下载文档原格式
传感器技术习题及答案传感器技术习题及答案Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】传感器技术绪论习题一、单项选择题1、下列属于按传感器的工作原理进行分类的传感器是（ B ）。
A. 应变式传感器B. 化学型传感器C. 压电式传感器D. 热电式传感器2、通常意义上的传感器包含了敏感元件和（ C ）两个组成部分。
A. 放大电路B. 数据采集电路C. 转换元件D. 滤波元件3、自动控制技术、通信技术、连同计算机技术和（ C ），构成信息技术的完整信息链。
A. 汽车制造技术B. 建筑技术C. 传感技术D.监测技术4、传感器按其敏感的工作原理，可以分为物理型、化学型和（ A ）三大类。
A. 生物型B. 电子型C. 材料型D. 薄膜型5、随着人们对各项产品技术含量的要求的不断提高，传感器也朝向智能化方面发展，其中，典型的传感器智能化结构模式是（ B ）。
A. 传感器＋通信技术B. 传感器＋微处理器C. 传感器＋多媒体技术D. 传感器＋计算机6、近年来，仿生传感器的研究越来越热，其主要就是模仿人的（ D ）的传感器。
A. 视觉器官B. 听觉器官C. 嗅觉器官D. 感觉器官7、若将计算机比喻成人的大脑，那么传感器则可以比喻为(B )。
A．眼睛 B. 感觉器官 C. 手 D. 皮肤8、传感器主要完成两个方面的功能：检测和（ D ）。
A. 测量B. 感知C. 信号调节D. 转换9、传感技术与信息学科紧密相连，是（ C ）和自动转换技术的总称。
A. 自动调节B. 自动测量C. 自动检测D. 信息获取10、以下传感器中属于按传感器的工作原理命名的是（ A ）A．应变式传感器 B．速度传感器C．化学型传感器 D．能量控制型传感器二、多项选择题1、传感器在工作过程中，必须满足一些基本的物理定律，其中包含（ABCD）。
A. 能量守恒定律B. 电磁场感应定律C. 欧姆定律D. 胡克定律2、传感技术是一个集物理、化学、材料、器件、电子、生物工程等学科于一体的交叉学科，涉及（ABC ）等多方面的综合技术。
上海理工大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语1 Sentence Correction (10%)Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the intended meaning:l. I found the cat sleeping on the stove the dog was eating the morning meal._______________________________________________________________2. James Joyce’s Ulysses, a long and complicated novel and which is on our reading list, has been banned by the school board._________________________________________________________________3. A fter three hours o f practice, a large mug o f beer was what the thirsty dancers wanted._________________________________________________________________4. An i mportant thing for the student to rememb er is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize._________________________________________________________________5. To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase._________________________________________________________________II. Reading Comprehension (16%)Instructions: Read the following passages and tick the most appropriate choices:Passage A It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words:Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talkin g to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited speech located in the minute movements or tensions of the physiologi cal mecha nisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable fro m the skilful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply ide ntifiedwith using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and develope d if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find w ords we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal activities going on just out of range. Thinking, as it happens, is more li ke struggling, striving, or searching for so mething than it is like talking or reading. Words do play their part but they are rarely the o nly feature o f thought. This observation is supported by theexperi ments of the Wurzburg psychologists reported in Ch apter Eight who showed that intelligent adaptive responses can occur in probl em-solving situations without the use of either words or i mages o f any kind. “Set” and “determining tendencies” operate without the ac tual use of language in helping us to think purposefully and intelligently.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury or disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate c ontrol over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple eve nts which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games o f c hess or drau ghts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draughts play ing but are unable to use many o f the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Yet animals such as Kohler’s chimpanzees can solve problems by working o u t strategies such as the invention of i mplements or climbing aids when such animals have no language beyond a few warning cries. Int elligent or “insightful” behavior is not dependent in the case of monkeys on language skills: presumably human beings have va rious ca pacities for thinking situations which are likewise independen t of language.1. According to the theory of “thought” devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is(A) talking to the soul.(B) suppressed speech.(C) speaking nonverbally.(D) nonlinguistic behavior.2. Which of the following statements is true in the author’s o pinion ?(A) Ability to use language enhances one’s capacities.(B) Words and thought match more o ften than not.(C) Thinking never goes without language.(D) Language and thought are generally distinguishable.3. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts,(A) we merely report internal speech.(B) neither words nor imagery works.(C) We are overwhelmed with vague imagery.(D) Words often fail to do their job.4. Why are patents with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control over language?(A) They use different concepts.(B) They do not think linguistically.(C) It still remains an unsolved problem.(D) Thinking is independent of language.5. An appropriate title for the essay would be(A) Speech Disorders And Thought(B) Linguistic Abilities And Thinking(C) Language And Thought(E) Language And IntelligencePassage B A work of literature is a highly complex individual creation, modified by the culture of which it is a part, and by the history of that culture. The simplest lyric is so woven into the human condition through direct reference, through allusion, and through the acceptance or revision of traditional attitudes that no critical act can ever tear it co mpletely loose, add it up and dis pose of it as finished business. The interpretation of literature, even current literature, is a dialectic process that advances by the taking of emp hatic positions, which, in turn, prepare for still further countering.Nor is the process purely Hegelian, a mistaken turn may caus e one to lose ground; and besides, what critics are trying to illuminate m ay once, like Hamlet, have been clearer than it will ever be again. This is why you are never though with literature. Somethi ng is always being discovered that was never known, or was only half-known, or misinterpreted, or simply forgotten. And yet there is always av ailable, in varying degrees of clarity, a great body of literature which has proven itself to sensitive readers.The student who gets stone inkling of this will understan d why many o f the questions he has been asking are wrong or premature. He may begin to see that with literature as with his own personality, he is in the presence o f the mysterious, and that the clar ification of the former cannot be separated fro m the clarification of the latter. In neither case is co mplete clarification possible, nevertheless, one must keep driving toward the light, and if he is fortunate enough to move closer to the light, it will be a long converging l ines that c annot meet on this earth.Indeed, one of the i mportant things a student can learn in a literature class is to accept the partial knowledge that it is m an’s fate to have; and to accept it, not as an invitation to skepticism or despair, but as a condition under which he must work t oward a more co m plete knowledge. It is a liberating experience for students who have been nurtured too rigidly in an atmosphere o f certaintie s to discov er that it is possible to exist purposefully, and with such peace of mind as a man needs, in a word wher e much is doubtful, tentative, and in conflict.6. Because o f the co mplexities of even the si mplest theme, it is difficult for the critic(A) to isolate the various components.(B) to read and interpret literature.(C) to relate its co mponents to each other.(D) All of the above.7. According to the author, in interpreting literature one should begin with(A) a tentative question.(B) a statement o f purpose.(C) a tested hypothesis.(D) an emphatic assertion.8. According to the author, some literature does not lend itself to criticism because it(A) has been written in a foreign language.(B) is not truly literature.(C) may be clearer in itself than any analysis of it.(D) was written too long ago.III. Vocabulary (20%)Instructions: The following words or expressions indicated with the alphabetic letters fro m A to T are the synonyms or explanations of the underlined words in the sentences that follow. Put the letter in the blank in front of the sentence i f you think the word you choo se is an explanation of theunderlined one.A. i mprisonedB. beautifulC. deniedD. structureE. cutF. releaseG. coaxH.shockedI. approvedJ. conspicuousK. buildingL.trodM. coveredN. mark of disgraceO. CorrectP. appearingQ. criticismR. elevatedS. happinessT. stepping over________1. It’s the explosive pop culture taking the rest of Asia by storm.It’s the afterglow of South Korea’s astonishing World Cup run. At its mostintense, this euphoria would seem ready to bend even the sun’s rays to the twinaims o f reunification and peace.________2. Alas, for the time being, I remain incarcerated in the D MZ tour bus as it shudders along the absurdly named Freedom Hig hway.________3. What followed, according to several sources who were in the roo m last Thursday afternoon, wa s a jut-jawed, disjointed dis course with a tinge of diatribe and a crescendo o f podium pounding.________4. Nostalgia for that exalted status, hunger for i mperial gloire, is what animates French policy today.________5. I linger a hal f hour in these exquisite gardens, which depict the town and its environs in miniature.________6. He also reneged on a pro mise to finally start reforming Germany’s teetering social-security system, Instead, he biked premi ums by 1.3billion.________7. But a study released in November accused Italians of blatant neglect...Italian governments have long been stingy with fundi ng for cultural preservation.________8. Added to this uncomfortable notoriety was the stigmas of being a provincial tube of questionable political background.________9. Radical changes in its size, shape and makeup have left the region’s traditional fabric looking threadbare________10. Still, behind the scenes, he was desperately trying to cajole support from colleagues warily assessing whether the perfect s torm that had engulfed hi m would abate-or weep him into oblivion.________11. But the story was enough to unleash months of pent-up anger in Washington.________12. He’s always built cocoons to protect himself: first by forging a bond with his mother again st his father’s instability; later in his Ole Miss fraternity against the disorienting shock waves of the civil rights movement, and still later in elite Republican circles a gainst the left.________13. It is an engagement o f honor, not of love-her father sanctioned it on his death-bed, two years since-she herself neither we lcomed it, nor shrank fro m it-she was content to make it.________14. The extraordinary mixture of pro mpt decision, far-sighted cunning, and mountebank bravado in this speech, staggered me f or a mo ment-and only for a mo ment.________15. What emerged instead was a unipolar world, the U. S. bestriding the globe like a colossus.________16. The sky was streaked with vivid pinks fro m the last wisps of sunset, and dusk was settling over the earth.________17. With finals looming right around the way, I have to acquire the discipline to study, or I am going to sink deeper into th e slacker’s abyss.________18. l have not been trampled on. I have not been petri fied, I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded fro m ev ery glimpse o f co mmunion with what is bright and energetic and high.________19. The green eyes in the carefully sweet face were turbulent, willful, lusty with life, distinctly at variance with her decorous demeanor.________20. He fell upon his knees as if his legs had been mowed fro m under him.IV Cloze Test. (14%)Instructions: Fill in each blank with one of the given words in its appropriate form.stage, dedicate, go, fad, dates, mania, tails, wheelchairs, inexpensive, snake, both, suggest, equipment, necessity,Jogging and running have become more than a sport, more than a passing_________; they have evolved into almost a national_______ __. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports estimates that 6.5 millio n Americans jog, a third of them once or twice a week. Young men and women go out on jogging________. Middle-aged executives in running shoes and shorts, jogging at lunchtime, a re now a co mmon sight on city streets. An eighty-five-year-old Santa Monica grandmother has co mpeted in hal f-mile and one-mile race s. So me doctors _________ jogging as physical therapy for people who have had heart attacks. Even the nation's dogs have caug ht on and no longer bother to bark or wag their_________.Some o f the most serious and ________ joggers eventually evolve into marathoners. A marathon is a grueling race o f 26 miles, 385 y ards, named after the ancient Greek city o f Marathon. In 490 B.C, so the story _________, a long-distance runner ran the 26-odd mile s from Marathon to Athens to bring the news of a Greek victory in battle over the Persians. The most famous modem marathon is ru n in Boston, each year in mid-April several thousand men and women run a tortuous course fro m Hopkinton, Massachusetts, into down town Boston. In recent years, New York City has also _________ a marathon that begins on Staten Island and _________ through all five boroughs of the city before ending up in Central Park. The New York marathon even draws handicapped entrants who "run" t he c ourse in_________.Why have jogging and running become so popular? For ordinary joggers, at least, it is an easy and _________ sport to take up.It do es not require elaborate personal_________(only a good pair of running shoes), a long series of lessons, membership i n an athletic club, a long drive to the beach or the mountains, or the _________ of finding partners or teammates. One can simply go out and do i t, with a minimu m o f fuss. But beyond this, an increasing number o f A mericans are discovering that it _________feels good and makes se nse to take good care o f the only body any of us will ever inhabit.VI Writing一、The following are ineffective for various reasons. Revise them for the best co mmunicative effect. (30 points) 1.We have already spent so much money on special things this year. That is why I am against an expensive overseas vacation. And af ter all, there are so many fun things we can do in our own country. (4 points)2.Close to 100 water-color paintings that embrace the creative wisdom of master-hands and boast the magical bold brush of promising young artists are on display here. (4 points)3.The train is green and yellow and punctual. It plows through the swelter of the Korean countryside. (4 points)4. There is an iron pot that was hung over the fire. Bubblings and gurglings came forth out of that pot. There was also a vague sugg estive steaminess coming out. (4 points)5.I have a dream. My dream is that one day, even the state o f" Mississippi, will be transformed into an oasis of freedo m and justice. Mississippi is a state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression. (4 points)6. She grew up in Donora. It is a s mall town that is nestled in the rolling hills of western Pennsylvania. This is a place wh ere everyb ody relied for their living on the local steel mill. (4points)7. I have been sitting in utter idleness. I watched the sky. I also viewed the shapes of golden sunlight upon the carpet. It changes as t he minutes pass and lets my eye wander fro m one framed print to another. ( 6 points)二、Read the following passage and write an essay of about five hundred words, expressing your view on the event ( 60 points)“在我国的反腐倡廉斗争中，强调比较多的是那些把企业搞垮而自己犯法发财的企业家，即所谓的‘穷庙富方丈’，但我们国企改革及经济发展追求的又是消除‘穷庙穷方丈’。
第1章传感器的一般特性1、什么是传感器？由几部分组成？试画出传感器组成方块图。
2、传感器的静态性能指标有哪一些，试解释各性能指标的含义。
作业3、传感器的动态性能指标有哪一些，试解释各性能指标的含义第2章电阻应变式传感器1 说明电阻应变测试技术具有的独特优点。
(1) 这类传感器结构简单，使用方便，性能稳定、可靠；(2) 易于实现测试过程自动化和多点同步测量、远距测量和遥测；(3) 灵敏度高，测量速度快，适合静态、动态测量；(4) 可以测量各种物理量。
2、一台采用等强度梁的电子秤，在梁的上下两面各贴有两片灵敏系数均为k = 2 的金属箔式应变片做成秤重传感器。
已知梁的L = 100mm，b=11mm，h= 3mm，梁的弹性模量E=2.1×104 N/mm2。
将应变片接入直流四臂电路，供桥电压Usr =12V。
试求：⑴秤重传感器的灵敏度(V/kg)?；⑵当传感器的输出为68mv时，问物体的荷重为多少？[提示：等强度梁的应变计算式为ε=6FL/bh2E]3 一个量程为10kN的应变式测力传感器，其弹性元件为薄壁圆筒轴向受力，外径20mm，内径18mm．在其表面粘贴八个应变片，4个沿轴向粘贴，4个沿周向粘贴，应变片的电阻值均为120欧，灵敏度为2，泊松系数0．3，材料弹性模量E=2.1x1011Pa。
要求；(1)给出弹性元件贴片位置及全桥电路;(2)计算传感器在满量程时，各应变片电阻变化；(3)当桥路的供电电压为l0V时，计算传感器的输出电压解：(1).全桥电路如下图所示(2).圆桶截面积应变片1、2、3、4感受纵向应变；应变片5、6、7、8感受纵向应变；满量程时：（3）4、以阻值R=120Ω，灵敏系数K=2.0的电阻应变片与阻值120Ω的固定电阻组成电桥，供桥电压为3V，并假定负载电阻为无穷大，当应变片的应变为2µε和2000µε时，分别求出单臂、双臂差动电桥的输出电压，并比较两种情况下的灵敏度。
《传感器技术》习题答案目录第一章传感器的基本概念及一般特性 (1)第二章电阻式传感器 (3)第三章电容式传感器 (5)第四章电感式传感器 (6)第五章磁电式传感器 (8)第六章压电式传感器 (9)第七章光电式传感器 (12)第八章热电及红外辐射传感器 (13)第九章数字式传感器 (14)第十章气敏和湿敏传感器 (15)第十三章传感器的标定与校准 (19)第一章 传感器的基本概念及一般特性4.解：对于一阶传感器，其幅频特性为21j )()()(ωτωω+==k H A要求幅值误差不超过5%，即a (j )115%H X k ω=-=≤因为ω=2πf=200π，带入解得0≤τ≤5.23×10-4s = 523 μs5.解：一阶传感器，其微分方程为)()()(t x b t y a dtt dy a 001=+ 对照题目所给微分方程可见：a 1=1，a 0=3，b 0=0.15。
静态灵敏度00a b k =；时间常数01a a =τ。
于是可求得∴ τ=a 1/a 0=1/3=0.33 （s ）k=b 0/a 0=0.15/3=0.05 (mV/ oC )6./（）/由()k ω=()k k ω=令00f x f ωωτω=== （1） 当()0.97k kω=时 421.960.0630x x --=解得，23 1.99x =（舍去负值），即3 1.41x =（舍去负值） 301.4128.28f f kHz ∴==（2） 当()1.03k kω=时， 421.960.05740x x -+=解得，211.39()0.172x x ==舍去负值， （舍去负值） 110 3.44f x f kHz ∴== 22027.8f x f kHz ==所以，工作频率为0~3.44kHz ，27.8~28.28kHz 。
但由于27.8~28.28kHz 距离0f 太近，易引起共振，工程上一般不予采用，故最终的工作频率范围为0~3.44kHz 。
一、填空题（每题3分）1、传感器静态性是指 传感器在被测量的各个值处于稳定状态时 ，输出量和输入量之间的关系称为传感器的静态特性。
2、静态特性指标其中的线性度的定义是指 。
3、静态特性指标其中的灵敏度的定义是指 。
4、静态特性指标其中的精度等级的定义式是 传感器的精度等级是允许的最大绝对误差相对于其测量范围的百分数 ，即A ＝ΔA/Y FS ＊100％。
5、最小检测量和分辨力的表达式是 。
6、我们把 叫传感器的迟滞。
7、传感器是重复性的物理含意是。
8、传感器是零点漂移是指 。
9、传感器是温度漂移是指。
10、 传感器对随时间变化的输入量的响应特性 叫传感器动态性。
11、动态特性中对一阶传感器主要技术指标有 时间常数 。
12、动态特性中对二阶传感器主要技术指标有 固有频率 、阻尼比。
13、动态特性中对二阶传感器主要技术指标有固有频率、 阻尼比。
14、传感器确定拟合直线有 切线法、端基法和最小二乘法 3种方法。
15、传感器确定拟合直线切线法是将 过实验曲线上的初始点的切线作为按惯例直线的方法 。
16、传感器确定拟合直线端基法是将 把传感器校准数据的零点输出的平均值a 0和滿量程输出的平均值b 0连成直线a 0b 0作为传感器特性的拟合直线 。
17、传感器确定拟合直线最小二乘法是 用最小二乘法确定拟合直线的截距和斜率从而确定拟全直线方程的方法 。
18、确定一阶传感器输入信号频率范围的方法是由一阶传感器频率传递函数 ω(jω)=K/(1+jωτ),确定输出信号失真、测量结果在所要求精度的工作段，即由B/A=K/(1+(ωτ)2)1/2,从而确定ω，进而求出f=ω/(2π)。
Y K X ∆=∆CN M K =max max 100%100%H H F S F S H H Y Y δδ••∆∆=±⨯=±⨯2或23100%K F S Y δδδ•-=±⨯•∆⨯0F S100%Y Y 零漂＝max 100%F S T Y •⨯∆∆ max *100%L F S Y Y σ•∆=±19、确定一阶传感器输入信号频率范围的方法是由一阶传感器频率传递函数ω(jω)=K/(1+jωτ),确定输出信号失真、测量结果在所要求精度的工作段，即由B/A=K/(1+(ωτ)2)1/2,从而确定ω，进而求出f=ω/(2π)。
一：填空题（每空 1 分）1.依据传感器的工作原理，传感器分敏感元件，转换元件，测量电路三个部分组成。
2.半导体应变计应用较普遍的有体型、薄膜型、扩散型、外延型等。
3.光电式传感器是将光信号转换为电信号的光敏元件，根据光电效应可以分为外光电效应，内光电效应，热释电效应三种。
4.光电流与暗电流之差称为光电流。
5.光电管的工作点应选在光电流与阳极电压无关的饱和区域内。
6.金属丝应变传感器设计过程中为了减少横向效应，可采用直线栅式应变计和箔式应变计结构。
7.反射式光纤位移传感器在位移-输出曲线的前坡区呈线性关系，在后坡区与距离的平方成反比关系。
8.根据热敏电阻的三种类型，其中临界温度系数型最适合开关型温度传感器。
9.灵敏度是描述传感器的输出量对输入量敏感程度的特性参数。
其定义为：传感器输出量的变化值与相应的被测量的变化值之比，用公式表示 k（x）=Δy/Δx 。
10.线性度是指传感器的输出量与输入量之间是否保持理想线性特性的一种度量。
按照所依据的基准之线的不同，线性度分为理论线性度、端基线性度、独立线性度、最小二乘法线性度等。
最常用的是最小二乘法线性度。
11.根据敏感元件材料的不同，将应变计分为金属式和半导体式两大类。
12.利用热效应的光电传感器包含光---热、热---电两个阶段的信息变换过程。
13.应变传感器设计过程中，通常需要考虑温度补偿，温度补偿的方法电桥补偿法、计算机补偿法、应变计补偿法、热敏电阻补偿法。
14.应变式传感器一般是由电阻应变片和测量电路两部分组成。
15.传感器的静态特性有灵敏度、线性度、灵敏度界限、迟滞差和稳定性。
16.在光照射下，电子逸出物体表面向外发射的现象称为外光电效应，入射光强改变物质导电率的物理现象称为内光电效应。
17.光电管是一个装有光电阴极和阳极的真空玻璃管。
18.光电管的频率响应是指一定频率的调制光照射时光电输出的电流随频率变化的关系，与其物理结构、工作状态、负载以及入射光波长等因素有关。
一、填空题（每题3分）1、传感器静态性是指 传感器在被测量的各个值处于稳定状态时 ，输出量和输入量之间的关系称为传感器的静态特性。
2、静态特性指标其中的线性度的定义是指 。
3、静态特性指标其中的灵敏度的定义是指 。
4、静态特性指标其中的精度等级的定义式是 传感器的精度等级是允许的最大绝对误差相对于其测量范围的百分数 ，即A ＝ΔA/Y FS ＊100％。
5、最小检测量和分辨力的表达式是 。
6、我们把 叫传感器的迟滞。
7、传感器是重复性的物理含意是。
8、传感器是零点漂移是指 。
9、传感器是温度漂移是指。
10、 传感器对随时间变化的输入量的响应特性 叫传感器动态性。
11、动态特性中对一阶传感器主要技术指标有 时间常数 。
12、动态特性中对二阶传感器主要技术指标有 固有频率 、阻尼比。
13、动态特性中对二阶传感器主要技术指标有固有频率、 阻尼比。
14、传感器确定拟合直线有 切线法、端基法和最小二乘法 3种方法。
15、传感器确定拟合直线切线法是将 过实验曲线上的初始点的切线作为按惯例直线的方法 。
16、传感器确定拟合直线端基法是将 把传感器校准数据的零点输出的平均值a 0和滿量程输出的平均值b 0连成直线a 0b 0作为传感器特性的拟合直线 。
17、传感器确定拟合直线最小二乘法是 用最小二乘法确定拟合直线的截距和斜率从而确定拟全直线方程的方法 。
18、确定一阶传感器输入信号频率范围的方法是由一阶传感器频率传递函数 ω(jω)=K/(1+jωτ),确定输出信号失真、测量结果在所要求精度的工作段，即由B/A=K/(1+(ωτ)2)1/2,从而确定ω，进而求出f=ω/(2π)。
Y K X ∆=∆CN M K =max max 100%100%H H F S F S H H Y Y δδ••∆∆=±⨯=±⨯2或23100%K F S Y δδδ•-=±⨯•∆⨯0F S100%Y Y 零漂＝max 100%F S T Y •⨯∆∆ max *100%L F S Y Y σ•∆=±19、确定一阶传感器输入信号频率范围的方法是由一阶传感器频率传递函数ω(jω)=K/(1+jωτ),确定输出信号失真、测量结果在所要求精度的工作段，即由B/A=K/(1+(ωτ)2)1/2,从而确定ω，进而求出f=ω/(2π)。
第1章传感器的一般特性1、什么是传感器？由几部分组成？试画出传感器组成方块图。
2、传感器的静态性能指标有哪一些，试解释各性能指标的含义。
作业3、传感器的动态性能指标有哪一些，试解释各性能指标的含义第2章电阻应变式传感器1 说明电阻应变测试技术具有的独特优点。
(1)这类传感器结构简单，使用方便，性能稳定、可靠；(2)易于实现测试过程自动化和多点同步测量、远距测量和遥测；(3)灵敏度高，测量速度快，适合静态、动态测量；(4)可以测量各种物理量。
2、一台采用等强度梁的电子秤，在梁的上下两面各贴有两片灵敏系数均为k = 2 的金属箔式应变片做成秤重传感器。
已知梁的L = 100mm，b=11mm，h= 3mm，梁的弹性模量E=2.1×104 N/mm2。
将应变片接入直流四臂电路，供桥电压Usr =12V。
试求：⑴秤重传感器的灵敏度(V/kg)?；⑵当传感器的输出为68mv时，问物体的荷重为多少？[提示：等强度梁的应变计算式为ε=6FL/bh2E]3 一个量程为10kN的应变式测力传感器，其弹性元件为薄壁圆筒轴向受力，外径20mm，内径18mm．在其表面粘贴八个应变片，4个沿轴向粘贴，4个沿周向粘贴，应变片的电阻值均为120欧，灵敏度为2，泊松系数0．3，材料弹性模量E=2.1x1011Pa。
要求；(1)给出弹性元件贴片位置及全桥电路;(2)计算传感器在满量程时，各应变片电阻变化；(3)当桥路的供电电压为l0V时，计算传感器的输出电压解：(1).全桥电路如下图所示(2).圆桶截面积应变片1、2、3、4感受纵向应变；应变片5、6、7、8感受纵向应变；满量程时：（3）4、以阻值R=120Ω，灵敏系数K=2.0的电阻应变片与阻值120Ω的固定电阻组成电桥，供桥电压为3V，并假定负载电阻为无穷大，当应变片的应变为2µε和2000µε时，分别求出单臂、双臂差动电桥的输出电压，并比较两种情况下的灵敏度。
传感器应⽤技术A卷（有答案）1.依据传感器的⼯作原理，传感器分敏感元件，转换元件，测量电路三个部分组成。
2.半导体应变计应⽤较普遍的有体型、薄膜型、扩散型、外延型等。
3.根据热敏电阻的三种类型，其中临界温度系数型最适合开关型温度传感器。
4.根据敏感元件材料的不同，将应变计分为⾦属式和半导体式两⼤类。
5.应变式传感器⼀般是由电阻应变⽚和测量电路两部分组成。
6.光电倍增管是利⽤⼆次电⼦释放效应，将光电流在管内部进⾏放⼤。
它由光电阴极、若⼲倍增极和阳极三部分组成。
7.光强调制型光纤传感器利⽤（1）光纤微弯效应（2）被测信号改变光纤对光波的吸收特性（3）被测信号改变光纤的折射率（4）两相位光纤间通过有倏逝波的耦合（5）发送光纤与接收光纤之间相对横向或纵向位移以改变接收光强五种⽅式来实现光强调制。
8.根据传感器感知外界信息所依据的基本效应，可将传感器分为三⼤类，分别是：物理传感器、化学传感器、⽣物传感器。
9.⼀个⾼阶系统的传感器总可以看成是由若⼲个零阶系统、⼀阶和⼆阶系统组合⽽成的。
10.应变计的粘贴对粘贴剂的要求主要有：有⼀定的粘贴强度；能准确传递应变；蠕变⼩；机械滞后⼩；耐疲劳性好具有⾜够的稳定性能；对弹性元件和应变计不产⽣化学腐蚀作⽤；有适当的储存期；应有较⼤的温度适⽤范围。
⼆、选择题（每题分共分）1. 变⽓隙式⾃感传感器，当街铁移动靠近铁芯时，铁芯上的线圈电感量（ A ）A.增加B.减⼩C.不变D.先增⼤后减⼩2. 仪表的精度等级是⽤仪表的（ C ）来表⽰的A.相对误差B.绝对误差C.引⽤误差D.操作误差3. 电容传感器的输⼊被测量与输出被测量间的关系，除（ B ）外是线性的。
A.变⾯积型B.变极距型C.变介电常数型D.变结构形式4. 变⾯积式⾃感传感器，当衔铁移动使磁路中空⽓缝隙的⾯积增⼤时，铁⼼上线圈的电感量（ A ）。
A.增⼤B.减⼩C.不变D.先增⼤后减⼩5. 平⾏极板电容传感器的输⼊被测量与输出电容值之间的关系中，（ A ）是线性的关系。
. 一、填空题（本大题共12小题，共20个填空，每空1分， 共20分，请在每小题的横线上填上正确答案，填错或不填均不得分。
）1. 传感器一般由 敏感元件 、 转换元件 和 基本转换电路 三部分组成。
2. 要实现不失真测量，检测系统的幅频特性应为 常数 ，相频特性应为 线性 。
3. 某传感器为一阶系统，当受阶跃信号作用时，在t=0时，输出为10mV ；t→∞时，输出为100mV ；在t=5s 时，输出为50mV ，则该传感器的时间常数为：8.5s 。
4. 产生电阻应变片温度误差的主要因素有 电阻温度系数 的影响和 试件材料和电阻丝材料的线膨胀系数 的影响。
5. 应变式传感器是由 弹性元件 和电阻应变片及一些附件组成的。
6. 直线的电阻丝绕成敏感栅后长度相同但应变不同，圆弧部分使灵敏度K 下降了，这种现象称为 横向 效应。
7. 电感式传感器是利用线圈 自感系数 或 互感系数 的变化实现测量的一种装置。
8. 电容式传感器从原理上可分为 变极距型 、 变面积型 和 变介质型 三种基本类型。
9. 霍尔元件的零位误差主要包括 不等位电势 及 寄生直流电动势 。
10. 按照工作原理的不同，可将光电式传感器分为 光电效应传感器 、 红外热释电探测器 、固体图像传感器、光纤传感器等四大类。
11. 光电式传感器由 光路 及电路两部分组成。
厦门大学《传感器原理与技术》课程试卷 物理与机电工程学院机电系12年级测控技术与仪器专业主考教师：王凌云 试卷类型：（A 卷）二、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题1.5分，共18分，在每小题列出的答案中有一个或多个选项符合题目要求，请将正确地字母填在题后的括号内，错选、多选和未选均不得分。
）1.传感器按其敏感的工作原理，可以分为物理型、化学型和（ A ）三大类。
A. 生物型B. 电子型C. 材料型D. 薄膜型2.传感技术的地位和作用主要体现在：( ABCD )A．传感技术是产品检验和质量控制的重要手段B. 传感技术在系统安全经济运行监测中得到广泛应用C．传感技术及装置是自动化系统不可缺少的组成部分D. 传感技术的完善和发展推动着现代科学技术的进步3.传感技术的发展趋势主要表现在以下哪几个方面：( ABCD )A．提高与改善传感器的技术性能B．开展基础理论研究C．传感器的集成化 D．传感器的智能化4.传感器的下列指标全部属于其静态特性的是（ C ）。
