【步步高】2015届高中英语外研版(通用)【配套WORD文档】：语法专题十一 代词

语法专项(十一)代词考点一none，no one，neither，nothing和no的用法1．none“没人，没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。

none 后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。

They were all tired, but none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。

None of us have/has been there.我们中没有人去过那里。

—How many of you have seen the film?你们中有多少人看过这部电影？—None (of us)．一个也没有。

[考题印证](2012·课标全国)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but ________of them wants to，because they have work to do.A．either B．anyC．neither D．none解析：either和neither用于两者，any和none用于三者以上，根据Bill and Peter可知应排除B、D两项；句中but表示转折，所以应选否定意义的C项，此处表示“但是他们(两人)没有想去的”。

答案：C2．no one表“没有人，谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，后跟单数动词。

常可用来回答who引导的问句。

—Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题？—No one.没人。

3．nothing 意为“没有东西”，一般回答what 。

—What's in the cave?洞里有什么？—Nothing.没什么。

[考题印证](2012·西安第一次质检)—Can I have some milk for my coffee?—I'm afraid there is ________ left.A ．nothingB ．no oneC ．noneD ．neither解析：none 表示“没有”，既可以指人，也可以指物，但此处指的是物，强调的是数量。

英语词类英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun) 、代词 (pronoun) 、形容词 (adjective) 、副词 (adverb) 、动词(verb) 、数词 (numeral) 、冠词 (article) 、介词 (preposition) 、连词(conjunctions) 和感叹词 (interjection) 。

英语代词的用法全归纳一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。

代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。

综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。

二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称（第一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，性（阴性、阳性、中性）以及格（主格、宾格）的变化。

物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

特别注意：形容词性物主代词its 没有相应的名词性物主代词。

这三种代词的形式变化表如下：形容词名词性单复性人称主格宾格物主代反身代词数物主代词词单I 我Me 我My 我的Mine 我Myself 我第一数的自已人称复We 我们Us 我Our 我Ours 我Ourselves数们们的的东西我们自已单Your 你Yours Yourself You 你You 你 你的东 数的，你自已西 第二人称You 你 You 你 Your 你 Yours Yourselvs 复 你们的 数们们们你们自已东西He 他Him 他 His 他的 His 他的 Himself他自已单 She 她Her 她Her 她Hers 她 Herself 她 数的的东西 自已第三Itself 它自人称It 它It 她Its 它的 无已复 They 他 Them Their 他 TheirsThemselfs他们的数们他们们的他们自已东西三、人称代词的用法1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。

专题九 形容词和副词◆形容词和副词的考查要点1．形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。

而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。

以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a task difficult to finish(2)表语形容词(afraid ，alike ，alone ，asleep ，awake ，alive 等)作定语，定语后置。

如a man alive 。

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well ，faint ，ill 只作表语。

sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为“bad”。

(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one ，no ，any ，some 和every 构成的复合词如anything ，something 等时，通常后置。

I have something important to tell you.(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

(5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。

(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度副词如often ，always ，usually 等在be 动词后，行为动词前。

(8)副词作定语，定语后置。

The person there is waiting for you.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词＋大小、长短或高低词＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella(10)以­ly 结尾的词性辨析。

定语从句1．I've read many stories of Lei Feng，________this is the most touching one.A．who B．of whichC．of whom D．that答案B [考查定语从句用法。

句意：我读过很多雷锋的故事，其中这个故事最令人感动。

先行词为stories，代入定语从句后为：This is the most touching one of the_stories.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词(stories)表示“物”，故排除C项。

] 2．Reading books，________takes the reader to other worlds，is a wonderful way to enjoy life.A．that B．whatC．as D．which答案D [考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：读书是一种享受生活的好方法，它把读者带到其他的世界中。

先行词是reading books，代入定语从句后为：Reading books takes the reader to other worlds.先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。

]3．This was returned because the person________this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A．to whom B．to whichC．which D．whom答案A [考查定语从句。

句意：信件被退回来了，因为收件人三年前就去世了。

address this letter to sb.把这封信寄给某人。

]4．On the second floor there are two rooms，________is usedas a meeting room.A．the larger of whichB．one of themC．the larger one of thatD．the largest of which答案A [句意：在二楼有两个房间，其中较大的那个被用作会议室。

Module 6War and PeaceⅠ.单项填空1．—Did you make________breakthrough in the project?—No.On________contrary，we stopped because of lack of money.A．the；/B．the；theC．a；the D．a；/答案C[make a breakthrough取得突破；on the contrary相反。

]2．________what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem.A．Except for B．Due toC．Because of D．In spite of答案D[考查介词短语。

前一部分what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people和后面的内容之间存在着逻辑上的让步关系，所以用In spite of表示“尽管”。

] 3．He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he________a goal.A．would have scored B．would scoreC．has scored D．had scored答案A[考查虚拟语气。

表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句用would/should/could＋have done结构。

]4．The similarities between identical twins often cause us to________their personal differences.A．arrest B．condemnC．betray D．overlook答案D[arrest逮捕；condemn指责，谴责；betray背叛，出卖；overlook忽视。

Module 6　Old and NewI. 阅读理解AMost people who move to a foreign country or culture may go through some form of culture shock，and its degree is determined by the differences between cultures，the anxiety to adapt to a new culture and the familiarity with a new culture，etc.If you go，for example，to a culture that is far different from your own，you’re likely to experience culture shock more sharply than those who move to a new culture knowing the language and the custom of it.It is important to understand and learn how to deal with culture shock if you are to adapt successfully to your new home’s cultures.There are four general stages of cultural adjustment，and being aware of them helps you understand that culture shock won’t last long.It’s just a process you are going through rather than a constant situation.The first stage is usually referred to as “the honeymoon stage”．Upon arriving in a new environment，you’ll be interested in the new culture.Everything will seem thrilling and everyone will seem friendly and helpful.During this stage you are merely taking in these impressions passively.But it isn’t long before the honeymoon stage gives way to the second stage—“the withdrawal stage”．The excitement you felt before is gone and problems arise.The language is hard to learn，people are unusual and unpredictable，friends，are hard to make，and simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges.It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick，and you will probably find yourself complaining about the new cu lture or country.This is the stage called “culture shock”．At some point，if you can manage it well，you’ll begin the transition into the next stage，“the recovery stage”，in which you’ll feel more confident functioning in the new culture.Customs and traditions are clearer and easier to understand.At this stage，you’ll deal with new challenges with humor rather than anxiety.1.According to the passage，culture shock can be________.A．dealt with more easily for some peopleB．reduced by learning the language aloneC．avoided by knowing adjustment stagesD．got rid of by learning just the custom2．“The honeymoon stage” here refers to________.A．the first month after the weddingB．the period of excitementC．the stage of adaptationD．the holiday for a newly­married couple3．Which of the following doesn’t belong to the second stage?A．Becoming upset. B．Missing family.C．Feeling confident. D．Making complaints.4．What would be probably discussed in the following paragraph?A．Consequences of culture shock.B．Challenges in a new country.C．Preparations for a new culture.D．The 4th stage of cultural adjustment.【语篇解读】　对大多数移居国外的人而言，文化冲击使他们面临重重困难。