美国文学欣赏To_a_Waterfowl

经典英语诗歌 To a Waterfowl欣赏威廉•库伦•布莱恩特的经典诗歌《致水鸟》，是英美文学必考的诗歌。

今天店铺在这里为大家介绍经典英语诗歌 T o a Waterfowl欣赏，欢迎大家阅读！经典英语诗歌 To a Waterfowl欣赏To a Waterfowl——William Cullen BryantWhither, midst falling dew,While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursueThy solitary way?Vainly the fowler's eyeMight mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,As, darkly seen against the crimson sky,Thy figure floats along.Seek'st thou the plashy brinkOf weedy lake, or marge of river wide,Or where the rocking billows rise and sinkOn the chafed ocean-side?There is a Power whose careTeaches thy way along that pathless coastThe desert and illimitable airLone wandering, but not lost.All day thy wings have fanned,At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,Though the dark night is near.And soon that toil shall end;Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend,Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.Thou 'rt gone, the abyss of heavenHath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,And shall not soon depart.He who, from zone to zone,Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, In the long way that I must tread alone,Will lead my steps aright.威廉•库伦•布莱恩特《致水鸟》你要去往何方?露珠正在坠落，天穹闪耀着白昼最后的脚步，远远地，穿过玫瑰色的深处，你求索着孤独的道路。

美国文学史及作品选读练习1I. Match the works with the authors given below. (10%)Wigglesworth b. .Franklin c. John Smith d. William Cullen Bryant e. James Fennimore Cooper f. Philip Freneau g. Washington Irving1.( ) A Description of New England2.( ) Rip Van Winkle3.( ) The Day of Doom4.( ) Autobiography5.( ) The Wild Huoney suckle6.( ) To a Waterfowl7.( ) The Deerslayer8 ( ) The Thanatopsis9.( ) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow10.( ) The SpyII. Blank Filling. （20%）1.The first permanent English settlement in North American was established at________,Virginia.2.Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ________values that dominated much ofthe early American writing.3.The first American Literature was neither American nor really literature It was not Americanbecause it was the work mainly immigrants from __________.4.__________ was regarded as the “Poet of the American Revolution.”5.In American Literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of ________ and Revolution.6.Annabel Lee ,a poem from_____________ ,mourns the death of a beautiful girl .7.The first important American novelist is ____________.8._________was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after theRevolutionary War.9.The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is __________, who goes by the various namesof Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathinder and Hawkeye.10. Thanatopsis is Bryant’s best –known poem. The title of the poem means________.Choice （30%）1. The establisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist_________.A. John WinthropB. John SmithC. William BradfordD. John Goodwin2. The Puritan dominating values were:A. hard workB. thriftC. pietyD. sobriety3. Which writer is not a poet?A. Michael WigglesworthB. Anne BradstreetC. Edward TaylorD. Thomas HookerBradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “____________” who appeared in A merica.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse5. The ship “________”carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Pequodanother important colonial poet, achieved wide popularity among his contemporaries with his gloomy entitled “ The Day of Doom”.A. Edward TaylorB. Michael WigglesworthC. Anne BradstreetD. Cotton Matherwas the epitome of the ________.Enlightenment B. Sugar Act C. Chartist movement D. Romanticistfollowing proverbs------ There are no gains without pains.------ One today is worth two tomorrows.come from_________.A. Autobiography B Poor Richard’s Almanack C The Sketch Book D A Description of New England9. Much of the beauty of the poem__________ lies in the sounds of the words and the effect created through changes in rhythm.A. To a WaterfowlB. Thanatopsis C The Wild Honey suckle Indian Burying Ground10. _______usually start with standard characters----- the lazy husbands or the termagant wife.A. Washington IrvingB. James Fennimore CooperC. William Cullen Bryant D Philip Freaneau poem is not written by Freneau?A .the British Prison Ship B. The Wild Honey SuckleC. The Indian Burying GroundD. The Day of Doom12. _____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats13. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his litera ry imaginationcan hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected thebest classic style that American literature ever produced."14. In the early nineteenth century, American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothinghas left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did __________.A. PuritanismB. Romanticism C Rationalism D. Sentimentalism’s first collection of short stories is __________.A. Tales of a TravellerB. Leatherstoking TalesC. Canterbury TalesD. Tales of the Grotesque and ArabesqueIV. Decide Whether the Statements Are True or False.(10%)literature is the oldest of all national literature.2. The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part English.1620 a number of Puritans came to settle in Massachusetts .seventeenth century American poets adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strangely –new environment.Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack, he talked first of all about how he studied language..6. Philip was the first American Lyric poet of distinction , he could make his poems sing melodiesthat might be stately.Wild Honey Suckle was suggested by the fact that some Indian tribes buried their dead in a sitting. .8. The Last of The Mohicans were the best work by Adgar Allan Poe.wrote impassioned verse in support of the American Revolution.the poem Israfel , Poe expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature.V. Explain the following literature terms.(10%)PuritanismVI .Identification of Fragments. ( 4%)1. I had begun in 1733 to study languages; I soon made my self so much a master of the French as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the Italian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, used often to tempt me to play chess with him. Finding this took up too muc h of the time I had to spare for study, I at length refused to play any more…author:________________ work:_________________nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the sameThe space between , is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.Author:_______________ work: ________________VII. Read the quoted part and answer the questions: (16%). "Time grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village.Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work. (2%)2）Please give a summary of the story. 8%3) Give a brief analysis of the symbolic meaning of this work. (6%)参考答案1) This is an excerpt from "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. (2%)2) (a) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irving’s works. 1’ He was a good-natured man, a henpecked husband. 1’ (b) Because his wife’s shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. 1 ‘ When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mounta in, 1’ where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing nine-pins. 1’ Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years. 1’ (c) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own, 1’ and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject of the King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new . 1’ ( 8%)3).Rip Van Winkle has been seen as a symbol of several aspects of America. 1’ Rip, like America, is immature, self-centered, careless, anti-intellectual, imaginative, and jolly as the overgrown child. 1’ The Dame is ano ther symbol –of puritanical discipline and the work ethic of Franklin. 1’ The town itself is emproblematic of America-forever and rapidly changing. 1’ Washington Irving has Rip sleep through his own country’s history, and return to the “busy, bustling, d isputatious” self-consciously adult United States of America. His conflicts and dreams are those of the nation-the conflict of innocence and experience, work and leisure, the old and the new, the head and the heart. 2参考答案：I(10%): C. G A .B F 6-10 D E D G EII. (20%)1. Jamestown2. Puritan3. England4. Philip Freneau5. reason6. Adgar Allan PoeFenimore Cooper 8. Washington Irving 9. Natty Bumppo 10. view of deathIII. (30%) 1-5 B A D B C 6-10 B A B C A 11-15 D A C A DIV.(10%) F T T T F F F F T FV. (10%)1.Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. The Puritans were originally membersof a division of he Protestant Church. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles .Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to complete “purity”. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. Puritans’ lives were extremely disciplined and hard, but in the grim struggle for survival that followed after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical. As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literatureVI. (4%) Autobiography 2. Freneau The Wild Honey suckleVII. (16%)。

1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer。

2.The puritans looked upon themselves asa chosen people.is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.4.Thomas Paine’s famousboldly advo cated a “Declaration for Independence”。

5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams，Benjamin Franklin，Roger Sherman，and Robert Livingston.has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.7.In Washington Ir ving’sappeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novelsWilliam Cullen Bryant’s wok.is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories"。

10.Emerson believed above all inand self—reliance.11.deepest12.Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. 13.After his death，Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey。

美国文学1、Benjamin A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money> <Poor Ric2、Thomas P The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题> <Common Sense常识> <American3、Philip F The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲> <The British Prison Ship英国囚船4、Washingt A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作> <The Ske5、James Fe The Spy间谍> <The Pilot领航者> <The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿>6、William The Poems1821> <1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗> <Tha7、Edgar Al Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集> <Tales故事集> <The Fal Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗> <Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，8、Ralf Wal Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书> <The American Sc Concord Hymn康考德颂> <The Rhodo杜鹃花> <The Humble Bee野蜂> <Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事> <Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman B10、Henry D Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活> <Resistance to Civil Governme11、Walt Wh Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌> <I hear America Singi12、Herman Moby Dick> <The White Whale莫比·迪克> <白鲸> <Typee泰比> <Omoo奥穆> <Mard13、Henry W The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗> <Voices of14、John Gr Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题> <Voic Ichabod艾卡博德> <A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋> <A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴16、Frederi Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道17、Emily D The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth an18、Mark Tw The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙> <TheHow to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹> <A Modern Instance现代婚姻>21、Henry A History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Ma22、William Principles of Psychology心理学原理> <The Will to Believe信仰的意志> <Pragm23、Henry J小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐> <The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像> <The Bost评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家> <Hawthorne霍桑> <Partial Portraits不完24、Ambrose小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣> <Nuggests and Dust Panned out in Ca短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事> <In the Midst of Life在人生中间> <Can25、Edward Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年> <Equality平等> <The Duke o26、Edwin C The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles The Conjure Woman巫女> <The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Col28、Hamlin Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）> <Man Travelled Roads大路(The29、O·Henr The Man Higher Up黄雀在后> <Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith W The House of Mirth欢乐之家> <Ethan Frome> <Bunner Sister班纳姐妹> <The Age32、George Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰> <The Realms Being存在诸领33、William Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others)> <The Sup34、Edgar L A Book of Verse诗集> <Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）> <Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin A Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说> <The Town Down the River河上的城镇> <T36、Frank N Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）> <Mc-Teague麦克提格（37、Stephen Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写38、Theodor Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹> <Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘> <Trilogy of Desire欲望三部39、Paul La We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为“黑种人的桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate of the Neg40、Jack Lo The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤> <The Sea-wolf海狼41、Upton S Spring and Harvest春天与收获> <The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）> <42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学>（新人文主义43、Villa S O,Pioneers啊，先驱们> <My Antonia我的安东尼亚> <The Professor’s House教授44、Gertrud The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传> <Tender Button温45、Robert A Boy’s Wish少年心愿> <North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After AWest-running Brook西流的溪涧> <A Further Range又一片牧场> <A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwoo Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子> <Marching Men前进中的人们> <MiThe Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事> <Death in the Woods and Othe47、Carl Sa Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s> <In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮48、Wallace Harmonium风琴> <The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人> <Notes Toward a49、Henry L Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧> <The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学>50、William收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes> <Spring and All春> <The Desert Music> <The Journey of Love爱的历程> <Co 名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车> <The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨> <The Dead Baby> The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说> <In the American Grain美国性格> <Autobiography自传51、Sinclai Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生> <The Job求职> <The Main Street大先进> <Babbitt52、Ezra Po The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神> <The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选> <53、Hilda D Sea Garden海的花园> <Collected Poems(Dread山精> <Pear Tree> <Orchard)> <Th54、Thomas Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）> <The Waste Land荒原名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三> <Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案> <Family Reunion大团圆> <Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene 独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫> <The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢> <T多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）> <Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂> <The Emperor J 56、Katheri Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception> <The Jitting of Granny WeatShip of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）> <The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archiba Towers of Ivory象牙塔> <The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻> <Streets in the Moon广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落> <Airraid空袭58、Michael120 Million一亿二千万> <Change The World改变世界> <The Hollow Man空心人> <戏剧：Hoboken Blues> <Fiesta节日> <Battle Hymn歌> <Prletarian Literature in the United Sta59、E Cumin Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱> <The Enormous Room大房间> <XLI Poems诗60、Edmund Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行> <To the Finland Station到芬61、John Do The Three Soldiers> <Manhattan Transfer> <U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel>62、F Scott The Side of Paradise人间天堂> <The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉> <短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们> <Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事> <Ta 63、William The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）> <Soldiers’ Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月> <The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣> <As I lay dying当我垂64、Malcolm译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata> <The Dry Season> <The Exile’s Return流亡者的回归（研究“迷惘的一代”的65、Ernest In Our Time在我们的年代里> <The Torrents of Spring春潮> <The Sun Also Rise短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人> <The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获> <The Fift 政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富 回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Cr My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情书> <Praise for an Urn瓮颂> <For the67、Thomas Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流> <The短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James L Mulatto混血儿（剧本）> <The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声> <Dear Lovely Death亲爱的69、John St Cup of Gold金杯> <Tortilla Flat煎饼房> <In Dubious Battle胜负未定> <Of Mic短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山> <The Promise许诺,The Leader70、Nathana The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯> <The Day of Locust蝗71、James F Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根> <The Young Manhood of短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋> <Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记> <Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian The Children’s Hour孩子们的时光> <The Little Foxes小狐狸> <Watch on the R回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人> <Pentimento旧画新貌> <Scoundrel Time邪73、Cliffor Waiting for Lefty等待老左> <勒夫特> <Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱> <Till the Da74、Richard Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们> <Native Son土生子> <Black Boy> <黑孩75、Eudora 短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死> <A Curtain of Gree长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗> <Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻> <The Ponder Heart庞德76、Valdimi Lolita洛莉塔> <Pale Fire微暗的火> <The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais N The Novel of Future未来的小说> <Heida海达> <House of Incest乱伦之家> <Coll78、Issac B Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔> <The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族> <Satan in Gor短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎> <A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Night Rider夜间骑士> <At Heaven’s Gate在天堂门口> <All King’s Men国王的全诗集：Thirtysix Poems> <Selected Poems1923-1943> <Brother to Dragons> <Promised:Poems1954-剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯> <Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学> <Birth of Love爱之诞生(选自与逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tenness American Blues美国的布鲁斯> <Battle of Angels天使的战斗> <The Glass Menage81、John Ch短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式> <The Enormous Radio and Other Storie 长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle> <Scandal瓦普肖特纪事> <丑闻> <Bullet Park布利特公园> <Fal 82、Irwin S Bury the Dead埋葬死者> <Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮> <The Troubled Air混浊的空气> <Lucy Crown露茜·克朗> <Two We 83、Ralph E长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动> <Going to the Territory步入文学界84、Bernard长篇小说：The Natural天生运动员> <The Assistant伙计> <The Fixer装配工> <A85、Landall诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血> <Little Friend ,Little Frien小说：Pictures of an Institution学院小景> <The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女评论：Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代> <The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死86、John Be诗：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人> <The Dream Songs梦之歌> <P小说：Recovery复原 传记：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩87、Saul Be长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去> <挂起来的人> <The Victim受害者> <The Adven中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Situation Normal情况正常> <The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人> <All89、Robert 诗：Lord Weary’s Castle威尔利老爷的城堡> <Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale> <Walking in the Blue> <For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动90、J D Sal短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人 短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼> <Zooey卓埃> <Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者91、Betty F The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘> <It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活> <The92、Alex Ha The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯自传Roots根> <Hanning汉宁镇（自传体小说）93、Jack Ke The Town and the City镇和城> <On the Road在路上> <The Subterraneans地下居民94、Kurt Vo长篇小说：Player Piano自动钢琴> <The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖> <Cat’s短篇小说集：Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来(Report on the Barnhouse Effect关于巴恩95、Norman 裸者与死者> <Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨> <The Deer Park廘苑> <An American Dre96、James D诗集：Into the Stone钻入石头> <Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死(The Life长诗：Deliverance解脱诗论集：The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯> <Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph 长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规> <Something Happened出了毛病> <As Good as98、James B散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记> <Nobody Knows My Name> <Fire Ne小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁> <Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间> <Another Countr 短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角> <Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯> <黑人怨> <One Da 100、Flanne长篇小说：Wise Blood慧血> <The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走短篇小说集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人难寻> <Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的一名文：Good Country People善良的乡下人> <The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去> <Greenleaf 101、Willia Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中> <The Long March长途行军> <Set This House o102、Allen 诗集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他(America)(The Beat Generation垮掉的一代103、James 诗集：The Green Wall绿墙> <Saint Judas圣徒犹大> <The Tail and Eyes of a Li104、Edward The Zoo Story动物园的故事> <The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死> <Th105、Martin I Have a Dream> <Stride Toward Freedom迈向自由> <Strength to Love爱的力量>106、Gary S Riprap大卵石(Piute Creek皮尤特河)> <Myths & Texts神话与现实> <The Back Cou文集：Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水穷尽六章外一章> <The 107、John B长篇小说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧> <The End of the Road穷途末路> <The108、Tony M The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛> <Sula苏拉> <Song of Solomon所罗门之歌> <Tar Baby109、John U长篇小说：The Poorhouse Fair养老院义卖会> <Rabbit, Run兔子，跑吧> <Rabbit短篇小说集：Pigeon Feather and Other Stories鸽羽及其他故事> <The Music School 音乐学校> <P 评论集：Hugging the Shore:Essays and Criticism拥抱海洋：论文与批评诗集：Midpoint and Other Poems中点及其他诗篇小说：V> <The Crying of Lot 49 49号遗物的拍卖> <Gravity’s Rainbow万有引力之虹110、Joyce A Garden of Earthly Delights人间乐园> <Expensive People奢侈的人们> <Them>短篇小说集：By the North Gate北门边> <Upon the Swearing Flood洪水浪潮> <The Wheel of Love爱诗集：Anonymous Sins无名的罪孽> <Love and Its Derangement爱与爱的错乱> <Dreaming America梦剧本：The Sweet Enemy甜蜜的敌人> <Sunday Dinner星期天会餐> <Ontological Proof of My Existe 论文集：The Edge of Impossibility:Tragic Forms in Literature不可能的边缘：文学的悲剧形式> 111、Sam Sh剧本：Cowboys牛仔> <The Rock Garden岩石花园> <Cowboys #2牛仔第二号> <Chica112、Sylvia诗集：The Colossus巨人集> <Ariel阿里尔集(Daddy> <Lady Lazarus拉扎勒斯夫人)小说：The Bell Jar钟形玻璃罩（自传体小说）名诗：Death & Co死亡公司113、Philip短篇小说集：Goodbey,Columbus再见，哥伦布Letting Go放手> <When She Was Good当她是好女人的时候> <Portnoy’s Complaint波特诺伊的怨诉T 评论集：Reading Myself and Others评论自我与他人114、Le Roi诗集：The Dead Lecturer已故的讲师> <Black Magic黑色魔术(Incident事件)剧本：Dutchman> <The Slave> <The Motion of History历史的运动115、Marrie The Fireside Book of Children’s Songs炉边儿歌集> <The Paygroup Book儿童游116、Thomas Geography of a Horse Dreamer马塞梦测者的地理> <Angel City天使城> <The Toot117、Alice 长篇小说：TheThird Life of Grange Copeland格兰治科普兰的第三次生活> <Merid短篇小说集：In Love and Trouble相爱与苦恼> <You Can’t Keep a Good Woman Down好女人永不屈服诗集：Once有一次> <Revolutionary Petunias革命的牵牛花 传记：Langston Hughesr Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书> <The Way to Wealth致富之道> <The Autobiography自传识> <American Crisis美国危机> <Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃> <The Age o Ship英国囚船> <To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳> <The Wild Honeysu 作> <The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉佩奇的手稿> <Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者> <The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人的短诗> <Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响> < The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿> <A Forest Hymn森林赋> <Th 集> <The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌> <Ligeia莱琪儿> <Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗> <The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦> <The City i American Scholar论美国学者> <Divinity> <The Oversoul论超灵> <Self-reliance论自立> <The Transcendent 首开自由诗之先河青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗> <The Scarlet Letter红字> <The House of the Seven Gables有vil Government> <Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府> <A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Riversmerica Singing我听见美洲在歌唱> <When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时> <Democrati o奥穆> <Mardi玛地> <Redburn雷得本> <White Jacket白外衣> <Pierre皮尔埃> <Piazza广场故事> <Billy Budd比> <Voices of the Night夜吟> <Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗> <Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布奴问题> <Voice of Freedom自由之声> <In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作> <Snow-Bound大雪封门> <ThSwamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片> <The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚> <The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述> <My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由> <The life and the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的的跳蛙> <The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记> <The Gilded Age镀金时代> <The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆ce现代婚姻> < A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转> <A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客> <Through erson and Madison(历史著作)> <The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育意志> <Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称> <The Mea 像> <The Bostonians波士顿人> <The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事> <The Wings of the Dove鸽rtial Portraits不完全的画像> <Notes and Reviews札记与评论> <Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术ed out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉> <Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网ife在人生中间> <Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请 <The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事> <The Blis of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警长的儿女)(the pioneer of the color line oads大路(The Return of a Private三等兵归来)> <Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯> <A Son of t妹> <The Age of Innocent天真时代> <The Customs of the Country乡村习俗> <A Backward Glance回首往事eing存在诸领域（本质> <物质> <真理> <精神领域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge)> <Three Philosphical P s)> <The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国> <The Philadeph 上的城镇> <The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人> <Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成> <Collected Poems诗集gue麦克提格（naturalistic）> <The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）> <The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章> <The Open Boat小划子> <The esire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic)> <An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最Sea-wolf海狼> <White Fang白獠牙> <The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们> <The Iron Heel铁蹄> <Marti E 代表作家）> <King Coal煤炭大王> <Oil石油> <Boston波士顿> <Dragon’s Teeth龙齿古典文学教学> <The New Laokoon新拉奥孔> <Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义> <Democracy and Leade ’s House教授之家> <Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死nder Button温柔的钮扣修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后)> <Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的ee一株作证的树中的人们> <Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌> <Winesburg,Ohio> <The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯 the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事> <I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么tasy肆无忌惮的狂热> <The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二> <The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）> <The A es Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴> <Sunday M e尼采的哲学> <The American Language美车语言> <Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）> <Newspaper Days新闻f Love爱的历程> <Collected Poems> <Complete Poems> <Collected Later Poems> <Pictures from Brueghel布怨> <The Dead Baby> <The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲> <Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from > <Autobiography自传进> <Babbitt巴比特> <Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯> <Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里> <Dodsworth多兹沃斯> <It can’意像派诗选> <Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）> <Literary Essays文学论> <Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley> <A Few Don’ts rchard)> <The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）> <Tribute to the Angels天使颂> <The Flower ste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼> <A Game of Chess弈棋> <The Fire Sermon火诫> <Death bytail Party鸡尾酒会归途迢迢> <The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月斯蒂> <The Emperor Jones琼斯皇> <The Hairy Ape毛猿> <All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅 Granny Weatherall）> <Pale Horse,Pale Rider> <Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Sto 奇冤（回忆录）in the Moon月色中的街> <New Found Land新发现的大陆> <Conquistador新西班牙的征服者> <Poems1912-1952Man空心人> <Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）e in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）XLI Poems诗41首> <Viva万岁> <No， Thanks不，谢谢> <Collected Poems诗集> <Eimi爱米（访苏游记）d Station到芬兰站去> <A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思> <Axel’s Castle阿nd Parallel> <1919> <The Big Money)> <District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man 丽的和倒霉> <The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比> <Tender in the Night夜色温柔> <The Last Tycoon最后的巨头爵士时代的故事> <Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫> <May Days五一节> <The Diamond asAs I lay dying当我垂死的时候> <Light in August八月之光> <Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）研究“迷惘的一代”的专著）> <A Second Flowering第二次繁荣(The Other War另一种战争)un Also Rises太阳照样升起> <Farewell to Arms永别了，武器> <For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣者无所获> <The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇颂> <For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作> <Voyage航海> <The Bridge桥（长诗与河流> <The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石> <You Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得> <The Hills Beyond远山（未定> <Of Mice and Men鼠和人> <The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄> <The Moon is Down月亮下去了> <Cannery R mise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)y of Locust蝗灾之日> <Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说g Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判)> <Danny O’Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部ality文学与道德tch on the Rhine守望莱茵河> <The Searching Wind彻骨的风> <The Autumn Garden秋园 > <Tos in the Attic阁> <Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代<Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天> <Paradise Lost失乐园> <Golden Boy金孩子> <Clash by Night夜间冲突> ck Boy> <黑孩子The Outsiders局外人> <The Long Dream漫长的梦> <Eight Men八人行tain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他> <The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事> <The Gol he Ponder Heart庞德的心> <The Losing Battles失败的战斗> <The Optismist’s Daughter乐观者的女儿伦之家> <Collages拼贴Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷> <The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师> <The Slave奴隶> <The Manor庄园> <Th fka卡夫卡的朋友s Men国王的全部人马> <World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间> <The Cave洞穴> <Band of Angels天使的队伍Promised:Poems1954-1956> <You,Emperors and Others> <Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966> <Elven Poe Love爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的 Understanding Poetry> <Understanding Fiction)Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园> <The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车> <Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上io and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他> <The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和ark布利特公园> <Falconer鹰猎者露茜·克朗> <Two Weeks in Another Town> < Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声> <Rich Man,Poor Man> <E r装配工> <A New Life新生活> <God’s Grace上帝的恩赐 短篇小说：The Magic Barrel魔桶Little Friend小朋友，小朋友> <Losses损失> <Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖> <The Lost World失去的Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人r旋转炮塔炮手之死gs梦之歌> <Poems1942> <The Dispossessed被剥夺者(The Ball Poem小球诗)> <77 Dream Songs> <Berryman’s > <The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记> <Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊> <Herzog赫索格> 照的人> <All My Sons都是我的儿子> <The Death of a Salesman推销员> <The Crucible严峻的考验> <萨姆勒的女→自白诗运动s木匠们，把屋梁升高> <Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人的生活> <The Second Stage第二阶段(How to get the Women’s Movement Moving Again)妖> <Cat’s Craddle猫的摇篮> <Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场> <Mother Night黑夜母亲> <God Bless You,M ouse Effect关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告)American Dream一场美国梦> <The White Negro白色黑人> <Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告> <Why Are 淹死(The Lifeguard救生员)> <Helmets头盔> <Buckdancer’s Choice班克舞者的选择> <Poems1957-1967> <The I <As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好 剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文> <Catch-22> me> <Fire Next Time下一次烈火> <No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘> <The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工间> <Another Country另一个国度> <Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久> <If Beal 斯> <黑人怨> <One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候> <迷路前后Must Converg上升的一切必然汇合e者先进去> <Greenleaf格林利夫> <Revelation> <Parker’s Back派克的背This House on Fire放火烧屋> <The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特·特纳的自白> <Sophie’s Choice索菲的选ion垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作)> <Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他> <Plannet News行星消息> <The Fa Eyes of a Lion狮子的尾巴和眼睛> <The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断> <Shall We Gather at the River我密斯之死> <The Sandbox沙箱> <The American Dream美国梦> <Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚ove爱的力量> <Why We Can’t Wait?> <Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷The Back Country偏僻的山村> <Regarding Wave观浪(Meeting the Mountain进山)> <Turtle Island龟岛> <Left 尽六章外一章> <The Real Work:Interviews and Talks脚踏实地工作：访问记与演讲稿途末路> <The Sot-weed Factor烟草代理商> <Letters书信集> <Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯> <Lost in the 歌> <Tar Baby柏油娃娃> <Beloved> <Jazz爵士乐吧> <Rabbit Relax兔子回家> <Rabbit Is Rich兔字发财> <Centaur马人> <Of the Farm农场> <Couples夫妇> <T School 音乐学校> <Problems and Other Stories问题及其他故事人们> <Them> <The Assassins刺客> <Childwold查尔德伍德> <Son of the Morning黎明之子> <Unholy Loves不神<The Wheel of Love爱之轮> <Marriage and Infidelities婚姻与婚外恋<Dreaming America梦想的美国Proof of My Existence我存在的本体论证明> <Miracle Play奇迹剧缘：文学的悲剧形式> <New Heaven,New Earth:Visionary Experience in Literature新天堂，新人间：文学中的幻二号> <Chicago芝加哥> <Operation Sidewinder响尾蛇行动> <Meloddrama情节剧拉扎勒斯夫人)> <The Uncollected Poems杂诗集> <Crossing the Water涉水> <Winter Treesaint波特诺伊的怨诉The Breast乳房> <The Professor of Desire欲望教授> <Our Gang我们这一帮> <The Great p Book儿童游戏大全The Fisherman Who Needed a Knife> <The Thief Cather> <The Baby Reader幼儿读物> <Th 城> <The Tooth of Crime罪恶的牙齿> <Family家庭 (Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒> <Buried Ch 生活> <Meridian梅丽迪安> <The Color Purple紫色 名文：The Civil Rights Movement:What Good Was It n Down好女人永不屈服 散文集：In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens。

英语诗歌名句赏析英语诗歌名句赏析1. The wild honey suckle （野金银花）if nothing once, you nothing lose,for when you die you are the samethe space between, is but an hour.译：如果未曾拥有，也无所谓失去，因为生与死本来就没有分别，二者之间只是距离短暂的一瞬。

2. i wandered lonely as a cloud(我好似一朵孤独的云) ten thousand i saw at a glance,tossing their heads in sprightly dance.译：我一眼看到万朵水仙，愉快地舞动自己的花朵。

3. to a waterfowlthere is a power whose careteaches thy way along pathless coastand desert and inlimitable air,lone wanderring,but not lost.译：有一个神明为你指明方向穿过无尽的海岸和沙漠，还有广袤的苍穹。

尽管形影单只，但道路明确。

4. nature (thoreau)for i'd rather be thy child,and pupil,in the forest wild,than be the king of men elsewhere,and most soverigh slave of care.译：我宁愿是你的孩子和学童，在狂野的森林中；而不愿成为别处众人的国王，和烦躁十足的奴隶。

5. the lake of innisfree(yeats)and i shall have some peace there, for peacecomes dropping slow,dropping from the veils of morning to where the cricket sings;译：那里我将找到一份宁静，因为它将慢慢降临；它将从清晨的纱幕降临到蟋蟀歌唱的地方。

美国⽂学-复习资料+答案1.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _________ .the Transcendental Club2.______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. WashingtonIrving3.At nineteen___________ published in his brother’s newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle"satires of New York life.4.In Washington Irving’s work___________ appeared the first modern short stories and thefirst great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book5.The first important American novelist was____________. James Fenimore Cooper6.James Fenimore Cooper’s novel ___________ was a rousing tale about espionage againstthe British during the Revolutionary War.The Spy7.The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was_____________.The Pilot8."To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_______________’s work; it has been called by aneminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”William Cullen Bryant9.__________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the worldliterature.10.Edgar Allan Poe’s poem____________ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in theEnglish language.The Bells11.Edgar Allan Poe's poem____________ was published in 1845 as the title poem of acollection. The Raven12.From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ______.Civil DisobedienceBy the 1830s Washington Irving was judged the nation' s greatest writer, a lofty position he later shared with James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant.In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers was shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of Europe.As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists.At mid-19th century, a cultural reawakening brought a "flowering of New England". Romantic writers in the 19th century placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, James Fenimore Cooper made the America conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.No other American poet ever surpassed Edgar Allan Poe’s ability in the use of English as a medium of pure musical and rhythmic beauty.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories.Ralph Waldo Emerson was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement, but he never applied the term "Transcendentalist" to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson published his first book, Nature, which met with a mild reception.Ralph Waldo Emerson's prose style was sometimes as highly individual as his poetry.The harsh rhythms and striking images of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s writings belong to the milder aspects of the Romantic Movement.American romanticism was in a way derivative: American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature in general and in American poetry in particular.Henry David Thoreau was an active Transcendentalist. He was by no means an "escapist" or a recluse, but was intensely involved in the life of his day.The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.2. Transcendentalism took their ideas from___________ .A. the romantic literature in EuropeB. neo-PlatonismC. German idealistic philosophyD. the revelations of oriental mysticismABCD8. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the "highest power of the soul.”A. intuition10. Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New EnglandA. TranscendentalismB. HumanismC. NaturalismD. UnitarianismD13. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _________ .A. James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking TalesB. Henry David Thoreau’s WaldenC. Mark Twain’s Huckleberry FinnD. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet LetterABC14. A preoccupation with the demonic and the mystery of evil marked the works of_________ , and a host of lesser writers.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman MelvilleD. Mark TwainABC16. In the nineteenth century America, Romantics often shared certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following.A. moral enthusiasmB. faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC. adoration for the natural worldD. presumption about the corrosive effect of human societyABCD17. Choose Washington Irving' s works from the following.A. The Sketch BookB. Bracebridge HallC. Tales of a TravellerD. A History of New YorkABCD18. In James Fenimore Cooper's novels, close after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal , come the two noble red men. Choose them from the following.A. the Mohican Chief ChingachgookB. UncasC. Tom JonesD. Kubla KhanABIn 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet___________ to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward TaylorB. Philip FreneauC. William Cullen BryantD. Edgar Allan PoeC To a Waterfowl Thanatopsis21. From the following, choose the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe.A. To HelenB. The RavenC. Annabel LeeD. The BellsABCD23. Edgar Allan Poe's first collection of short stories is___________ .D. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque24. From the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poetry.A. being highly individualB. harsh rhythmsC. lack of form and polishD. striking imagesABCD25. Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Representative MenB. English TraitsC. NatureD. The RhodoraD26. Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Of StudiesB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Divinity School AddressA30. Nathaniel Hawthorne's ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories. Choose his short stories from the following.A. Young Goodman BrownB. The Great Stone FaceC. The Ambitious Guest ABCDD. Ethan BrandE. The Pearl32. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne_____________ in American literature.A. the largest brain with the largest heart34. __________ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville's stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the " man who lived among cannibals". Typee37. In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did__________ .A. Puritanism"The universe is composed of Nature and the soul... Spirit is present everywhere". This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England______ Transcendentalism43. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. Nature45. _________ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones" and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen.A. The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC. The Blithedale RomanceD. Young Goodman BrownBOnce upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door—Only this, and nothing more. "Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost.Edgar Allan PoeThe RavenDescribe the mood of this poem: A sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird. Work 3: Nuture1.As the leading New England Transcendentalist, Emerson effected a most articulatesynthesis of the Transcendentalist views. One major element of his philosophy if hisfirm belief in the transcendence of the "Oversoul". His emphasis on the spirit runsthrough virtually all his writings. " Philosophically considered," he states in Nature,which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism, "theuniverse is composed of Nature and the Soul. " He sees the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes the need for idealism, for idealism sees the world in God. "It beholds thewhole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. " Heregards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, andadvocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In thisconnection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one.Alone in the woods one day, for instance, he experienced a moment of "ecstasy" which he records thus in his Nature:2.Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinitespace, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.3.Now this is a moment of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with theoutside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscienceof the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transcended the limits ofindividuality and beome part of the Oversoul. Emerson sees spirit pervadingeverywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature. Theworld proceeds, as he observes, from the same source as the body of man. "TheUniversal Being" is in point of fact the Oversoul that he never stopped talking about for the rest of his life. Emerson' s doctrine of the Oversoul is graphically illustrated in such famous statements; "Each mind lives in the Grand mind," "There in one mind common to all individual men," and "Man is conscious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life. " In his opinion, man is made in the image of God and is just a little less than Him. This is as much as to say that the spiritual and immanent God is operative in the soul of man, and that man is divine. The divinity of man became, incidentally, a favorite subject in his lectures and essays.4.This naturally led to another, equally significant, Transcendentalist thesis, that theindividual, not the crowd, is the most important of all. If man depends upon himself, cultivates himself, and brings out the divine in himself, he can hop to become better and even perfect. This is what Emerson means by the "infinitude of the privates man. " He tried to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Men should and could be self-reliant. Each man should feel the world as his, and the world exists for him alone. He should determine his own existence. Everyone should understand that he makes himself by making his world, and that he makes the world by making himself. " Know then that the world exists for you " he says. "Build therefore your own world. " "Trust thy self!" and "Make thyself!" Trust your owndiscretion and the world is yours. Thus, as Henry Nash Smith ventures to suggest,"Emerson' s message was eventually (to use a telegraphic abbreviation) self-reliance. "Emerson' s eye was on man as he could be or could become; he was in the mainoptimistic about human perfectibility. The regeneration of the individual leads to the regeneration of society. Hence his famous remark, "I ask for the individuals, not the nation. " Emerson ' s self-reliance was an expression, on a very high level, of thebuoyant spirit of his time, the hope that man can become the best person he could hope to be. Emerson ' s Transcendentalism, with its emphasis on the democraticindividualism, may have provided an ideal explanation for the conduct and activities of an expanding capitalist society. His essays such as "Power", "Wealth", and "Napoleon"(in his The Representative Men) reveal his ambivalence toward aggressiveness andself-seeking.5.To Emerson's Transcendentalist eyes, the physical world was vitalistic and evolutionary.Nature was, to him as to his Puritan forebears, emblematic of God. It mediates between man and God, and its voice leads to higher truth. " Nature is the vehicle of thought,"and " particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts. " Thus Emerson' s world was one of multiple significance; everything bears a second sense and an ulterior sense. In a word, " Nature is the symbol of spirit." That is probably why he called his first philosophical work Nature rather ihan anything else. The sensual man, Emerson feels, conforms thoughts to things, and man' s power to connect his thought with its proper symbol depends upon the simplicity and purity of his character; "The lover of nature is he who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. " To him nature is a wholesome moral influence on man and his character. A natural implication of Emerson' s view on nature isthat the world around is symbolic. A lowing river indicates the ceaseless motion of the universe. The seasons correspond to the life span of man. The ant, the little drudge, with a small body and a mighty heart, is the sublime image of man himself.爱⼈者，⼈恒爱之；敬⼈者，⼈恒敬之；宽以济猛，猛以济宽，政是以和。

诗歌原文To a Waterfowlby William Cullen BryantWhither, midst falling dew,While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursueThy solitary way?Vainly the fowler's eyeMight mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,As, darkly seen against the crimson sky,Thy figure floats along.Seek'st thou the plashy brinkOf weedy lake, or marge of river wide,Or where the rocking billows rise and sinkOn the chafed ocean-side?There is a Power whose careTeaches thy way along that pathless coastThe desert and illimitable airLone wandering, but not lost.All day thy wings have fanned,At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,Though the dark night is near.And soon that toil shall end;Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend, Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.Thou 'rt gone, the abyss of heavenHath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heartDeeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,And shall not soon depart.He who, from zone to zone,Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, In the long way that I must tread alone,Will lead my steps aright.2诗歌中文在夕阳残照中间，冒着滴落着的露水，掠过玫瑰色的云端，你独自往哪里飞？[1]猎人休想伤害你，他觉察不到你飞行，你背负紫霭滑得疾，形迹模糊难看清。

1.Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written byBenjamin Franklin.2.Philip Freneau developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction,best illustrated in such nature lyrics as “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”.3.Ph ilip Freneau has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.4.In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modernshort stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 5.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William CullenBryant’s wok.6.“Thanatopsis, William Cullen Bryant’s best-known poem,consists of four stanzas in iambic tetrameter abab. The title means “view of death”.7.Edgar Allan Poe is considered “father of American detectivestories and American gothic stories”.8.Emerson believed above all in individualism, independence of mind,and self-reliance.9.In Walden, Thoreau thought it better for a man to work one daya week and rest six, and the rest of the time could be devotedto thought.10.Hawthorne’s stories touch the deepest roots of man’s moralnature.11.After his death, Longfellow became the only American to behonored with a bust in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.12.The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse.13.Henry James is famous for his international theme of thetradition less American confronting the complexity of European life.14. Jack London believed in the inevitable triumph of thestrongest individuals.Terms1.Transcendentalism2. Naturalism3. The Lost Generation5. Modernism6. Romanticism7. PuritanismIdentify the fragments.2. From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came;If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.(1) Who is the writer of these verses?(2) What is the title of this poem?(3) Give a brief comment on this poems.Answer:(1) Philip Freneau(2) The Wild Honeysuckle(3) Here Freneau offers a version of an abundant America with potential for providing a good life for all. The poem is also an indication of his dedication to American subject matter as he examined peculiarly American characteristics of the countryside.3.From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY HOLLOW, and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country. Drowsy and dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. Some say that the place was bewitched by a high German doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, that an old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his tribe, held his powwows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson.Question:(1) Who is the writer of this short story from which the passage is taken?(2) What is the title of this short story?(3) Give a definition of “short story”?Answer:(1) Washington Irving(2) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(3) A short story is a brief prose fiction, usually one that can be read in a single sitting. It generally contains the six major elements of fiction characterization, setting, theme, plot, point of view and style.5. To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generation the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these preachers of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile.Question:(1)This paragraph is taken from a famous essay. What is the essay?(2)Who is the author?(3)What does the author say would happen if the stars appeared one night in a thousand years?(4)Give a peculiar term to cover the author’s belief.Answer:(1) Nature(2) Ralph Waldo Emerson(3)Then, the men cannot believe and adore the God, cannot preserve the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown.(4)Transcendentalism6. Isabel always felt an impulse to pull out the pins; not that she imagined they inflicted any damage on the tough old parchment, but because it seemed to her aunt might make better use of her sharpness. She was very critical herself-it was incidental to her sex, and her nationality but she was very sentimental as well, and there was something in Mrs. Touchett’s dryness that set her own moral fountains flowing.Questions:(1) This passage is taken from a well-known novel. What is the name of the novel?(2) Who is the author of this novel?(3) Make a brief comment on the heroine of this novel?(4) What is theme of the author? Tell something about it. Answer:(1) The Portrait of a Lady(2) Henry James(3) She is one of the Jamesian American girls. She arrives in Europe, full of hope, and with a will to live a free and noble life, but in fact, she only falls prey to the sinister designs of two vulgar and unscrupulous expatriates, Madam Merle and Gilbert Osmond.(4) Jamesian theme refers to Henry James’s handling of his major fictional theme, “the international theme”: the meeting of America and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and Psychological complications arising there from.Give brief answers to the following questions.ment briefly on Emily Dickinson’s themes?(1)By far the largest portion of Dickinson’s poetry concerns death and immortality, theme which lie at the centre of Dickinson’s world.(2)Dickinson’s nature poems are also great in number and rich in matter. Natural phenomena, changes of seasons, heavenly bodies, animals, birds and insects, flowers of various kinds, and many other subjects related to nature find her way into her poetry.(3)Dickinson also wrote some poems about love. Like her death and nature poems, her love poems were original.(4)Besides deaths and immortality, nature and love, Dickinson’s poems are concerned about ethics, with respect to which, she emphasizes free will and human responsibility.4 Henry James is a great realistic writer. Name two of his major works. Do you know anything about his narrative point of view? What is it for? How does James employ it in his works? Briefly discuss this question.(1) Henry James’s major works include Daisy Miller and The Portrait of a Lady, etc.(2) One of Henry James literary techniques is his narrative point of view. As the author, James avoids the authorial omniscience as much as possible and makes his characters reveal themselves with his minimal intervention. So it is often the case that in his novels we usually learn the main story by reading through one or several minds and share their perspectives. This narrative method proves to be successful in bringing out his themes.6.Tell the differences between Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman (1)Emily Dickinson expresses the inner life of individuals, while Walt Whitman keeps his eyes on the society at large.(2)Emily Dickinson is regional, while Walt Whitman is national in his outlook.(3)Formally, Emily Dickinson uses concise, simple dictions and syntax, while Walt Whitman uses endless, all-inclusive catalogs.9. Jack Lon don’s themes(1) London was logically inconsistent in his viewpoint.On the one hand, he took faith in Darwin’s survival of the fittest, evolutionary concept of progress, and on the other hand, he embraced the socialists’ doctrines of Marx.(2) London wrote on many subjects and themes which centered around primitive violence, Anglo-Saxon supremacy(至上), biological evolution, class warfare, and mechanistic determinism. His heroes are physically robust and rugged but often psychologically harried(苦恼). His heroines are athletic, daring, yet intensely feminine. They are man’s intellectual equal and his e motional superior.。

英美诗歌简史美国英国诗歌简史诗歌简史William Cullen Bryant (1794--1878)W illiam Shakespeare (1564--1616)1. To A Waterfowl1. Sonnet 182. The Yellow Violet2. Sonnet 293. Sonnet 116Edgar Allen Poe (1809--1849)1. The Raven J ohn Donne (1572--1631)2. To Helen1. Death, Be Not Proud3. Annabel Lee2. A Valediction: Forbidding MourningHenry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807--1882)J ohn Milton (1608--1674)1. The Song of Hiawatha1. To Cyriack Skinner Upon His Blindness2. My Lost Youth2. Paradise Lost3. A Psalm Of LifeA lexander Pope (1688--1744)James Russell Lowell (1819--1891)1. An Essay On Criticism1. Biglow Papers2. Intended For Sir Isaac Newton in Wesminster-AbbeyOliver Wendell Holmes (1809--1894)T homas Gray (1716--1771)1. Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardJohn Greenleaf Whittier (1807--1892)W illiam Blake (1757--1796)1. Snow-Bound1. The Tyger2. LondonWalt Whitman (1819--1892)1. Leaves of Grass R obert Burns (1759--1796)2. I Hear America Singing1. My Heart's in the Highlands3. Song of Myself2. A Red, Red Rose4. O Captain! My Captain!3. For A' That and A'ThatEmily Dickinson (1830--1886)W illiam Wordsworth (1770--1850)1. Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Travelled Among Unknown Men2. The Soul Selects Her Own Society2. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud3. A Bird Came Down the Walk3. Lines Written in Early Spring4. Because I Could Not Stop for Death5. There's a Certain Slant of Light S amuel Taylor Coleridge (1772--1834)6. Again His Voice Is at the Door1. Kubla KhanG eorge Gordon Byron (1788--1824)Edwin Arlington Robinson (1860--1935)1. Don Juan1. Man Against The Sky2. Richard Cory P ercy Bysshe Shelley (1792--1822)3. Miniver Cheevy1. Love's Philosophy4. The Children Of the Night2. Ode to the West WindRobert Frost (1874--1963)J ohn Keats (1995--1821)1. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening1. On the Grasshopper and Cricket2. Neither Far Nor Deep2. Ode to a Nightingale3. The Road Not Taken4. Design E lizabeth Barrett Browning (1806--1861)5. Mending Wall6. After Apple-Picking7. Fire and Ice8. Once By the Pacific A lfred Tennyson (1809--1889)9. Birches1. Break, Break, Break10. Nothing Gold Can Stay11. Provide, Provide2. Crossing the BarCarl Sandburg (1878--1967)3. Eagle1. Chicago2. Fog M atthew Arnold (1822--1888)3. The Harbor1. Dover BeachEzra Pound (1885--1972)T homas Hardy (1840--1928)1. In a Station of the Metro1. The Darking Thrush2. A Pact2. In Time Of "The Breaking of Nations"T.S.Eliot(1888--1965)W illiam Bulter Yeats (1865--1939)1. The Love Song Of J.Alfred Prufrock1. The Lake Isle of Innisfree2. The Waste Land2. When You Are Old3. The Second ComingWallace Stevens (1879--1955)4. Sailing to Byzantium1. Anecdote of the Jar5. Leda and the Swan2. Sunday Morning6. Down by the Salley Gardens3. Thirteen Ways of Looking at Blackbird4. The Snow Man W ystan Hugh Auden (1907--1973)5. Peter Quince at the Clavier1. Musee Des Beaus ArtsWilliam Carlos Williams (1883--1963)D ylan Thomas (1914--1953)1. The Red Wheelbarrow1. Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night2. Spring and All3. This is just to sayP hilip Larking (1922--1985)E. E. Cummings (1894--1963)1. Church Going1.The Enormous Room2. Chanson Innocenter T ed Hughes (1930--)3. l(a1. Hawk Roosting4. In Just-5. anyone lived in a pretty how town S ylvia Plath (1932--1963)1. DaddyAllen Ginsberg2. Metaphors1. HowlS eamus Heaney (1909--Langston Hughes (1902--1977)1. The Negro Speaks of Rivers2. DreamRobert Lowell (1917--1977)1. Life Studies。

英语诗歌名句赏析1. The wild honey suckle （野金银花）if nothing once, you nothing lose,for when you die you are the samethe space between, is but an hour.译：如果未曾拥有，也无所谓失去，因为生与死本来就没有分别，二者之间只是距离短暂的一瞬。

2. i wandered lonely as a cloud(我好似一朵孤独的云)ten thousand i saw at a glance,tossing their heads in sprightly dance.译：我一眼看到万朵水仙，愉快地舞动自己的花朵。

3. to a waterfowlthere is a power whose careteaches thy way along pathless coastand desert and inlimitable air,lone wanderring,but not lost.译：有一个神明为你指明方向穿过无尽的海岸和沙漠，还有广袤的苍穹。

尽管形影单只，但道路明确。

4. nature (thoreau)for i'd rather be thy child,and pupil,in the forest wild,than be the king of men elsewhere,and most soverigh slave of care.译：我宁愿是你的孩子和学童，在狂野的森林中；而不愿成为别处众人的国王，和烦躁十足的奴隶。

5. the lake of innisfree(yeats)and i shall have some peace there, for peacecomes dropping slow,dropping from the veils of morning to where the cricket sings;译：那里我将找到一份宁静，因为它将慢慢降临；它将从清晨的纱幕降临到蟋蟀歌唱的地方。

1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765）American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱)Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical）2、The Enlightenment and Revolution PeriodBenjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war）American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature <The Sketch Book>短篇小说James Fenimore Cooper 历史，冒险，边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl><The Yellow Violet>美国山水，讴歌大自然，歌颂美国生活现实Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.”He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story.Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England TranscendentalismAmerican Transcendentalism (also known as “American Renaissance”) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点Henry David Thoreau------ Waldenhe regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.小说家：Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》Melville 怀疑，悲观，sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗诗人Longfellow《I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌Whitman （Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ）《Leaves of Grass》《One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》songDickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty4、The Age of RealismJames upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of manHowells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.<The Rise of Silas Lapman>Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism<Life on the Mississippi> <The Adventures of Tom Sawyer> <The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn >American Naturalism 自然主义（新型现实）Stephen Crane；《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimisticTheodore Dreiser；Sister Carrie；Jennie Gerhardt；An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)O.Henry (William Sydney Porter)：The Gift of the Magi；The Cop and the anthemJack London：The Call of the Wild；Martin Eden5、The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)The Roaring Twenties ，The Jazz Age ，“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot)现代主义小说家F. Scott Fitzgerald：《The Great Gatsby》被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征，以美国梦American Dream为主线。

美国⽂学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分Philip Freneau1.野⾦银花美丽的⾦银花，你粲然绽放于幽静⼀⾓。

芳菲满枝,⽆⼈垂顾，迎风起舞,⽆⼈注⽬。

游⼦从不践踏你的⽟体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。

造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸⼈的⽬光她赐予你⼀⽚绿荫葱葱她带给你⼀泓流⽔淙淙恬静的夏⽇倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，⽟殒⾹消妩媚动⼈，你却⽆法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，⼈间天堂也难免⼀⽇凋零，满⽬凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄⽩秋霜你终于消失得⽆影⽆踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇⼩的⾝躯你从尘⼟来，⼜归尘⼟去来时⼀⽆所有，去时化作尘⼟可叹⽣命苦短你终究红消⾹断Background: The short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law.Theme:the mutability of flowers and by extension the transience of human life. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings.Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.Rhyme and analysis: Form ?Four six-line stanzas ?iambic tetrameter 四⾳步抑扬格?soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong ? Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ? rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza --- “They died” --- begins with a “spondee”(two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poet’s eye, no longer a common flower.In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Nature’s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men’s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “future’s doom” of the flower --- even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not even the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flow er produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maidens head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in . The word “wild”implies herliving place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be app reciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.William Cullen Bryant（对死亡的冥想）热爱⾃然的⼈与世间万象, 有着⼼神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语⾔他⾼兴的时候，她声⾳喜悦, 微笑⾥透着⾼贵的美丽, 她潜⼊他隐秘的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明⽩她就将痛苦带⾛，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，寿⾐，棺罩,令⼈窒息的⿊暗，以及促狭的房屋使你瑟瑟发抖，并⼼⽣憎恨——去开阔的⽥野吧，去听听,⾃然的教诲，听听那从四野⾥——⼤地、河川和新鲜的空⽓中——传来的静谧⽽寂寥的声⾳——然⽽⼏天后，普照⼤地的太阳在它的⾏程⾥，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的⼤地你含泪苍⽩的形体停放之处,也不在⼤海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的⼤地要将你召回, 复归为尘⼟，消除⼈的痕迹你的个体将⾂服于此，你将永远与⾃然之中的万物共处去做⽆情的草⽊和磐⽯的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥⼟下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏橡树伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。

to a waterfowl赏析《ToAWaterfowl》是欧美文学家威廉哈代的一篇艺术作品。

哈代是十九世纪的一位著名的文学家，他的作品受到了国际学术界的广泛认可。

《To A Waterfowl》是哈代的一首十九世纪英语诗，诗中“一只鸟”是主人公，受到了哈代异常真挚的、永恒美好的情意所托,有一种淡淡的精神感染力。

在这首诗中，哈代试图把一只水鸟比喻成一个充满希望和生命力的物体，这样一来，它就尽可能地把它的口号“期盼上帝赐福”传达给读者，从而让读者思考、体会人生和信仰的重要性，同时也感受到生活的珍贵。

从第一句开始，哈代就给读者以一种隐喻：在诗的第一句中，他用水鸟的形象描述了一种朝气蓬勃的信念，那就是在上帝的赐福下，心中的希望和信念是永不衰减的。

和最后一句“期盼上帝赐福”一致，主题也得以完美体现，全诗以“期盼上帝赐福”为主题，不管外界怎样变化，只要心中有坚定的信念，就可以获得上帝的赐福。

文学分析有两个方面，一方面要求深入鉴赏诗的精神内涵，另一方面要了解诗的语言特点。

哈代的作品几乎都是以十九世纪英语来写成的，但是他擅长使用押韵，通过押韵，让诗给人一种充满韵律和节奏的感觉，让整首诗变得更加有诗意。

另外，哈代在调性、句式和结构上也做了极大的努力，这样就使整首诗变得简洁而有力，使读者能够更好地感受到作者表达的思想和精神。

除了诗歌美感，《To A Waterfowl》还宣扬着“期盼上帝赐福”的信念，它激励着人们心中更加坚定地坚持信念，它也向人们传递着对美好生活的期待，它让人们思考、体会到人生重要性，让人深深感受到生活的珍贵。

总之，哈代的诗作《To A Waterfowl》不仅向人们传递了期待信仰赐福的信念，更重要的是通过押韵、调性、句式和结构等方式，让读者能够更加深入地领略诗的雅致和美感。

“To a Waterfowl”is a poem by William Cullen Bryant that was first published in the North American Review in March 1818. English poet Matthew Arnold once acclaimed it as “the most perfect brief poem in the language.” In a winter day of 1815, Bryant, who was in a state of self-doubt and despair, made a solitary walk from Cummington to Plainfield, Massachusetts. At the close of that day, the poet saw a waterfowl flying in the sky. The sight of the bird and its flight became a great revelation to him and wrote this poem in memory of this experience.First Stanza – Where are you going?In the first stanza, the speaker addresses the bird, asking him where he is going and why it is alone. Now let‟s imagine if you are on a solitary walk in a winter day and you happen to notice a waterfowl flying alone “midst falling dew” at the end of the day. What kind of feeling you will have towards the waterfowl? Thus the author‟ purpose to arise sympathy with the bird is accomplished.As a matter of fact, the speaker‟s sympathy is not just with the waterfowl, but also with himself since he is alone just like the bird. The winter day, the setting sun, and the poet‟s gloominess adds a strong sentimental tone to this poem. <天净沙·秋思> 马致远枯藤老树昏鸦。