考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(10)

2010年考研英语真题及答案真题部分：Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Is Feeling the Real Skill?A fundamental difference between our brain and a computer is the size of our working memory. Working memory holds the 1_______ (1) we need to think and make sense of the world. A bit like the whiteboard we have2_______ (2) school, it's where we do our mental 3_______ (3). But crucially, our working memory has a severely limited capacity: it can hold only four items at 4_______ (4). By contrast, the long-term memory at our fingertips via Google is 5_______ (5).The notion that 6_______ (6) it is to "download information" nowadays ruins the cerebral fun. After 7_______ (7) we have four items in our working memory or fewer, the space is 8_______ (8) for daydreams, fantasies and emotion. An obsession with 9_______ (9) multitudes of facts and figures challenges our brain's ability to learn, as well as how much it can deal 10_______ (10) partly because it's usually uninteresting despite the onslaught 11_______ (11) compelling facts.In addition, 12_______ (12) heavy reliance on technology is forcing radical changes to a century-old system of 13_______ (13) that may notwork properly. We will need to teach people differently if heavy use of Google is 14_______ (14) our mental approach. A good lesson for education is to ensure learners are curious and engaged and to 15_______ (15) the chance for them to find answers.0. A. notion B. information C. imagination D. fiction1. A. aspect B. measure C. truth D. thought2. A. left on B. bought from C. written on D. brought up3. A. show B. work C. process D. effect4. A. once B. yet C. even D. instead5. A. bare B. limited C. vast D. everlasting6. A. easy B. common C. difficult D. ironic7. A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion D. occasions8. A. left B. driven C. taken D. given9. A. learning B. memorizing C. forgetting D. sharing10. A. of B. into C. with D. for11. A. at B. on C. of D. for12. A. this B. that C. a D. an13. A. marking B. studying C. examination D. assessment14. A. to change B. changing C. to have changed D. to be changing15. A. limit B. take C. keep D. set参考答案：0. A 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A5. C6. C7. D8. A9. B10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B15. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1There are two classic neurological accounts of how you recognize your home. One says you look for a particular place surrounded by a globally unique set of buildings in an overall configuraTION that is familiar. The other says you come in by one of the roads that lead up to your front door. Each theory is about equally correct, which necessarily means each is about equally wrong—for reasons we shall come to.Then after you park—it’s only now that you feel you have really come home. You open the front door. And you step in. There is no flash of lightning, no sudden, overpowering sensation that says “this is home, I definitely know that…”—in fact, the sensation is so weak and unremarkablethat it would not even pass most psychologists’ test for “awareNESS”. Your sense of you and your sense of home come together in the end, we suggest, only by good organization of the interaction of several different areas of the brain.The particular way the familiar street geometry fits together around your home may indeed form a key part of the representation of home place in your brain. But surely this information reaches your brain only after the composition and layout of the buildings have been spatially coded by the areas that subserve perception of shape, tracings and layout? Then again, how could you, even in principle, perceive the streets around your home layout and location, without the functioning of your long-term memory and your personality-mood-system?And in what format does this memory of place exist? It obviously includes the ability to recognize and recall particular street sequences, but does it also include the ability to monitor your speed and keep track of how far you have moved through the world?What, for example, is the home place in the reference frame of the dynamic optic flow that you see as you walk or drive on the streets around your house? It would surely be an absurd proposition to suggest that the mathematical model of the optic flow should be used to retain and recall your memory of place?Our point, then, is that we expect both theories of landmark recognition to be correct and at the same time not to be correct. Home is a bit like pornography: a marriage of Flemish property porn, soft pornography ofbuildings and space, of streets as well as buildings, and some hardporn that comes in from the optic flow of moving around.16. The author argues that both neurological accounts of recognition of home are equally wrong because _______.A. their approaches are globally uniqueB. they are based on the same kind of reasoningC. all psychologists agree that they are unreliableD. each only focuses on one piece of the puzzle17. The author suggests that the sense of being at home is not immediately recognizable because _______.A. it is not a true awarenessB. people have difficulty organizing their interactionsC. it involves the activation of several brain areasD. it is not supported by psychologists' tests18. According to the text, how do people recognize the familiar geometry of the streets around their home?A. By perceiving their relationship to the house firstB. By tracking their speed as they move along the streetsC. By recalling the layout of the buildings in the areaD. By monitoring their long-term memory and mood19. The author suggests that the memory of place is not limited to recalling street sequences but also involves _______.A. recognition of the optic flowB. frequent monitoring of locationC. understanding of mathematical modelsD. perception of shape and layout20. The final sentence of the text suggests that the memory of home consists of _______.A. a collection of buildings and streetsB. a mixture of visual and emotional experiencesC. a series of mathematical and spatial equationsD. a combination of different neurological approaches参考答案：16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. BPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The Coming Golden AgeEconomic forecasting is a mug's game．But if the next ten years are like the 1990s or the 1950s，even the most cautious fund manager will need to position themselves furiously for the coming golden age.Between 1948-73 the world economy grew at an underlying rate of 4% a year；trade grew at twice that rate．The sheer amounts of people being conned into borrowing huge amounts of money set the scene for a financial crisis．But the reaction to the recession has set the stage for the coming boom．The acceleration of globalization over the past 18 months strongly suggests that the persistent trends of the past 30 years will carry on．Oil and commodities aside，the prices of goods have been falling ever since Richard Nixon ended the gold standard in 1971．The Internet boom of the late 1990s helped damp down inflation still further．We are thus in a world economy where the 7 billionth consumer is about to join our club in China．And the 8 billionth consumer is 30-40 years away，in Africa．China and India have absorbed at least 300 million people intothe market–oriented economy over the past 20 years．China and India are going to surprise on the upside，for years．Efficiency gains and per capita income growth in these two countries will emerge as the two big drivers of the world economy．So why do investors think high productivity and low inflation are bad news for shares? We think the productive use of facilities and labourtranslates into high profits．If 4% trend growth is back，say hello to profit margins around the world at least 20% higher in the next decade than in the previous one．The coming golden age is going to be very good indeed for profits．21．However A．The accelerating trend of globalization22．Furthermore B．Per capita income in Asian emerging markets 23．Meanwhile C．The current low inflation environment24．Moreover D．Efficiency gains in the global economy25．Thus E．The rising affluence of consumers in emerging markets参考答案：21. D 22. B 23. E 24. A 25. CSection III TranslationPart ADirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The presence of carefully selected plants inside malls, workplaces, and other buildings where people spend a lot of time can help create healthier, more pleasant environments. This is not just an aesthetic judgment; the effect has been proven in numerous studies. For example, in a Seattle office building, workers with a view of trees took fewer sick days and made fewer errors in their work than those without such a view. Other studies in hospitals and workplaces have found plants have similar effects, including enabling people to recover more quickly from surgery, improve concentration, and reduce stress.参考答案：商场、工作场所和其他人们长时间待在的建筑物内安置精心选取的植物可以帮助营造更健康、更愉悦的环境。

考研英语试题含解答共10题阅读理解Passage 1:Many people believe that money is the key to happiness. However, research has shown that this is not necessarily true. While money can provide a certain level of comfort and security, it does not guarantee happiness. In fact, studies have found that once a person's basic needs are met, additional wealth does not lead to a significant increase in happiness. Other factors, such as relationships, personal fulfillment, and a sense of purpose, play a much larger role in determining one's overall happiness.Question 1: What does research suggest about the relationship between money and happiness?A) Money is the most important factor for happiness.B) Money guarantees happiness in all situations.C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.D) Relationships and personal fulfillment are unrelated to happiness.Answer: C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.解析：文章讲述了关于金钱和幸福之间关系的研究。

Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enj oy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by __________.[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout. [D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryOver the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon com received one for its “one-click” online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,”says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pints to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual o rder stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in t he wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court” says Harol d C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of __________.[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means __________.[A] loss of good will [B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disunity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents __________.[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsIn his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”：Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”— the widespread propagation of influence through networks — is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to __________.[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory” __________.[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________.[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________.[A] stay outside the network of social influence [B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted [B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced [D] The inclination to rely on othersBankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group poli tely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but“in the real wor l d” and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they Largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be kn own for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________.[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________.[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the bank’s long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s att empt to __________.[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in rule-setting[D] take gradual measures in reform39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they __________.[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of __________.[A] satisfaction [B] skepticism [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。

(10 points）。

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone—parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago。

It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting____1____ workers’productivity。

Instead, the studies ended ____2____ giving their name to the ”Hawthorne effect"，the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior。

The idea arose because of the ____4____ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to ____5____ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased，but also when it was dimmed。

考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。

下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。

一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。

As a general guide, then, read the following items:
The Title. The title often announces the subject of the material and provides clues about the author’s approach or attitude toward the subject.
Hale Waihona Puke 3. In an experiment described as flabbergasting, scientists shone a bright light on the backs of human knees and, in some mysterious way, reset the biological master clock in the human brain. Those treated with the light had their body clocks advanced or delayed by up to three hours, enough to overcome the fatigue associated with familiar forms of jet lag or insomnia. The finding, which is described in the most recent issue of the journal Science, is so surprising that many experts are withholding judgment until the experiment is duplicated later this year. But those who heard the study was carried out by Dr. Scott Campbell and Dr. Patricia Murphy, both at the Laboratory of Human Chronobiology at Cornell University.

2010年考研英语真题及答案一、考研英语真题（阅读理解部分）1.Passage 1文章摘自《纽约时报》(The New York Times)，讲述了人们对于沙特阿拉伯的德里布(Dariba)地区商业开发的反对声浪。

作者主要介绍了沙特人对这个开发计划的局部有效性提出了质疑。

答案：D解析：根据文章内容可以推断出，该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题以及对年轻人带来激励方面并不有效。

所以答案为D。

2.Passage 2文章介绍了爬行动物的生态类型和生存对策。

通过对几种不同爬行动物的研究和观察，作者总结了它们对环境的适应能力和繁衍生息策略。

答案：C解析：根据文章内容可以得出，某些种类的爬行动物具有在生境发生变化时进行数量调整的能力。

所以答案为C。

3.Passage 3文章介绍了一种新的种植模式，旨在减少对水资源的需求以及提高产量。

作者通过对这种种植模式的实验研究，发现它可以在干旱地区获得较高的产量。

答案：B解析：根据文章内容可以得出，这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。

所以答案为B。

二、答案解析1.Passage 1题目要求解释为什么该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题方面并不有效。

文章中提到该开发项目只提供了少量工作岗位，远远不够满足就业需求。

所以答案为D。

2.Passage 2题目要求解释某些爬行动物的数量调整能力。

通过文章可以看出，某些爬行动物能够根据其所处环境的变化来调整自身的数量，以适应变化的生境条件。

所以答案为C。

3.Passage 3题目要求解释这种新的种植模式在干旱地区获得高产量的原因。

文章中解释了这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。

所以答案为B。

三、总结本篇文章简要介绍了2010年考研英语阅读理解部分的三篇真题及其答案解析。

通过阅读这些真题及答案解析，可以帮助考生了解考研英语阅读理解题型和解题思路，提高解题能力。

考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。

There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。

考研英语10真题答案考研英语10真题答案的整理需要依据具体的年份和考试内容来进行。

由于考研英语真题每年都会有变化，并且包含多个部分，如阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等，以下是一个概括性的示例答案，具体内容需要根据实际的考试真题来确定。

考研英语真题答案示例一、阅读理解1. 根据文章内容，第一段提到了...，因此选项A是正确的。

2. 第二段中，作者通过...的例子来说明...，所以选项B与文章主旨相符。

3. 第三段指出了...，这与选项C的描述一致，因此选择C。

4. 文章最后一段强调了...，与选项D的观点相吻合，故选D。

二、完形填空1. 根据上下文的逻辑关系，这里应该选择一个表示转折的词，因此正确答案是however。

2. 文章中提到了...，所以这里需要一个表示原因的词，正确答案是because。

3. 根据句子结构，这里缺少一个动词，根据上下文，正确答案是develop。

4. 文章描述了一个过程，这里需要一个表示时间顺序的词，正确答案是then。

三、翻译1. 中文原文：“随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越便捷。

”英文翻译："With the advancement of technology, people's lives are becoming more and more convenient."2. 中文原文：“环境污染问题引起了全球的关注。

”英文翻译："Environmental pollution has attracted global attention."四、写作题目：请就“网络教育与传统教育的优劣”写一篇不少于200字的短文。

网络教育与传统教育各有其优势和劣势。

网络教育提供了灵活性和便捷性，允许学生根据自己的时间表进行学习，同时也能够接触到更广泛的资源和知识。

然而，它可能缺乏面对面交流和实践操作的机会。

相比之下，传统教育提供了一个结构化的学习环境，学生可以直接与教师和同学互动，但可能在时间和地点上不够灵活。

考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 作者支持全球化。

B. 作者认为全球化对环境有害。

C. 作者认为全球化对经济有益。

D. 作者反对全球化。

答案：C2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济增长不牺牲环境。

B. 经济增长以牺牲环境为代价。

C. 只关注经济增长，不考虑其他因素。

D. 只关注环境保护，不考虑经济增长。

答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 发展中国家需要全球化来促进经济增长。

B. 发达国家在全球化中扮演着重要角色。

C. 作者认为全球化是不可逆的趋势。

D. 作者认为全球化是有害的。

答案：D4. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”是什么意思？A. 一种以牺牲环境为代价的经济模式。

B. 一种注重环境保护的经济模式。

C. 一种只关注经济发展的经济模式。

D. 一种不关心经济和环境的经济模式。

答案：B5. 文章中提到的“碳足迹”是指什么？A. 个人或组织对环境的污染程度。

B. 个人或组织对经济的贡献。

C. 个人或组织的社会影响力。

D. 个人或组织的政治影响力。

答案：A二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has become increasingly popular. A smart city is one that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. For example, a smart city might use sensors to monitortraffic flow and __6__ congestion.6. A. reduceB. increaseC. avoidD. ignore答案：A7. These sensors can also be used to monitor air quality and__7__ any potential health hazards.7. A. identifyB. createC. ignoreD. exaggerate答案：A8. In addition to improving transportation and environmental conditions, smart cities can also __8__ energy use.8. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. fluctuate答案：B9. By using smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, a smart city can __9__ a significant amount of energy.9. A. consumeB. conserveC. wasteD. transfer答案：B10. The ultimate goal of a smart city is to create a more__10__ and sustainable living environment for its citizens.10. A. comfortableB. expensiveC. inconvenientD. unsustainable答案：A三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction. 31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to [A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics [B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas [C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics [D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials. 32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory" [A] serves as a solution to marketing problems [B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends [C] has won support from influentials [D] requires solid evidence for its validity 33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that [A] the power of influence goes with social interactions [B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media [C] influentials have more channels to reach the public [D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention 34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who [A] stay outside the network of social influence [B] have little contact with the source of influence [C] are influenced and then influence others [D] are influenced by the initial influential 35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence? [A] The eagerness to be accepted [B] The impulse to influence others [C] The readiness to be influenced [D] The inclination to rely on others 2010年考研英语阅读真题4 Text 4 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses,and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch. Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management." European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. TheIASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions. 36. Bankers complained that they were forced to [A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties [C] cooperate with the price managers [D] reevaluate some of their assets. 37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in [A] the diminishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking system [C] the banks' long-term asset losses [D] the weakening of its independence 38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to [A] keep away from political influences. [B] evade the pressure from their peers. [C] act on their own in rule-setting. [D] take gradual measures in reform. 39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they [A] misinterpreted market price indicators [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets [C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts. [D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets. 40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of [A] satisfaction. [B] skepticism. [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy Part B Directions: For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) [A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative. [B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need. [C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number ofboth domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold. [D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too. [E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends. [F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate. [G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains. 41→42→43→44→E→45 2010年考研英语阅读真题答案解析 Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) Part A (40 points) 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D Part B (10 points) 41. B 42. F 43. D 44. G 45. A。

考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936.@On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices active euthanasia __1__ administering a lethal drug to a __2__ ill patient who has asked to be relieved __3__ suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn __4__ there is no hope that it can __5__ an ultimate cure. Active euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable __6__ 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who __7__ it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called mercy killing, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. __8__ more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily __9__ to practicing it, most often in the passive form of withholding or withdrawing__10__. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately __11__ into a sometimes fierce public debate, __12__ both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those __13__ to the practice see themselves __14__ sacred principles of respect for life, __15__ those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years __16__ the defensive, the advocates now seem to be __17__ ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British __18__ favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of __19__ to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to __20__ mercy killings. Obviously, pressure groups favoring euthanasia and assisted suicide have grown steadily in Europe over the years.Noteseuthanasia 安乐死lethal 致命的statute book 法典prosecute 起诉simmering 处于沸腾的状态mantle 重任，责任第1题A.incidentallyB.intentionallyC.intermittentlyD.intensely第2题A.terminallyB.finallyC.eventuallyD.ultimately第3题A.againstB.offC.ofD.out of第4题A.thoughB.whenC.thatD.since第5题A.effectB.affectC.resultD.execute第6题A.forB.inC.toD.by第7题A.worksB.savesC.carriesD.rescues第8题A.BecauseB.HenceC.AndD.But第9题A.admitB.allegeC.approveD.adopt第10题A.cureB.treatmentC.operationD.remedy第11题A.smoothed overB.boiled overC.broke downD.burst out第12题A.due toB.atC.forD.with第13题A.rejectedB.objectedC.respondedD.opposed第14题A.abandoningB.confirmingC.upholdingD.upgrading第15题A.whileB.whenC.asD.or第16题A.inB.forC.onD.against第17题A.supportingB.reinforcingC.maintainingD.gaining第18题A.patientsB.subjectsC.residentsD.physicians第19题A.officialsB.citizensC.respondentsD.interviewers第20题A.refuseB.evaluateC.decriminalizeD.counter下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes, emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. The burnt child fears the fire is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was directand impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired, little knowledge of Mexico his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom.., these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.Notespoint up (=emphasize)强调，突出touch upon 触及到creed 信条，教义inculcation 谆谆教诲cajoling 哄骗第21题Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the textA.An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.B.A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.C.A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.D.An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.第22题The central idea conveyed in the above text is thatA.attitudes affect our actions.B.teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils attitudes.C.attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences.D.by their attitudes, teachers dont affect pupils attitudes deliberately.第23题In paragraph 6 the author implies thatA.the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude.B.in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.C.people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion.D.childrens attitudes often come from those of other children.第24题A statement not made or implied in the text is thatA.attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements.B.worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area.C.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures.D.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.第25题The text specially states thatA.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones.B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home.C.teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children.D.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling—but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners.In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushes interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trustfund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of IndianTrust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.第26题Elouise Cobell criticized the Interior Departments BIA forA.its leasing land out for exploitation.B.its distribution of money collected.C.its supposed misconduct of abuses.D.its reaction to a massive action.第27题When mentioning the government accepts a figure of about 300,000, the writer is trying to illustrateA.lies and defraud to which American Indians are exposed.B.the strong confidence American Indians have in their government.C.doubts about government as shown in the opinion polls.D.the arrogance as displayed by government officials as a whole.第28题Which of the following is TRUE according the textA.Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B.American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice.C.Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.D.BIA reaped great rewards by deliberately destroying trust-fund records.第29题It seems that the write is very critical ofA.American Indians in a class-action.B.officials who are in charge of the suit.ernment agencies at all levels.D.those who have the land over-developed.第30题From the text, we can see that the writers overall attitude towards the issue seems to beA.sensitive.B.gloomy.C.optimistic.D.scared.上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages.Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, after that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique.Now the first and most important part of a language teachers technique is his own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the students latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, radio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material.Notesset about 着手，试图articulation 发音latent 潜在的，不明显的at ones disposal供某人任意支配使用authentic真实的，真正的第31题What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languagesA.Only a few people are really proficient.B.No one is really an expert in the skill.C.There arent many people who are even fairly good.D.There are even some people who are moderately proficient.第32题The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way isA.an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly.B.a fundamental consequence of not speaking well.C.a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly.D.not an obvious cause of speaking poorly.第33题What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forgetA.The practical teaching of languages.B.The importance of a good accent.C.The principle of phonetic theory.D.The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.第34题The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends uponA.how closely he attends to the matter.B.whether it is English that is being taught.C.his teachers approach to pronunciation.D.the importance normally given to grammar and spelling.第35题According to the text, in relation to someone teaching his own language to foreigners, audio-visual aids canpletely replace his own teaching performance.B.provide alternative samples of native speech.C.help to improve teaching quality to a great extent.D.provide a perfect model for language students to follow.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil right activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack of access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500, 000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government, Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to 1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980s is estimated to be over $3 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantialinvestment in new plants, staff, equipment and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small companys efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionment through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil right groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as fronts with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases; when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.Notescivil rights activists 公民权利激进分子Hispanics 西班牙后裔美国人sizable orders 大额订单subcontract 转包合同on forms filed with the government 在政府存档备案percentage goals 指标apportionment 分配，分派public works 市政工程letup 减弱，缓和promising as it is... 这是as引导的上步状语从句，表语倒装了patronage 优惠concern n. 公司and the like 以及诸如此类的crippling fixed expenses 引起损失的固定开支the world of 大量的bid 投标to cash in on ...靠......赚钱team up 一起工作, 合作fronts 此处意为摆门面Complacency 自满第36题The primary purpose of the text is toA.present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.B.describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.C.propose a temporary solution to a problem.D.analyze a frequent source of disagreement.第37题According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they haveA.been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.B.been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.C.not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.D.not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.第38题The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it toA.experience frustration but not serious financial harm.B.have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.C.increase its spending with minority subcontractors.D.revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts.第39题The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer shouldA.avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding.B.concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation.e its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.D.try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation.第40题According to the organization of the text, it most likely appeared inA.a business magazine.B.an accounting textbook.C.a dictionary of financial terms.D.a yearbook of business statistics.上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.[A] Two kinds of ground strength tests are carried out.[B] To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of research workers, with superior laboratories and test houses; and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.[C] It is easy for a plane to pass all the tests in order to fly legally.[D] There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.[E] When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it cannot be legally flown, except for test flying.[F] Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of aircraft that can be made to fly.[G] The structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as possible.__41__. That fact that an airplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong makes it perhaps a matter of life or death that its performance is absolutely dependable.__42_. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio instruments, passenger seats or freight room, and, of course, the passengers or freight themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designer must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the "stress man". He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accidental damage, etc. This stress man´s calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man says. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as strong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, then a whole assembly—for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole airplane. When a new typeof airplane is being made, normally only one of the first three made will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third will be tested in the air.__43__. The first is to find the resistance to loading of the wings, tail, etc. until they reach their maximum load and collapse. The other test is for fatigue strength. Relatively small loads are applied thousands of times. Each may be well under what the structure could stand as a single load, but many repetitions can result in collapse. One form of this test is done on the passenger cabin. It is filled with air at high pressure as for high altitude flying and completely submerged in a large tank of water while the test is going on. The surrounding water prevents the cabin from bursting like a bomb if there is a failure.__44__.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying controls, the electrical equipment, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below the freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.__45__.第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题上一题下一题(46~50/共5题)Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)(46) But behind the deal is another Hewlett-Packard ambition to extend the reach of its dominant printing and imaging division, which registered $ 20 billion in sales this year, 43 percent of the companys revenue. In the last two decades, Hewlett-Packard built itself into the worlds largest vendor of desktop printers. It had done so under th6 command of Richard A. Hackbom, now a Hewlett-Packard board member and a leading advocate of the merger.(47)Today, the company tests so many printers, inks and papers that if one could stack up all the test sheets printed during an average month, the pile would reach 6,000 feet.(48)The printer division is widely regarded as the companys crown jewel, but how Hewlett car best exploit it is a matter of dispute. Walter Hewlett, the oldest son of the companys co-founder, and other critics of the Compaq acquisition argue that the deal will dilute the printing business by burying it in an even larger, slower-moving computer company. The divisions, $2 billion in operating profits this year propped up Hewlett-Packards sagging computer business, which lost $450 million.(49)Some analysts have advocated that instead of merging to become a larger company, Hewlett-Packard should sell off its other businesses and focus on selling more printers and imaging devices like digital cameras and scanners, which increase sales of ink cartridges and paper. The company, however, says it has no intention of narrowing its scope. Instead, proponents of the merger say the acquisition will fix Hewletts computing business, freeing up more research and development money for the printing division to tackle new markets, like the $400-billion-a-year commercial printing business. Hewlett-Packard wants to drive this transition to digital publishing, much as IBM, through a combination of products and services, helped businesses push into online sales in the late1990s.(50)If the strategy is successful, it would result in a surge in digital files that would stimulate sales of the powerful computing systems needed to create, store and move the files. To do that, Hewlett-Packard argues, it must become larger and stronger. The bigger it is, the more influence it will have on corporate technology managers.第46题_____第47题________第48题________第49题_______第50题_________上一题下一题(1/1)Section ⅢWritingPart ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.(10points)第51题Your former student Fang Gang will go to Chicago for post-graduate studies, and you are kind to write an introduction letter to your friend Mr. Wang in Chicago to tell him1. Fangs information;2. the reason for introduction;3. hope for meeting.You should write about 100 words, do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Tang instead. You do not need to write the address.___________上一题下一题(1/1)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)第52题Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)图片_________________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~20/共20题)完形填空Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936.@On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices active euthanasia __1__ administering a lethal drug to a __2__ ill patient who has asked to be relieved __3__ suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging。

考研英语试题及答案详解一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A. 城市化进程中，环境问题日益严重。

B. 城市化进程中，人们生活质量得到显著提升。

C. 城市化进程中，人口密度没有显著变化。

D. 城市化进程中，经济发展速度放缓。

答案：A解析：文章中提到城市化进程中伴随而来的环境问题，如空气污染和水资源短缺，因此选项A正确。

选项B、C和D在文章中没有提及，故排除。

2. 作者对于城市化的看法是什么？A. 支持城市化，认为其是经济发展的必然结果。

B. 反对城市化，认为其导致了一系列社会问题。

C. 中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。

D. 未明确表达对城市化的看法。

答案：C解析：文章中作者提到城市化带来了经济增长和生活便利，同时也指出了其带来的环境和社会问题，因此作者持中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。

二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In recent years, the popularity of online courses has grown rapidly. The reason is that they offer flexibility and convenience that traditional classroom learning often cannot match. For example, students can access the courses at any time and from any place, which is particularly beneficial for those who have to balance their studies with work or family commitments.3. The word "flexibility" in the passage most probably means ______.A. the ability to change easilyB. the ability to bend easilyC. the ability to stretch easilyD. the ability to move easily答案：A解析：根据上下文，"flexibility"在这里指的是在线课程提供的时间上的灵活性，即学生可以根据自己的时间安排来学习，因此选项A"the ability to change easily"是最佳选项。

考研英语专业试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

（每题2分，共10分）In the past few decades, the rapid development of technology has dramatically changed the way we live and work. The advent of the internet and smartphones has made information more accessible than ever before. As a result, people can now communicate instantly across the globe, and businesses can operate more efficiently.问题：(1) What is the main idea of the passage?(2) How has technology impacted our lives?(3) What are the benefits of the internet and smartphones mentioned in the passage?答案：(1) The main idea of the passage is that technology has significantly transformed our lives and work.(2) Technology has impacted our lives by making information more accessible and facilitating instant communication.(3) The passage mentions that the internet and smartphones have made information more accessible and allowed businesses to operate more efficiently.2. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

英语考研阅读真题及答案解析英语考研阅读真题及答案解析Section III Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points) Text 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people generalists. And these generalists are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.。

考研英语历年阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读部分是考研考试中的重要组成部分，它旨在考查考生的英语阅读能力和理解能力。

在备考阶段，了解历年真题及其答案是非常重要的，它不仅可以帮助考生熟悉考试内容和出题方式，还可以帮助考生提高答题技巧和解题速度。

下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

【真题一】文本：（节选自2019年考研英语一真题）Protein is just one of many toxic substances that animals evolved to eat. In fact, some of the hardest foods to eat are some of the most nourishing and could be the most important ones in our diet. More than one billion people, mostly in the tropics, rely on cassava, a starchy root that has to be processed correctly to remove cyanide, which is present in its flesh. A root with the wrong texture or taste contains enough poison to cause a debilitating condition called konzo. To their cost, thousands of the very people most dependent on cassava can afford neither pots to cook it in nor firewood.1. According to the passage, konzo is caused byA) overconsumption of cassavaB) insufficient nutrients in the dietC) improper processing of cassavaD) lack of firewood for cooking答案：C) improper processing of cassava【真题二】文本：（节选自2018年考研英语一真题）Certainly, there is no shortage of individual exceptions to the rule, but on the whole, a rising tide of academic research over the last 30 years reports an significant increase in the diversity and complexity of the tasks that people now accomplish in the workplace. Routine analytic tasks requiring repetitive, rule-based work have declined substantially in employment overall.2. According to the passage, what has happened to the number of routine analytic tasks in the workplace?A) They have stayed the same.B) They have increased significantly.C) They have decreased substantially.D) They have become more complex.答案：C) They have decreased substantially.【真题三】文本：（节选自2017年考研英语二真题）Some people’s biometrics change with age, and these systems may ha ve difficulty identifying them over time. For example, studies have shown that facial recognition algorithms are not as accurate at identifying older adults.A study in 2010 found that error rates escalated between the ages of 45 and64.3. According to the passage, what is one limitation of facial recognition algorithms?A) They are inaccurate for older adults.B) They cannot distinguish biometric changes.C) They do not work on people under 45.D) They are not commonly used in studies.答案：A) They are inaccurate for older adults.【真题四】文本：（节选自2016年考研英语二真题）A new study suggests that humans are more prone to overeat in the evening due to the higher calorie content and larger portion sizes typically consumed. The study also found that perceived hunger levels, following a standardized meal, were lower in the morning than in the evening prior to eating the same meal.4. According to the passage, why are humans more likely to overeat in the evening?A) The portion sizes are larger.B) The hunger levels are higher.C) The calorie content is higher.D) The study did not explain the reason.答案：C) The calorie content is higher.以上是几道历年考研英语阅读真题及答案的节选，希望能够帮助考生们更好地备考考研英语阅读部分。

考研英语阅读试题及答案Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged, with millions of students enrolling in courses offered by various platforms. The flexibility and accessibility of online learning have made it an attractive alternative to traditional classroom education. However, critics argue that the quality of online education may not be on par with that of in-person instruction.Questions:61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The drawbacks of online education.B. The increasing popularity of online education.C. The comparison between online and in-person education.D. The future of traditional classroom education.62. What does the passage suggest about online education?A. It is less popular than traditional education.B. It is criticized for its quality.C. It is only accessible to a select few.D. It has completely replaced classroom education.Answers:61. B62. BPassage 2The concept of a "smart city" has gained traction in urban planning circles. A smart city utilizes information and communication technology to enhance the quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs, and to improve contact between citizens and government. The implementation of smart city initiatives has the potential to revolutionize the way cities are managed and lived in.Questions:63. What is the focus of the passage?A. The challenges of urban planning.B. The definition of a smart city.C. The benefits of smart city technology.D. The history of urban planning.64. What is the main advantage of a smart city according to the passage?A. Reduced living costs for citizens.B. Improved management of city services.C. Increased citizen-government contact.D. All of the above.Answers:63. B64. DPassage 3Global warming has become a critical issue that affects the entire planet. The increase in greenhouse gases, primarily due to human activities, has led to a rise in global temperatures. This phenomenon has severe consequences, including rising sea levels, more frequent natural disasters, and disruptions to ecosystems. Immediate action is required to mitigate the effects of global warming.Questions:65. What is the main issue discussed in the passage?A. The causes of global warming.B. The effects of global warming.C. The solutions to global warming.D. The history of global warming.66. What is the primary cause of global warming mentioned in the passage?A. Natural disasters.B. Human activities.C. Rising sea levels.D. Disruptions to ecosystems.Answers:65. B66. BPassage 4In the world of business, innovation is key to stayingcompetitive. Companies that embrace change and develop new products, services, and processes are more likely to succeed in the long term. Innovation not only drives growth but also fosters a culture of creativity and problem-solving within an organization.Questions:67. What is the central idea of the passage?A. The importance of problem-solving in business.B. The role of creativity in business innovation.C. The necessity of innovation for business success.D. The impact of new products on business growth.68. What is one of the benefits of innovation mentioned in the passage?A. It reduces costs for companies.B. It creates a culture of creativity.C. It eliminates the need for change.D. It guarantees long-term success.Answers:67. C68. BPassage 5Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in recent years, with applications ranging from healthcare to finance. AI technologies can analyze large amounts of data, make predictions, and even perform tasks that were oncethought to be the exclusive domain of humans. The ethical implications of AI, however, raise questions about privacy, bias, and accountability.Questions:69. What is the main subject of the passage?A. The history of AI.B. The applications of AI.C. The ethical concerns of AI.D. The limitations of AI.70. What is one of the concerns mentioned about AI?A. Its inability to analyze data.B. Its potential for bias.C. Its high cost.D. Its limited range of applications.Answers:69. B70. B请注意，以上内容是虚构的考研英语阅读试题及答案，仅供格式排版参考。