苏州大学非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲

苏州大学英语文学、英语翻译考研大纲、参考书目及备考经验考试大纲：①101 思想政治理论②202 俄语或 203 日语或 244 法语（自命题）或 245 德语（自命题）③615 基础英语④828 英语翻译与写作复试：1、英美文学与英美概况（笔试）2、综合（面试）参考书目：备考建议：忍了好久，终于还是决定写下这篇帖子。

首先说明，楼主没有考上苏大。

so,这是一个总结楼主失败经验的帖子。

楼主是一名普通二本学校的学生，由于从小就喜欢英美文学，这样说太高大上，其实楼主只是喜欢看小说，楼主天真的以为选了英美文学专业就可以光明正大的看好多小说，事实证明，楼主道行太浅了，，楼主是从大三开始前的寒假开始准备选学校。

楼主虽然是个粗犷的北方汉，却有着浓浓的南方姑娘情节(楼主是女的)，于是楼主选学校时，就毅然决然的抛弃了北方的所有学校，鉴于楼主本科只是一所普通二本，楼主觉得自己实力有限，南大，武大什么的太遥远，所以楼主千挑万选选中了苏大，其实啰嗦了一大堆，根本原因就是，苏大啊！楼主那么喜欢江南水乡，这个被誉为中国最美的园林大学，怎么能不让楼主蠢蠢欲动！而且楼主发现苏大的英语并不是热门，不是热门啊！意味着啥！好考啊！报的人少啊！楼主以为自己捡了个漏，事实证明，楼主又错了。

苏大英语虽然没有其他学科那么突出，但是也是相当有实力的，报的人虽然不多，但是要的人更少啊！楼主翻了翻历年的招收人数，结果发现，，，一年比一年少啊，尤其是楼主这个专业，楼主扒拉遍了贴吧，各种群，论坛，才找到几个学姐啊！所以报的孩子要三思和慎重啊，，，不然到时候，连一个专门的苏大英语语言文学QQ群都木有啊！！！！然而当年的楼主就是那么自信，其实也是想咬着牙试一试，说白了就是被苏大的美给迷晕了啊！找好学校以后，楼主就开始买真题，买书，没找到学姐楼主就从官网上买题，三百多一套啊！楼主也忍了，不得不吐槽一下，苏大参考书真多啊，还都成套的，基英四本，日语四本，就连张培基，都tm整四本啊！政治什么的楼主就不说了。

【附件1】**大学关于硕士研究生、博士研究生学位外语要求的规定
为适应硕士研究生、博士研究生学位外语考试改革的需要，确保学位授予质量，特制定本规定。

一、博士研究生学位外语要求
博士研究生的学位外语，必须达到下列要求之一：
学位外语为英语的博士研究生，学校学位英语课程考试成绩达75分及以上；或学校学位英语课程考试成绩达70分及以上但未达75分，而全国大学英语六级考试成绩达总分的60%及以上。

学位外语非英语的博士研究生，学校学位外语课程考试成绩达75分及以上；或学校学位外语课程考试成绩达70分及以上但未达75分，而全国大学外语（日语、俄语、法语、德语）四级考试成绩达总分的65%及以上。

二、硕士研究生学位外语要求
硕士研究生的学位外语，必须达到下列要求之一：
学位外语为英语的硕士研究生，学校学位英语课程考试成绩达75分及以上。

学位外语非英语的硕士研究生，学校学位外语课程考试成绩达75分及以上；或学校学位外语课程考试成绩达70分及以上但未达75分，而全国大学外语（日语、俄语、法语、德语）四级考试成绩达总分的60%及以上。

Unit2A1,Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means of photosynthesis2,Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician who carries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution.3,Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1936.4,The fact he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him with anmmunition for his argument.5,We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6,76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response.7,John’s arthritis is getting so unberable these days that he has to be hospitalized.8,Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged(up) within him.9,Despitc some exception,compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in British courts. 10,The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regarded as quite radical in some European coutries.B1,The long simmering enthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce debate,with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate rightousness.2,And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force.3,Cancer patients and sufferers from multiple sclerosis are the most frequent subejects of euthanasia in Holland...4,Last fall 19 distinguished British doctors wrote an open letter calling for the legalization of euthanasia for AIDS patients in the advanced stages of their illness.5,Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasis would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuse.6,Even in the Netherlands ,the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safe guards.T1，不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物；也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望，因此要求医生不要对病人进行保命式的治疗。

苏州大学苏大学位 [2009] 12号关于印发《苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则》的通知各学院（部、所、中心、室）、部门、直属单位：《苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则》业经第八届校学位评定委员会综合学部第二次会议审议通过，现予印发，希认真贯彻执行。

特此通知。

附件：苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则苏州大学二○○九年九月三日主题词:硕士博士学位授予工作细则印发通知抄送：国务院学位委员会办公室；江苏省学位委员会办公室；校各党委、党工委，校党委各部门，工会、团委。

研究生部2009年09月03日印发校对：金薇吟附件：苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则第一章总则第一条根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》、《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》及国务院学位委员会、江苏省学位委员会的有关规定，结合我校实际情况，特制定本工作细则。

第二条本校授予硕士、博士两级学位，按国务院学位委员会和江苏省学位委员会批准我校有权授予学位的学科门类、专业学位类别授予。

第三条凡拥护中国共产党的领导，拥护社会主义制度，遵纪守法，品行端正，具有一定学术水平者，均可按本细则的有关规定，申请相应的学位，但不得同时向两个学位授予单位提出申请。

第二章申请学位的基本要求第四条申请硕士学位的基本要求攻读硕士学位人员(含硕士研究生、硕士专业学位研究生、高等学校教师在职攻读硕士学位人员以及同等学力申请硕士学位人员，下同)，通过硕士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，达到下述要求者，可授予硕士学位：一、掌握马克思主义的基本理论；二、在本门学科上掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识；三、具有从事科学研究工作或独立担负专门技术工作的能力；四、能比较熟练地运用一种外国语阅读本专业的外文资料。

第五条申请博士学位的基本要求攻读博士学位人员（含博士研究生、博士专业学位研究生，下同），通过博士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，达到下述要求者，可授予博士学位：一、较好地掌握马克思主义的基本理论；二、在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识；三、具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力；四、在科学或专门技术上做出创造性的成果；五、能熟练地运用第一外国语阅读本专业的外文资料，具有一定的写作能力；并具有运用第二外国语阅读本专业外文资料的初步能力。

苏州大学非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程教学大纲一、总则按照《中华人民共和国学位条例》及《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》的要求，以教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》为依据，结合我校硕士研究生的实际情况，特制定苏州大学非英语专业硕士研究生英语课程的教学大纲。

非英语专业硕士研究生英语教学的宗旨是为了使学生更好地掌握英语这门工具，进行本专业的学习、研究与国际交流，满足新世纪对高层次人才的要求，引进国外的先进技术，为国家的高科技发展作贡献，同时也将自己的科研成果推向世界。

因此，在教学中要贯彻因材施教，学以致用的原则，培养和提高硕士研究生运用英语的能力。

二、教学对象本大纲的教学对象是苏州大学非英语专业硕士研究生（以下简称硕士生），其英语入学水平原则上应高于学士学位英语的通过水平。

三、教学重点硕士生英语教学的主要目的是使学生更好地掌握英语这门工具，进行本专业的学习、培养学生具有较熟练地阅读有关专业书刊的能力同时也培养一定的听、说能力，正确处理读、写、听、说、译、的关系。

因此教学重点必须结合专业英语的特点强调应用。

硕士生英语教学最基本的要求是一定要使学生的阅读能力真正过关。

掌握较多的词汇，具备较熟练的阅读技能，进行大量的阅读和接触一定难度的文章是搞好阅读的关键。

在培养阅读能力的同时，根据硕士生的培养目标和实际需要，还应注意对写、译能力的培养并适当兼顾听说能力的培养。

按照语言教学的规律，读、写、听、说是相辅相成的。

听、说作为一种有效的教学手段，应当充分加利用。

四、教学要求1．基础英语部分（1）词汇理解性掌握6000个左右的常用单词及600个左右常用词组，复用性掌握其中2000个左右的基本词，认知140个左右常用词根和词缀，并能根据构词法识别派生词。

（2）语法能较熟练地运用语法知识，能理解语法结构复杂的长难句。

（3）读掌握并能运用各项阅读技能（如概括中心思想，猜词悟意，预见，推量和推论等），具有语篇水平上的分析能力。

目　录2010年苏州大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年苏州大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年苏州大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年苏州大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年苏州大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part I. Term translationA. Translate the following into English. (15 points)1．H1N1 vaccine【答案】H1N1型流感疫苗2．Citibank【答案】花旗银行3．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织4．APEC【答案】亚太经合组织5．IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织6．NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织7．Retaliatory tariff【答案】报复性关税8．Elastic demand【答案】弹性要求9．HDTV【答案】高清电视10．Letter of credit【答案】信用证11．financial tsunami【答案】金融风暴12．labor insurance【答案】劳动保险13．Pentagon【答案】五角大楼；美国国防部14．venture capital【答案】风险资本15．trade surplus【答案】贸易顺差B. Translate the following into Chinese. (15 points) 1．鱼米之乡【答案】a region abundant in fish and rice2．上海2010世博会【答案】Shanghai World Exposition 20103．兵马俑【答案】Terra-Cotta Warriors4．中外合资经济【答案】Sino-Foreign Joint Venture5．中国工商银行【答案】Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 6．中国社科院【答案】the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 7．刺绣【答案】embroidery8．生态旅游【答案】ecotourism9．夕阳产业【答案】Declining Industry10．和平共处五项原则【答案】Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 11．非政府组织【答案】Non-government Organization12．抵押贷款【答案】mortgage loan13．房地产开发商【答案】real estate developer14．小额投资【答案】small investment15．中国人民政治协商会议【答案】the Chinese People’s Political Consultative ConferencePart II. Translate the following into Chinese. (60 points)“I was rich, if not in money, in sunny hours and summer days.”—Henry David ThoreauWhen Thoreau wrote that line, he was thinking of the Walden Pond he knew as a boy.Woodchoppers and the Iron Horse had not yet greatly damaged the beauty of its setting. A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat, lazily drifting from shore to shore while the loons dived and the swallows dipped around him. Thoreau loved to recall such sunny hours and summer days “when idleness was the most attractive and productive business.”I too was a boy in love with a pond, rich in sunny hours and summer days. Sun and summer are still what they always were, but the boy and the pond changed. The boy, who is now a man, no longer find much time for idle drifting. The pond has been annexed by a great city. The swamps where herons once hunted are now drained and filled with houses. The bay where water lilies quietly floated is now a harbor for motor boats. In short, everything that the boy loved no longer exists—except in the man’s memory of it.Those who truly treasure the past will not bemoan the passing of the good old days, because days enshrined in memory are never lost. Death itself is powerless to still a remembered voice or erase a remembered smile. And for one boy who is now a man, there is a pond which neither time nor tide can change, where he can still spend a quiet hour in the sun.【参考译文】“我虽然不富甲天下，但拥有无数个艳阳天和夏日。

研究生英语考试大纲
研究生英语考试大纲主要包括以下内容：
1. 语言知识：考生应掌握5500个左右的英语单词及相关词组，同时能够熟练运用基本的英语语法结构和规则。

2. 阅读理解：能够读懂英语文章，理解主旨、细节和推理，能够进行快速阅读和信息筛选。

3. 翻译与写作：能够将英文资料进行准确的翻译，并能够写出流畅、结构清晰、语法准确的英文文章。

考试大纲中并没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，而是鼓励考生通过听、说、读、写的实践来更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

以上信息仅供参考，具体考试大纲内容应以官方发布的信息为准。

苏州大学研究生课程教学大纲课程编号：开课学期：一年级下学期（春季）课程中文名称：现代化研究课程英文名称： Studiey on the Modernization 课程性质：学位基础课学分：3总学时：54开课单位：历史学系授课教师：单强面向对象：历史学各专业硕士研究生预备知识：中国古代史、中国近现代史、世界近现代史课程学习目的与要求：掌握现代化的理论与方法，重新认识中国现代化的历史进程，全面把握中国现代化在世界历史发展进程中的地位与作用。

课程简介：《现代化研究》（Modernization Studies）课程为苏州大学社会学院开设，面向全院历史学专业研究生的学位课。

教学主要目的是希望苏州大学历史学的研究生们在各自专业做专精探讨的同时，通过本课程的学习和研究，开阔学术视野，主要用比较研究和跨学科研究的方法，深入了解有关世界现代化历程和中国现代化的重大问题，从而有助于敏锐把握本学科理论前沿，提高理论水平和科研能力。

本课程每年春季学期开设，拟邀请文学、社会学、哲学、法学、管理学、经济学、医学、工学等各学科8位院外专家进行专题演讲。

本课程计划安排同学到苏州工业园区世界500强公司参观调研，增加对当代中国现代化建设的感性认识。

主要内容与学时安排：第一讲现代化理论概述（6学时）一、经典现代化理论二、后现代化理论三、第二次现代化理论四、马克思的现代化理论五、现代化研究资料概述讨论1：全球经济危机是现代化的必然吗？小组作业1：评述一个现代化理论流派（基本观点、优点、缺陷）第二讲现代化的全球视野（1500-2000）（6学时）一、欧洲内源型现代化二、亚洲外源型现代化三、非洲前现代化讨论2：葡萄牙、西班牙为何成为最早崛起的大国？第三讲全球化与当代资本主义的结构性矛盾一、全球化理论批判二、全球化的经济和社会后果三、全球化与美国经济四、中国的经济对策五、当代资本主义的基本矛盾讨论3：巴以冲突的实质是什么？第四讲中国现代化的启动（1840-1950）（6学时）一、中国现代化的分析框架二、中国现代思想观念的启蒙三、中国现代化的挫折讲座1：洋务运动与中国现代化的启动（孙海泉，历史学博士）讨论4：假如鸦片战争中国胜利了，能够走向现代化吗？第五讲中国现代化的发展（1950-2000）（6学时）一、师夷长技与效法欧美（1840-1919）二、对西方资本主义现代化的否定（1919-1949）三、中国式现代化道路的探索（1979-）讨论5：60年（1949——2009）现代化的成败得失第六讲现代领导人与制度变革（6学时）一、孙中山与三民主义三、蒋介石与新生活运动四、毛泽东与中华人民共和国五、邓小平与中国特色的社会主义讨论6：现代化过程中的个人与制度第七讲工业化与现代化（6学时）一、技术革命与工业化二、农业现代化：生态农业与产业化三、现代企业制度的确立四、农村工业化：苏南模式参观1：AMD、威望科技、IVT第八讲城镇化与现代化（6学时）一、城市化的动力和目标二、中国城镇发展现状三、小城镇发展战略四、城镇化的发展趋势讲座3：后现代建筑艺术（张应鹏博士九城都市设计董事长）讨论7：苏州城市形态的演化与布局第九讲现代教育事业的发展（3学时）一、现代教育事业的产生二、从英才教育到大众教育三、从应试教育到素质教育讨论8：中国大学精神的缺失？讲座4：中、德、美高等教育的比较研究（许庆豫博士教育学院副院长）小组作业2：文科研究生就业意向问卷调查第十讲中国现代化的展望（2000-2050）（6学时）一、三个阶段理论与中国现代化的难题二、科学发展观与现代化三、和谐社会建设与现代化讨论9：“和平崛起”需要什么样的条件？考试形式：模拟学术研讨会、学期论文教材：罗荣渠：《现代化新论》，北京大学出版社1997年版。

苏州大学在职人员攻读硕士学位英语课程（非英语专业）考试大纲（试行稿）（附样题）苏州大学在职人员攻读硕士学位英语课程（非英语专业）考试大纲根据苏州大学在职人员攻读硕士学位培养目标制定。

本大纲规定了在职人员攻读硕士学位英语课程（非英语专业）全校统一考试的内容、形式、时间和计分。

考试的主要内容以苏州大学研究生处组织编写的《研究生英语读写教程》教材为主。

考试目的在于考核已修完在职人员攻读硕士学位英语课程的学生是否达到各项规定的教学要求，以及实际掌握和运用英语的能力。

本考试共五个部分：阅读理解(占30%)、词汇(占15%)、选单词并以恰当的形式填空(占15%)、翻译(占30%)、写作(占10%)。

全部题目按顺序统一编号。

第一部分阅读理解（Part II Reading Comprehension 30%）这部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。

主要测试下述能力：1. 掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节；2. 对所读材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理；3. 理解某些词和句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系；4. 领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度。

阅读材料的选择原则：1. 题材广泛，可以包括社会、文化、科普常识、史地、日常生活知识、人物传记等。

所涉及的背景知识应能为考生所了解。

2. 体裁多样，可以包括叙事，议论、描述、说明、应用文等。

3. 文章应有一定的难度。

考试共20题，时间为40分钟。

测试要求考生阅读4篇文章。

其中前两篇难度中等，后两篇难度较高，每篇材料后有5个问题。

考生应根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

此部分总阅读量（不包括题目及选择项）为1200-1400 词。

第二部分词汇选择（Part I Vocabulary 15%）:主要测试考生对单词在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。

测试内容涉及句型、结构，词汇、短语和搭配等。

共30题。

考试时间为30分钟。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试大纲I 考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语（二外）》考试是为我校招收日语语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的第二外国语（英语）技能，是否具有入学后继续深入学习英语（二外）的语言基础。

该考试是测量考生的英语综合应用能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译、词汇和句法运用能力。

具体来说，要求考生：1、应掌握一定量的英语词汇（参见《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲》附录的分级词汇表）；2、掌握英语语法知识（非谓语动词、时态、语态等）；3、具有较强的阅读理解能力，能够读懂一般性题材的英语报刊文章和其他英语材料；能阅读题材较为熟悉的学术文章；4、具有一定的英译汉能力；5、能用英语写150-200字左右的短文。

II 考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为100分，考试时间180分钟。

二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

无听力试题，考试过程中不允许携带字典。

三、试卷内容与题型结构1. Vocabulary 20题，每题1分，共20分2. Grammar 10题，每题1分，共10分3. Reading Comprehension 20题，每题2分，共40分4. Writing 1题，共15分5. Translation 1题，共15分III 考查内容1. 英语词汇知识2. 英语句法运用3. 英语阅读理解能力4. 英译汉翻译能力5. 英语写作能力6. 逻辑思考能力English as a Second Foreign Language Examination forGraduate CandidatesPart I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.1. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and_______your text more easily.A. registerB. editC. proposeD. discharge2. We don’t know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______colors.A. lowB. humbleC. mildD. dull3. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month.A. come downB. come upC. come outD. come about4. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding andmistrust were removed.A. tensionB. strainC. stressD. intensity5. The other day, Mum and I went to St. James’s Hospital , and they did lots and lots of tests onme, most of them _____ and frightening.A. cheerfulB. horribleC. hostileD. friendly6. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great_____.A. fareB. paymentC. worthD. expense7. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.A. absorbedB. abandonedC. focusedD. centered8. Actually, information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich.A. linkB. breakC. allyD. bridge9. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed.A. ignoreB. leaveC. refuseD. miss10. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at acrime ______.A. stageB. sceneC. locationD. occasion11. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ aculture.A. retainB. relateC. remarkD. review12. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply and demand, but it is noeasy taskA. equationB. formulaC. balanceD. pattern13. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to theirconsumption.A. varyB. shiftC. layD. moderate14. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and _____ and all previouslyneglected matters were taken care of.A. convictionB. contestC. consentD. content15. I know you’ve got a smooth tongue , so don’t talk me ______ buying it.A. awayB. downC. outD. into16. Showing some sense of humor can be a (n) _______ way to deal with some stressfulsituationA. effectiveB. efficientC. favorableD. favorite17. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen.A. inclinesB. maintainsC. soundsD. remains18. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products.A. pull downB. put downC. set downD. bring down19. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victimsA. rewardedB. awardedC. creditedD. prized20. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they respected nature as a providerof life.A. coordinationB. acquaintanceC. contactD. harmonyPart II Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21. There is little doubt that ______ (attend) college has the potential of exposing young people tonew ideas and relationships and helps promote their critical thinking skills.22. The US Department of Education estimates that only 62 percent of those enrolled in four-yearinstitutions had _____ (earn) a bachelor’s degree six years later.23. Do not be intimidated by people who think they are smarter than you, and don’t back off when_____ (face) competition; inner confidence is important.24. In order to persuade his daughter to put off the marriage, the father quoted statistics _____(show) mixed-face couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.25. The controversy in his article about women’s role in modern society _____ (be) that being ahousewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation.26. When he _____ (give) a talk, the topic is usually specified in advance, so you are able toexpect what to follow without any difficulties.27. When the police caught up with him, Mr. Foster had to confess that he _____ (break) the speedlimit.28. When she heard of her failure in the experiment, her eyes were filled with tears; whether it wasof shame, frustration, or grief was difficult ____ (tell).29. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are ____ (aim) atmaking her fall in love with him.30. Having been expelled from public school for drinking and smoking and then ____ (fail) inshow business as a singer, she joined her father’s bushiness 10 years ago.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For t he first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.31. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because__________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility32. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A) They nee dn’t worry about the food and water they consume.B) They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C) They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D) They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.33. Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.34. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.35. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects—but these remain the exception, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,” she says. “It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.36. What do many researchers generally accept?A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.B) Repositories are essential to scientific research.C) Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D) Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.37. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A) Opposed.B) Ambiguous.C) Liberal.D) Neutral.38. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A) The fear of massive copying.B) The lack of a research culture.C) The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D) The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.39. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A) The ever-growing demand for big data.B) The advancement of digital technology.C) The changing attitude of journals and funders.D) The trend of social and economic development.40. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A) is becoming increasingly popularB) benefits sharers and users alikeC) makes researchers successfulD) saves both money and laborPassage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money off other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan and India. But doesn't the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, say economic researcher Sara Johnson. "Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴) for theirconsumers.But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can't afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they're getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.41. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B. Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C. The impact of chape oil on global economic growth.D. The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.42. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A. Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B. Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C. Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D. Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.43. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A. They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B. They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C. They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D. They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.44. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A. It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B. Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C. It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D. Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.45. Why haven't falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A. People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B. The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C. Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D. People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Passage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), an d have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was produc tive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level,” which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.46. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.47. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.48. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.49. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.50. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bi as in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in reaserach work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the saying “The question mark is the key to any science.” You r essay should emphasize the importance of asking right questions in the pursuit of science. Please write at least 200 words but no more than 250 words.Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century, direct contacts with dissimilar others in our neighborhoods, schools, and workplace are an inescapable part of life. Each intercultural contact can bring about identity dissonance or stress because of attributes such as an unfamiliar accent, way of speaking, way of doing things, and way of nonverbal expression. In a global workplace, people bring with them different work habits and cultural practices. For example, cultural strangers may appear to approach teamwork and problem-solving tasks differently. They may appear to have a sense of different time, and they may appear to have different spatial needs. They also may look and move differently.Key Part I Vocabulary (20 points)1-5 BDCAB6-10 CADAB11-15 ACBDD16-20 ACDBDPart II Grammar (10 points)21. attending22. earned23. facing24. showing25. is26. gives27. had broken28. to tell29. aimed30. failingPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points) 31-35 ACCBD36-40 DACCB41-45 CDCBA46-50 CCBDAPart IV Writing (15 points)Omitted.Part V Translation (15 points)Omitted.11。

苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则第一章总则第一条根据《中华人民共和国学位条例》、《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》及国务院学位委员会、江苏省学位委员会的有关规定，结合我校实际情况，特制定本工作细则。

第二条本校授予硕士、博士两级学位，按国务院学位委员会和江苏省学位委员会批准我校有权授予学位的学科门类、专业学位类别授予。

第三条凡拥护中国共产党的领导，拥护社会主义制度，遵纪守法，品行端正，具有一定学术水平者，均可按本细则的有关规定，申请相应的学位，但不得同时向两个学位授予单位提出申请。

第二章申请学位的基本要求第四条申请硕士学位的基本要求攻读硕士学位人员(含硕士研究生、硕士专业学位研究生、高等学校教师在职攻读硕士学位人员以及同等学力申请硕士学位人员，下同)，通过硕士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，达到下述要求者，可授予硕士学位：一、掌握马克思主义的基本理论；二、在本门学科上掌握坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识；三、具有从事科学研究工作或独立担负专门技术工作的能力；四、能比较熟练地运用一种外国语阅读本专业的外文资料。

第五条申请博士学位的基本要求攻读博士学位人员（含博士研究生、博士专业学位研究生，下同），通过博士学位的课程考试和论文答辩，成绩合格，达到下述要求者，可授予博士学位：一、较好地掌握马克思主义的基本理论；二、在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识；三、具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力；四、在科学或专门技术上做出创造性的成果；五、能熟练地运用第一外国语阅读本专业的外文资料，具有一定的写作能力；并具有运用第二外国语阅读本专业外文资料的初步能力。

第三章学位课程的要求第六条学位课程的设置一、马克思主义理论课；二、基础理论课和专业课；三、外国语。

第七条学位课程的考试方式与要求一、硕士、博士学位课程的学习与考试，可按本细则第二章申请学位的基本要求，结合培养计划安排进行。

考试采用笔试、学年论文、读书报告、口试等方式。

苏州大学硕士学位研究生培养方案一、培养目标培养面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来，在国民经济建设、科学技术发展和社会进步中发展积极作用的具有创新精神的复合型的科学研究人才、工程技术人才、高级管理人才和高等学校师资。

具体要求如下：1、努力学习马列主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论，成为有道德、有理想、有文化、有纪律的年轻一代；能够运用马克思主义的观点和方法分析问题、解决问题；拥护党的基本路线、方针和政策；热爱祖国，遵纪守法，品行端正，具有良好的职业道德，积极为我国的社会主义建设服务。

2、掌握本门学科的坚实的理论基础和系统的专业知识和必要的实践技能；具有从事科学研究、教学工作或独立担负专门技术工作的能力；了解本门学科的发展现状和动向，具有实事求是、严谨的科学作风。

3、熟练掌握一门外国语，能熟练地进行专业书刊的阅读，并能撰写论文摘要。

4、具有健康的体能。

二、学习年限硕士研究生的学习年限一般为三年。

在职硕士生的学习年限不超过五年。

优秀硕士生提前完成课程学习和学位论文者，可申请提前答辩和提前毕业；正常情况下不能按时毕业者作结业处理；如遇特殊情况，由硕士生本人提出申请，经导师同意、院长审核、研究生部批准，可延长学制一年。

三、培养方式1、培养方式实行导师负责和教研室（研究室(所)）集体培养相结合。

指导教师应教书育人，引导他们走德、智、体全面发展的道路，硕士生要虚心学习，积极进取，尊敬师长，教学相长。

2、对硕士生的培养应贯彻课程和论文并重的原则，硕士生既要学习系统理论，也要进行较深入的科学研究，特别是要加强研究生综合能力和素质的培养，包括创新能力、活动能力和适应能力的培养。

3、政治理论课教学与日常的思想教育、名家学者专题讲座相结合，结合我国改革开放和社会主义市场经济建设的实际，加强形势、政策、法纪、道德品质和爱国主义教育。

4、对硕士生要进行中期考核。

中期考核包括业务课、综合考试和思想政治表现、科研能力、能否进行开题报告等，中期考核作为进入论文阶段的先决条件，选优汰劣。

附件：苏州大学2020年第二学士学位招生考试大纲一、《数学基础》考试大纲能力要求：苏州大学《高等数学》和《线性代数》课堂教学相关能力要求，具体详见大纲要求，主要分为微积分和线性代数两个部分。

考试题型：选择题形式。

考试时长：90分钟。

比例分配：I．微积分约占60%，II．线性代数约占40%.I．微积分1．函数、极限、连续函数的概念、函数的有界性、单调性、奇偶性和周期性，反函数、复合函数、基本初等函数及其图形。

数列极限与函数极限的概念，函数的左、右极限，无穷小与无穷大的概念，无穷小与函数极限的关系，极限的四则运算，两个重要极限。

函数连续的定义，间断点及其类型，初等函数的连续性，闭区间上连续函数的性质。

2．一元函数微分学导数的定义及其几何意义，可导性与连续性之间的关系，导数的四则运算，复合函数导数，基本初等函数的导数公式，高阶导数，隐函数的导数，微分的概念及计算。

罗尔定理，拉格朗日中值定理及其应用，用洛必达法则求极限，函数的增减性与曲线的凹向和拐点的判定法，函数的极值及其求法，最大值和最小值的应用问题。

3．一元函数积分学原函数与不定积分的概念，不定积分的性质，不定积分的基本公式，换元积分法，分部积分法。

定积分的概念及其性质，变上限函数及其求导，牛顿—莱布尼兹公式，定积分的换元积分法和分部积分法. 无穷区间和无界函数广义积分的概念与计算。

4．多元函数微积分学多元函数的概念，二元函数的图形，二元函数的极限与连续性。

偏导数的概念，多元复合函数的求导，隐函数的求导，高阶偏导数的计算，全微分的概念及计算，多元函数极值的概念及其必要条件，二元函数极值的判别定理，条件极值与拉格朗日乘数法。

二重积分的概念、二重积分在直角坐标系下的计算方法和在极坐标系下的计算方法。

5．常微分方程常微分方程的定义、阶、解、通解、初始条件、特解。

变量可分离方程的解法，齐次方程的解法，一阶线性方程的解法。

II．线性代数1．行列式n阶行列式的定义及其性质，克莱姆法则。

苏州大学考研2024学科英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,__1__some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2__in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3__others,can make you feel lonely and__4__.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and__5__a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are__7__on the social conversations that happen in the office. Other life changes also__8__periods of loneliness too,such as retirement, changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to__9__a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming__10__.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able tomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to__12__a new sport forthefirst time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13__ideas.On the other hand,it is__14__possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any__15__in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social__16__.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you__18__some time in your diary when youre__19__for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.because B.unless C.whereas D.until2.A.contrast B.balance C.link D.gap3.A.secing B.pleasing C.judging D.teaching4.A.misguided B.surprised C.spoiled D.disconnected5.A.contribute to B.rely on C.interfere with D.go against6.A.in fact B.of course C.for exampls D.on average7.A.cutting back B.missing out C.breaking in D.looking down8.A.shorten B.trigger C.follow D.interrupt9.A.assess B.interprel C.provids D.regain10.A.at first B.in turn C.on time D.by chance11.A.far-sighted B.strong-willed C.kind-hearted D.like-minded12.A.tny B.promote C.watch D.describe13.A.test B.share C.accept D.revise14.A.already B.thus C.also D.only15.A.visit B.order C.space D.boundary16.A.atigue B.criticism C.injustice D.dilemma17.A.sources B.standards C.signs D.scores18.A.take over B.wipe off C.add up D.mark out19.A.ungratefu B.unavailsblg C.responsiblk D.regretful20.A.react B.repeat C.retun D.restSection II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points) Text1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress. "Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction,says Coyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformativetechnologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes, "she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold backthe sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers, for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout, like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should____________A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph2,digital technologies should be used to____________.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned to____________A.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest____________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph1that UK need to____________.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives____________.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of____________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodC.petition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop-driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M. Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality"she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85or older,according to one study. Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have100-year lives,we need cars thata90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the roadA.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice____________.A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to____________.A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie inA.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversSection III Translation36.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats, farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce…-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season, depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.Section IV Writing37.Directions:Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient town.Write himan email to1)put forward your plan,and2)ask for opinion.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e"Li Ming"instead.Do not write your address.(10points)。

xx大学法律硕士专业研究生培养方案（030180）学科、专业简介xx大学法学院法律硕士专业设置于xx年，是经国务院学位办批准的、以招收非法律专业大学本科生的专业学位形式，也是国内较早招收法律硕士研究生的单位之一。

专业的设立，体现了法学教育是高起点教育的特点，以为社会输送复合型、应用型专门法律人才。

目前，法学院具有法律硕士研究生导师资格的正副教授共27名，其中并有杨海坤、周永坤、陈立虎等一批在国内外具有较大影响的知名学者。

该专业现已为社会培养研究生60余名，分布于法院、检察院、律师事务所及行政执法部门，就业形势良好。

一、培养目标法律硕士专业学位是以非法律专业背景从事法律学习和研究的特定专业学位形式，主要为实际部门培养德才兼备的、适应社会主义市场经济和民主、法治建设需要的高层次的复合型、应用型法律专业人才。

具体要求是：（一）掌握马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的基本原理和“三个代表”重要思想，拥护党的基本路线、方针、政策，自觉遵守和维护宪法和法律，具有良好的政治素质和法律职业道德。

（二）掌握较为坚实的法学理论基础知识和较宽广的法律实务知识，具备法律职业所要求的知识结构、思维特征和应用能力。

（三）能够综合运用法律和政治、经济、管理、社会、外语、计算机或其他相关专业知识，具有独立从事法律实务和管理工作的能力及应用研究能力，能达到有关部门中级以上（含中级）专业与管理职务相应的任职要求。

（四）较为熟练地掌握一门外语，能阅读和使用本专业外语资料。

（五）身心健康。

二、培养对象拥护中国共产党的领导，愿为社会主义现代化建设和社会主义法治事业服务，品德良好，遵纪守法，具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或具有本科同等学力）的非法律专业毕业生。

三、学制及学习年限采用全日制和非全日制两种学习方式。

全日制的学习年限为二至三年；非全日制的学习年限不超过四年。

四、学分要求及培养方式（一）采用学分制：必修课为45学分，学生自选选修课不得低于8学分。

2014年翻译硕士视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！北大、人大、北外、北师、首师大老师领衔辅导！2013年包揽北大、贸大、苏大、川外、北外、南大、西外翻译硕士考研状元！vegetable basket programm”菜篮子工程vehicle acquisition tax车辆购置税vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax (for FIEs)车辆使用牌照税vehicle and vessel usage tax车船使用税vehicle emissions车辆废气排放venture capital markets风险资本市场vessel tonnage tax船舶吨税vested interests既得利益★★★★★vested interests特权阶级；一有变动就可能丧失的利益★★★★vesting period等候行使期★vicious circle恶性循环village collectives村集体village committee村委会★village Communist Party Secretary (cun zhi shu)村支书violating effluent standards违反排污标准violator违犯者virtual private networks (VPN)虚拟专用网virtuous circle ★★★★★vis-à-vis与...面对面，与...相比vocational and technical training 职业技术教育vocational training outlay职业培训费voidable contracts可撤消合同volatile多变voluntary compliance自愿服从voluntary deposits自愿储蓄★★★★★Volunteers of Green Garden绿家园志愿者voting rights投票权voucher form bond凭单形式债券voucher凭证★VPN Virtual Private Networks虚拟私人/专用网络wage earner工薪阶层★★★★★wage premium工资溢价wage rates工资水平★wage subsidies工资补助★★waste reuse废物再利用waste-discharge standards排污标准water basin水域★water pollution abatement projects水污染控制项目water purification水源净化water tariffs水费★★★★★water utilities水厂watershed management流域管理weak governability 治理能力薄弱weak sanctions制裁无力weighted average cost of capital(WACC)加权平均资本成本Weighted average index加权平均指数★welfare schemes福利计划★welfare spending福利开支★★wellhead price坑口价,在井口付款的天然气和石油价格-Well-off (society)小康（社会）well-off family; comfortably-off familywell-trained and committed staff训练有素尽职尽责的职工2014年育明教育推荐翻译硕士参考书说明：除了各个高校自己指定的参考书，以下参考书是实践中证明非常棒的参考书。

苏大自考英语二-回复-回复苏大自考英语二是指苏州大学自考部所设立的英语二科目，是自考英语考试中的一门科目。

本文将以“苏大自考英语二”的主题为切入点，逐步回答相关问题。

让我们一起来了解吧。

苏大自考英语二是什么？苏大自考英语二是苏州大学自考部设立的一门英语考试科目。

它是自考英语考试的第二门内容，在自考英语学习中具有重要的地位。

通过参加苏大自考英语二的考试，考生可以提高自身的英语综合能力，并获取相关证书。

苏大自考英语二的考试内容有哪些？苏大自考英语二的考试内容主要包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个部分。

其中，听力部分要求考生听取录音材料，根据听到的内容进行选择题或填空题的答题。

阅读部分要求考生阅读指定的文章，并完成相应的选择题或填空题。

写作部分要求考生根据提示完成一篇短文写作。

翻译部分要求考生将所给的一篇中文短文翻译成英文。

如何备考苏大自考英语二？备考苏大自考英语二，首先要了解考试大纲和教材，明确各个部分的考试要求和学习内容。

其次，制定合理的备考计划，合理分配时间，指定重点和难点进行针对性复习。

在复习过程中，多进行听力和阅读训练，提高理解能力和语感。

同时，积累写作和翻译的词汇和句型，进行模拟题和真题的练习。

最后，加强口语练习，提高口语表达能力。

苏大自考英语二的考试难度如何？苏大自考英语二的考试难度适中。

考生在备考过程中，要提前了解每个部分的考试形式和题型，针对性地进行备考。

对于听力和阅读部分，考生需要加强对于各种场景和话题的听力和阅读训练，熟悉常用的词汇和表达方式。

对于写作和翻译部分，考生需要积累词汇和句型，多进行模拟题和真题的练习，提高自己的写作和翻译水平。

通过有针对性的备考，考生一般能够顺利应对考试。

如何应对苏大自考英语二的考试？考生在应对苏大自考英语二的考试时，首先要保持良好的心态，有信心地应对考试。

其次，考生要熟悉考试的规则和要求，按照考试时间进行答题，注意时间分配。

在听力考试时，要注意听力材料的变速和重点，准确答题。