 过滤fineness of the particles 颗粒细度flame ionization detector(FID) 火焰离子化检测器flame emission spectrum 火焰发射光谱flask 烧瓶flow cell 流通池flow injection analysis 流动注射分析flow rate 流速fluorescamine 荧胺fluorescence immunoassay(FIA) 荧光免疫分析fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) 荧光偏振免疫分析fluorescent agent 荧光剂fluorescence spectrophotometry 荧光分光光度法fluorescence detection 荧光检测器fluorimetyr 荧光分析法foreign odor 异臭foreign pigment 有色杂质formulary 处方集fraction 馏分freezing test 结冻试验funnel 漏斗fused peaks, overlapped peaks 重叠峰fused silica 熔融石英gas chromatography(GC) 气相色谱法gas-liquid chromatography(GLC) 气液色谱法gas purifier 气体净化器gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法general identification test 一般鉴别试验general notices （药典）凡例general requirements （药典）通则good clinical practices(GCP) 药品临床管理规范good laboratory practices(GLP) 药品实验室管理规范good manufacturing practices(GMP) 药品生产质量管理规范good supply practices(GSP) 药品供应管理规范gradient elution 梯度洗脱grating 光栅gravimetric method 重量法Gutzeit test 古蔡（检砷）法half peak width 半峰宽[halide] disk method, wafer method, pellet method 压片法head-space concentrating injector 顶空浓缩进样器heavy metal 重金属heat conductivity 热导率height equivalent to a theoretical plate 理论塔板高度height of an effective plate 有效塔板高度high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) 高效液相色谱法high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) 高效薄层色谱法hydrate 水合物hydrolysis 水解hydrophilicity 亲水性hydrophobicity 疏水性hydroscopic 吸湿的hydroxyl value 羟值hyperchromic effect 浓色效应hypochromic effect 淡色效应identification 鉴别ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重immobile phase 固定相immunoassay 免疫测定impurity 杂质inactivation 失活index 索引indicator 指示剂indicator electrode 指示电极inhibitor 抑制剂injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫injection valve 进样阀instrumental analysis 仪器分析insulin assay 胰岛素生物检定法integrator 积分仪intercept 截距interface 接口interference filter 干涉滤光片intermediate 中间体internal standard substance 内标物质international unit(IU) 国际单位in vitro 体外in vivo 体内iodide 碘化物iodoform reaction 碘仿反应iodometry 碘量法ion-exchange cellulose 离子交换纤维素ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱ion suppression 离子抑制ionic strength 离子强度ion-pairing agent 离子对试剂ionization 电离，离子化ionization region 离子化区irreversible indicator 不可逆指示剂irreversible potential 不可逆电位isoabsorptive point 等吸收点isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱isoelectric point 等电点isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液isotherm 等温线Karl Fischer titration 卡尔·费歇尔滴定kinematic viscosity 运动黏度Kjeldahl method for nitrogen 凯氏定氮法Kober reagent 科伯试剂Kovats retention index 科瓦茨保留指数labelled amount 标示量leading peak 前延峰least square method 最小二乘法leveling effect 均化效应licensed pharmacist 执业药师limit control 限量控制limit of detection(LOD) 检测限limit of quantitation(LOQ) 定量限limit test （杂质）限度（或限量）试验limutus amebocyte lysate(LAL) 鲎试验linearity and range 线性及范围linearity scanning 线性扫描liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) 液质联用仪litmus paper 石蕊试纸loss on drying 干燥失重low pressure gradient pump 低压梯度泵luminescence 发光lyophilization 冷冻干燥main constituent 主成分make-up gas 尾吹气maltol reaction 麦牙酚试验Marquis test 马奎斯试验mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析mass spectrum 质谱图mean deviation 平均偏差measuring flask, volumetric flask 量瓶measuring pipet(te) 刻度吸量管medicinal herb 草药melting point 熔点melting range 熔距metabolite 代谢物metastable ion 亚稳离子methyl orange 甲基橙methyl red 甲基红micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC, MEKC) 胶束电动毛细管色谱法micelle 胶束microanalysis 微量分析microcrystal 微晶microdialysis 微透析micropacked column 微型填充柱microsome 微粒体microsyringe 微量注射器migration time 迁移时间millipore filtration 微孔过滤minimum fill 最低装量mobile phase 流动相modifier 改性剂，调节剂molecular formula 分子式monitor 检测，监测monochromator 单色器monographs 正文mortar 研钵moving belt interface 传送带接口multidimensional detection 多维检测multiple linear regression 多元线性回归multivariate calibration 多元校正natural product 天然产物Nessler glasses(tube) 奈斯勒比色管Nessler’s reagen t 碱性碘化汞钾试液neutralization 中和nitrogen content 总氮量nonaqueous acid-base titration 非水酸碱滴定nonprescription drug, over the counter drugs (OTC drugs) 非处方药nonproprietary name, generic name 非专有名nonspecific impurity 一般杂质non-volatile matter 不挥发物normal phase 正相normalization 归一化法notice 凡例nujol mull method 石蜡糊法octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶octylsilane 辛（烷）基硅烷odorless 无臭official name 法定名official specifications 法定标准official test 法定试验on-column detector 柱上检测器on-column injection 柱头进样on-line degasser 在线脱气设备on the dried basis 按干燥品计opalescence 乳浊open tubular column 开管色谱柱optical activity 光学活性optical isomerism 旋光异构optical purity 光学纯度optimization function 优化函数organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质orthogonal function spectrophotometry 正交函数分光光度法orthogonal test 正交试验orthophenanthroline 邻二氮菲outlier 可疑数据，逸出值overtones 倍频峰，泛频峰oxidation-reduction titration 氧化还原滴定oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧packed column 填充柱packing material 色谱柱填料palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法parallel analysis 平行分析parent ion 母离子particulate matter 不溶性微粒partition coefficient 分配系数parts per million (ppm) 百万分之几pattern recognition 模式识别peak symmetry 峰不对称性peak valley 峰谷peak width at half height 半峰宽percent transmittance 透光百分率pH indicator absorbance ratio method? pH 指示剂吸光度比值法pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmacopeia 药典pharmacy 药学phenolphthalein 酚酞photodiode array detector(DAD) 光电二极管阵列检测器photometer 光度计pipeclay triangle 泥三角pipet(te) 吸移管，精密量取planar chromatography 平板色谱法plate storage rack 薄层板贮箱polarimeter 旋光计polarimetry 旋光测定法polarity 极性polyacrylamide gel 聚丙酰胺凝胶polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶polystyrene gel 聚苯乙烯凝胶polystyrene film 聚苯乙烯薄膜porous polymer beads 高分子多孔小球post-column derivatization 柱后衍生化potentiometer 电位计potentiometric titration 电位滴定法precipitation form 沉淀形式precision 精密度pre-column derivatization 柱前衍生化preparation 制剂prescription drug 处方药pretreatment 预处理primary standard 基准物质principal component analysis 主成分分析programmed temperature gas chromatography程序升温气相色谱法prototype drug 原型药物provisions for new drug approval 新药审批办法purification 纯化purity 纯度pyrogen 热原pycnometric method 比重瓶法quality control(QC) 质量控制quality evaluation 质量评价quality standard 质量标准quantitative determination 定量测定quantitative analysis 定量分析quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子racemization 消旋化radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析法random sampling 随机抽样rational use of drug 合理用药readily carbonizable substance 易炭化物reagent sprayer 试剂喷雾器recovery 回收率reference electrode 参比电极refractive index 折光指数related substance 有关物质relative density 相对密度relative intensity 相对强度repeatability 重复性replicate determination 平行测定reproducibility 重现性residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位residual titration 剩余滴定residue on ignition 炽灼残渣resolution 分辨率，分离度response time 响应时间retention 保留reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法reverse osmosis 反渗透rider peak 驼峰rinse 清洗，淋洗robustness 可靠性，稳定性routine analysis 常规分析round 修约（数字）ruggedness 耐用性safety 安全性Sakaguchi test 坂口试验salt bridge 盐桥salting out 盐析sample applicator 点样器sample application 点样sample on-line pretreatment 试样在线预处理sampling 取样saponification value 皂化值saturated calomel electrode(SCE) 饱和甘汞电极selectivity 选择性separatory funnel 分液漏斗shoulder peak 肩峰signal to noise ratio 信噪比significant difference 显著性差异significant figure 有效数字significant level 显著性水平significant testing 显著性检验silanophilic interaction 亲硅羟基作用silica gel 硅胶silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极similarity 相似性simultaneous equations method 解线性方程组法size exclusion chromatography(SEC) 空间排阻色谱法sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠sodium hexanesulfonate 己烷磺酸钠sodium taurocholate 牛璜胆酸钠sodium tetraphenylborate 四苯硼钠sodium thiosulphate 硫代硫酸钠solid-phase extraction 固相萃取solubility 溶解度solvent front 溶剂前沿solvophobic interaction 疏溶剂作用specific absorbance 吸收系数specification 规格specificity 专属性specific rotation 比旋度specific weight 比重spiked 加入标准的split injection 分流进样splitless injection 无分流进样spray reagent （平板色谱中的）显色剂spreader 铺板机stability 稳定性standard color solution 标准比色液standard deviation 标准差standardization 标定standard operating procedure(SOP) 标准操作规程standard substance 标准品stationary phase coating 固定相涂布starch indicator 淀粉指示剂statistical error 统计误差sterility test 无菌试验stirring bar 搅拌棒stock solution 储备液stoichiometric point 化学计量点storage 贮藏stray light 杂散光substituent 取代基substrate 底物sulfate 硫酸盐sulphated ash 硫酸盐灰分supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC) 超临界流体色谱法support 载体（担体）suspension 悬浊液swelling degree 膨胀度symmetry factor 对称因子syringe pump 注射泵systematic error 系统误差system model 系统模型system suitability 系统适用性tablet 片剂tailing factor 拖尾因子tailing peak 拖尾峰tailing-suppressing reagent 扫尾剂test of hypothesis 假设检验test solution(TS) 试液tetrazolium colorimetry 四氮唑比色法therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) 治疗药物监测thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器thermocouple detector 热电偶检测器thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) 热重分析法thermospray interface 热喷雾接口The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP) 美国药典The Pharmacopoeia of Japan(JP) 日本药局方thin layer chromatography(TLC) 薄层色谱法thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应three-dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图thymol 百里酚（麝香草酚）（指示剂）thymolphthalein 百里酚酞（麝香草酚酞）（指示剂）thymolsulfonphthalein ( thymol blue) 百里酚蓝（麝香草酚蓝）（指示剂）titer, titre 滴定度time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay 时间分辨荧光免疫法titrant 滴定剂titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析法tolerance 容许限toluene distillation method 甲苯蒸馏法toluidine blue 甲苯胺蓝（指示剂）total ash 总灰分total quality control(TQC) 全面质量控制traditional drugs 传统药traditional Chinese medicine 中药transfer pipet 移液管turbidance 混浊turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度ultracentrifugation 超速离心ultrasonic mixer 超生混合器ultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射undue toxicity 异常毒性uniform design 均匀设计uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度uniformity of volume 装量均匀性（装量差异）uniformity of weight 重量均匀性（片重差异）validity 可靠性variance 方差versus …对…，…与…的关系曲线viscosity 粘度volatile oil determination apparatus 挥发油测定器volatilization 挥发法volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric solution(VS) 滴定液vortex mixer 涡旋混合器watch glass 表面皿wave length 波长wave number 波数weighing bottle 称量瓶weighing form 称量形式weights 砝码well-closed container 密闭容器xylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝FF（指示剂）xylenol orange 二甲酚橙（指示剂）zigzag scanning 锯齿扫描zone electrophoresis 区带电泳zwitterions 两性离子zymolysis 酶解作用簡體書目錄Chapter 1 Introduction 緒論1.1 The nature of analytical chemistry 分析化學的性質1.2 The role of analytical chemistry 分析化學的作用1.3 The classification of analytical chemistry分析化學的分類1.4 The total analytical process分析全過程Terms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 2 Errors and Data Treatment in Quantitative Analysis 定量分析中的誤差及數據處理2.1 Fundamental terms of errors誤差的基本術語2.2 Types of errors in experimental data 實驗數據中的誤差類型2.2.1 Systematic errors 系統誤差2.2.2 Random errors偶然誤差2.3 Evaluation of analytical data分析數據的評價2.3.1 Tests of significance顯著性檢驗2.3.2 Rejecting data可疑值取捨2.4 Significant figures有效數字ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 3 Titrimetric Analysis滴定分析法3.1 General principles基本原理3.1.1 Relevant terms of titrimetric analysis滴定分析相關術語3.1.2 The preparation of standard solution and the expression of concentration 標準溶液的配製與濃度表示方法3.1.3 The types of titrimetric reactions 滴定反應類型3.2 Acid-base titration酸鹼滴定3.2.1 Acid-base equilibria 酸鹼平衡3.2.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.2.3 Acid-base indicators酸鹼指示劑3.2.4 Applications of acid-base titration 酸鹼滴定的應用3.3 Complexometric titration配位滴定3.3.1 Metal-chelate complexes金屬螯合物3.3.2 EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸3.3.3 EDTA titration curves EDTA滴定曲線3.3.4 Metal Ion indicators金屬離子指示劑3.3.5 Applications of EDTA titrationtechniques EDTA滴定方法的應用3.4 Oxidation-reduction titration氧化還原滴定3.4.1 Redox reactions氧化還原反應3.4.2 Rate of redox reactions氧化還原反應的速率3.4.3 Titration curves滴定曲線3.4.4 Redox indicators氧化還原指示劑3.4.5 Applications of redox titrations氧化還原滴定的應用3.5 Precipitation titration沉澱滴定3.5.1 Precipitation reactions沉澱滴定反應3.5.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.5.3 End-point detection終點檢測ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 4 Potentiometry 電位分析法4.1 Introduction簡介4.1.1 Classes and characteristics分類及性質4.1.2 Definition定義4.2 Types of potentiometric electrodes電極種類4.2.1 Reference electrodes 參比電極4.2.2 Indicator electrodes指示電極4.2.3 Electrode response and selectivity 電極響應及選擇性4.3 Potentiometric methods and application電位法及應用4.3.1 Direct potentiometric measurement 直接電位法4.3.2 Potentiometric titrations電位滴定4.3.3 Applications of potentiometry 電位法應用ProblemsTerlns to understand重點內容概述Chapter 5 Chromatography色譜法5.1 An introduction to chromatographic methods色譜法概述5.2 Fundamental theory of gas chromatography氣相色譜基本原理5.2.1 Plate theory塔板理論5.2.2 Kinetic theory(rate theory) 速率理論5.2.3 The resolution Rs as a measure of peak separation 分離度5.3 Gas chromatography 氣相色譜5.3.1 Components of a gas chromatograph 氣相色譜儀的組成5.3.2 Stationary phases for gas-liquidchromatography 氣液色譜固定相5.3.3 Applications of gas-liquid chromatography 氣液色譜的應用5.3.4 Adsorption chromatography 吸附色譜5.4 High performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色譜5.4.1 Instrumentation 儀器組成5.4.2 High-performance partition chromatography 高效分配色譜5.5 Miscellaneous separation methods 其他分離方法5.5.1 High-performance ion-exchange chromatography 高效離子交換色譜5.5.2 Capillary electrophoresis 毛細管電泳5.5.3 Planar chromatography 平板色譜ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 6 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 原子吸收光譜分析法6.1 Introduction 概述6.2 Principles 原理6.2.1 The process of AAS，resonance line and absorption line 原子吸收光譜法的過程，共振線及吸收線6.2.2 The number of ground atom and the temperature of flame 基態原子數與光焰溫度6.2.3 Quantitative analysis of AAS原子吸收光譜定量分析6.3 Instrumentation 儀器6.3.1 Primary radiation sources 光源6.3.2 Atomizer 原子儀器6.3.3 Optical dispersive systems 分光系統6.3.4 Detectors 檢測器6.3.5 Signal measurements 信號測量6.4 Quantitative measurements and interferences 定量測定及干擾6.4.1 Quantitative measurements 定量測定6.4.2 Interferences 干擾6.4.3 Sensitivity6.5 Applications of AAS原子吸收光譜法的應用ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 7 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外-可見分光光度法7.1 Introduction簡介7.2 Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜7.2.1 Introduction for radiant energy 輻射能簡介7.2.2 Selective absorption of radiation and absorbance spectrum 物質對光的選擇性吸收和吸收光譜7.2.3 Absorbing species and electron transition 吸收物質與電子躍遷7.3 Law of absorption吸收定律7.3.1 Lambert-Beer's law朗伯-比爾定律7.3.2 Absorptivity吸光係數7.3.3 Apparent deviations from Beer's law 對比爾定律的明顯偏離7.4 Instruments儀器7.5 General types of spectrophotometer分光光度計種類7.6 Application of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜的應用7.6.1 Application of absorption measurement to qualitative analysis 光吸收測定在定性分析上的應用7.6.2 Quantitative analysis by absorption measurements 光吸收測量定量分析法7.6.3 Derivative spectrophotometry 導數分光光度法ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 8 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy紅外吸收光譜8.1 Theory of infrared absorption紅外吸收基本原理8.1.1 Dipole changes during vibrations and rotations 振轉運動中的偶極距變化8.1.2 Mechanical model of stretching vibrations 伸縮振動機械模型8.1.3 Quantum treatment of vibrations 振動的量子力學處理、8.1.4 Types of molecular vibrations分子振動形式8.2 Infrared instrument components紅外儀器組成8.2.1 Wavelength selection波長選擇8.2.2 Sampling techniques 採樣技術8.2.3 Infrared spectrophotometers for qualitative analysis 定性分析用紅外分光光度計8.2.4 Other techniques其他技術8.3 The group frequencies of functional groups in organic compounds 有機化合物官能團的特徵頻率8.4 The factors affecting group frequencies 影響基團特徵吸收頻率的因素8.4.1 Adjacent groups 鄰近基團的影響。

化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topicsin Applied Chemistry一、化工装置常用词汇一概论introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案设计concept design工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off meeting审核会议review meeting 外商投资foreign investment中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture补偿贸易compensation trade合同合同附件contract卖方vendor买方buyer顾客client承包商contractor工程公司company供应范围scope of supply生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance d iagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balance d iagram 设备布置图equipment layout设备表equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品by-product原料raw-material设计基础数据basic data for design技术数据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计规定design regulation现场服务site service项目变更project change用户变更client change消耗定额consumption quota技术转让technical transfer技术知识technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical services工作地点location施工现场construction field报价quotation标书bidding book公司利润company profit固定价合同fixed price contract固定单价合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract 定金mobilization银行保证书bank guarantee letter保留金retention所得税income taxes特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work manual工作流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures采购计划procurement plan施工计划construction plan施工进度construction schedule项目实施计划project execution plan项目协调程序project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划project master schedule设计网络计划engineering network logic项目质量保证project quality assurance项目质量控制project quality control采购procurement采购周期procurement period会签the squad check计算书calculation sheets询价inquiry检验inspection运输transportation开车start up / commission验收inspection & acceptance校核check审核review审定approve版次version部门department专业specialty项目号project number图号drawing number目录contents序言foreword章chapter节section项itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表）technical data sheetTBA(技术评标）technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE( 专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ( 材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP( 基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID( 管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument d rawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP （详细设计阶段）detail design phase二、工艺流程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification 包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater 冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers 管道混合器line mixers 混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程piping engineering1阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY 型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief v alve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe( 按标准制造的配管用管)tube( 不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel p ipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45° lateralY 型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU 型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器Y-type strainerT 型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower 视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC] 快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel 8 字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material 塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H 钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement p lan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch 图例legend 符号symbol 件号part n。

化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展Progress in Chemistry 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学 Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学 Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇 1一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置 plant 公用工程utilities 工艺流程图 process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technicalknow-how technical knowledge 技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润 company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书 bank guarantee letter 保留金retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 work flow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划 procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度 construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划 engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制project quality control 采购 procurement 采购周期 procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价 inquiry 检验 inspection 运输transportation 开车 start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次 version 部门 department 专业 specialty 项目号project number 图号 drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章 chapter 节section 项 item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET （技术表） technical data sheet TBA(技术评标） technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM (项目经理) project manager LDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineer Material requisition for quotation MRQ(材料询价单) MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchase BEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering package P&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/Acivil/structure/architecture detail design phase DDP（详细设计阶段）二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述 process description 工艺特点 process feature 操作 operation 反应 reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析 decantation 催化反应 catalytical reaction 萃取extraction 中和 neutralization 水解 hydrolysis 过滤 filtration 干燥 drying 还原reduction 氧化 oxidation 氢化 hydrogenation 分解 decomposition 离解dissociation 合成 synthetics 吸收 absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮 suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching 破碎crushing 煅烧 caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation 气化gasification 冷冻 refrigeration 固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package 升华sublimation 燃烧 combustion 引烧 ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化 carbonization 压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉 powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物 extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂 flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度 acidity 浓度 concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度solubility 凝固点 solidificalion point 沸点 boiling point 熔点 melting point 蒸发率 evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a) 外观 appearance 无色的 colorless(a) 透明的 transparent(a) 半透明的translucent 密度 density 比重 specific gravity 催化剂 catalyst 燃烧 combustion 引燃 ignition 自然点 self-ignition temperature 可燃气体 combustible gas 可燃液体inflammable liquid 易燃液体 volatile liquid 爆炸混合物 explosive mixture 爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液 waste liquid 废气 off-gas 噪声 noise pollution 成分composition 挠度 deflection 力和力矩 force and moment 弯矩 bending moment 应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度 ambient temperature 工作温度 operating 设计温度 design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity 油渣、淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵 vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵 vortex pump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵 inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump 计量泵 metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump 螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉 incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器 heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器 condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机 pulverizer 球磨机ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器 separator 干燥器 drier 翅片 fins 烟囱 stack 火炬flare 筛子 screen 煅烧窑 calciner 倾析器 decanter 蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger 吸附（收）器 adsorber 结晶器crystallizer 电解槽 electrolyzer 电除尘器 electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器clarifier 分级器 classifier 浮洗器 flocculator 废液池 sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头sprayer 成套设备 package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nashcompressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor 列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower 塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管chimney 顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板 sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽 head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽 make-up tank 计量槽 measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽 chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐 reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid 气柜 gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier 气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机 jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机 roll crusher 锤式破碎机 hammer crusher 冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机roller mill 振动筛 vibrating screen 回转筛 rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机起重机桥式起重机电动葫芦发电机电动机汽轮机 root's blower crane bridge crane motor hoist generator motor steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环、密封圈sealing ring 阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮hand wheel 手柄 hand level (handle) 压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板 split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀(角式截止阀) angle valve Y 型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀butterfly valve 对夹式(薄片型) wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀 piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 翻板止回阀 flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀 safety[SV] 安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve 电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve 换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick openingvalve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管) tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbonsteel[C.S.]pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀 root (primary, header) valve 水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 壁厚 wall thickness[WT] 壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.] 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头 long radius return 短半径 180°弯头 short radius return 三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral true"Y" Y 型三通四通 cross 异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管 "U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt welded[BW] 螺纹的 threaded[THD] 承插焊的 socket welded[SW] 法兰 flange[FLG] 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF] 对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF] 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰 reducing flange 压力级pressure rating(class) 突面 raised face[RF] 凸面 male face 凹面 female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头spray nozzle 喷射器 ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer 膨胀节expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器 compensator 软管接头 hose connection[HC] 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.] 铸铁 cast iron[C.I.] 铝aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷 ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasket[GSKT] 平垫片 flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表 bill of material[BOM] 材料统计 material take-off[MTO] 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS] 汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line 装置边界 boundary limit[BL] 区界 area limit 设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan 标高,立面 elevation[EL] 支撑点 point of support[POS] 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP] 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图 detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视 section"A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图 key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure 草图sketch 图例 legend 符号 symbol 件号 part n。

(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由质子、中子和电子组成。

2. 化学反应Reactant（反应物）：参与化学反应的物质。

Product（物）：化学反应后的物质。

Catalyst（催化剂）：能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。

3. 物质状态Solid（固体）：具有一定形状和体积的物质。

Liquid（液体）：具有一定体积，无固定形状的物质。

Gas（气体）：无固定形状和体积的物质。

4. 酸碱盐Acid（酸）：在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。

Base（碱）：在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。

Salt（盐）：由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。

5. 溶液与浓度Solution（溶液）：由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。

Solvent（溶剂）：能溶解其他物质的物质。

Solute（溶质）：被溶解的物质。

Concentration（浓度）：溶液中溶质含量的度量。

二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry（有机化学）：研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。

Functional Group（官能团）：决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。

Polymer（聚合物）：由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。

2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry（无机化学）：研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。

Crystal（晶体）：具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。

OxidationReduction Reaction（氧化还原反应）：涉及电子转移的化学反应。

3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry（物理化学）：研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。

Chemical Bond（化学键）：原子间相互作用力，使原子结合成分子。

Thermodynamics（热力学）：研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。

4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry（分析化学）：研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。

化学学科专业英语Chemistry is a branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. It is a fundamental science that plays a crucial role in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, environmental science, and many others.One of the key concepts in chemistry is the periodic table, which organizes all known elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It provides a systematic way to understand the properties and behavior of elements, as well as predict their reactivity in chemical reactions.Chemical reactions are at the core of chemistry, where substances undergo changes in composition to form new substances. These reactions can be classified intodifferent types such as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions. Understanding the mechanisms and factors that influence chemical reactions is essential in designing new materials, drugs, and technologies.Analytical chemistry is another important subdisciplineof chemistry that focuses on the qualitative andquantitative analysis of substances. Techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrochemistry are commonly used to identify and quantify the components of a sample. Analytical chemists play a crucial role in fields such as environmental monitoring, forensic analysis, and pharmaceutical quality control.Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, which are essential for life and form the basisof many pharmaceuticals, polymers, and agrochemicals. Organic chemists investigate the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds to develop new drugs, materials, and sustainable technologies.Inorganic chemistry, on the other hand, deals with compounds that do not contain carbon, such as metals, minerals, and salts. Inorganic chemists study the synthesis, structure, and properties of inorganic compounds to understand their behavior in various applications,including catalysis, electronics, and materials science.Physical chemistry involves the study of the physical properties and behavior of matter, as well as the underlying principles that govern chemical reactions. Thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and kinetics are key areas of physical chemistry that help scientists understand the energy changes, molecular interactions, and reaction rates in chemical systems.Biochemistry is a multidisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry and biology to study the chemical processes and molecules that occur in living organisms. Biochemists investigate the structure and function of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates to unravel the molecular mechanisms of life and develop new therapies for diseases.Overall, chemistry is a diverse and interdisciplinary field that continues to advance our understanding of the natural world and drive innovation in various industries. By studying the composition, properties, and reactions of matter, chemists contribute to solving global challenges and improving our quality of life.化学是一门研究物质的组成、结构、性质和反应的科学分支。

专业英语复习资料Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryⅢ. Translation①⑴化学过程⑵自然科学⑶蒸馏技术②在你使用这种材料之前，你必须弄清楚它的各种性质。

③根据水的蒸发现象，人们认识到液体在一定条件下可以变成气体④正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等⑤化学具有悠久的历史，事实上，人类的化学活动可追溯到无记录时代以前。

Ⅳ. TranslationChemistry is one of three fundamental natural sciences, the other two being physics and biology. Chemical processes have continually unfolded since the Big Bang and are probably responsible for the appearance of life on the planet Earth. One might consider that life is the end result of an evolutionary process in three steps, the first step being very fast and the other two rather slow. These steps are ( i ) physical evolution ( the formation of chemical elements ); (ii)chemical evolution (the formation of molecules and biomolecules); and (iii) biological evolution (the formation and development of organisms).重点词汇有史以来史前化学希腊化学炼金术科学化学考古学发现早于文字记录普遍特征物质的结构吸引力和排斥力特定形状规则多边形（体）平面几何共同属性不纯金属解码系统过渡期基本特征燃素理论本质上来讲实验基础Unit 4 Drinking Water Quality and HealthⅢ. Translation1、饮水中毒的例子有时是触目惊心的。

高三化学应用英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Chemistry plays a crucial role in the field of pharmaceuticals. The development of new drugs is a complex process that relies heavily on chemical knowledge and techniques. Chemical synthesis is used to create new compounds with potential therapeutic effects. By manipulating the structure of molecules, chemists can design drugs that target specific diseases and biological processes.One of the most important applications of chemistry in pharmaceuticals is drug discovery. Chemists use a variety of methods to identify new drug candidates. This includes screening large libraries of compounds for activity against specific targets, as well as designing and synthesizing new molecules based on known biological mechanisms. Once a promising drug candidate is identified, further chemical modifications can be made to optimize its properties, such as potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics.However, the application of chemistry in pharmaceuticals also faces several challenges. One of the major challenges is the development of drugs that are effective against drug-resistant pathogens. As bacteria and viruses evolve, they become resistant to existing drugs, making it necessaryto develop new drugs with different mechanisms of action. Another challenge is the safety and toxicity of drugs. Chemical compounds can have unintended side effects, and it is important to ensure that new drugs are safe for human use.In addition to drug discovery and development, chemistry is also involved in the production and quality control of pharmaceuticals. Chemical processes are used to manufacture drugs on a large scale, and analytical chemistry techniques are used to ensure the purity and potency of drugs. Quality control is essential to ensure that drugs meet regulatory standards and are safe and effective for patients.Overall, chemistry is an essential tool in the field of pharmaceuticals. It enables the development of new drugs, improves the quality and safety of existing drugs, and helps to address some of the major challenges facing the healthcare industry.1. Chemistry is important in pharmaceuticals because it _____.A. can cure all diseasesB. helps develop new drugsC. is easy to learnD. has no challenges答案：B。

高三化学实验英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>The Aim and Procedure of a Classic Chemical ExperimentThe purpose of this chemical experiment is to observe the reaction between copper sulfate and iron. In this experiment, we will take copper sulfate solution and iron filings as the main reactants.First, prepare a beaker and pour a certain amount of copper sulfate solution into it. The copper sulfate solution is blue in color. Then, add some iron filings slowly into the beaker. As the reaction proceeds, we can observe several phenomena. The iron filings gradually disappear, and the color of the solution changes.The reaction equation is as follows: Fe + CuSO₄ = FeSO₄ + Cu. This reaction shows that iron is more reactive than copper and can displace copper from its salt solution.After the reaction is complete, we can filter the solution to obtain solid copper. The copper obtained is reddish-brown in color.In conclusion, through this experiment, we can understand the reactivity of different metals and observe the phenomenon of displacement reaction.1. What is the color of copper sulfate solution?B. GreenC. BlueD. Yellow答案：C。

《分析化学》阅读材料06 摘自Analytical Chemistry (FECS) ● Molecular systems can be identifies by their characteristic energy term schemes consisting of discrete electronic, vibrational and rotational states. At room temperature the substances are mainly in their electronic and vibrational ground states （电子和振动基态）. Upon interaction with the appropriate type of electromagnetic radiation, characteristic electronic, vibrational and rotational transitions can be induced in the sample. Thses excited states （激发态）usually decay to their original ground states within 10-8s, either by emitting the previously absorbed radiation in all directions with the same or a lower frequency, or by “radiationless” relaxation （无辐射松弛）.● Molecular spectra （分子光谱）can be obtained in the absorption or emission mode from samples in the gaseous, liquid or solid state. They are images of the interactions mentioned above and contain analytical information about the sample.● Most UV-VIS spectra are obtained by measuring the intensity of the absorption of monochromatic radiation across a range of wavelengths passing through a solution in a cuvette （液池）. The practical wavelength region extends from 190-400 nm (UV range) and from 400-780 nm (VIS range).● In a typical experiment, a light beam of intensity I 0 strikes a sample consisting of a quartz or glass cell containing a solution. After passing through the cell, the light beam has a reduced intensity I due to reflection losses at the cell windows, absorption in the sample and, eventually, by scattering at dispersed particles. Only the absorption losses are caused by the dissolved sample. The run is repeated using an identical cell containing only solvent to compensate for reflection and scattering losses, and the transmittance （透射率）T is calculated using the following equation, T =I / I 0 ≈I solution / I solvent . The presentation of transmittance T, as a function of wavelength λ, is the required spectrum of the sample.● The intensity of an absorption band, i.e., the absorbance, is proportional to the number of absorbing species in the illuminated part of the cell. Absorbance, A, is defined by the equation, A = –logT =log(I 0/I) and is proportional to the cell thickness, b [cm], the concentration of the solution c [mol/L]; and a substance-specific proportionality constant ε called the molar absorptivity, [L.mol -1 cm -1]. A = ε b c , the Beer’s Law.● For a given system, a linear relationship exists between A and the sample concentration, but usually only for dilute solution (c ≤ 0.1 mol/L).● The distribution of a solute S, equilibrated between an aqueous phase and an organic solvent may be described by an equilibrium equation: S aq S org .There is no need to choose an aqueous phase as one of the two phase, and we can describe distributions between any pair of immiscible solvents, liquid 1 and liquid 2, with the appropriate solutes, S 1 and S 2, respectively: S 1 S 2. Such systems are described by an equilbrium constant: K D = [S]org / [S]aq or [S]2 / [S]1. Where K D is called the partition coefficient （分配系数）.● In the context of practical chemical procedures, we have to go a step further beyond ideal thermodynamic behavior. For example, in the extraction of an acid HA from an aqueous into an organic phase, we dealing with more than one chemical entity, namely, the dissociated and undissociated acid forms. We can define a partition coefficient only to the ratio of the undissociated acid K D = [HA]org / [HA]aq , which dose not tell the whole story, because, in the aqueous phase the acid may coexist in the dissociated form, and in the organic phase, higher ion pair products may be formed. In general total solute concentrations are determined by analytical investigations, and the information gained is used to explain the distribution of the species between the two phases, including speciation. The ratio of the total concentrations of the solute is a practical means of dealing with distribution equilibrium situations, and is called the distribution ratio （分配比）Dc:Problem1. A solution contains 3.0 mg of iron per liter. The iron is converted into a complex with 1.10-phenanthroline （邻二氮菲）； and the absorbance of the solution in a 2.0 cm cell is 1.20. The molecular weight of the complex is 596. Calculate (a) the absorptivity （吸收系数）and (b)the molar absorptivity （摩尔吸收系数）of the ferrous complex.2. 100 mL of a solution which is 0.100 mol/L in the weak acid HA is extracted with 25.0 mL of ether. After theextraction a 25.0 aliquot of the aqueous phase required 20.0 mL of 0.0500 mol/L NaOH for titration. Calculate the distribution ratio of HA organic to aqueous.3. A sample solution contains Cd 2+ and Zn 2+.A 25.00 mL aliquot is titration with 0.01000 mol/L EDTA at pH5.0, requiring 32.50 mL; another 25.00 mL portion adds potassium iodide in excess, then it is passed through a anion-exchange column （阴离子交换柱）in the basic form. If 20.20 mL of 0.0100 mol/L EDTA is required to titrate the effluent （流出液）at pH 5.0. Calculate the concentrations of Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ in the sample solution. aq org HA of forms all of ion concentrat tatal HA of forms all of ion concentrat tatal Dc ][][=。

材料化学专业《专业英语阅读》课程教学大纲课程代码：ABCL0411课程中文名称：专业英语阅读课程英文名称：Professional English Reading课程性质：选修课程学分数：1.5课程学时数：24授课对象：材料化学专业本课程的前导课程：大学英语一、课程简介本课程主要进行无机非金属材料专业英语的学习。

第一部分通过讲解无机非金属材料，如水泥、玻璃、陶瓷、耐火材料和复合材料等，一些英文原著，让学生掌握本专业常用的基本词汇，阅读技巧和语法特点，培养学生阅读本专业英语文章的能力。

第二部分通过扩展阅读无机非金属材料类的科技文章，拓展学生的知识面。

二、教学基本内容和要求1. Historical Development of Materials and Technology课程教学内容：材料的历史发展以及与材料制备相关的技术发展史。

课程的重点、难点：课程教学要求：了解人类的发展史就是材料的发展史，明确材料在人类历史发展过程中的重要性。

掌握相关专业英语词汇。

2. Manufacture of Portland Cement课程教学内容：波特兰水泥的制作工艺。

课程的重点、难点：课程教学要求：了解波特兰水泥的制备工艺过程，掌握相关专业英语词汇。

3. Ceramming: Changing Glass to Glass-Ceramics课程教学内容：玻璃到玻璃陶瓷的转变。

课程的重点、难点：玻璃陶瓷的概念。

课程教学要求：了解玻璃和玻璃陶瓷概念的差别，理解由玻璃到玻璃陶瓷转变所发生的物理化学变化，掌握相关专业英语词汇。

4. History of Glass Making课程教学内容：玻璃制作的历史。

课程的重点、难点：课程教学要求：了解玻璃的制作历史，掌握相关专业英语词汇。

5. Ceramics课程教学内容：陶瓷的概念和分类。

课程的重点、难点：。