初中英语 牛津译林八年级上册阅读理解知识梳理

牛津译林版八年级上册期末专项复习之阅读理解（一）As winter draws near, many of the cold-blooded animals hibernate till spring comes. And everybody knows they will be awake months later, crawling and walking around and looking for food.But do you also know that some animals go to a summer sleep, which is called aestivation? Most animals are active during the summer, singing and dancing freely. The aestivation animals, however, will have a long sleep in a cool place to stay away from the dry and hot summer days.In Southeast Africa there is a kind of porcupine (豪猪).Its body is covered with sharp stings. This creature usually eats earthworms as its main food. As the hot days come, the earthworms go deep under the mud to keep themselves alive. During this time the porcupine can’t find any to live on, so it lies down to aestivate for months without eating. It comes out again when the cool autumn days arrive.An unusual kind of tree frog in South Africa will climb up a tree during the summer. Here it hides itself in a cool place to have its summer sleep.The most interesting thing about the aestivating animal is that while it sleeps, its body temperature drops just as the hibernating animal’s body temperature drops in winter.1. Why do porcupines aestivate?A. Because they are not active animals.B. Because the weather is too hot and dry.C. Because they have nothing to eat during the summer.D. Because their body temperature is not high enough.2. When does the porcupine start and end its aestivation?A. It starts in January and ends in March.B. It starts in March and ends in April.C. It starts in August and ends in October.D. It starts in November and ends in February the next year.3 Which of the following is NOT true?A. Hibernating animals are active in summer. [来源:学§科§网]B. Porcupines in Southeast Africa live mainly on earthworms.C. One kind of tree frogs in South Africa sleeps inside trees in summer.D. The body temperature of an aestivation animal in summer is as low as that in winter.4. What does the underlined w ord “hibernate” mean in Chinese?A. 觅食B. 冬眠C. 蜗居D. 隐藏（二）In America，when people say “man’s best friend”，they don’t mean another person. Instead，they are talking about a lovely animal—a dog! These words show the friendship between people and animals. Dogs and other pets can give joy to people’s lives. Some people think of their pets as their children. Some pe ople even leave all their money to their pets when they die!Animals can help people，too. Dogs can be taught to be the “eyes” for a blin d person(盲人)or “ears” for a deaf(耳聋)person. Scientists have found that pets help people live longer! They make people happier，too. Because of that，they bring animals into hospitals for “visits”.Americans hold “Be Kind to Animals Week” in the first week o f May. Pet shows are held during the week. Even if you don’t live in America，you，too，can do this. How? First think about how animals make your life richer. If you have a pet，take more time this week to play with it. Remember to give it delicious food.If y ou don’t have a pet，be kind to animals around you. For example，if you see a street dog，just leave it alone，or make friend s with it. If others around you do bad things to animals，try to speak up. As people，we must protect(保护)animals who can’t speak for the mselves.( ) 1.“Some people even leave all their money to their pets when they die!” is used to prove (证明) that ________.A. pets have the right(权利)to inherit(继承)moneyB. money can make pets happyC. it’s the best way to spend moneyD. some pets are as important to their owners as their children( ) 2.According(依照)to the passage，scientists bring the dogs to hospital because_______.A. they are ill and they need to see the doctorB. they can make the patients(病人)happierC. they can help the doctor find out the pr oblemsD. the doctors can do experiment(试验)on them( ) 3During the “Be Kind to Animals Week”，the people in America________.A. hold pet showsB. play with the pets the whole weekC. cook delicious food f or petsD. make friends with other people’s pets( ) 4.What is the main idea of the passage?A.A lot of people are interested in dogs.B. Dogs can help people do many things.C. Pets are lovely and need care and protection(保护).D. We have done a lot of things for pets.（三）DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in the UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY materials. TV shows also teach people how to DIY.British people like DIY. If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or fixing the broken furniture (家具), they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY with their friends. More and more people enjoy DIY and have found the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for s aving money. At present, many people don’t have enough money to buy a big house. They are looking at how they can make their houses better without spending a lot of money. That’s why DIY is so popular.DIY can be difficult. There is a large market for DIY furniture which needs to be got together by people themselves with a few tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can’t understand the instructions. Sometimes the instructions are easy and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. DIY can also be dangerous if you are not careful enough. It is reported that in just one year more than 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in the UK, including (包括) 41,000 who fell off ladders (梯子).DIY can bring us a lot of fun and can help us save some money, but it is not always as easy as it seems to be if we bite off more than we can chew(咀嚼). Maybe factories should make things that are easier and safer for us to DIY.1. Why do British people like DIY ?A．Many stores sell DIY things. B．DIY can bring them fun.C．TV programs teach them to DIY. D．All DIY projects are easy.2. Which of the following belongs to DIY?A. Order a pizza on the Internet.B. Buy a birthday cake for my father.C. Pay the worker＄100 to fix the broken furniture.D. Make lanterns out of pumpkins for my children on Halloween.3. What does the sentence we bite off more than we can chew mean?A .We can eat everything we like.B .We should do something difficult.C .We do something that is too difficult.D .We eat too much food that is not safe.4. What can we learn from the passage?A. DIY is a waste of money.B. It is always difficult to DIY.C. We should be careful while doing DIY.D. It is very safe for us to DIY.（四）The elephant lives in groups. An elephant herd (群) usually has fromtwenty to forty members. The elephants in the herd depend on one anotherfor help in time of trouble.The leader of the group is usually a wise and strong female. Shetravels at the head of the herd and is followed by the other femalesand their young. The male elephants follow last. When danger comes,the male elephants form a circle (圈) around the weaker animals and protect them.The members of the herd are loyal (忠诚的) to one another. A sick elephant is not left behind to die. If an elephant is sick, the whole herd stops traveling until it gets well. When an elephant is hurt, two others walk on both sides of it and support it with their bodies. A member of the herd may be caught in a trap. Then the others try to help it.Elephants love the youngsters in the group and give them special care. They help young animals stay afloat (漂浮着) when the herd crosses a river. They work together to help a calf (幼崽) when it goes to a dangerous place.When a female elephant gives birth to her young baby, she leaves the herd for a short time. However, she takes another female along to act as "aunt". The aunt helps the mother with her new-born calf. In this way, the whole herd protects its newest member.1. The leader of an elephant herd is usually_______.A. a wise maleB. a weak maleC. a strong femaleD. the oldest female2. In times of danger, the males form a circle around_______.A. the enemy (敌人)B. the weaker animalsC. the leader of the groupD. the stronger elephants3. Which of the following does the story get you to believe?A. Elephants can not cross a river.B. Baby elephants cannot swim well.C. Sick elephants are usually left behind to die.D. Most elephant herds have over a hundred members.4. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?A. Elephants like to live alone.B. Many young elephants die when crossing a river.C. Elephants can help each other in time of trouble.D. The female elephant leaves the herd forever after she has babies.(六)Reading should be part of your life. But the problem is that there's too much to read these days and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I t hink are veryPreview(预览)—if it is long and hard, previewing is very useful for getting a general(总的)idea of heavy reading like long magazine articles and reports.Here’s how to preview:Read the first two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs carefully.Then read only the first sentence of the other paragraphs.Skim(浏览)-if it is short and easy. Skimming is a good way to get a gener al idea of light reading l ike popular magazines or the sports and stars, movies of your daily paper.Here's how to skim:Get your eyes to move fast. Sweep them across each line.Pick up only a few key words in each line.Everybody skims differently. You and I may not pick up the same words when we skim the same news, but usually we won't get very different ideas of what it is all about.1.What should you do if you read a long article according to the writer?A. Read every word of it.B. Read all the paragraphs.C. Pick up a few key words in each line.D. Read the first two and the last two paragraphs carefully.2.The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to(指的是) .A. skimmingB. previewingC. the wordsD. the news3.If you read an easy article, which reading skill is better to get the general idea?A. Previewing.B. Skimming.C. Reading carefullyD. Sweeping each wo rd.4.The best title for the passage may be .A. Reading Is Part of LifeB. Previewing and Skimm ingC. Reading ProblemsD. Reading Skills(六)My family lives very happily on a farm near a small town. My father always learns some information about weather through the TM the Internet and newspapers.One evening, he asked us to meet at the table after dinner. "I have some bad news," he said. "The weather reports on the televisi on warned(警告)that we would face a typhoon tomorrow."At 6.30 a.m. the next day, the winds started and the rain was falling heavily. There were new warnings that the sea level could go up as much as 5 meters.The winds were terribly strong and tree branches were flying everywhere. Trees were falling down and the rain kept coming down.Just after 10:30, the wind stopped suddenly-it was strangely calm and the sun was shining. Then the winds came howling(咆哮)again, but this time more rain fell. There were more flying things and the storm came in. Everything within I km of the coast was flooded-there was fish in the streets. Now the winds were dying down, but the rain was still falling.After another two hours, the wind came to a stop at last. My home was in a mess and my mum burnt her arm when the hot water from the stove hit her skin. We were all frightened, but we were all safe, including the cat.1. The father knew that there was going to be a typhoon from .A. the InternetB. the newspapersC. his friendsD. the TV2. What were the new warnings?A. The sea level could go up as much as 5 metres.B. Trees were falling down.C. The winds came howling again.D. There were more flying things.3. How long did the typhoon last?A. About two hours.B. About four hours.C. About six hours.D. About eight hours.4. What did not happen when the typhoon came?A. There was flood.B. The snowstorm came in.C. The winds were terribly strong.D. The rain kept coming down.(七)What is the common ye xiao in your city?Ye Xiao, or night snack is the fourth meal of the day in China. It usually starts from 8 p.m. and lasts until 2 a.m. It is different in the north and the south of the country.In the north part of China, barbeque(烧烤)is the most common night snack, e specially in summer, while in the south there are many choices for ye xiao. Spicy crayfish(小龙虾)in Hunan and tasty desserts in Guangdong have a lot of fans.Taiwan's night market is very famous. It is a place for both eating and shopping. Parents take their children to eat at street stalls(路边摊).Young people shop around. Old people just sit around and chat.Why do people have ye xiao?"Some say that in southern China we have longer days, so we are likely to stay up late and have more meals," Janice Leung Hayes, a Hong Kong food writer, told the BBC.But ye xiao is not jus t about food. People eat with friends, chat and hang out. All these things make ye xiao a way of life.1. When does ye xiao usually start and end during a day?A. From 8 a.m. to 2 p.m.B. From 8 p.m. to 2 p.m.C. From 8 a.m. to 2 a.m.D. From 8 p.m. to 2 a.m.2. Which of the following match is TRUE?A. Barbeque一the south part of China.B. Spicy crayfish一Henan.C. Tasty desserts一Guangdong.D. Barbeque一Taiwan.3. Which is the best reason for people to have ye xiao?A. Ye xiao is much cheaper than hotel food.B. Ye xiao is more than just food, and it's a way of life.C. Ye xiao is for people who often get hungry at night.[来源:]D. Southern China has longer days, so they have to eat ye xiao.4. What's the main idea of this text?A. To attract(吸引)more people to Taiwan night markets.B. To explain the meaning of ye xiao.C. To introduce a part of Chinese food culture.D. To show what people do at a night market.(八)On June 26, 2000, two scientists, called Francis Collins and Craig Venter, told the world that they could now read the whole "map" of the human body: DNA. DNA is something that everybody has, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our mother and father, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Gregor Mendel discovered a special reason why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things named "genes" in our body. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick made another discovery and found out that those small parts are real messages written in the DNA with a special language.In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaei found a message in DNA showing how DNA tells the cell(细胞)to build its parts. Scientists have now found all the words in the DNA m ap, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help save more people from several illnesses.Most people hope that this will help make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when people begin to know more words and find out lots of other information, we might use it in a wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people from getting jobs. Man would have to meet a lot of trouble if DNA technology(技术)wasn't limited(限制)in use.1.When did we first know why we look like other people in our family?A. In 2000.B. In 1953.C. In 1961.D. In 1860.2.What did the two scientists first discover in 1961?A. The "map" of DNA.B. A new illness.C. A message of DNA.D. The language of DNA.3.What can we do if we understand some "words" of the language inside the body?A. Make people get new jobs.B. Make medicine for illnesses.C. Make maps of human.D. Make people less attractive.4.What do people think about this work?[来源:学科网]A. It can cause good or bad results.B. It can cause only good results.C. It can cause good results but won't work.D. It can cause only bad results.(九)Once there was a piano player in a bar. People came just to hear him play. But one night, a lady asked him to sing a song.“I don’t sing,” said the man.But the lady told the waiter, “I’m tired of listening to the piano. I want the player to sing!”The waiter shouted across the room, “Hey, friend! If you want to get paid, sing a song!”So he did. He never sang in public before. Now he was singing for the very first time! Nobody h eard the song Mona Lisa sang so beautifully!He had talent (天赋) he was sitting on! He may live the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar. But once he caught the chance and found that he could sing well. He went on working hard and became one of the best-known singers in the US. His name was Nat King Cole.You, too, have skills and abilities. You may not feel that your talent is great, but it may be better than you think. With hard work, most skills can be improved. Besides, you may have no success at all if you just sit on your talent.1.The lady asked the player to sing a song because .A.she paid him for thisB. she knew him very wellC. she wanted to have a changeD. she enjoyed his singing[来源:学科网]2.Nat King Cole succeeded because .B.the lady helped him a lot B. he caught the chance at lastC. he continued to play in the barD. he stopped playing the piano3.The words "sit on" in the passage probably mean .C.fail to realize B. forget to use C. try to developD. manage to show4.Which could be the best title (标题) for the passage?D.Sing in the Bar B. Achieve Success in LifeC. Never Lose HeartD. Find Your Hidden Talent（十）Earthquake may happen anywhere on the earth. When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. They often happen near the mountains too.During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack open. Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destoryed.Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the earthquake belts. In areas in these belts, it is possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.In the future scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen. They can tell people what to do and how to do it.1. The reason for an earthquake is ___________.A. Some plates of the earth move suddenly.B. That the sea is too deep.C. Rocks cracking openD. That the mountains are too high.2. A lot of earthquakes often happens ___________.A. anywhereB. next to mountainsC. in the seaD. in the mountains3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. During an earthquake, few people are killed or hurt.B. The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake now.C. We should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.D. Earthquakes all happen near the mountains.4.. In the future, we’ll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes ___________.A. with the help of scientists’exact predictionB. because of a map showing the “earthquake belts”C. because we can guess the date and place of earthquakesD. because no earthquakes will happen around us答案：（一）CDDB（二）DBAC（三）B D C C（四）CBBC（五）DDBD（六）DACB（七）DCBC（八）DCBA（九）CBAD（十）ABCA11。

牛津译林版八年级上 8A Unit4 知识点梳理8A Unit4知识点解析与练1.I don’t know what to do。

(改写句子，使用特殊疑问词+to do结构)类似结构：如何做，做什么，什么时候离开，去哪儿等。

2.Here comes the cat and two dogs。

(改写句子，使用全倒装结构)Here he is。

(改写句子，使用半倒装结构)倒装句：动词单复看主语，没有现在进行时。

例如：Look。

Here comes the bus!3.n指示；说明。

可数名词：an n，复数名词：some ns。

区分：tips for (doing) sth (做)某事的提示。

4.No problem。

没问题。

have problems with sth（某事有问题）。

例如：I have problems with English。

have problems (in) doing sth（做某事有问题）。

例如：I have problems learning English.5.It says/reads。

“Do it yourself.”（写着看书/报读）6.Tools工具。

可数名词：brush(es)（刷子），rope(s)（绳子）。

不可数名词：glue（胶水），XXX（胶带）。

复数名词：scissors（剪刀）。

例如：A pair of scissors is cheap。

When we use scissors。

we should be careful with them.7.Exact adj。

确切的。

例如：Can you tell me the exact number of the visitors?1.Can you tell me exactly how many visitors there were?2.This picture looks much clearer than the last one。

译林版初中英语八年级上册全册各单元知识点归纳整理译林版初中英语八年级上册Unit 1 Friends重点短语：1.一个诚实的男孩 an honest boy2.一个八年级的学生 a Grade 8 student3.一次写作比赛 a writing competition4.一则……的广告 an advertisement for5.保密keep secrets6.使我开心make me happy7.分享我的快乐share my joy8.遇到麻烦be in trouble9.和我一样苗条as slim as me10.一个我最好的朋友one of my best friends11.对……慷慨be generous to12.乐意做某事be willing/ ready to do13.给需要的人让座give seats to people in need14.环游世界travel around the world15.使他看起来聪明make him look smart16.感到无聊feel bored17.讲滑稽的笑话tell funny jokes18.走过课桌walk past the desk19.撞翻我的书knock over my books20.想起我的好朋友think of my good friends21.看一则广告read an advertisement22.一位忠实的朋友an honest friend23.及肩的头发shoulder-length hair24.做大量的电脑工作do much computer work25.投票赞成某人vote for sb.26.帮助有需要的人help people in need27.课外活动after-school activities28.尽力帮助他们try to help them29.一名社会工作者 a social worker30.未来计划future plans31.看起来爱好运动look sporty32.搬迁到北京move to Beijng33.过来come over34.想念我的老同学miss my old classmates35.与……交朋友make friends with36.给我一些忠告give my some advice37.住在隔壁live next door38.邀请某人做某事invite sb to do39.她微笑的眼睛her smiling eyes40.面带微笑wear a smile on one’s face41.再来一些饮料some more drinks42.一些喝的something to drink43.任何时间at any time44.在将来in the future45.对……很了解know sth. very well46.一个人坐着sit alone47.认识某人get to know sb.48.不如not as… as49.在做某事上有困难have problems doing sth.50.在某事上有困难have problems with sth.51.适合某事be suitable for52.和某人分享某物share sth with sb53.对某人友好be friendly to sb54.十年前ten years ago55.解出数学题solve the maths problem56.写信给某人write to sb57.说某人的坏话say a bad word about sb58.相信他说的话believe what he said/ his words59.倾听人们的难题listen to people’s problems60.帮助人们解决难题help people solve their problems61.因为……而出名be famous for62.作为……而出名be famous as63.个像艾伦那样的朋友have a friend like Alan64.在午餐期间during lunch time65.同意做某事agree to do66.同意某人的意见agree with sb67.在左边的那个男孩the boy on the left68.跑步最快的人the fastest runner69.A和B都both A and B重点句型：1.冰箱里没有别的东西。

Unit 7 SeasonsReading1.Wi nter days are full of snow,When trees and flowers forget to grow.(1) be full of...”充满；装满”=be filled withfill ...with...”用...充满...”(1)forget的使用：forget通常指忘记具体的东西,如:名字、号码、地址等; forget about通常指忘记一件事情,如:开会、学习、吃饭、锁门等。

比较: I forget her name.我把她的名字给忘了。

Don't forget about your study.别忘了学习。

有时两者可换用,尤其是表示“不要把.....放在心上”时。

如: He forgot(about)her birthday.他把她的生日忘了。

Let's forget( (about) our differences.咱们不要把彼此的分歧放在心上。

表示“忘记做某事”时,除可用forget to do sth.外,有时也可用forget about doing sth如: She had forgotten all about posting the letter.她把寄信的事忘得一干二净。

口语中说forget( about)it有以下用法①用于回答感谢,意为“不客气”。

如A: Thank you very much for your help.多谢你的帮助。

B: Forget about it.不用谢。

②用于回答道歉,意为“没关系”。

如A: I'm sorry for what I said.我为我所说的话道歉。

B: Forget it!!don' t remember anyway.没关系,反正我也没有记住。

③用于表示否定或拒绝,意为“不行”。

如A: I'll take the small truck.我要开那辆小卡车。

8AU1Reading【知识梳理1】Betty is one of my best friends.(P8)贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。

one of意为“……之一”，常用结构为“one of +(the+形容词最高级+) 可数名词复数”，也可以接某些代词的宾格，该结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

It's one of my favourite movies.这是我特别喜欢的电影之一。

Only one of the answers is correct.这些答案中只有一个是正确的。

[拓展]类似one of结构的有：two/ three/ some/ few/many of 后面接可数名词复数或代词宾格，意为“……中的两个/三个/一些/很少/许多”，这些结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

It builds up trust between the two of you.它建立了你们两人之间的信任。

[巩固练习](1)英语是最重要的外语之一。

(2)我认为中文是世界上最伟大的语言之一。

(3)露西是我最喜欢的老师之一。

答案：(1)English is one of the most important foreign languages.(2)I believe that Chinese is one of the greatest languages in the world.(3)Lucy is one of my favourite teachers.[经典例题](1)Maths is one of Peter’s ______________ subjects.A.WorseB. the worseC. worstD. the worst(2)Beijing is one of ________ in China.A. large cityB. largest cityC. the largest citiesD. the larger cities(3)—Do you know Shanghai is one of _____ in the world?—Yes, it`s bigger than _____ city in Jiangsu.A. the biggest city; anyB. the biggest cities; anyC. the biggest cities; any otherD. the bigger city; any(4)We all know that Hangzhou is one of________in the world.A. the more beautiful citiesB. the most beautiful cityC. the most beautiful citiesD. the more beautiful city(5)The V oice of China became one of ________ TV ______ last year.A. the most popular, showsB. more popular, showC. much popular, showD. the popularest, shows答案：CCBCA【知识梳理2】Betty is generous.(P8)Betty很大方。

牛津译林版八年级英语上册Unit1-Reading知识点总结讲解八年级上册Unit 1 Reading 一、词汇二、短语be willing to do sth./be ready to do sth. 乐意、自愿做某事help sb. any time 在任何时候帮助某人（any time 前无at）三、句型（语法）1. Can I have some more food/apples?five more students / another five students; one more cake2. What about sb./sth./doing sth.?3. 区别nothing /nobody和none:4. They make him look smart. What makes your friend so special?make sb. (not) do sth. make sb./sth. + adj.5. be/get ready to do sth. be/get ready for sb./sth.6. Do you believe what he/she says? (his/her words)?7. 区别because / because of 和so8. agree with sb. /to do sth.9. She is willing to share things with her friends .be willing to do sth. = be ready / glad to do sth.10. be helpful to……11. give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth.12. She always gives seats to people in need on the bus .A friend in need is a friend indeed.13. She wants to be a singer when she grows up.14. When something worries me , I can always go to her.worry (v.) sth. worry sb. worry (n.) -- worries (pl.)worry about sb./ be worried about sb.四、重点词、句的理解、运用(语境中设计处理)1.Betty is one of my best friends. Betty 是我最好的朋友之一(1) one of …的意思是“.... …中的一个”，后面跟复数代词或可数名词的复数形式。

牛津译林版八年级上册英语Unit 1－4 知识点总结复习提纲8 A Unit 1 Friendsic strip(1)Can I have something to drink? (P. 6)something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式to drink作后置定语，类似的有something to eat (2)Can I have some more food? (P. 6)some more food意为“再来一些食物”，此处more表示“另外的、额外的”，通常与基数词或者some, any, many, much连用，构成“数量词+more+名词”结构，表示“再来…、还需…”。

【拓展】“数词+more+名词”相当于“another+数词+名词”。

例如：Would you like three more books? = Would you like another three books.(3)Maybe we can share it. (P. 6)①maybe此处作副词，意为“可能、也许”。

②share用作及物动词，表示“分享”，常用的结构为share sb. with sth.“和某人分享某物”。

2.Welcome to the unit(1)honest (P. 6)honest作形容词，表示“诚实的、正直的”，在句中，作定语或者表语。

【拓展】1.honest的反义词是dishonest，意为“不诚实的”。

He is dishonest.2.to be honest意为“老实说、坦白说”，To be honest, I don’t like the music at all.3.be honest with sb. “对某人诚实”You should be honest with your parents.(2)make me happy (P. 7)此句结构为“make+宾语+形容词”，这里的形容词作宾语补足语。

牛津译林版八年级上册全册语法知识点复习总结一、形容词的比较级和最高级1. 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物之间的比较，其结构如下：主语+谓语动词（系动词）+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。

2. 形容词最高级的由用法：形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较，其结构为：主语+谓语动词（系动词）+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

3. 形容词的比较级和最高级是在形容词原级的基础上变化的，分为规则变化和不规则变化。

①规则变化①不规则变化二、比较事物的数量1. 两者之间比较通常用more..than/ less... than 和fewer..than来比较两种事物之间的数量关系。

其中more... than之间加可数名间的复数形式或者不可数名词，less... than 之间加不可数名词，fewer...than 之间加可数名词的复数形式。

例：I has more apples than Lily.我的苹果比莉莉的多。

He eats less food than I for breakfast.他早饭比我吃得少。

Bobby has fewer books than Tim.波比的书比蒂姆的少。

2. 三者或三者以上比较通常用the most、the least、the fewest 来比较三者或三者以上事物之间的数量关系。

the most、the fewest、the least 分别是many/much、few、little 的最高级。

the most 表示“最…；最多”，其后既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词；the fewest 表示“最少”，其后接可数名词的复数形式；the least 表示“最少”,其后接不可数名词。

例：Jack gets the most points of the three boys.在三个男孩中，杰克的得分是最高的。

He has the least milk among them. 他的牛奶是他们之中最少的。

八年级上册Unit 1 Reading 一、词汇二、短语be willing to do sth./be ready to do sth. 乐意、自愿做某事help sb. any time 在任何时候帮助某人（any time 前无at）三、句型（语法）1. Can I have some more food/apples?five more students / another five students; one more cake2. What about sb./sth./doing sth.?3. 区别nothing /nobody和none:4. They make him look smart. What makes your friend so special?make sb. (not) do sth. make sb./sth. + adj.5. be/get ready to do sth. be/get ready for sb./sth.6. Do you believe what he/she says? (his/her words)?7. 区别because / because of 和so8. agree with sb. /to do sth.9. She is willing to share things with her friends .be willing to do sth. = be ready / glad to do sth.10. be helpful to……11. give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. pass sth. to sb. = pass sb. sth.12. She always gives seats to people in need on the bus .A friend in need is a friend indeed.13. She wants to be a singer when she grows up.14. When something worries me , I can always go to her.worry (v.) sth. worry sb. worry (n.) -- worries (pl.)worry about sb./ be worried about sb.四、重点词、句的理解、运用(语境中设计处理)1.Betty is one of my best friends. Betty 是我最好的朋友之一(1) one of …的意思是“.... …中的一个”，后面跟复数代词或可数名词的复数形式。

八年级英语总复习摘要供复习参考八年级英语总复习摘要(供复习参考)（语法部分）一、词汇词汇学习是英语学习的重要部分，掌握一定量的词汇是我们进行口头和笔头交际的基础。

词汇试题的主要测试内容为词语释义、词形转换和词语辨析等等，要求考生既要掌握基本词汇的意义，又要有运用词汇的基本能力，达到语言交际的目的。

(一) 词形转换1、名词的复数形式。

(1)规则变化：一般直接在词尾加s：pen——pens; table——tables①以s、x、o、ch、sh结尾加es:bus——buses; watch——watches, 但radio, photo和stomach后只加s, zero后加es或s均可。

②辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改i加es;city——cities; party——parties③以-f; -fe结尾的，改成v加es:knife——knives; wife——wives, 但roof后只加s。

(2)不规则变化：foot——feet; man——men; child——children; mouse－mice2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。

(1)规则变化：①单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er/ estsmall——smaller——smallest; clever——cleverer——cleverest②辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变成i加er / est:easy——easier——easiest; heavy——heavier——heaviest③词尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写该辅音字母加er/ est:big——bigger——biggest; hot——hotter——hottest④多音节词，在词前加上more/ most:slowly——more slowly——most slowly;interesting——more interesting——most interesting(2)不规则变化：good(well) ——better——best;many(much) ——more——most;little——less——least; bad (ill, badly) ——worse——worst;far——farther(further) ——farthest(furthest)4、基数词变序数词主要掌握1～12及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加th，是有规律可循的。