化学化工专业词汇常用前后缀
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有机化学英语单词前后缀表有机物英语单词后缀表 -acetal 缩醇acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛-aldechydic acid 醛酸 -amarime(或-marine)苦苷 -amic acid 酰胺酸-amide 酰胺-amide acid (=amic acid)酰胺酸-amidine 脒-amidoxime 脒肟-amidrazone 脒腙-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride -ic anhydrideanil 缩苯胺-anilic acid 酰苯胺酸 -anilide 酰苯胺-aniside 酰茴香醛-arsine 胂-arsinic acid [美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid [美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide 胂氧-arsonic acid [美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid [美国名指]亚胂酸-ase 酶-azide 叠氮-azine 连氮-betaine 内胺盐-biarsine 联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine 联锑bi...yl 联...-borane 硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸 -boronic acid 硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid 氨甲酸 -carbazinic acid 肼甲酸 -carbinol 甲醇-carbodithioic acid 二硫代羧酸 carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼 -carbohydraoxamamide 甲肟胺 -carbohydroxamic acid 羧肟胺 -carbonamidine 甲脒-carbonitrile 甲腈-barbonyl 羰基-carbothioic acid 羧硫代酸 -carbothiolic acid 甲硫羟酸 -carbothionic acid 甲硫羰酸 -carboxaldehyde 甲醛-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime 甲胺肟 -carboximidic acid 甲亚胺酸 -carboxylic acid 羧酸-carbylamine 胩-cene 并...苯-chloroarine 氯胂-chlorohydrin 氯醇-chrysine 柯因-cyanamide 氨腈-cyanhydrin 氰醇-cyanoarsin 氰胂-diarsine 联胂-diazonium 重氮-dicarboximide 二甲酰亚胺 -dichloroarsine 二氯胂 -diimide 联亚胺-din(e) 定;啶di...(o)yl 联…酰-disulfide 二硫-dithiocarbamic acid 氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene 联二…亚基 -drin(e) 君[俗名词尾]-e- 裂[嵌在末一音节之前,指分裂后之产物]-ene 烯-ester 酯-etane 丁环-ete 丁-etene 丁亭[4元无氮一烯环,中文中与-etine不分]-ether 醚-etidine 丁啶-etine 丁亭[4元含氮饱和环]-florine 花精-follin 叶素-folin 叶素-form 仿gen 精-genin 配基-germanonic acid 基锗酸-gin 精-glycol 二醇-hemiacetal 缩一醇 -hydrazidc 酰肼 -hydrazidine 肼定 -hydrazine 肼-hydrazone 腙-hydrin 醇hydrogen ester 氢酯 hydrosulfamine 巯胺 -hydroxamamide 肟胺 -hydroxamic acid 羟肟酸-hydroxylamine 胲 -ic anhydride 酸酐 -ic semialdehyde 醛酸 -ide 酰胺-il 偶酰-imide 酰亚胺-imidic acid 亚胺酸 -imine 亚胺-in 精-inium -onium-iodohydrin 碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine 丙啶-irine 丙因-isothiourca 异硫脲 -isource 异脲-ite 糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal 酮缩醇-ketene 乙烯酮-ketazine 酮连氮-ketimide 酮亚胺-ketol 乙酮醇-ketone 酮-ketoxime 甲酮肟-lactam 内酰胺-lactim 内酰亚胺-lactone 内酯-lin 灵-lin(e) 灵-lysin 溶素-mercaptal 醛缩硫醇 -mercaptan 硫醇-mereaptole 酮缩硫醇 -methine 甲碱-methylene 亚甲基 -min 明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉 -naphthalide N-酰基萘胺 -naphthone 酰萘-nin(e) 宁-nitramine 硝胺-nitrile 腈-nitrolic acid 硝肟酸 -nitrosamine 亚硝胺 -nitrosate 硝酯肟酸 -nitrosolic acid 亚硝肟酸 -nitrosite 亚硝酯肟酸 -oic acid 酸-oin 偶姻-ol 醇-ole 脑,醚-olic acid 醇酸;脑酸;油酸;炔酸-olid(e) 交酯-olidine 烷[5元含氮饱和杂环]-oline 啉[5元一烯杂环] -onane 壬环[9元饱和杂环] -one 酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium 钅翁-o... one ...酰...酮 -or 脑-orthosiliconic acid 原硅酸-osan 聚糖-osazone 脎-ose 糖-oside 糖苷-oxide 氧化物-oxime 肟-oyl 酰-oyl halide 酰卤-ozonide 臭氧-peroxide 过氧-phene 芬-phine 粉;芬-phenetidide 酰基苯乙定 -phenone 酰苯-phosphine 膦-phosphinic acid 次磷酸 -phosphinous acid 卑磷酸 -phosphonic acid 磷酸 -phosphonous acid 亚磷酸 -phyllin(e) 非灵;植素 -picrin 苦碱-pin(e) 品-pinacol 频哪醇-pinacolin(e) 频哪酮 -pinacolone 频哪酮 -pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶 -plumbonic acid 铅酸 -quine 奎-rin 扔,苷-rufin 绛酚saccharic acid 糖质酸 saccharinic acid 糖精酸 -sapegenin 皂萆配基 -saponine 皂萆苷-selenenic acid 次硒酸 -seleninic acid 亚硒酸 -selenol 硒醇-selenonic acid 硒酸 -semiacetal 醛缩一醇 semialdehyde -ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone 缩氨脲-semicarbazide 氨脲 -semioxamazone 缩半萆肼 -siliconic acid 硅酸 -sin 僧;素-st- 甾-stannonic acid 锡酸 -stibine 月弟-stibinic acid 次锑酸 -stibinous acid 卑锑酸 stibonic acid 锑酸 -stibonium 锑-stibonous acid 亚锑酸 sulfenamide 次磺酰胺 -sulfenic acid 次磺酸 -sulfide 硫-sulfilimine 硫亚胺 -sulfinamide 亚磺酰胺 -sulfinic acid 亚磺酸 -sulfonamide 磺酰胺 -sulfone 砜-sulfonic acid 磺酸 -sulfoxide 亚砜-sultam 磺内酰胺-sultone 磺内酯-tanin 单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid 亚碲酸 -telluronic acid 碲酸 -thetin(e) 噻亭-thin 质thioacetal 醛缩硫醇 -thiocarbazone 硫卡巴腙 -thiohydroxylamine 硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸 -thioketene 乙烯硫酮 -thiol 硫醇-thiolactone 硫代内酯 -thiosemicarbazone 缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid 硫羟酸 -thione 硫酮-thionic acid 硫羰酸 -thionothiolic acid 二硫代羧酸-thiourea 硫脲-tin 亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺 -toxin(e) 毒-trin 醇-trisulfide 三硫 -tropin 托品-ulose 酮糖-area 脲-urethan(e) 尿烷 -urethylan(e) 尿基烷 -uric acid 尿酸 -uronic acid 糖醛酸,糖酮酸-xanthin 黄质-xanthogenic acid 黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺 -yl 基-ylene 亚基-yl halide 卤代物 -ylidene 亚基-ylidyne 次基-ylium 钅翁-yne 炔acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔。
化学名词常用前缀后缀
化学名词中常用的数目词头
数目英文词头
1/2hemi,semi*
1mono,uni*
2di,bi*
3tri,ter*
4tetra
5penta
6hexa,sexi*
7hepta
8octa
9ennea,nona*
10deca
注:有*号者是来自拉丁文的词头
前缀
o-邻(位)
m-间(位)
p-对(位)
n-正
iso-异
cis-顺
trans-反
L-左旋的
D-右旋的
DL-外消旋的
S-拉丁文“Sinister”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为左型R-拉丁文“Rectus”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为右型Z-在双键平面同侧时CH3 COOH
C=C
E-在双键平面异侧时H H(Z)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸
(-)左旋的
(+)右旋的
(+)内消旋的
n-正如:n-butyl chloride正丁基氯CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
sec.-仲sec.-butyl chloride仲丁基氯CH3CH2CHClCH3
tert.-叔tert.-butyl chloride叔丁基氯(CH3)3Cl
常用烷烃英汉名称
(烷属烃词尾(-ane),烯属烃词尾(-ene)、二烯(-diene),炔属烃(-yne);基团(-yl)
methane甲烷ethane乙烷propane丙烷butane丁烷pentane 戊烷hexane己烷heptane庚烷octane辛烷nonane壬烷decane癸烷
-yl)。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀acetal (缩醛类)醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象]Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的] Heterotopic 异位[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的]Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的] Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应] Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应]Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。
化学常用前缀和后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上)-yne 炔常用化学名称数字前缀831中文名数字前缀半0.5 hemi-单 1 -mono-倍半 1.5 sesqui-双 2 di-,bi-,双倍半 2.5 hemipenta-三 3 tri-四 4 tetra-五 5 penta-六 6 hexa-七7 hepta-八8 octa-九9 ennea-,nona-十10 deca-十一11 hendeca-,undeca- 十二12 dodeca-十三13 trideca-十四14 tetradeca-十五15 pentadeca-十六16 hexadeca-十七17 heptadeca-十八18 octadeca-十九19 nonadeca-二十20 eicosa-二十一21 heneicosa-二十二22 docosa-二十三23 tricosa- 二十四24 tetracosa-二十五25 pentacosa-二十六26 hexacosa-二十七27 heptacosa-二十八28 octacosa-二十九29 nonacosa-三十30 triaconta-四十40 tetraconta-五十50 pentaconta-六十60 hexaconta-七十70 heptaconta-八十80 octaconta-九十90 nonaconta-一百100 hecta-一百零一101 henhecta-一白零二102 dohecta-一百一十110 decahecta-一百二十120 eicosahecta-词根ag,act 做,驱动agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr 农田agriculture农业agrarian田地的am 爱,亲爱amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim 心灵,精神,生命animal动物animate有生命的ann,enn 年annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro 星astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi 听audience听众audible听得见的bell 战争rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio 生命,常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛-alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci- 1/10di- 二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔化学英语词汇Bunsen burner 本生灯product 反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒丙酮:acetone异丙醇:isopropyl alcohol叔戊醇:amylene alcohol杂质:impurity水分:water content moisture content ;watercontent ;watercontent硅烷:silicane苯甲腈:cyanobenzene 丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction 二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions 积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs freeenergy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation 计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid 胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electroly 可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature 临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential 流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification 铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability 热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy 溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions 唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium 淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar 吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partitionfunction of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law 制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis 自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature最可几分布most probabledistribution最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy)熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. BalancingOxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral andSquare-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead)碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparationof Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸。
化学常用前缀和后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上)-yne 炔常用化学名称数字前缀831中文名数字前缀半0.5 hemi-单 1 -mono-倍半 1.5 sesqui-双 2 di-,bi-,双倍半 2.5 hemipenta-三 3 tri-四 4 tetra-五 5 penta-六 6 hexa-七7 hepta-八8 octa-九9 ennea-,nona-十10 deca-十一11 hendeca-,undeca- 十二12 dodeca-十三13 trideca-十四14 tetradeca-十五15 pentadeca-十六16 hexadeca-十七17 heptadeca-十八18 octadeca-十九19 nonadeca-二十20 eicosa-二十一21 heneicosa-二十二22 docosa-二十三23 tricosa- 二十四24 tetracosa-二十五25 pentacosa-二十六26 hexacosa-二十七27 heptacosa-二十八28 octacosa-二十九29 nonacosa-三十30 triaconta-四十40 tetraconta-五十50 pentaconta-六十60 hexaconta-七十70 heptaconta-八十80 octaconta-九十90 nonaconta-一百100 hecta-一百零一101 henhecta-一白零二102 dohecta-一百一十110 decahecta-一百二十120 eicosahecta-词根ag,act 做,驱动agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr 农田agriculture农业agrarian田地的am 爱,亲爱amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim 心灵,精神,生命animal动物animate有生命的ann,enn 年annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro 星astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi 听audience听众audible听得见的bell 战争rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio 生命,常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
化学专业英语常用前缀和后缀A-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮Bbenzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基C-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Ddeca- 十deci 十分之一-dine 啶dodeca- 十二E-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Ffluoro- 氟代-form 仿G-glycol 二醇Hhemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次I-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐Kketo- 酮ketone 酮L-lactone 内酯Mmega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单Nnano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九Oocta- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属 oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物 -oxime 肟oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰 para- 对位,仲Ppenta- 五 pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过 petro- 石油phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多Qquadri- 四 quinque- 五Ssemi- 半 septi- 七sesqui 一个半 sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺 sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共 ter- 三Ttetra- 四 tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个 thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨 tri- 三trideca- 十三 tris- 三个Uundeca- 十一 uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位 -yl 基Y-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上) -yne 炔。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀有机化学合成常见缩写Ac Acetyl 乙酰基DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-二甲氨基吡啶acac Acetylacetonate 乙酰丙酮基DME dimethoxyethane 二甲醚AIBN Azo-bis-isobutryonitrile 2,2'-二偶氮异丁腈DMF N,N'-dimethylformamide 二甲基甲酰胺aq. Aqueous 水溶液dppf bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene 双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁9-BBN 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 9-硼二环[3.3.1]壬烷dppp 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane 1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷BINAP (2R,3S)-2,2’-bis (diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthyl(2R,3S)-2.2'-二苯膦-1.1'-联萘亦简称为联二萘磷BINAP是日本名古屋大学的Noyori(2001年诺贝尔奖)发展的一类不对称合成催化剂dvb Divinylbenzene 二乙烯苯Bn Benzyl 苄基e- Electrolysis 电解BOC t-butoxycarbonyl 叔丁氧羰基(常用于氨基酸氨基的保护)%ee % enantiomeric excess 对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)%de % diasteromeric excess 非对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)Bpy (Bipy) 2,2’-bipyridyl 2,2'-联吡啶EDA (en) ethylenediamine 乙二胺Bu n-butyl 正丁基EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸二钠Bz Benzoyl 苯甲酰基EE 1-ethoxyethyl 乙氧基乙基c- Cyclo 环-Et Ethyl 乙基FMN Flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸CAN Ceric ammonium nitrate 硝酸铈铵Cat. Catalytic 催化Fp flash point 闪点CBz Carbobenzyloxy 苄氧羰基FVP Flash vacuum pyrolysis 闪式真实热解法h hours 小时Min Minute 分钟hv Irradiation with light 光照COT 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienyl 1,3,5-环辛四烯1,5-HD 1,5-hexadienyl 1,5-己二烯Cp Cyclopentadienyl 环戊二烯基HMPA Hexamethylphosphoramide 六甲基磷酸三胺CSA 10-camphorsulfonic acid 樟脑磺酸HMPT Hexamethylphosphorus triamide 六甲基磷酰胺CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(相转移催化剂)iPr isopropyl 异丙基Cy Cyclohexyl 环己基LAH Lithium aluminum hydride 氢化铝锂(LiAlH4)LDA Lithium diisopropylamide 二异丙基氨基锂(有机中最重要一种大体积强碱)dba Dibenzylidene acetone 苄叉丙酮LHMDS Lithium hexamethyldisilazideDBE 1,2-dibromoethane 1,2- 二溴乙烷LTBA Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydrideDBN 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 二环[5.4.0]-1,8-二氮-7-壬烯mCPBA meta-cholorperoxybenzoic acid 间氯过苯酸DBU 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene 二环[4.3.0]-1,5-二氮-5-十一烯Me Methyl 甲基DCC 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺MEM b-methoxyethoxymethyl 甲氧基乙氧基甲基-DCE 1,2-dichloroethane 1,2-二氯乙烷Mes Mesityl 均三甲苯基(也就是1,3,5-三甲基苯基)不知对不对?DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌MOM methoxymethyl 甲氧甲基DEA Diethylamine 二乙胺Ms Methanesulfonyl 甲基磺酰基(保护羟基用)TBDMS, TBS t-butyldimethylsilyl 叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(羟基保护基)DEAD Diethyl azodicarboxylate 偶氮二甲酸二乙酯MS Molecular sieves (3 or 4 )分子筛Dibal-H Diisobutylaluminum hydride 二异丁基氢化铝MTM Methylthiomethyl 二甲硫醚diphos (dppe) 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷Naphth Naphthyl 萘基diphos-4 (dppb) 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino)butane 1,2-双(二苯基膦)丁烷NBD Norbornadiene 二环庚二烯(别名:降冰片二烯)NBS N-Bromosuccinimide N-溴代丁二酰亚胺别名:N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺NCS N-chlorosuccinimide N-氯代丁二酰亚胺. 别名:N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺TBAF Tetrabutylammonium fluoride 氟化四丁基铵TASF Tris(diethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethyl silicateNi(R) Raney Nickel 雷尼镍(氢活性催化还原剂)NMO N-methyl morpholine-n-oxide N-甲基氧化吗啉TBHP t-butylhydroperoxide 过氧叔丁醇PCC Pyridinium chlorochromate 吡啶氯铬酸盐PDC Pyridinium dichromate 重铬酸吡啶t-Bu Tert-butyl 叔丁基TEBA Triethylbenzylammonium 三乙基苄基胺PEG Polyethylene glycol 聚乙二醇TEMPO Tetramethylpiperdinyloxy free radicalPh Phenyl 苯基PhH Benzene 苯TFA Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸TFAA Trifluoroacetic anhydride 三氟乙酸酐PhMe Toluene 甲苯(亦称toluol;methylbenzene )Tol Tolyl 甲苯基Tf or OTf TriflatePhth Phthaloyl 邻苯二甲酰THF Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃Pip Piperidyl 哌啶基THP Tetrahydropyranyl 四氢吡喃基TMEDA Tetramethylethylenediamine 四甲基乙二胺Py Pyridine 吡啶TMP 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶quant. quantitative yield 量子定量产率TMS Trimethylsilyl 三甲基硅烷基Red-Al [(MeOCH2CH2O)AlH2]Na 直接看分子式就是了sBu sec-butyl 仲丁基Tr Trityl 三苯基sBuLi sec-butyllithium 仲丁基锂TRIS TriisopropylphenylsulfonylSiamyl DiisoamylTs (Tos) Tosyl (p-toluenesulfonyl) 对甲苯磺酰基%%de 非对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)%ee 对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)AA/MMA 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物AA 丙烯酸AAS 丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物ABFN 偶氮(二)甲酰胺ABN 偶氮(二)异丁腈ABPS 壬基苯氧基丙烷磺酸钠Ac 乙酰基acac 乙酰丙酮基AIBN 2,2'-二偶氮异丁腈aq. 水溶液BBAA 正丁醛苯胺缩合物BAC 碱式氯化铝BACN 新型阻燃剂BAD 双水杨酸双酚A酯BAL 2,3-巯(基)丙醇9-BBN 9-硼二环[3.3.1]壬烷BBP 邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯BBS N-叔丁基-乙-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺BC 叶酸BCD β-环糊精BCG 苯顺二醇BCNU 氯化亚硝脲BD 丁二烯BE 丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料BEE 苯偶姻乙醚BFRM 硼纤维增强塑料BG 丁二醇BGE 反应性稀释剂BHA 特丁基-4羟基茴香醚BHT 二丁基羟基甲苯BINAP (2R,3S)-2.2'-二苯膦-1.1'-联萘,亦简称为联二萘磷,BINAP是日本名古屋大学的Noyori (2001年诺贝尔奖)发展的一类不对称合成催化剂BL 丁内酯BLE 丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物BLP 粉末涂料流平剂BMA 甲基丙烯酸丁酯BMC 团状模塑料BMU 氨基树脂皮革鞣剂BN 氮化硼Bn 苄基BNE 新型环氧树脂BNS β-萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物BOA 己二酸辛苄酯BOC 叔丁氧羰基(常用于氨基酸氨基的保护)BOP 邻苯二甲酰丁辛酯BOPP 双轴向聚丙烯BP 苯甲醇BPA 双酚ABPBG 邻苯二甲酸丁(乙醇酸乙酯)酯BPF 双酚FBPMC 2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯BPO 过氧化苯甲酰BPP 过氧化特戊酸特丁酯BPPD 过氧化二碳酸二苯氧化酯BPS 4,4’-硫代双(6-特丁基-3-甲基苯酚)BPTP 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯Bpy 2,2'-联吡啶BR 丁二烯橡胶BRN 青红光硫化黑BROC 二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚BS 丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物BS-1S 新型密封胶BSH 苯磺酰肼BSU N,N’-双(三甲基硅烷)脲BT 聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料BTA 苯并三唑BTX 苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物Bu 正丁基BX 渗透剂BXA 己二酸二丁基二甘酯BZ 二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌Bz 苯甲酰基Cc- 环-CA 醋酸纤维素CAB 醋酸-丁酸纤维素CAM 甲基碳酰胺CAN 硝酸铈铵CAN 醋酸-硝酸纤维素CAP 醋酸-丙酸纤维素Cat. 催化CBA 化学发泡剂CBz 苄氧羰基CDP 磷酸甲酚二苯酯CF 甲醛-甲酚树脂,碳纤维CFE 氯氟乙烯CFM 碳纤维密封填料CFRP 碳纤维增强塑料CLF 含氯纤维CMC 羧甲基纤维素CMCNa 羧甲基纤维素钠CMD 代尼尔纤维CMS 羧甲基淀粉COT 1,3,5-环辛四烯Cp 环戊二烯基CSA 樟脑磺酸CTAB 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(相转移催化剂)Cy 环己基DDABCO 1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷DAF 富马酸二烯丙酯DAIP 间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DAM 马来酸二烯丙酯DAP 间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DATBP 四溴邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DBA 己二酸二丁酯dba 苄叉丙酮DBE 1,2-?二溴乙烷DBEP 邻苯二甲酸二丁氧乙酯DBN 二环[5.4.0]-1,8-二氮-7-壬烯DBP 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBR 二苯甲酰间苯二酚DBS 癸二酸二癸酯DBU 二环[4.3.0]-1,5-二氮-5-十一烯DCC 1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺DCCA 二氯异氰脲酸DCCK 二氯异氰脲酸钾DCCNa 二氯异氰脲酸钠DCE 1,2-二氯乙烷DCHP 邻苯二甲酸二环乙酯DCPD 过氧化二碳酸二环乙酯DDA 己二酸二癸酯DDP 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯DDQ 2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌DEA 二乙胺DEAD 偶氮二甲酸二乙酯DEAE 二乙胺基乙基纤维素DEP 邻苯二甲酸二乙酯DETA 二乙撑三胺DFA 薄膜胶粘剂DHA 己二酸二己酯DHP 邻苯二甲酸二己酯DHS 癸二酸二己酯DIBA 己二酸二异丁酯Dibal-H 二异丁基氢化铝DIDA 己二酸二异癸酯DIDG 戊二酸二异癸酯DIDP 邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯DINA 己二酸二异壬酯DINP 邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯DINZ 壬二酸二异壬酯DIOA 己酸二异辛酯diphos(dppe) 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷diphos-4(dppb) 1,2-双(二苯基膦)丁烷DMAP 4-二甲氨基吡啶DME 二甲醚DMF 二甲基甲酰胺dppf 双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁dppp 1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷dvb 二乙烯苯Ee- 电解E/EA 乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物E/P 乙烯/丙烯共聚物E/P/D 乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物E/TEE 乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物E/VAC 乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物E/VAL 乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物EAA 乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EAK 乙基戊丙酮EBM 挤出吹塑模塑EC 乙基纤维素ECB 乙烯共聚物和沥青的共混物ECD 环氧氯丙烷橡胶ECTEE 聚(乙烯-三氟氯乙烯)ED-3 环氧酯EDA 乙二胺EDC 二氯乙烷EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸二钠EDTA 乙二胺四醋酸EE 乙氧基乙基EEA 乙烯-醋酸丙烯共聚物EG 乙二醇2-EH 异辛醇EO 环氧乙烷EOT 聚乙烯硫醚EP 环氧树脂EPI 环氧氯丙烷EPM 乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPOR 三元乙丙橡胶EPR 乙丙橡胶EPS 可发性聚苯乙烯EPSAN 乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物EPT 乙烯丙烯三元共聚物EPVC 乳液法聚氯乙烯Et 乙基EU 聚醚型聚氨酯EVA 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVE 乙烯基乙基醚EXP 醋酸乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液FF/VAL 乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物F-23 四氟乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物F-30 三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物F-40 四氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物FDY 丙纶全牵伸丝FEP 全氟(乙烯-丙烯)共聚物FMN 黄素单核苷酸FNG 耐水硅胶Fp 闪点或茂基二羰基铁FPM 氟橡胶FRA 纤维增强丙烯酸酯FRC 阻燃粘胶纤维FRP 纤维增强塑料FRPA-101 玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酸癸胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙1010树脂)FRPA-610 玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酰乙二胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙610树脂)FVP 闪式真实热解法FWA 荧光增白剂GGF 玻璃纤维GFRP 玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRTP 玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料促进剂GOF 石英光纤GPS 通用聚苯乙烯GR-1 异丁橡胶GR-N 丁腈橡胶GR-S 丁苯橡胶GRTP 玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料GUV 紫外光固化硅橡胶涂料GX 邻二甲苯GY 厌氧胶Hh 小时H 乌洛托品1,5-HD 1,5-己二烯HDI 六甲撑二异氰酸酯HDPE 低压聚乙烯(高密度)HEDP 1-羟基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸HFP 六氟丙烯HIPS 高抗冲聚苯乙烯HLA 天然聚合物透明质胶HLD 树脂性氯丁胶HM 高甲氧基果胶HMC 高强度模塑料HMF 非干性密封胶HMPA 六甲基磷酸三胺HMPT 六甲基磷酰胺HOPP 均聚聚丙烯HPC 羟丙基纤维素HPMC 羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMCP 羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯HPT 六甲基磷酸三酰胺HS 六苯乙烯HTPS 高冲击聚苯乙烯hv 光照IIEN 互贯网络弹性体IHPN 互贯网络均聚物IIR 异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶IO 离子聚合物IPA 异丙醇IPN 互贯网络聚合物iPr 异丙基IR 异戊二烯橡胶IVE 异丁基乙烯基醚JJSF 聚乙烯醇缩醛胶JZ 塑胶粘合剂KKSG 空分硅胶LLAH 氢化铝锂(LiAlH4)LAS 十二烷基苯磺酸钠LCM 液态固化剂LDA 二异丙基氨基锂(有机中最重要一种大体积强碱)LDJ 低毒胶粘剂LDN 氯丁胶粘剂LDPE 高压聚乙烯(低密度)LDR 氯丁橡胶LF 脲LGP 液化石油气LHMDS 六甲基叠氮乙硅锂LHPC 低替代度羟丙基纤维素LIM 液体侵渍模塑LIPN 乳胶互贯网络聚合物LJ 接体型氯丁橡胶LLDPE 线性低密度聚乙烯LM 低甲氧基果胶LMG 液态甲烷气LMWPE 低分子量聚乙稀LN 液态氮LRM 液态反应模塑LRMR 增强液体反应模塑LSR 羧基氯丁乳胶LTBA 氢化三叔丁氧基铝锂MMA 丙烯酸甲酯MAA 甲基丙烯酸MABS 甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MAL 甲基丙烯醛MBS 甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MBTE 甲基叔丁基醚MC 甲基纤维素MCA 三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐MCPA-6 改性聚己内酰胺(铸型尼龙6)mCPBA 间氯过苯酸MCR 改性氯丁冷粘鞋用胶MDI 二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(甲撑二苯基二异氰酸酯)MDI 3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷MDPE 中压聚乙烯(高密度)Me 甲基Me MethylMEK 丁酮(甲乙酮)MEKP 过氧化甲乙酮MEM 甲氧基乙氧基甲基-MES 脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐Mes 均三甲苯基(也就是1,3,5-三甲基苯基)MF 三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂M-HIPS 改性高冲聚苯乙烯MIBK 甲基异丁基酮Min 分钟MMA 甲基丙烯酸甲酯MMF 甲基甲酰胺MNA 甲基丙烯腈MOM 甲氧甲基MPEG 乙醇酸乙酯MPF 三聚氨胺-酚醛树脂MPK 甲基丙基甲酮M-PP 改性聚丙烯MPPO 改性聚苯醚MPS 改性聚苯乙烯Ms 甲基磺酰基(保护羟基用)MS 分子筛MS 苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂MSO 石油醚MTBE 甲基叔丁基醚MTM 甲硫基甲基MTT 氯丁胶新型交联剂MWR 旋转模塑MXD-10/6 醇溶三元共聚尼龙MXDP 间苯二甲基二胺NNaphth 萘基NBD 二环庚二烯(别名:降冰片二烯)NBR 丁腈橡胶NBS N-溴代丁二酰亚胺?别名:N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺NCS N-氯代丁二酰亚胺.?别名:N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺NDI 二异氰酸萘酯NDOP 邻苯二甲酸正癸辛酯NHDP 邻苯二甲酸己正癸酯NHTM 偏苯三酸正己酯Ni(R) 雷尼镍(氢活性催化还原剂)NINS 癸二酸二异辛酯NLS 正硬脂酸铅NMO N-甲基氧化吗啉NMP N-甲基吡咯烷酮NODA 己二酸正辛正癸酯NODP 邻苯二甲酸正辛正癸酯NPE 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚NR 天然橡胶OOBP 邻苯二甲酸辛苄酯ODA 己二酸异辛癸酯ODPP 磷酸辛二苯酯OIDD 邻苯二甲酸正辛异癸酯OPP 定向聚丙烯(薄膜)OPS 定向聚苯乙烯(薄膜)OPVC 正向聚氯乙烯OT 气熔胶PPA 聚酰胺(尼龙)PA-1010 聚癸二酸癸二胺(尼龙1010)PA-11 聚十一酰胺(尼龙11)PA-12 聚十二酰胺(尼龙12)PA-6 聚己内酰胺(尼龙6)PA-610 聚癸二酰乙二胺(尼龙610)PA-612 聚十二烷二酰乙二胺(尼龙612)PA-66 聚己二酸己二胺(尼龙66)PA-8 聚辛酰胺(尼龙8)PA-9 聚9-氨基壬酸(尼龙9)PAA 聚丙烯酸PAAS 水质稳定剂PABM 聚氨基双马来酰亚胺PAC 聚氯化铝PAEK 聚芳基醚酮PAI 聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAM 聚丙烯酰胺PAMBA 抗血纤溶芳酸PAMS 聚α-甲基苯乙烯PAN 聚丙烯腈PAP 对氨基苯酚PAPA 聚壬二酐PAPI 多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯PAR 聚芳酯(双酚A型)PAR 聚芳酰胺PAS 聚芳砜(聚芳基硫醚)PB 聚丁二烯-〔1,3]PBAN 聚(丁二烯-丙烯腈)PBI 聚苯并咪唑PBMA 聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯PBN 聚萘二酸丁醇酯PBS 聚(丁二烯-苯乙烯)PBT 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯PC 聚碳酸酯PC/ABS 聚碳酸酯/ABS树脂共混合金PC/PBT 聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯弹性体共混合金PCC 吡啶氯铬酸盐PCD 聚羰二酰亚胺PCDT 聚(1,4-环己烯二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯)PCE 四氯乙烯PCMX 对氯间二甲酚PCT 聚己内酰胺PCT 聚对苯二甲酸环己烷对二甲醇酯PCTEE 聚三氟氯乙烯PD 二羟基聚醚PDAIP 聚间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDAP 聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDC 重铬酸吡啶PDMS 聚二甲基硅氧烷PEG 聚乙二醇Ph 苯基PhH 苯PhMe 甲苯Phth 邻苯二甲酰Pip 哌啶基Pr n-丙基Py 吡啶Qquant. 定量产率RRE 橡胶粘合剂Red-Al [(MeOCH2CH2O)AlH2]NaRF 间苯二酚-甲醛树脂RFL 间苯二酚-甲醛乳胶RP 增强塑料RP/C 增强复合材料RX 橡胶软化剂SS/MS 苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物SAN 苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SAS 仲烷基磺酸钠SB 苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物SBR 丁苯橡胶SBS 苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物sBu 仲丁基sBuLi 仲丁基锂SC 硅橡胶气调织物膜SDDC N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酸钠SE 磺乙基纤维素SGA 丙烯酸酯胶SI 聚硅氧烷Siamyl 二异戊基SIS 苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SIS/SEBS 苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物SM 苯乙烯SMA 苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物SPP 间规聚苯乙烯SPVC 悬浮法聚氯乙烯SR 合成橡胶ST 矿物纤维TTAC 三聚氰酸三烯丙酯TAME 甲基叔戊基醚TAP 磷酸三烯丙酯TASF 三(二乙胺基)二氟三甲基锍硅酸盐TBAF 氟化四丁基铵TBDMS,?TBS 叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(羟基保护基)TBE 四溴乙烷TBHP 过氧叔丁醇TBP 磷酸三丁酯t-Bu 叔丁基TCA 三醋酸纤维素TCCA 三氯异氰脲酸TCEF 磷酸三氯乙酯TCF 磷酸三甲酚酯TCPP 磷酸三氯丙酯TDI 甲苯二异氰酸酯TEA 三乙胺TEAE 三乙氨基乙基纤维素TEBA 三乙基苄基胺TEDA 三乙二胺TEFC 三氟氯乙烯TEMPO 四甲基氧代胡椒联苯自由基TEP 磷酸三乙酯Tf?or?OTf 三氟甲磺酸TFA 三氟乙酸TFAA 三氟乙酸酐TFE 四氟乙烯THF 四氢呋喃THF 四氢呋喃THP 四氢吡喃基TLCP 热散液晶聚酯TMEDA 四甲基乙二胺TMP 三羟甲基丙烷TMP 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶TMPD 三甲基戊二醇TMS 三甲基硅烷基TMTD 二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(硫化促进剂TT)TNP 三壬基苯基亚磷酸酯Tol 甲苯基TPA 对苯二甲酸TPE 磷酸三苯酯TPS 韧性聚苯乙烯TPU 热塑性聚氨酯树脂Tr 三苯基TR 聚硫橡胶TRIS 三异丙基乙磺酰TRPP 纤维增强聚丙烯TR-RFT 纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯TRTP 纤维增强热塑性塑料Ts?(Tos) 对甲苯磺酰基TTP 磷酸二甲苯酯UU 脲UF 脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE 超高分子量聚乙烯UP 不饱和聚酯VVAC 醋酸乙烯酯VAE 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物VAM 醋酸乙烯VAMA 醋酸乙烯-顺丁烯二酐共聚物VC 氯乙烯VC/CDC 氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯共聚物VC/E 氯乙烯/乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA 氯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/VAC 氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物VC/MA 氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/MMA 氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/OA 氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯共聚物VC/VAC 氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物VCM 氯乙烯(单体)VCP 氯乙烯-丙烯共聚物VCS 丙烯腈-氯化聚乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物VDC 偏二氯乙烯VPC 硫化聚乙烯VTPS 特种橡胶偶联剂WWF 新型橡塑填料WP 织物涂层胶WRS 聚苯乙烯球形细粒XXF 二甲苯-甲醛树脂XMC 复合材料YYH 改性氯丁胶YM 聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶乳YWG 液相色谱无定型微粒硅胶ZZE 玉米纤维ZH 溶剂型氯化天然橡胶胶粘剂ZN 粉状脲醛树脂胶。
化学常用前缀和后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上)-yne 炔常用化学名称数字前缀831中文名数字前缀半0.5 hemi-单 1 -mono-倍半 1.5 sesqui-双 2 di-,bi-,双倍半 2.5 hemipenta-三 3 tri-四 4 tetra-五 5 penta-六 6 hexa-七7 hepta-八8 octa-九9 ennea-,nona-十10 deca-十一11 hendeca-,undeca- 十二12 dodeca-十三13 trideca-十四14 tetradeca-十五15 pentadeca-十六16 hexadeca-十七17 heptadeca-十八18 octadeca-十九19 nonadeca-二十20 eicosa-二十一21 heneicosa-二十二22 docosa-二十三23 tricosa- 二十四24 tetracosa-二十五25 pentacosa-二十六26 hexacosa-二十七27 heptacosa-二十八28 octacosa-二十九29 nonacosa-三十30 triaconta-四十40 tetraconta-五十50 pentaconta-六十60 hexaconta-七十70 heptaconta-八十80 octaconta-九十90 nonaconta-一百100 hecta-一百零一101 henhecta-一白零二102 dohecta-一百一十110 decahecta-一百二十120 eicosahecta-词根ag,act 做,驱动agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr 农田agriculture农业agrarian田地的am 爱,亲爱amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim 心灵,精神,生命animal动物animate有生命的ann,enn 年annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro 星astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi 听audience听众audible听得见的bell 战争rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio 生命,常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal醛缩醇-atriyne三炔acetal-乙酰azo-偶氮acid酸benzene苯-al醛bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐-alcohol醇bis-双-aldehyde醛-borane硼烷alkali-碱bromo-溴allyl丙烯基butyl丁基alkoxy-烷氧基-carbinol甲醇-amide酰胺carbonyl羰基-amide酰胺-caboxylicacid羧酸amino-氨基的centi-10-2-amidine脒chloro-氯代-amine胺chloro-氯代-ane烷cis-顺式anhydride酐condensed缩合的、冷凝的anilino-苯胺基cyclo-环aquo-含水的deca-十-ase酶deci-1/10-ate含氧酸的盐、酯di-二-dine啶-ic酸的,高价金属dodeca-十二-ide无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-ene烯-il偶酰epi-表-imine亚胺epoxy-环氧iodo-碘代-ester酯iso-异,等,同-ether醚-ite亚酸盐ethoxy-乙氧基keto-酮ethyl乙基ketone酮fluoro-氟代-lactone内酯form仿mega-106-glycol二醇meta-间,偏hemi-半methoxy-甲氧基hendeca-十一methyl甲基hepta-七micro-10-6heptadeca-十七milli-10-3hexa-六mono-(mon-)一,单hexadeca-十六nano-10-9-hydrin醇nitro-硝基hydro-氢或水nitroso-亚硝基hydroxyl羟基nona-九hypo-初级的,次nonadeca-十九octa-八quadri-四octadeca-十八quinque-五-oic酸的semi-半-ol醇septi-七-one酮sesqui一个半ortho-邻,正,原sexi-六-ous亚酸的,廉价金属sulfa-磺胺oxa-氧杂sym-对称-oxide氧化合物syn-顺式,同,共-oxime肟ter-三oxo-酮tetra-四oxy-氧化tetradeca-十四-oyl酰tetrakis-四个para-对位,仲thio-硫代penta-五trans-反式,超,跨pentadeca-十五tri-三per-高,过thio-硫代petro-石油trans-反式,超,跨phenol苯酚tri-三phenyl苯基trideca-十三pico-10-12tris-三个poly-聚,多undeca-十一uni-单,一unsym-不对称的,偏位-yl基-ylene撑(二价基,价在不一样原子上)-yne炔化学英语词汇Bunsenburner本生灯still蒸馏釜product反应产物cupel烤钵flask烧瓶cruciblepot,meltingpot坩apparatus设备埚PHindicator PH值指示剂,pipette吸液管氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂filter滤管matrass卵形瓶stirringrod搅拌棒litmus石蕊litmuspaper石蕊试纸丙酮:acetonegraduate,graduatedflask量异丙醇:isopropylalcohol 筒,量杯叔戊醇:amylenealcohol reagent试剂杂质:impuritytesttube试管水分:watercontentmoisture burette滴定管content;waterretort曲颈甑content;watercontent硅烷:silicane氰基胍,二聚氨基氰苯甲腈:cyanobenzene dicyandiamide丙烷基,丙基propyl物理化学英语词汇BET公式BETformula爱因斯坦光化当量定律DLVO理论DLVOtheory Einstein’slawofphotochemical HLB法hydrophile-lipophile equivalencebalancemethod爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程pVT性质pVTproperty Einstein-Stokesequationζ电势zetapotential安托万常数Antoineconstant 阿伏加德罗常数安托万方程Antoineequation Avogadro’number盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro theoryofconductancelaw半电池halfcell阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius半衰期halftimeperiod ionizationtheory饱和液体saturatedliquids阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius饱和蒸气saturatedvapor equation饱和吸附量saturatedextentof 阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius adsorptionactivationenergy饱和蒸气压saturatedvapor阿马格定律Amagatlaw pressure艾林方程Eryingequation爆炸界限explosionlimits比表面功specificsurfacework标准摩尔熵standardmolar比表面吉布斯函数specific entropysurfaceGibbsfunction标准摩尔生成焓standard比浓粘度reducedviscosity molarformationenthalpy标准电动势standard标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数electromotiveforce standardmolarformationGibbs标准电极电势standard functionelectrodepotential标准均衡常数standard标准摩尔反应焓standard equilibriumconstant molarreactionenthalpy标准氢电极standardhydrogen 标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数electrodestandardGibbsfunctionofmolar标准态standardstatereaction标准熵standardentropy标准摩尔反应熵standard标准压力standardpressure molarreactionentropy标准情况standardcondition标准摩尔焓函数standard表观活化能apparentactivation molarenthalpyfunction energy标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数表观摩尔质量apparent standardmolarGibbsfreeenergy molecularweightfunction表观迁徙数apparent标准摩尔燃烧焓standard transferencenumber molarcombustionenthalpy表面surfaces表面过程控制surfaceprocess processcontrol不行逆过程热力学表面活性剂surfactants thermodynamicsofirreversible 表面吸附量surfaceexcess processes表面张力surfacetension不行逆相变化irreversible 表面质量作用定律surface phasechangemassactionlaw布朗运动brownianmovement 波义尔定律Boylelaw查理定律Charle’slaw波义尔温度Boyletemperature产率yield波义尔点Boylepoint敞开系统opensystem玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann超电势overpotential constant沉降sedimentation玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann沉降电势sedimentation distribution potential玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann沉降均衡sedimentation formula equilibrium玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann触变thixotropy entropytheorem粗分别系统thickdisperse 玻色-爱因斯坦统计systemBose-Einsteinstatistics催化剂catalyst泊Poise单分子层吸附理论mono不行逆过程irreversible moleculelayeradsorption单分子反应unimolecular temperaturereaction低共熔点eutecticpoint单链反应straightchain低共熔混杂物eutecticmixture reactions低会溶点lowerconsolute弹式量热计bombcalorimeter point道尔顿定律Daltonlaw低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartial第二类永动机perpetual pressurelaw machineofthesecondkind德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye第三定律熵third-lawentropy andFalkenhageneffect第一类永动机perpetual德拜立方公式Debyecubic machineofthefirstkindformula缔合化学吸附association德拜-休克尔极限公式chemicaladsorptionDebye-Huckel’slimitingequation电池常数cellconstant等焓过程isenthalpicprocess电池电动势electromotive等焓线isenthalpicline forceofcells等几率定理theoremofequal电池反应cellreaction probability电导conductance等温等容位Helmholtzfree电导率conductivityenergy电动势的温度系数等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy temperaturecoefficientof等温方程equationatconstant electromotiveforce电动电势zetapotential定压摩尔热容molarheat电功electricwork capacityunderconstantpressure电化学electrochemistry定压温度计constantpressure电化学极化electrochemical thermometerpolarization定域子系统localizedparticle 电极电势electrodepotential system电极反应reactionsonthe动力学方程kineticequations electrode动力学控制kineticscontrol电极种类typeofelectrodes独立子系统independent电解池electrolyticcell particlesystem电量计coulometer比较摩尔体积reducedmole电流效率currentefficiency volume电迁徙electromigration比较体积reducedvolume电迁徙率electromobility比较温度reducedtemperature电渗electroosmosis比较压力reducedpressure电渗析electrodialysis对称数symmetrynumber电泳electrophoresis对行反应reversiblereactions丁达尔效应Dyndalleffect对应状态原理principleof定容摩尔热容molarheat correspondingstatecapacityunderconstantvolume多方过程polytropicprocess定容温度计ConstantvoIume多分子层吸附理论adsorption thermometer theoryofmulti-molecularlayers二级反应secondorderreaction equation二级相变secondorderphase范特霍夫规则van’tHoffrulechange范特霍夫浸透压公式van’t法拉第常数faradayconstant Hoffequationofosmoticpressure法拉第定律Faraday’slaw非基元反应non-elementary反电动势backE.M.F.reactions反浸透reverseosmosis非体积功non-volumework反应分子数molecularity非依时计量学反应time反应级数reactionorders independentstoichiometric反应进度extentofreaction reactions反应热heatofreaction菲克扩散第必定律Fick’sfirst 反应速率rateofreaction lawofdiffusion反应速率常数constantof沸点boilingpointreactionrate沸点高升elevationofboiling范德华常数vanderWaals pointconstant费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac范德华方程vanderWaals statisticsequation分布distribution范德华力vanderWaalsforce分布数distributionnumbers范德华气体vanderWaals分解电压decompositiongases voltage范特霍夫方程van’tHoff分配定律distributionlaw分别系统dispersesystem感胶离子序lyotropicseries 分别相dispersionphase杠杆规则leverrule分体积partialvolume高分子溶液macromolecular 分体积定律partialvolumelaw solution分压partialpressure高会溶点upperconsolute分压定律partialpressurelaw point分子反应力学mechanicsof隔断法theisolationmethod molecularreactions格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律分子间力intermolecularforce Grotthus-Draoer’s law分子蒸馏moleculardistillation隔断系统isolatedsystem封闭系统closedsystem根均方速率root-mean-square附带压力excesspressure speed弗罗因德利希吸附经验式功workFreundlichempiricalformulaof功函workcontentadsorption共轭溶液conjugatesolution 负极negativepole共沸温度azeotropic负吸附negativeadsorption temperature复合反应compositereaction构型熵configurationalentropy 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac孤立系统isolatedsystemlaw固溶胶solidsol盖斯定律Hesslaw固态混杂物solidsolution 甘汞电极calomelelectrode固相线solidphaseline光反应photoreaction亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz光化学第二定律thesecond functionlawofactinochemistry亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz 光化学第必定律thefirstlaw functioncriterionofactinochemistry亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz光敏反应photosensitized freeenergyreactions亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction光谱熵spectrum entropy焓enthalpy广度性质extensiveproperty亨利常数Henryconstant广延量extensivequantity亨利定律Henrylaw广延性质extensiveproperty恒沸混杂物constantboiling 规定熵stipulatedentropy mixture过饱和溶液oversaturated恒容摩尔热容molarheat solution capacityatconstantvolume过饱和蒸气oversaturated恒容热heatatconstantvolumevapor恒外压constantexternal过程process pressure过渡状态理论transitionstate恒压摩尔热容molarheat theory capacityatconstantpressure过冷水super-cooledwater恒压热heatatconstantpressure过冷液体overcooledliquid化学动力学chemicalkinetics过热液体overheatedliquid化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationof活化络合物理论activated chemicalreaction complextheory化学反应计量系数活化能activationenergy stoichiometriccoefficientof霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson chemicalreaction Chart化学反应进度extentof基态能级energylevelat chemicalreaction groundstate化学亲合势chemicalaffinity基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff化学热力学chemical formulathermodynamics基元反应elementaryreactions 化学势chemicalpotential积分溶解热integrationheatof 化学势判据chemicalpotential dissolutioncriterion吉布斯-杜亥姆方程化学吸附chemisorptions Gibbs-Duhemequation环境environment吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程环境熵变entropychangein Gibbs-Helmhotzequationenvironment吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction 挥发度volatility吉布斯函数判据Gibbs混杂熵entropyofmixing functioncriterion混杂物mixture吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs活度activity adsorptionformula活化控制activationcontrol吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy胶体化学collochemistry吉氏函数Gibbsfunction胶体粒子colloidalparticles 极化电极电势polarization胶团micelle potentialofelectrode焦耳Joule极化曲线polarizationcurves焦耳-汤姆生实验极化作用polarization Joule-Thomsonexperiment极限摩尔电导率limiting焦耳-汤姆生系数molarconductivity Joule-Thomsoncoefficient几率因子stericfactor焦耳-汤姆奏效应计量式stoichiometricequation Joule-Thomsoneffect计量系数stoichiometric焦耳定律Joule`slaw coefficient接触电势contactpotential价数规则ruleofvalence接触角contactangle简并度degeneracy节流过程throttlingprocess 键焓bondenthalpy节流膨胀throttlingexpansion 胶冻brothjelly节流膨胀系数coefficientof 胶核colloidalnucleus throttlingexpansion胶凝作用demulsification结线tieline胶束micelle结晶热heatofcrystallization 胶体colloid解离化学吸附dissociation 胶体分别系统dispersion chemicaladsorptionsystemofcolloid界面interfaces界面张力surfacetension科尔劳施离子独立运动定律浸润immersionwetting Kohlrausch’sLawofIndependent浸润功immersionwetting MigrationofIonswork可能的电解质potential精馏rectify electrolyte聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell聚沉coagulation可逆过程reversibleprocess聚沉值coagulationvalue可逆过程方程reversible绝对反应速率理论absolute processequationreactionratetheory可逆体积功reversiblevolume 绝对熵absoluteentropy work绝对温标absolutetemperature可逆相变reversiblephasescale change绝热过程adiabaticprocess克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron绝热量热计adiabatic equationcalorimeter克劳修斯不等式Clausius绝热指数adiabaticindex inequality卡诺定理Carnottheorem克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程卡诺循环Carnotcycle Clausius-Clapeyronequation开尔文公式Kelvinformula控制步骤controlstep柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律库仑计coulometerKonovalov-Gibbslaw扩散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s离子独立运动定律lawoftheequation independentmigrationofions拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw离子氛ionicatmosphere兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理离子强度ionicstrength Langmuir-Hinshelwood理想混杂物perfectmixture mechanism理想气体idealgas兰格缪尔吸附等温式接触电势contactpotential Langmuiradsorptionisotherm接触角contactangleformula节流过程throttlingprocess雷利公式Rayleighequation节流膨胀throttlingexpansion冷冻系数coefficientof节流膨胀系数coefficientof refrigeration throttlingexpansion冷却曲线coolingcurve结线tieline离解热heatofdissociation结晶热heatofcrystallization 离解压力dissociationpressure解离化学吸附dissociation 离域子系统non-localized chemicaladsorptionparticlesystems界面interfaces离子的标准摩尔生成焓界面张力surfacetension standardmolarformationofion浸润immersionwetting离子的电迁徙率mobilityof浸润功immersionwettingions离子的迁徙数transport worknumberofions精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell聚沉coagulation可逆过程reversibleprocess聚沉值coagulationvalue可逆过程方程reversible绝对反应速率理论absolute processequationreactionratetheory可逆体积功reversiblevolume 绝对熵absoluteentropy work绝对温标absolutetemperature可逆相变reversiblephase scale change绝热过程adiabaticprocess克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron绝热量热计adiabatic equationcalorimeter克劳修斯不等式Clausius绝热指数adiabaticindex inequality卡诺定理Carnottheorem克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程卡诺循环Carnotcycle Clausius-Clapeyronequation开尔文公式Kelvinformula控制步骤controlstep柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律库仑计coulometerKonovalov-Gibbslaw扩散控制diffusioncontrolled 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s Kohlrausch’sLawofIndependentequationMigrationofIons拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw可能的电解质potential兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理electroly Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism理想混杂物perfectmixture兰格缪尔吸附等温式理想气体idealgas Langmuiradsorptionisotherm理想气体的绝热指数formula adiabaticindexofidealgases雷利公式Rayleighequation理想气体的微观模型冷冻系数coefficientof micro-modelofidealgasrefrigeration理想气体反应的等温方程冷却曲线coolingcurve isothermalequationofideal离解热heatofdissociation gaseousreactions离解压力dissociationpressure理想气体绝热可逆过程方程离域子系统non-localized adiabaticreversibleprocess particlesystems equationofidealgases离子的标准摩尔生成焓理想气体状态方程state standardmolarformationofion equationofidealgas离子的电迁徙率mobilityof理想稀溶液idealdiluteions solution离子的迁徙数transport理想液态混杂物perfectliquid numberofions mixture离子独立运动定律lawofthe粒子particlesindependentmigrationofions粒子的配分函数partition离子氛ionicatmosphere functionofparticles离子强度ionicstrength连串反应consecutivereactions链的传达物chaincarrier露点线dewpointline链反应chainreactions麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell量热熵calorimetricentropy relations量子统计quantumstatistics麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell量子效率quantumyield distributionofspeeds临界参数criticalparameter麦克斯韦能量分布临界常数criticalconstant MaxwelIdistributionofenergy临界点criticalpoint毛细管凝结condensationin 临界胶束浓度criticalmicelle capillaryconcentration毛细现象capillary临界摩尔体积criticalmolar phenomenavolume米凯利斯常数Michaelis临界温度criticaltemperature constant临界压力criticalpressure摩尔电导率molar临界状态criticalstate conductivity零级反应zeroorderreaction摩尔反应焓molarreaction 流动电势streamingpotential enthalpy流动功flowwork摩尔混杂熵moleentropyof 笼罩效应cageeffect mixing路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则摩尔气体常数molargas Lewis-Randallruleoffugacity constant露点dewpoint摩尔热容molarheatcapacity摩尔溶解焓moledissolution凝集态condensedstate enthalpy凝集相condensedphase摩尔稀释焓moledilution浓差超电势concentrationenthalpy over-potential内扩散控制internaldiffusions浓差极化concentration control polarization内能internalenergy浓差电池concentrationcells 内压力internalpressure帕斯卡pascal能级energylevels泡点bubblepoint能级分布energylevel泡点线bubblepointline distribution配分函数partitionfunction能量均分原理principleofthe配分函数的析因子性质equipartitionofenergy propertythatpartitionfunctionto 能斯特方程Nernstequation beexpressedasaproductofthe能斯特热定理Nernstheat separatepartitionfunctionsfor theorem eachkindofstate凝结点freezingpoint碰撞截面collisioncross凝结点降低loweringof sectionfreezingpoint碰撞数thenumberof凝结点曲线freezingpoint collisionscurve偏摩尔量partialmole凝胶gelatin quantities均衡常数(理想气体反应)铺展spreadingequilibriumconstantsforreactions广泛化范德华方程universal ofidealgases vanderWaalsequation平动配分函数partition其余功theotherwork functionoftranslation气化热heatofvaporization均衡分布equilibrium气溶胶aerosoldistribution气体常数gasconstant均衡态equilibriumstate气体分子运动论kinetictheory 均衡态近似法equilibrium ofgasesstateapproximation气体分子运动论的基本方程均衡状态图equilibriumstate foundamentalequationofkinetic diagram theoryofgases均匀活度meanactivity气溶胶aerosol均匀活度系统meanactivity气相线vaporlinecoefficient迁徙数transportnumber均匀摩尔热容meanmolar潜热latentheatheatcapacity强胸怀intensivequantity均匀质量摩尔浓度meanmass强度性质intensiveproperty molarity亲液溶胶hydrophilicsol均匀自由程meanfreepath氢电极hydrogenelectrodes平行反应parallelreactions地域融化zonemelting破乳demulsification热heat热爆炸heatexplosion热力学能thermodynamic热泵heatpump energy热功当量mechanicalequivalent热力学特征函数characteristic ofheat thermodynamicfunction热函heatcontent热力学温标thermodynamic热化学thermochemistry scaleoftemperature热化学方程thermochemical热力学温度thermodynamic equation temperature热机heatengine热熵thermalentropy热机效率efficiencyofheat热效应heateffectengine熔点曲线meltingpointcurve 热力学thermodynamics融化热heatoffusion热力学第二定律thesecond溶胶colloidalsol lawofthermodynamics溶解焓dissolutionenthalpy 热力学第三定律thethirdlaw溶液solution ofthermodynamics溶胀swelling热力学第必定律thefirstlaw乳化剂emulsifier ofthermodynamics乳状液emulsion热力学基本方程fundamental润湿wetting equationofthermodynamics润湿角wettingangle热力学几率thermodynamic萨克尔-泰特洛德方程probability Sackur-Tetrodeequation三相点triplepoint唐南均衡Donnanequilibrium三相均衡线triple-phaseline淌度mobility熵entropy特鲁顿规则Troutonrule熵判据entropycriterion特征粘度intrinsicviscosity 熵增原理principleofentropy体积功volumeworkincrease统计权重statisticalweight浸透压osmoticpressure统计热力学statistic渗析法dialyticprocess thermodynamics生成反应formationreaction统计熵statisticentropy升华热heatofsublimation门路path实质气体realgas门路函数pathfunction舒尔采-哈迪规则外扩散控制externaldiffusion Schulze-Hardyrule control松驰力relaxationforce完满晶体perfectcrystalline 松驰时间timeofrelaxation完整气体perfectgas速度常数reactionrateconstant微观状态microstate速率方程rateequations微态microstate速率控制步骤ratedetermining韦斯顿标准电池Westonstep standardbattery塔费尔公式Tafelequation维恩效应Wieneffect态-态反应state-state维里方程virialequation reactions维里系数virialcoefficient稳流过程steadyflowprocess partitionfunctionsforeachkindof 稳态近似法stationarystate stateapproximation稀溶液的依数性colligative无热溶液athermalsolution propertiesofdilutesolutions无穷稀溶液solutionsinthe稀释焓dilutionenthalpy limitofextremedilution系统system物理化学PhysicalChemistry系统点systempoint物理吸附physisorptions系统的环境environmentof吸附adsorption system吸附等量线adsorptionisostere相phase吸附等温线adsorption相变phasechangeisotherm相变焓enthalpyofphase吸附等压线adsorptionisobar change吸附剂adsorbent相变化phasechange吸附量extentofadsorption相变热heatofphasechange吸附热heatofadsorption相点phasepoint吸附质adsorbate相对挥发度relativevolatility 析出电势evolutionor相对粘度relativeviscosity depositionpotential相律phaserule析因子性质propertythat相均衡热容heatcapacityin partitionfunctiontobeexpressed phaseequilibrium asaproductoftheseparate相图phasediagram相倚子系统systemof逸度fugacity dependentparticles逸度系数coefficientof悬浮液suspension fugacity循环过程cyclicprocess阴极cathode压力商pressurequotient荧光fluorescence压缩因子compressibility永动机perpetualmotion factor machine压缩因子图diagramof永远气体Permanentgas compressibilityfactor有效能availableenergy亚稳状态metastablestate原电池primarycell盐桥saltbridge原盐效应salteffect盐析saltingout增比粘度specificviscosity 阳极anode憎液溶胶lyophobicsol杨氏方程Young’sequation沾湿adhesionalwetting液体接界电势liquidjunction沾湿功theworkofadhesional potential wetting液相线liquidphaselines真溶液truesolution一级反应firstorderreaction真切电解质realelectrolyte 一级相变firstorderphase真切气体realgaschange真切迁徙数truetransference 依时计量学反应time numberdependentstoichiometricreactions振动配分函数partitionfunctionofvibration转变率convertratio振动特色温度characteristic转变温度conversion temperatureofvibration temperature蒸气压降落depressionof状态statevaporpressure状态方程stateequation正常沸点normalpoint状态分布statedistribution正吸附positiveadsorption状态函数statefunction支链反应branchedchain准静态过程quasi-staticprocess reactions准一级反应pseudofirstorder 直链反应straightchain reactionreactions自动催化作用auto-catalysis指前因子pre-exponential自由度degreeoffreedomfactor自由度数numberofdegreeof质量作用定律massactionlaw freedom制冷系数coefficientof自由焓freeenthalpyrefrigeration自由能freeenergy中和热heatofneutralization自由膨胀freeexpansion轴功shaftwork组分数componentnumber转动配分函数partition最低恒沸点lowerazeotropic functionofrotation point转动特色温度characteristic最高恒沸点upperazeotropic temperatureofvibration point最正确反应温度optimalreactiontemperature最可几分布mostprobabledistribution最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气律体状态方程10.HeatandWork热与功2.PartialPressures分压11.EndothermicandExothermic3.RealGases:Deviationfrom Processes吸热与发热过程IdealBehavior真切气体:对理想12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应气体行为的偏离热4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律德华方程14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成5.SystemandSurroundings系统焓与环境15.ReactionRates反应速率6.StateandStateFunctions状态16.ReactionOrder反应级数与状态函数17.RateConstants速率常数7.Process过程18.ActivationEnergy活化能8.Phase相19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累9.TheFirstLawof尼乌斯方程Thermodynamics热力学第必定20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理Thermodynamics热力学第二定21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相律催化剂31.EntropyChanges熵变22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges 相催化剂标准自由能变23.Enzymes酶33.Acid-Bases酸碱24.TheEquilibriumConstant平34.TheDissociationofWater水衡常数离解25.theDirectionofReaction反35.TheProtoninWater水合质应方向子26.LeChatelier ’列·沙36.ThepHScalespH值sPrinciple特列原理37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsand27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,BasesBronsted-Lowry酸和碱TemperatureChangesand38.Proton-TransferReactions质Catalysts子转移反应i.体积,压力,温度变化以及催39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共化剂的影响轭酸碱对28.SpontaneousProcesses自觉40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsand过程Bases酸碱的相对强度29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)41.LewisAcidsandBases路易熵(标准熵)斯酸碱30.TheSecondLawof 42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金属离子的水解56.VoltaicCell伏特电池43.BufferSolutions缓冲溶液57.CellEMF电池电动势44.TheCommon-IonEffects同58.StandardElectrodePotentials 离子效应标准电极电势45.BufferCapacity缓冲容量59.OxidizingandReducing46.FormationofComplexIons Agents氧化剂和还原剂配离子的形成60.TheNernstEquation能斯特47.Solubility溶解度方程48.TheSolubility-Product61.Electrolysis电解ConstantKsp溶度积常数62.TheWaveBehaviorof49.Precipitationandseparationof Electrons电子的颠簸性Ions离子的积淀与分别63.Bohr’sModelofThe50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons HydrogenAtom氢原子的波尔模离子的选择积淀型51.Oxidation-Reduction64.LineSpectra线光谱Reactions氧化还原反应65.QuantumNumbers量子数52.OxidationNumber氧化数66.ElectronSpin电子自旋53.Balancing67.AtomicOrbital原子轨道Oxidation-ReductionEquations68.Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals(p,d,氧化还原反应方程的配平f)轨道54.Half-Reaction半反应69.Many-ElectronAtoms多电子55.GalvaniCell原电池原子70.EnergiesofOrbital轨道能量论71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple86.CovalenceBond共价键泡林不相容原理87.OrbitalOverlap轨道重叠72.ElectronConfigurations电子88.MultipleBonds重键构型89.HybridOrbital杂化轨道73.ThePeriodicTable周期表90.TheVSEPRModel价层电子74.Row行对互斥理论75.Group族91.MolecularGeometries分子空76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,间构型andMassNumbers同位素,原子92.MolecularOrbital分子轨道数,质量数93.DiatomicMolecules双原子77.PeriodicPropertiesofthe分子Elements元素的周期律94.BondLength键长78.RadiusofAtoms原子半径95.BondOrder键级79.IonizationEnergy电离能96.BondAngles键角80.Electronegativity电负性97.BondEnthalpies键能81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有98.BondPolarity键矩效核电荷99.DipoleMoments偶极矩82.ElectronAffinities亲电性100.PolarityMolecules极性分83.Metals金属子84.Nonmetals非金属101.PolyatomicMolecules多原85.ValenceBondTheory价键理子分子102.CrystalStructure晶体结构Numbers,andGeometries电荷103.Non-Crystal非晶体数、配位数、及几何构型104.ClosePackingofSpheres球117.Chelates螯合物密积聚118.Isomerism异构现象105.MetallicSolids金属晶体119.StructuralIsomerism结构异106.MetallicBond金属键构107.Alloys合金120.Stereoisomerism立体异构108.IonicSolids离子晶体121.Magnetism磁性109.Ion-DipoleForces离子偶极122.ElectronConfigurationsin 力OctahedralComplexes八面体构110.MolecularForces分子间力型配合物的电子分布111.IntermolecularForces分子123.Tetrahedraland间作使劲Square-planarComplexes四周体112.HydrogenBonding氢键和平面四边形配合物113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原124.GeneralCharacteristics共性子晶体125.s-BlockElementss区元素pounds化合物126.AlkaliMetals碱金属115.TheNomenclature,127.AlkalineEarthMetals碱土CompositionandStructureof金属Complexes配合物的命名,构成128.Hydrides氢化物和结构129.Oxides氧化物116.Charges,Coordination130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides过氧化物和超氧化物141.NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus, 131.Hydroxides氢氧化物Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth) 132.Salts盐氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)133.p-BlockElementsp区元素142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,134.BoronGroup(Boron,PhosphoricAcid氨,硝酸,磷酸Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,143.Phosphorates,phosphorus Thallium)硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,Halides磷酸盐,卤化磷铊)144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,135.Borane硼烷Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium) 136.CarbonGroup(Carbon,氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)臭氧,过氧化氢137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,146.Sulfides硫化物CarbonDioxide石墨,一氧化碳,147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,二氧化碳Bromine,Iodine)卤素(氟,氯,138.CarbonicAcid,Carbonates溴,碘)andCarbides碳酸,碳酸盐,碳148.Halides,Chloride卤化物,氯化物化物139.OccurrenceandPreparation149.TheNobleGases稀有气体ofSilicon硅的存在和制备150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有140.SilicicAcid,Silicates硅酸,气体化合物硅酸盐151.d-Blockelementsd区元素152.TransitionMetals过渡金属167.titrimetry滴定解析153.PotassiumDichromate重铬168.gravimetricanalysis重量分酸钾析法154.PotassiumPermanganate高169.regent试剂锰酸钾170.chromatographicanalysis色155.IronCopperZincMercury谱解析铁,铜,锌,汞171.product产物156.f-BlockElementsf区元素172.electrochemicalanalysis电nthanides镧系元素化学解析158.Radioactivity放射性173.on-lineanalysis在线解析159.NuclearChemistry核化学174.macroanalysis常量解析160.NuclearFission核裂变175.characteristic表征161.NuclearFusion核聚变176.microanalysis微量解析162.analyticalchemistry解析化177.deformationanalysis形态分学析163.qualitativeanalysis定性分178.semimicroanalysis半微量析解析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分179.systematicalerror系统偏差析180.routineanalysis惯例解析165.chemicalanalysis化学解析181.randomerror有时偏差166.instrumentalanalysis仪器分182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析析183.grosserror过失偏差198.titrationerror滴定偏差184.normaldistribution正态分199.primarystandard基准物质布200.amountofsubstance物质的185.accuracy正确度量186.deviation偏差201.standardization标定187.precision精美度202.chemicalreaction化学反应188.relativestandarddeviation203.concentration浓度相对标准偏差(RSD)204.chemicalequilibrium化学平189.coefficientvariation变异系衡数(CV)205.titer滴定度190.confidencelevel置信水206.generalequationfora平chemicalreaction化学反应的191.confidenceinterval置信区通式间207.protontheoryofacid-base酸192.significanttest明显性检验碱质子理论193.significantfigure有效数字208.acid-basetitration酸碱滴定194.standardsolution标准溶法液209.dissociationconstant解离常195.titration滴定数196.stoichiometricpoint化学计210.conjugateacid-basepair共量点轭酸碱对197.endpoint滴定终点211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子228.ethylenediaminetetraacetic 213.electrolyte电解质acid二胺四乙酸214.ion-productconstantofwater229.sidereactioncoefficient副水的离子积反应系数215.ionization电离230.coordinationatom配位原子216.protoncondition质子均衡231.coordinationnumber配位数217.zerolevel零水平232.lonepairelectron孤对电子218.buffersolution缓冲溶液233.chelatecompound螯合物219.methylorange甲基橙234.metalindicator金属指示剂220.acid-baseindicator酸碱指235.chelatingagent螯合剂示剂236.masking遮蔽221.phenolphthalein酚酞237.demasking解蔽222.coordinationcompound配位238.electron电子化合物239.catalysis催化223.centerion中心离子240.oxidation氧化224.cumulativestabilityconstant241.catalyst催化剂积累稳固常数242.reduction还原225.alphacoefficient酸效应系243.catalyticreaction催化反应数244.reactionrate反应速率226.overallstabilityconstant总245.electrodepotential电极电势稳固常数246.activationenergy反应的活227.ligand配位体化能247.redoxcouple氧化还原电261.coprecipitation共积淀对262.ignition灼烧248.potassiumpermanganate高263.fitration过滤锰酸钾264.decantation倾注法249.iodimetry碘量法265.chemicalfactor化学因数250.potassiumdichromate重铬266.spectrophotometry分光光度酸钾法251.cerimetry铈量法267.colorimetry比色解析252.redoxindicator氧化还原268.transmittance透光率指示269.absorptivity吸光率253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量270.calibrationcurve校订曲线(OC)271.standardcurve标准曲线254.chemicaloxygendemanded272.monochromator单色器化学需氧量(COD)273.source光源255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧274.wavelengthdispersion色散(DO)275.absorptioncell汲取池256.precipitation积淀反应276.detector检测系统257.argentimetry银量法277.bathochromicshift红移258.heterogeneousequilibriumof278.Molarabsorptivity摩尔吸光ions多相离子均衡系数259.aging陈化279.hypochromicshift紫移260.postprecipitation继积淀280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯296.Waldeninversio瓦尔登反转282.acetylatingagent乙酰化剂n283.aceticacid乙酸297.Enantiomorph对映体284.adiethylether乙醚298.additionreaction加成反应285.ethylalcohol乙醇299.dextro-右旋286.acetaldehtde乙醛300.levo-左旋287.-βdicarbontlcompound二β–301.stereochemistry立体化学羰基化合物302.stereoisomer立体异构体288.bimolecularelimination双303.Lucasreagent卢卡斯试剂分子除掉反应304.covalentbond共价键289.bimolecularnucleophilic305.conjugateddiene共轭二烯substitution双分子亲核代替反烃应306.conjugateddoublebond共290.openchaincompound开链轭双键族化合物307.conjugatedsystem共轭系统291.molecularorbitaltheory分308.conjugatedeffect共轭效应子轨道理论309.isomer同分异构体292.chiralmolecule手性分子310.isomerism同分异构现象293.tautomerism互变异构现象anicchemistry有机化学294.reactionmechanism反应历312.hybridization杂化程313.hybridorbital杂化轨道295.chemicalshift化学位移314.heterocycliccompound杂环化合物329.Claisencondensationreaction 315.peroxideeffect过氧化物效克莱森酯缩合反应应t330.Claisenrearrangement克莱316.valencebondtheory价键理森重排论331.Diels-Alderreation狄尔斯- 317.sequencerule次序规则阿尔得反应318.electron-attractinggroup吸332.Clemmensenreduction克莱电子基门森还原319.Huckelrule休克尔规则333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎320.Hinsbergtest兴斯堡试验罗反应321.infraredspectrum红外光谱334.positionalisomers地点异构322.Michaelreacton麦克尔反应体323.halogenatedhydrocarbon卤335.unimolecularelimination代烃324.haloformreaction卤仿反应reaction单分子除掉反应336.unimolecularnucleophilic325.systematicnomenclatur系统substitution单分子亲核代替反命名法e应326.Newmanprojection纽曼投337.benzene苯。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀acetal ??? 醛缩醇-ene 烯acetal- ??? 乙酰epi- 表acid ?? ?? 酸epoxy- 环氧-al ?? ?? 醛-ester 酯alcohol 醇-ether 醚-aldehyde 醛ethoxy- 乙氧基alkali- 碱ethyl 乙基allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl( 丙烯基 )]alkoxy- 烷氧基fluoro- 氟代-amide 酰胺form 仿amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-glycol 二醇-amine 胺-ane 烷hemi- 半anhydride 酐hendeca- 十一anilino- 苯胺基hepta- 七aquo- 含水的heptadeca- 十七-ase 酶hexa- 六-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯hexadeca- 十六-atriyne 三炔-hydrin 醇azo- 偶氮hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基benzene 苯bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐bis-双-borane硼烷bromo- 溴butyl丁基-carbinol甲醇carbonyl羰基-carboxylic acid羧酸-2chloro-氯代hypo- 低级的,次hyper-高级的,高-ic酸的,高价金属-ide无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il偶酰-imine亚胺iodine碘iodo-碘代iso-异,等,同-ite亚酸盐cis- 顺式keto- 酮condensed 缩合的、冷凝的ketone 酮cyclo- 环-lactone 内酯deca- 十deci 10 -1 mega- 106-dine 啶meta- 间,偏dodeca- 十二methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10 -6-3milli- 10mono- ( mon-)一,单-9nano- 10nitro-硝基nitroso-亚硝基nona- 九octa-八octadeca-十八-oic酸的-ol醇-one 酮ortho-邻,正,原-ous亚酸的,低价金属oxa-氧杂-oxide氧化合物-oxime肟oxo-酮oxy-氧化-oyl酰para-对位,仲penta-五pentadeca-十五per-高,过petro-石油phenol苯酚phenyl苯基-12pico- 10poly-聚,多quadri-四quinque-五semi-半septi-七sesqui一个半sulfa-磺胺sym- 对称syn-顺式,同,共ter-三tetra-四tetradeca-十四tetrakis-四个thio-硫代trans-反式,超,跨thio-硫代tri-三trideca-十三tris-三个undeca- 十一uni-单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl基-ylene撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical? bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy 键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution 构造contiguration 构型conformation 构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis- 顺trans- 反isomerism 同分异构现象isomer 异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer 构造异构Common ring 普通环structural formula 结构式Medium rimg 中环octet 八隅体Large ring 大环perspective 透视式Bridged-ring system 桥环体系eclipsed conformation 重叠式构象Spiro compound 螺环化合物staggered conformation 交叉式构象Helical molecule 螺旋型分子newman projection 纽曼投影式Octahedral compound 八面体化合物functional group 官能团Conjugation 共轭chain compoud 链状化合物Conjugated-system 共轭体系carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物Acyl cation 酰[ 基] 正离子heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物Benzylic cation 苄[ 基] 正离子dipole-dipole interactions 偶极 - Arenirm ion 芳[ 基] 正离子偶极相互作用Ketyl radical 羰自由基van der Waals forces 范德华力Radical ion 自由基离子hydrogen bonding 氢键Radical cation 自由基正离子dipole moment 偶极矩Radical anion 自由基负离子electronegativity 电负性Isomerism 异构[ 现象 ]physical property 物理性质Aci form 酸式melting point 熔点Fluxional structure 循变结构boiling point 沸点Stereochemistry 立体化学reaction mechanism 反应机理Optical activity 光学活性homolysis 均裂Dextro isomer 右旋异构体free redical 自由基Laevo isomer 左旋异构体heterolysis 异裂Tetrahedral configuration 四面体ionic type 离子型构型electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂Stereoisomerism 立体异构 [ 现象 ] electrophilic reaction 亲电反应Asymmetric atom 不对称原子nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称英文名汉文名碳Angular methyl group 角甲基Phantom atom 虚拟原子Alkylidene group 亚烷基Homotopic 等位[ 的]Allyl group 烯丙基Heterotopic 异位[的]Allylic烯丙型[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位 [ 的] Phenyl group 苯基Diastereotopic 非对映异位 [ 的] Aryl group 芳基Configuration 构型Benzyl group 苄基Absolute configuration 绝对构型Benzylic 苄型 [ 的] Chirality 手性Activating group 活化基团Chiral 手性 [ 的]Chromophore 生色团Chiral center 手性中心Auxochrome 助色团Chiral molecule 手性分子Magnetically anisotropic group 磁Achiral 非手性 [ 的]各向异性基团Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Smally ring 小环Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[ 异构] 体Diastereomer 非对映[异构] 体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基 [ 差向 ] 异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E 异构体Z isomer Z 异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前 R基团Pro-S proup 前 S基团Re face Re 面Si face Si 面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsion angle扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation反式构象Bisecting conformation等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skewcon-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[ 型] 构象Axial bond 直 [ 立 ] 键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog ’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[ 化学] 取向Conformational transmission构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position本位Ortho position邻位Meta position间位Para position对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel ’ rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativityscale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮 - 烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚- 酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环- 链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可 [ 的 ]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度 Electron donof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex 电子给 [ 体] 受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Nucleophile-assistedReactive intermediate 活泼中间体unimolecu-lar electrophilic Microscopic reversibility 微观可substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲逆性电取代Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Unimolecular elimination 单分子消Linear free energy 线性自由能除Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作Bimolecular elimination 双分子消用除Torsional effect 扭转效应Unimolecular elimination through Pitzer strain 皮策张力the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转除Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Bimolecular elimination through Eclipsing strain 重叠张力the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消Small-angle strain 小角张力除Large angle strain 大角张力Bimolecular elimination with Transannular interaction 跨环相互for-mation of a carbonyl group 双作用分子羰基形成消除Transannular strain 跨环张力Unimolecular acid-catalyzedI strain 内张力acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化F strain 前张力酰氧断裂B strain 后张力Bimolecular base-catalyzed Anomeric effect 端基异构效应acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转酰氧断裂Racemization 外消旋化Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Isoinversion 等反转alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催Isoracemization 等消旋化烷氧断裂Homochiral 纯手性 [ 的] Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- Mechanism 机理kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子烷氧断裂亲核取代π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙Bimolecular nucleophilic 型络合机理sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Borderline mechanism 边理机理Bimolecular nucleophilic Homolysis 均裂substi-tution(with allylic Heterolysis 异裂rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理(含烯丙型重排)Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Internal nucleophilic Ion pair 离子对substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Carbocation 碳正离子Aromatic nucleophilic Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代正离子Unimolecular electrophilic Carbanion 碳负离子sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Bimolecular electrophilic Carbenoid 卡宾体substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Neighboring group participation Carbine 碳炔邻基基参与Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Neighboring proupElectrophile 亲电体assistance,anchimeric assistance Diaxial addition 双直键加成邻助作用Markovnikov ’s rube 马尔科夫尼科Neighboring group effect 邻基效应规则Apofacial reaction 反面反应Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代加成Aryl action 芳正离子Michael addition迈克尔加成Benzyne 苯炔Substitution 取代Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Electrophilic substitution 亲电取Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采代夫定向Addition-elimination mechanism加Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则成消除机理Electrophilic aromaticsubstitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α- 效应Backside attack背面进攻Inversion反转Umbrella effect伞效应Push-pull effect推拉效应Leaving group离去基团Electrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Bredt rule布雷特规则Initiation引发Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Partial bond fixation键[的]部分固定化02. 3 有机化学反应Alkylation烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation硅烷[ 基] 化Exhaustive methylation彻底甲基化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation脱甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination双氨基化Cine substitution移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Nitration硝化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Coupling reaction偶联反应Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition共轭加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additive dimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氢化Oxyamination羟氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Oxo process羰基合成Decarbonylation脱羰Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯 - 尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯- 阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination - 消除- elimination - 消除- elimination - 消除-elimination - 消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification酯交换Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Transacetalation缩醛交换Enolization烯醇化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Condensation缩合Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation增环反应Spiroannulation螺增环Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation金属化Lithiation锂化Hydrometallation氢金属化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羟汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小 [ 反应] Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement - 酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement - 迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement亲电重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbidden transition禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Oxime 肟Wax 蜡Aldimine 醛肟Paraffin wax 石蜡Oxime 亚硝基化合物Alkene 烯aldoxime 硝酮Alkyen 炔Hydrazone 腙Acetylide 炔化物Azine 嗪Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲化合物Cyanohydrin 羟腈Carbon acid 碳氢酸Pinacol 频哪醇Super acid 超酸Enol 烯醇Diene 双烯Enol ether 烯醇醚Triene 三烯Enol ester 烯醇酯Allene 丙二烯Enamine 烯胺Ccumulene 累积多烯Ynamine 炔胺Enyne 烯炔Mannich base 曼尼希碱Diyne 二炔Carboxylic acid 羧酸Alkyl halide 卤代烷Ester 酯Alcohol 醇orthoester 原酸酯Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Acyl halide 酰卤Ether 醚Acyl fluoride 酰氟Epoxide 环氧化物Acyl chloride 酰氯Cellosolve 溶纤剂Acyl rtomide 酰溴Crown ether 冠醚Acyl iodide 酰碘Netro compound 硝基化合物Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Amine 胺Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵Ketene 乙烯酮化合物Peracid 过酸Amine oxide 氧化胺Perester 过酸酯Diazoalkane 重氮烷Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Mercaptan 硫醇Nitrile 腈Sulfonic acid 磺酸Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Sulfoxide 亚砜Isonitrile 异腈Sulfone 砜Amide 酰胺Aldehyde 醛Imide 二酰亚胺Detone 酮N-bromo compound N-溴化物Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Hydrazide 酰肼Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Acyl azide 酰叠氮Hemiacetal 半缩醛Amidine 脒Acetal 缩醛Keto ester 酮酸酯Ketal 缩酮Acyl cyanide 酰腈Dithiane 二噻烷Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Aminal 缩醛胺Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸imine 亚胺Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Aldimine 醛亚胺Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon苷元Saccharide糖类Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Alditol糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound脂环化合物Cycloalkene环烷Spirane环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring索烃。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀有机化学专业英语词汇(精)acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体T etrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation重叠构象Gauche conformation, skewcon-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的] Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilicsubsti-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilicsubstiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilicsubstitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilicsub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilicsubsti-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination withfor-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzedacyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromaticsubstitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proupassistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应] Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。
化学化工专业词汇常用前后缀
-acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰acid 酸 -al醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮 diazo-重氮benzene 苯
bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 cyano-氰基deca- 十 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二 -ene 烯epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基
ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代 -form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七
heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基
hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐 -il 偶酰-imine 亚胺
iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮 ketone 酮 kilo- 千 -lactone 内酯mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基 micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单 nitro- 硝基 nitroso- 亚硝基 nona- 九, nano- 10-9 nonadeca- 十九 octa- 八 octadeca- 十八
-oic 酸的 -ol 醇 -one 酮 ortho- 邻,正,原 -ous 亚酸的,低价金属 oxa- 氧杂 -oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化 -oyl 酰 para-对位,仲 penta-五pentadeca-十五 per- 高,过
petro- 石油 phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基 poly- 聚,多pyro- 焦quadri- 四 quinque- 五 semi- 半septi- 七 sesqui- 一个半 sexi- 六 sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称 syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三 tetra- 四
tetradeca- 十四 tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代 trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三 thio- 硫代
trans- 反式,超,跨 tri- 三trideca- 十三 tris- 三个 undeca- 十一 uni- 单,一
unsym- 不对称的,偏位 -yl 基 -ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔
化学学科常用的缩略语
ab. absolute 绝对的addn. addition 添加alc. alcohol 醇alk. alkali 碱) amt. amount 量RA.P. analytically pure 分析纯app. apparatus 装置approx. approximate 大约aqu.aqueous 水的asym. asymmetric 不对称的atm. atmospheric 大气压av. average 平均的b.p. boiling point 沸点ca. about 大约cal. caloric 卡路里calc. calculate 计算cf. compare 比较chem. chemistry 化学const. constant 常数Icontg. containing 含有…的compd. compound 化合物C.P. chemically pure 化学纯cryst. crystalline 晶体decomp. decompose 分解deriv. derivative 衍生detn. determination 测定dil. dilute 稀释的distd. distilled 蒸馏的e.g. for example 例如elec. electric 电的eq. equation 方程equil. equilibrium 平衡equiv.equivalent 等价的et. al. and others 以及其他人etc. et cetera 等等evap. evaporation 蒸发expt. experimental 实验的fig. figure 图hyd. hydrous 水的ibid.同前、如上,在同一地方lab. laboratory 实验室liq. liquid 液体L.R. laboratory reagent实验试剂manf. manufacture 制造max. maximum 最大的min. minute 最小的mixt. mixture 混合物mol.wt. molecular weight 分子量m.p. melting point 熔点分org. organic 有机的ppm. parts per million 百万分之一ppt.precipitated 沉淀的prep. prepare制备resp.respectively分别地sec. second 第二soln. solution 溶液solv. solvent 溶剂sp.gr. specific gravity 比重sq. square 平方sub. sublime 升华susp. suspended 悬浮地tech. technical 技术的Tech.P. technically pure 技术纯temp. temperature 温度vol. volume 体积wt. Weight 重量。