2006年西北大学英语专业英语语言学与教学理论基础考研真题

【人大】【中国人民大学】【基础英语真题】2006年【英语专业考研】中国人民大学英语专业---2006年基础英语考研真题中国人民大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：354基础英语I. Sentence Completion (30 points)Directions: Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.1. Jean ______ her mother in character.a. takes afterb. inheritsc. initiatesd. embarrasses2. They reported the loss and gave all the necessary ______ to the police.a. happeningsb. qualificationsc. characteristicsd. particulars3. Generous public funding of basic science would ______ considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.a. result fromb. settle downc. lie ind. lead to4. When people become unemployed, it is ______ which is often worse than lack of wages.a. lazinessb. povertyc. idlenessd. inability5. National poverty was ______ by rapid population growth.a. strengthenedb. reinforcedc. aggravatedd. reduced6. What a sad sight, with all the shops ______ and the people gone.a. shuttledb. shutteredc. shuttlesd. shutters7. The carpenter helped me to _______ the cabinet at the base to keep it from tipping.a. wedgeb. wrenchc. yoked. tuck8. The dentist had to _______ the tooth as it was badly decayed.a. pull offb. releasec. extractd. alleviate9. Children and old people do not like having their daily _______ upset.a. habitb. practicec. routined. custom10. ________ when she started complaining.a. Not until he arrivedb. No sooner had he arrivedc. Hardly had he arrivedd. Scarcely did he arrive11. These things have nothing to do with each other. They are totally _________ .a. irrelevantb. unrelatedc. irreconcilabled. irreplaceable12. _______ the Foreign Minister but the Prime Minister too.a. They not only sawb. They saw not onlyc. Not only did they seed. Not only they saw13. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will ________ in giving the class lecturesa. alterb. changec. alternated. differ14. One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have comeabout_______.a. accordinglyb. accidentallyc. artificiallyd. additionally15. When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly ________ towards his expenses.a. currencyb. payc. allowanced. permission16. No amount of sophistry can justify one country's intervention in the _______ affairs of anothercountry.a. insideb. ownc. internald. intentional17. His story of rescuing ten drowning men totally by himself was ______.a. wonderfulb. incrediblec. indignantd. immense18. I punished the child _______ he should make the same mistake.a. sinceb. becausec. unlessd. lest19. Since Helen is my wife, it is difficult for me to be ______ about her talent.a. objectiveb. single-mindedc. overwhelmedd. subjective20. Every day I walk _______ London Theatre.a. passb. pastc. throughd. across21. Courageous people think quickly and act without _______.a. hesitationb. complaintc. considerationd. anxiety22. I've only recently _______ Shakespeare with profit and pleasure.a. followedb. exploredc. actedd. evaluated23. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily ______ for a month or a year as for a single day.a. arrangeb. innovatec. put upd. adapt24. It is unlikely he can significantly contribute to the highly competitive strategies thatfood_____demands.a. retailb. retainc. retailingd. retaining25. Investors said they were "surprised and encouraged" by the sentiment, although other shareholders seemed ______ to having Prosser in the role.a. resilientb. resolutec. resoundingd. resigned26. Sir Ian's _______ from some of his other duties would be a constructive signal to investors that we are being listened to.a. resignationb. withdrawalc. returnd. response27. Walt Disney's board is stepping up plans to find a new ruler to save the Magic Kingdom and fight off a $54 billion hostile _____ from Comcast, the US cable giant.a. purchaseb. bidc. cofferd. merger28. In Hong Kong's huge Ocean Terminal shopping complex Prudential has opened a shop alongside ______ fashion brands such as Prada and Ralph Lauren.a. inspiringb. operationalc. aspirationald.mind-bending29. Potential customers are ushered through the glass doors into a waiting room with_____ colors and product literaturespread over the table.a. mutinousb. mutablec. mutedd. musty30. The firm's _______ appears on buses in Bangkok and hoardings in Hong Kong, while itsred-and-white motif unconsciously echoes the colors of HSBC, a British institution known to millions of customers across Asia。

06西外英语专业考研英美文学西安外国语学院2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目名称：英美文学科目代码：431PART ONEDirections: Part One contains twenty questions/statements. Select from choices A, B, C, and D the one that best answers the question or completes thestatement. Record your selection on the answer sheet. (每题1分，共20分)1. The Canterbury T ales is a group of narrative poems by _____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Sir Thomas MaloryD. Sir Philip Sidney2. Iago is a literary figure in _____.A. Sheridan’s The School for ScandalB. Goldsmith’s She Stoops to ConquerC. Shakespeare’s OthelloD. O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock3. “Metaphysical poetry” is associated with ____.A. Thomas GrayB. Lord ByronC. John DonneD. Matthew Arnold4. The well-known line “ If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is by ___.A. HerbertB. TennysonC. JohnsonD. Shelley5. Daniel Defoe is best known for his creation of the literary figure ___.A. Jane EyreB. Robinson CrusoeC. David CopperfieldD. Guillver6. It is a play about how Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, attempts to teach acockney flower-girl to speak properly. The play is ______.A. John Millington Synge’s The Playboy of the Western WorldB. John Osborne’s Look Back in AngerC. George Bernard Shaw’s PygmalionD. Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot7. Dr. Aziz accompanying Mrs. Moore and Miss Adela to visit Marabar Caves is animportant episode in ____.A. H.G. Wells’s The Invisible ManB. Joseph Conrad’s Heart of DarknessC. Arnold Bennett’s The Old Wive s’ TaleD.E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India8. “His masterpiece Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.”The author whom the passage refers to is _______.A. Evelyn WaughB. George OrwellC. Katherine MansfieldD. James Joyce9. Harold Pinter won the 2005 Nobel Prize for literature. He is a _____.A. playwrightB. novelistC. poetD. literary critic10. The Leather-stocking Tales is a collective name for _____.A. James Fenimore Cooper’s fi ve novelsB. Washington Irving’s three storiesC. Edgar Allan Poe’s six storiesD. Herman Melvill e’s four novels11. Hester Prynne is the heroine in _______.A. Stowe’s Uncle’s Tom’s CabinB. Steinbeck’s The Grapes of WrathC. Lewis’s Main StreetD. Hawth orne’s The Scarlet Letter12. Moby Dick is the name of _____.A. a wolf in Jack London’s storyB. a whale in Herman Melville’s storyC. a rabbit in John Updike’s storyD. a dog in Edward Albee’s story13. The Portrait of a Lady is one of the noblest works by ____.A. Henry JamesB. Edith WhartonC. Hamilton GarlandD. Willa Cather14. In which of the following works might you have read the saying “Good fencesmake good neighbors”?A. Whitman’s Song of MyselfB. Carl Sandburg’s ChicagoC. Robert Frost’s Mending WallD. Ezra Pound’s Hugh Selwyn Mauberley15. Which of the following is William Faulkner associated with?A. The belief that nature and society have no divine sanctionB. The “ice berg” styleC. The “stream of consciousness” techniqueD. The concern with the impact of wealth upon individuals16. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals ona wet, black bough” arefrom a two-line poem by _____.A. E. A. RobinsonB. Ezra PoundC. William Carlos WilliamsD. Wallace Stevens17. The Hairy Ape makes a protest against the dehumanization and alienation in theindustrial world. The Hairy Ape is one of the well known works by ______.A. Tennessee WilliamsB. Eugene O’NeillC. Langston HughesD. Arthur Miller18. Lieutenant Frederic Henry and nurse Catherine Barkley are the two maincharacters in ____.A. Salinger’s The Catcher in the RyeB. Hemingway’s A Farewell to ArmsC. John Barth’s The Sot-Weed FactorD. Bellow’s The Adventures of Augie March19. In a story the climax is reached when _____.A. the protagonist finds the antagonist’s plotB. either the protagonist or the antagonist gets the upper handC. the two opposing forces finally meetD. the battle between the two forces is over20. Setting usually refers to ____.A. the relationship among the characters that man the storyB. the sequence of the events in the storyC. the time and the place for the storyD. the framework that structures the storyPART TWODirections: Define or explain five of the eight items (terms, personal names, and works) given below. Write all your definitions and explanations on theanswer sheet. (每题6分，共30分)1.Plot2.Protagonist3.Stanza4.Naturalism5.Toni Morrison6.The Paradise Lost7.Carpe diem8.HomerDirections: Choose four of the six questions given below and answer each question you have chosen in no more than 30 words. Record your answers on theanswer sheet. (每题15分，共60分)1.“Drip drop drip drop drop drop drop / But there is no water”(T. S. Eliot, TheWaste Land) Comment on the effectiveness of the rhetorical device employed in the above two poetic lines.2.Why is the analysis of the point of view important in analyzing a story?3.What does Realism mean when it claims to do “truthful treatment of life”?Comment briefly.4.List with examples some of the symbolic meanings the term “journey” may carryin literature.5.What is the meaning of the term “Oedipus Complex”? Explain with examplesfrom your literary reading.6.Romanticism places man at the center of the universe. List some of the ways thisromantic idea affects literature.Directions: Part Four contains three essay topics. Choose two and develop each of your analyses/comments into a coherent essay of no less than onehundred and fifty words. Write your essays on the answer sheet. Besure that the number of each of your analyses corresponds to theoriginal number of the topic you are writing on. (每题20分，共40分)1.Read closely Dickinson’s Poem #556 provided below and then answer the question.The Brain, within its GrooveRuns evenly—and true—But let a Splinter swerve—Twere easier for you—To put a Current back—When Floods Have slit the Hills—And scooped a turnpike for Themselves—And trodden out the Mills—Questions: Analyze the poem and write a statement of its possible theme.2.Here are the ending paragraphs of James Joyce’s story “Eveline,” the fourth story inDubliners, a collection of short stories with “paralysis of Dublin life” as the general theme:All the seas of the world tumbled about her [Eveline’s] heart. He [Frank] was drawing her into them: he would drown her. She gripped with both hands at the iron railing.—Come!No! No! No! It was impossible. Her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish!—Eveline! Evvy!He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to follow. He was shouted at to go on but he stilled called to her. She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. Her eyes gave him no sign of love or farewell or recognition.Questions:Would Eveline leave her hometown with Frank for Buenos Ayres? Support your answer with evidence from the story.3.Read closely the opening paragraph of John Steinbeck’s short story “TheChrysanthemums”below. The question that follows the paragraph is based on the assumption that you have n’t readthe story:The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salina Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world. On every side it sat like a lid on the mountain and made of the great valley a closed pot. On the broad, level land floor the gang ploughs bit deep and left the black earth shining like metal where the shares had cut.On the foot-hill ranches across the Salina River, the yellow stubble field seemed to be bathed in pale cold sunshine, but there was no sunshine in the valley now in December. The thick willow scrub along the river flamed with sharp and positive yellow leaves.Questions: If this very first paragraph helps set the tone for the whole story, what might be that tone? Answer the question, even if you haven’t read the story, and support your answer with evidence you have found in the paragraph.。

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编22(总分：126.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.According to G Leech, 1meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.According to G. Leech, 1meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the 1theory. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5. 1is the technical name for the sameness relation. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.Terms like "apple", "banana" and "pear" are 1of the term "fruit". (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7."Mary gave a book to Jack" is synonymous with "Jack 1a book from Mary." (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.Terms like "rolling pin" and "ladle" are 1of the term "kitchen implements." (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Antonyms like "husband" v. "wife" are 1antonyms. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Terms like "desk" and "stool" are 1of the term "furniture". (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11. 1= PARANT(x, y)&MALE(x)(北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12. 1= CHILD (x, y) & MALE (x) (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.In their book 1written in 1923, C. K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a" representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. " There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22. (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14.Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents; 1 and 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)15.In the sentence "Money is often said to be the root of all evil", "root" is used in its conceptual meaning. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.After comparing "They stopped at the end of the corridor." with "At the end of the corridor, they stopped", you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of "reference". (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is some- times referred to as speaker's meaning, or contextual meaning. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. (南开大学2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22."Tulip", "rose" and "violet" are all included in the notion of "flower". Therefore they are superordinates of "flower". (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sentences "Jan lent some money to Jack" and "Jack borrowed some money from Jan" are synonymous. (北二外2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.All the words in a language can be used to refer, but only some have senses. (北二外2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)26.When the word "root" means "part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil", the meaning is______meaning. (北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）A.connotativeB.conceptualC.reflected27.______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense28.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Connotative meaning.B.Denotative meaning.C.Conceptual meaning.29.According to C. Ogden and I. Richards,______is regarded as the crucial intermediary between______and______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.symbol .. . referent ... thoughtB.referent . .. thought.. . symbolC.thought .. . symbol . .. referent30.There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by______respectively. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB.synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC.antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy31.Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.Vowel and consonantB.Mouth and tongueC.Lexicon and wordD.Number and gender32.By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ ALIVE(x))) is an explanation of______.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.dieB.deadC.killD.killed33.The sense relationship between "John plays the piano" and "John plays a musical instrument" is ______.(北二外2004研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.antonymyC.entailment34.Which of the following are gradable antonyms?（分数：2.00）A.good and badB.male and femaleC.young and oldD.buy and sell35.Conceptual meaning is not______（分数：2.00）A.affectiveB.cognitiveC.logicD.denotative36.When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the falsity of sentence(b) guarantees the falsity of sentence (a) , we can say that______.（分数：2.00）A.sentence (a) presupposes sentence (b)B.sentence (a) entails sentence (b)C.sentence (a) is inconsistent with sentence (b)D.sentence (a) contradicts sentence (b)37."Socrates is a man" is a case of______.（分数：2.00）A.two-place predicateB.one-place predicateC.two-place argumentD.one-place argument四、简答题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)38.What is the referential theory of meaning? (北交大2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 39.What are the three kinds of antonyms? (武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 40.What is your opinion on "true synonymy is non-existent"? (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 41.How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features? (浙江大学2004研)(a) The television drank my water.(b) His dog writes poetry.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 42.Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why? (厦门大学2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：14，分数：28.00)45.Conceptual meaning (四川大学2010研；武汉大学2007研；上海交大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 46.Contextual meaning (浙江大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.Concatenation (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Denotation (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.Semantic Triangle (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 50.Lexical relations (上海交大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Homonymy (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Relational opposites (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Synonymy (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ponential analysis (浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Entailment (武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Presupposition(武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Polysemy (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.linguistic variable (北外2011研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)59.Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech. (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.The British linguist F. R. Palmer argues that "there is no absolute distinction between gradable antonyms and complementary antonyms." Do you believe so? Support your view with examples.(南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another. Discuss the relationships between words, using examples from the English language. (北外2003研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.Categorize the following pairs: child - kid, alive - dead, big - small, husband - wife.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 63.How many semantic relations are there among sentences? Give examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11一、简答题1 The following four sentences present four different usages of the word不过. Please discuss the distinctions and connections among the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。

2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。

3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。

4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。

2 Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学2010研)"The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. "3 When a teacher says "it's so hot in here" during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.(人大2002研)4 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory.(北航2008研) Customer; Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter; Don't worry, there's no extra charge.5 Explain speech act theory and list the different kinds of speech acts with examples for each.(浙江大学2004研)6 Discuss the following sentences in terms of violation of maxims in the cooperative principle.(浙江大学2007研)a. I think he was married and had a lioness at home.b. A: What do you intend to do? B: I have a terrible headache.c. A: Where've you been? B: Out.7 Discuss the following advertisement extensively: "你不理财，财不理你".(浙江大学2007研)8 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said哎，几点了?and the second said不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(北外2007研)9 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.(北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

1.3考研真题与典型题详解I。

Fill in the blanks。

1。

The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2。

Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language。

(北二外2003研）3. Language, broadly speaking， is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______。

6。

Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some r ules for people to observe.7。

One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing。

8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. （北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. （北二外2004研）10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description， classification and transcription. （北二外2005研)11。

西北大学继续教育学院学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Northwest University School of Continuing Education Degree English TestPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.Passage 1My name is Jenny and I love traveling. Last summer, I went on a trip to Europe with my friends. We visited England, France, and Italy. It was an amazing experience, and we saw so many beautiful places. The highlight of our trip was definitely seeing the Eiffel Tower in Paris. It was even more magnificent in person than in pictures.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) Jenny's summer vacationB) The Eiffel Tower in ParisC) Traveling with friendsD) Beautiful places in Europe2. Where did Jenny and her friends visit?A) England, France, and SpainB) England, Italy, and GermanyC) England, France, and ItalyD) France, Spain, and Italy3. What impressed Jenny the most during her trip?A) The food in ItalyB) The architecture in EnglandC) The beaches in FranceD) The Eiffel Tower in ParisPassage 2In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has continued to grow. With the convenience of being able to shop from home and have items delivered right to your door, more and more people are turning to online retailers for their purchases. However, it is important to remember to always be cautious when sharing personal information online to protect yourself from scams and identity theft.4. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The growth of online shoppingB) The benefits of shopping from homeC) How to avoid scams when shopping onlineD) The convenience of having items delivered5. Why are more people turning to online retailers for their purchases?A) Because it is cheaper than traditional shoppingB) Because it is more convenient than traditional shoppingC) Because it is easier to compare prices onlineD) Because it is safer than traditional shopping6. What is one important tip the passage gives for staying safe when shopping online?A) Always pay with cashB) Never share personal informationC) Use a secure internet connectionD) Only shop at well-known retailers...Part IV: Translation (15 points)Directions: For each of the following sentences, translate it into English and write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.66. 请注意保持安静，听老师讲课。

硕士研究生英语学位真题2006年6月(总分：90.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Section A{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：9.00)（分数：5.00）(1).∙ A. He has spent many days writing his linguistics term paper.∙ B. He spent one day working on his linguistics term paper.∙ C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday.∙ D. His linguistic term paper was due several days before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：(2).∙ A. There will be many people at the party.∙ B. The man will do his assignment before the party.∙ C. She's not going to the party.∙ D. The man won't be able to go to the party.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：(3).∙ A. He isn't serious about the expedition.∙ B. It will cost him a lot of money.∙ C. Other people paid for his airfare.∙ D. It isn't fair for him to go alone.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：(4).∙ A. The Personnel Manager is not here.∙ B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager.∙ C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation.∙ D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：(5).∙ A. In a garden∙ B. In an orchard∙ C. In a shop∙ D. In a kitchen.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：（分数：4.00）(1).∙ A. Half a month∙ B. One and a half months∙ C. Two months∙ D. Two and a half months（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：(2).∙ A. Avenues run east and west.∙ B. Streets are in the downtown area.∙ C. Avenues run north and south.∙ D. Streets are in the west side of the New Work.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：(3).∙ A. Pick up the man at 5:00.∙ B. Meet her friends at the restaurant.∙ C. Make dinner for the man.∙ D. Do her errands after dinner.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：(4).∙ A. It will be ready by three o'clock today.∙ B. It can be picked up at two o'clock tomorrow.∙ C. It will be ready in two hours.∙ D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：三、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Mini-talk One(总题数：1，分数：3.00)（分数：3.00）(1).∙ A.2—4 times∙ B.4—6 times∙ C. 6—8 times∙ D.About 10 times（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[注释]关键信息词句：You might not remember your dreams，but people usually dream four to sixtimes anight注意：在正式听本段独白或对话之前阅读并熟悉所给出的问题和选项答案，并对正确选项作出预测，例如：利用该段独白或对话的语境、常识或已知信息预测可能的正确答案等。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28一、填空题1 The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______. (中山大学2008研)2 ______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. (中山大学2006研)3 Hymes' theory leads to notion/function-based syllables, and a step further,______syllabuses. (中山大学2005研)4 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. (中山大学2008研)5 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called______seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. (中山大学2011年研)二、单项选择题6 In Krashen's monitor theory, "i" in "i + 1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______. (对外经贸2006研) （A）interaction（B）interference（C）input（D）intake7 The______is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the languageitems needed for them. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）structural syllabus（B）situational syllabus（C）notional syllabus（D）functional syllabus8 Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as______.（A）interference（B）interlanguage（C）fossilization（D）acculturation9 ______sees errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.（A）error analysis（B）performance analysis（C）contrastive analysis（D）discourse analysis三、简答题10 How do you understand interlanguage? (西安交通大学2008研)11 What are the four obvious barriers to adult 12 acquisition? (浙江大学2003研)12 Linguists have taken an internal and/or external focus to the study of language acquisition. What is the difference between the two?(北外201 1研)13 What is the difference between mistakes and errors?14 What are the distinctions between interlingual and intralingual errors?15 What are the different views of input hypothesis and interaction hypothesis on discourse's contribution to languageacquisition?四、名词解释16 Applied linguistics (武汉大学2006研)17 Interlanguage (北外2010研；北航2010研；上海交大2005研)18 Contrastive analysis (北航2010研；浙江大学2004研)19 face validity (南开大学2011年研)20 Error Analysis (中山大学2011年研)五、举例说明题21 Krashen's Input Hypothesis and Language Learning.(北交大2006研)22 Explain one of the teaching approaches that you're familiar with and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. (浙江大学2004研)23 What do you think are the similarities and dissimilarities between learning a first anda second language? (北外2003研)24 What is communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign lauguage learning? (四川大学2009研)25 Read the following paragraphs and then answer four questions. (北外201 1年研) The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more ' traditional' approaches which emphasize part practice (i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning)leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experientialapproach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson (1982) refers to as an ' in at the deep end strategy'. Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning. (Tudor 2001: 79) An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularitiesof language and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularitiescan facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners' abilityto put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general , the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon. ... Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson (1996: 83) refers to as 'generativity' and ' economy'. Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances. ... Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners' ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes. (Tudor 2001: 86-7)1. What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?2. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?3. What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?4. How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?26 How many types of data analysis have been employed in language acquisition research? How are these types of dataanalysis significant in SLA research?。