专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解(十九)

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷190(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.2 percent in 2008. Some analysts believe that if the trend continues for much longer, further consolidation in the automotive sector(already under competitive pressure)is likely. (4)Japanese demographics have something to do with the problem. The country’s urban population has grown by nearly 20 percent since 1990, and most city dwellers use mass transit(the country’s system is one of the best developed in the world)on a daily basis, making it less essential to own a car. Experts say Europe, where the car market is also quite mature, may be in for a similar shift.(5)But in Japan, the “demotorization”process, or kuruma banare, is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17,000 car in Japan are 4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U.K., according to JAMA. “Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modern lifestyle that we aspired for,”says Kitamura. For today’s young people, he argues, “such thinking is completely gone.”(6)Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,500, during the same period.(7)For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. “Japan is the world’s second largest market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It’s important,”says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force. (8)While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotional blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony’s PlayStation, for example, offers players the chance to virtually drive the company’s latest sporty model, the GT-R—a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It’s a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked for Apple, but then Apple is so 21st century.1．It can be inferred from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that _____.A．Japanese carmakers develop technology in overseas marketB．the young in Japan have little interest in having a carC．Japan’s minicar industry didn’t lose its market shareD．Japan can be regarded as a nation at the wheel正确答案：A解析：第7段第3句提到，日本主要在国内市场创新技术，A与原文不符，故为答案。

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷194(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1)It’s hard to miss them: the epitome of casual “geek chic” and organized within the warranty of their Palm Pilots, they sip labor-intensive caf6 lattes, chat on sleek cell phones and ponder the road to enlightenment. In the US they worry about the environment as they drive their gas-guzzling sports utility vehicles to emporiums of haute design to buy a $50 titanium spatula; they think about their tech stocks as they explore specialty shops for Tibetan artifacts in Everest-worthy hiking boots. They think nothing of laying out $5 for a wheat grass muff, much less $500 for some alternative rejuvenation at the day-spa—but don’t talk about raising their taxes.(2)They are “Bourgeois Bohemians”—or “Bobos”—and they’re the new “enlightened elite”of the information age, their lucratively busy lives a seeming synthesis of comfort and conscience, corporate success and creative rebellion. Well-educated thirty-to-forty something, they have forged a new social ethos from a logic-defying fusion of 1960s counter-culture and 1980s entrepreneurial materialism.(3)Combining the free-spirited, artistic rebelliousness of the Bohemian beatnik or hippie with the worldly ambitions of their bourgeois corporate forefathers, the Bobo is a comfortable contortion of caring capitalism. “It’s not about making money; it’s about doing something you love. Life should be an extended hobby. It’s all about working for a company as cool as you are.”(4)It is a world inhabited by dotcom millionaires, management consultants, “culture industry”entrepreneurs and all manner of media folk, most earning upwards of $100,000 a year—their money an incidental byproduct of their maverick mores, the kind of money they happen to earn while they are pursuing their creative vision. Often sporting such unconventional job titles as “creative paradox”, “corporate jester” or “learning person”, Bobos work with a monk-like self-discipline because they view their jobs as intellectual, even spiritual. It is a reverse the Midas touch: everything a Bobo touches turns to spirituality, everything has to be about enlightenment. Even their jobs are a mission to improve the world. (5)It is now impossible to tell an espresso-sipping artist from a cappuccino-gulping banker, but it isn’t just a matter of style. If you investigate people’s attitudes towards sex, morality, leisure time and work, it is getting harder and harder to separate the anti-establishment renegade from the pro-establishment company man. Most people seemed to have rebel attitudes and social-climbing attitudes all scrambled together. (6)These Bobos are just normal middle-classpeople who are living out a protracted adolescence. Their political interests are either “intensely close and personal”(abortion or gun control), or very remote(the rainforests, Tibet or Third World poverty). But they will most likely express their conscience in their consumerism, relieved to be helping someone somewhere by collecting the hand-carved artifacts of distant cultures. (7)Motivated by spiritual participation, but cautious of moral crusades and religious enthusiasms, they tolerate a little lifestyle experimentation, so long as it is done safely and moderately. They are offended by concrete wrongs, such as cruelty and racial injustice, but are relatively unmoved by lies or transgressions that don’t seem to do anyone any obvious harm. (8)It is an elite mat has been raised to oppose elites. They are by instinct anti-establishmentarian, yet in some sense they have become a new establishment. They are prosperous without seeming greedy; they have pleased their elders, without seeming conformists; they have risen toward the top without too obviously looking down on those below.1．Bobos do all of the following EXCEPT ______.A．buying stylish mobile phonesB．relying on new technologies to get organizedC．driving battery-powered utility vehiclesD．worrying about environmental issues正确答案：C解析：第1段第2句表明C中的battery-powered ulility vehicles与原文不符，故选C。

专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解(五)Text AFRANKFURT—I bumped down in Frankfurt at 10:55 AM. A German landing, I thought—unsubtle and punctual.The sky was clear, an un-German sky, and the colors that assailed me were pink (Deutsche Telekom), yellow (Lufthansa) and gray: cool colors at some remove from Caspar David Friedrich's ecstatic dusks in the forests of Gothic gloom.Friedrich's passionate romanticism is under control these days in a Germany that has become reassuring to the point of dullness. Europe's most powerful nation is electing its leader Sunday—and nobody really cares."Welcome to the most boring German election ever," former foreign minister Joschka Fischer told me by way of greeting.That was enough to compel me to write about the miracle of German dullness. It is the cause for hope, a commodity the commodity-rich Middle East does not trade in.The drudgery is also the cause for concern: more on that later.Lest anyone forget, the world spent a goodly chunk of the last century agonizing over the German question, ruining the proximity of the Polish border to Berlin, digesting the crime. It's just 20 years since this country was made whole and, with it, Europe. Now mighty Germany chooses its chancellor and, for all people seem to care, the election might be for the Wurzburg city council.It's not true that everything changes so that everything can remain the same. The German demon got extirpated by American tutelage, European convergence and the rule of law.Modern Germany, the Johnny-come-lately of European powers, settled down. The German frisson faded to a yawn.Perhaps Barbel Bohley, the former East German dissident, summed up the experience, and let-down, of unification best: "We wanted justice and we got the rule of law." Another protest leader, Joachim Gauck, ran her close: "We dreamed of paradise and woke up in North-Rhine Westphalia."Such is the way of adrenalin. It dissipates.And along comes Angela Merkel, the adrenalin-free Ossi, who has been a chancellor ofunmemorable steadiness, and who, barring an upset, will be re-elected as the head of hercenter-right Christian Democratic Union.Merkel has been a leader in the image of a settled Germany. Everything about her screams drama over—Brandt on his knees in the Warsaw ghetto; chain-smoking Schmidt ("a politician with vision needs to see an ophthalmologist") fighting the fight for medium-range U.S. missiles; Kohl clasping Mitterrand's hand at Verdun and later inhaling unification with unabashed appetite. Every risk-averse fiber in Merkel's body proclaims the social-market consensus has prevailed, even through financial crisis.The extent of discord may be measured by the fact that Merkel's chief opponent is also her foreign minister in the governing Grand Coalition: Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the Social Democrat leader. He's a likeable technocrat who always seems to be wondering how he ever ended up as a politician.None of the above should suggest there's nothing at stake. There is: a little. If Merkel gets her favored option—a center-right coalition with the liberal Free Democrats—tax cuts, nuclear power and support for the Afghan mission (Germany has sent more than 4,000 troops) will get a boost. If not, well, more of the same is in order. My sense is most Germans feel market reforms of recent years have gone far enough.Germans are hunkered down, not unhappy but uninspired. This has been a campaign of astonishing intellectual nullity, l spoke of hope and concern: The former springs from Germany's absorption of its eastern third and passage into normality, the latter from the country's numbness.Nothing—not the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Wall, not the faltering direction of the European Union (once a German obsession, now a sideshow), not financial Armageddon—seems able to stir Germans from contemplation of their navels. This is bad for Europe. The world wanted a boring Germany for a while, but not to this degree, and anyway that time has passed.Perhaps the center-right option would be a better outcome if only because the Social Democrats need time in the wilderness to resolve their relationship with the Left party. The Grand Coalition is an idea-dampening soporific. Prescription for more than four years is ill-advised.Germany is in political transition. If the East has been economically absorbed, its political legacy, in the form of the Left party, has proved inhibiting, even paralyzing.History moves in broad sweeps murky to its hindsight-deprived actors. We can say this: The eruption into the heart of Europe of a German nation state upended the Continent from 1871 to 1945 and a full "normalization" of Germany has taken from 1945 to the present. The long arc has beenpainful but hopeful.The demon of instability, German-prodded, moved to the Middle East, where another modem nation state, Israel, in turn upended the order of things. Perhaps after 74 years (1871-1945), we will see glimmerings of a new, more peaceful regional order there. Hope is almost as stubborn as facts.1. Which of the following is true about the German election?A.People are enthusiastic about it.B.It is hard to say who will win it.C.People are eager for its result.D.No one cares about it.答案：D此题是事实题。

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷150讲座会话听力大题型(1)So Roger Chillingworth—a deformed old figure, with a face that haunted men's memories longer than they liked—took leave of Hester Prynne, and went stooping away along the earth. He gathered here and there an herb, or grubbed up a root, and put it into the basket on his arm. His grey beard almost touched the ground, as he crept onward. Hester gazed after him a little while, looking with a half fantastic curiosity to see whether the tender grass of early spring would not be blighted beneath him, and show the wavering track of his footsteps, sere and brown, across its cheerful verdure. She wondered what sort of herbs they were, which the old man was so sedulous to gather. Would not the earth, quickened to by the sympathy of his eye, greet him with poisonous shrubs, of species hitherto unknown, that would start up under his fingers? Or might it suffice him, that every wholesome growth should be converted into something deleterious and malignant at his touch? Did the sun, which shone so brightly everywhere else, really fall upon him? Or was there, as it rather seemed, a circle of ominous shadow moving along with his deformity, whichever way he turned himself? And whitherwas he now going? Would he not suddenly sink into the earth, leaving a barren and blasted spot, where, in due course of time, would be seen deadly nightshade(颠茄), dogwood(山茱萸), henbane(天仙子), and whatever else of vegetable wickedness the climate could produce, all flourishing with hideous luxuriance? Or would he spread bat's wings and flee away, looking so much the uglier, the higher he rose towards heaven?(2)\1.According to Para. 1, people are most impressed by ChilUngworth’s______.(A)A. spiritB. figureC. ageD. appearance解析：推断题。

专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解（八）专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解(八)Text AIf there's a sensitive investigation into the flaws of crime fighters, the man the feds often call in to do the job is William H. Webster. Over the decades, the former FBI and CIA chief has headed numerous high-profile investigations into public agencies, including the Los Angeles Police Department's response to the 1992 Rodney King riots and the FBI's failure to catch Soviet and Russian mole Robert Hanssen.But the probe into whether the FBI mishandled information about Major Nidal Malik Hasan, who is charged with killing 13 people and wounding 32 at Fort Hood in Texas, could be Webster's trickiest assignment yet. The Nov. 5 shootings have raised a host of nettlesome issues regarding Hasan and his contacts with Anwar al-Awlaki, a radical cleric in Yemen, and why the FBI decided not to raise the alarm about Hasan even though it had tracked his suspect communications. In the aftermath of the shootings, critics have raised questions not only about intelligence-sharing, but also about whether the U.S. Army psychiatrist successfully used the cloak of research as a smoke screen for his personal extremism and, perhaps, murderous intentions.At the heart of the inquiry is the troublesome revelation that the FBI knew that Hasan, who became more religiously devout after his parents' deaths, corresponded with al- Awlaki, an American-born imam who led a northern Virginia mosque where two of the Sept. 11hijackers worshipped. After al-Awlaki departed the U.S. in2002, eventually ending up in Yemen, his sermons and teachings—delivered in English—apparently became a source of inspiration for the Fort Dix six and some of the young men who eventually left the U.S. tojoin al-Shabaab, the Islamist group in Somalia.E-mail surveillance turned up as many as 20 messages between al-Awlaki and Hasan, which an FBI-headed Joint Terrorism Task Force in Washington reviewed. At the time, the task force concluded that the correspondence matched Hasan's research into the mind-set of Muslim soldiers who turn on their comrades and was insufficient evidence to launch an investigation. Separately, U.S. Army colleagues at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington have said they raised concerns with supervisors about Hasan, his statements about Islam and whether he was mentally stable or possibly even dangerous. The Army, however, did not share the information with the FBI.It's not yet clear how wide-ranging Webster's probe will be, and opinions vary on its scope. Bill Burck, a former deputy counsel toPresident George W. Bush, said that while Webster's previous probes tended to look for policy lapses or fault, this review may be more difficult. The review could go to the heart of assessing threats posed by radicalized Americans, who have rights that terrorists from outside the country do not. "That presents a very difficult set of questions about how do you balance the traditional law-enforcement approach to deal with those threats—which is typically how we'vedealt with those things in the past—with the reality that you're dealing with people that are much harder to deter," Burcksays.The FBI has already turned over to the White House a preliminary internal review of the agency's actions before the shootings.Director Robert Mueller appointed Webster, who headed the FBI from 1978 until 1987 before becoming CIA director, to perform an open-ended, independent review of FBI policies, practices and actions preceding the incident. That will include a review of the initial findings as well as any additional issues that Webster has the discretion to take up.In a statement, Mueller said Webster would have complete access to necessary information and resources that Webster would coordinatewith existing Department of Defense probes. "It is essential to determine whether there are improvements to our current practices or other authorities that could make us all safer in the future," he said.1、 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT trueabout Hasan?A. He was mentally unstable.B. He was a psychiatrist in the U.S. Army.C. He kept in touch with a clergyman in Yemen.D. He killed 13 people and wounded 32 at Fort Hood.2、 What can be inferred from the appointment of Webster to investigate the incident?A. He headed the FBI and knew it well.B. The Fort Hood incident is no easy case.C. Director Robert Mueller had confidence in Webster.D. He has headed many investigations into public agencies.3、 It can be inferred from the Fort Hood incident thatA. There was something wrong with Hasan's mentality.B. The FBI did not have sufficient evidence to start a probe.C. It could have been stopped if the FBI had taken some measures.D. The Army did not share with the FBI the information about Hasan.4、 What does "discretion" mean in Paragraph 6?A. freedomB. judgmentC. responsibilityD. ability5、 Which of the following has made Webster's probe more difficult?A. It is lacking in evidence on Hasan's motives for the murder.B. It is an investigation into the FBI policies, practices and actions.C. It deals with terrorism from Americans which is even harder to stop.D. It deals with a case related to an imam in Yemen to whom it can do nothing.Text BLooking back, it was naive to expect Wikipedia's joyride to last forever. Since its inception in 2001, the user-written online encyclopedia has expanded just as everything else online has: exponentially. Up until about two years ago, Wikipedians were adding, on average, some 2,200 new articles to the project every day. The English version hit the 2 million—article mark in September 2007 and then the 3 million mark in August 2009—surpassing the 600-year-old Chinese Yongle Encyclopedia as thelargest collection of general knowledge ever compiled (well, at least according to Wikipedia's entry on itself).But early in 2007, something strange happened: Wikipedia's growth line flattened. People suddenly became reluctant to create new articles or fix errors or add their kernels of wisdom to existing pages. "When we first noticed it, we thought it was a blip," says Ed Chi, a computer scientist at California's Palo Alto Research Center whose lab has studied Wikipedia extensively. But Wikipedia peaked in March 2007 at about 820,000 contributors; the site hasn't seen as many editors before. "By the middle of 2009, we have realized that this was a real phenomenon," says Chi. "It's no longer growing exponentially. Something very different is happening now."What stunted Wikipedia's growth? And what does the slump tell us about the long- term viability of such strange and invaluable online experiments? Perhaps the Web has limits after all, particularly when it comes to the phenomenon known as crowd sourcing. Wikipedians—the volunteers who run the site, especially the approximately 1,000 editors who wield the most power over what you see—have been in a self-reflective mood. Not only is Wikipedia slowing, but also new stats suggest that hard-core participants are a pretty homogeneous set—the opposite of the ecumenical wiki ideal. Women, for instance, make up only 13% of contributors. The project's annual conference in Buenos Aires this summer bustled with discussions about the numbersand how the movement can attract a wider class of participants.At the same time, volunteers have been trying to improveWikipedia's trustworthiness, which has been sullied by a fewdefamatory hoaxes—most notably, one involving the journalist John Seigenthaler, whose Wikipedia entry falsely stated that he'd been a suspect in the John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy assassinations. They recently instituted a major change, imposing a layer ofeditorial control on entries about living people. In the past, only articles on high-profile subjects like Barack Obama were protected from anonymous revisions. Under the new plan, people can freely alter Wikipedia articles on, say, their local officials or company heads—but those changes will become live only once they've been vetted by a Wikipedia administrator. "Few articles on Wikipedia are more important than those that are about people who are actually walking the earth," says Jay Walsh, a spokesman for the Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that oversees the encyclopedia. "What we want to do is to find ways to be more fair, accurate, and to do better—to be nicer—to those people."Yet that gets to Wikipedia's central dilemma. Chi's research suggests that the encyclopedia thrives on chaos—that the more freewheeling it is, the better it can attract committed volunteers who keep adding to its corpus. But over the years, as Wikipedia has added layers of control to bolster accuracy and fairness, it has developed a kind of bureaucracy. "It may be that the bureaucracy is inevitable when a project like this becomes sufficiently important," Chi says. But who wants to participate in a project lousy with bureaucrats?There is a benign explanation for Wikipedia's slackening pace: the site has simply hit the natural limit of knowledge expansion. In its early days, it was easy to add stuff. But once others had entered historical sketches of every American city, taxonomies ofall the world's species, bios of every character on The Sopranos and essentially everything else—well, what more could they expect you to add? So the only stuff left is esoteric, and it attracts fewer participants because the only editing jobs left are "janitorial"—making sure that articles are well formatted and readable.Chi thinks something more drastic has occurred: the Web's first major ecosystem collapses. Think of Wikipedia's community of volunteer editors as a family of bunnies left to roam freely over an abundant green prairie. In early, fat times, their numbers grow geometrically. More bunnies consume more resources, though, and at some point, the prairie becomes depleted, and the population crashes. Instead of prairie grasses, Wikipedia's natural resource is an emotion. "There's the rush of joy that you get the first time youmake an edit to Wikipedia, and you realize that 330 million people are seeing it live," says Sue Gardner, Wikimedia Foundation's executive director. In Wikipedia's early days, every new addition to the site had a roughly equal chance of surviving editors' scrutiny. Over time, though, a class system emerged; now revisions made by infrequent contributors are much likelier to be undone by 61ite Wikipedians. Chi also notes the rise of wiki-lawyering: for your editors to stick, you've got to learn to cite the complex laws of Wikipedia in arguments with other editors. Together, these changes have created a community not very hospitable to newcomers. Chi says, "People begin to wonder, 'Why should I contribute anymore?'"— and suddenly, like rabbits out of food, Wikipedia's population stops growing.The foundation has been working to address some of these issues; for example, it is improving the site's antiquated, oftenincomprehensible editing interface. But as for the larger issue of trying to attract a more diverse constituency, it has no specific plan—only a goal. "The average Wikipedian is a young man in a wealthy country who's probably a graduate student—somebody who's smart, literate, engaged in the world of ideas, thinking, learning, writing all the time," Gardner says. Those people are invaluable, she notes, but the encyclopedia is missing the voices of people in developing countries, women and experts in various specialties that have traditionally been divorced from tech. "We're just starting to get our heads around this. It's a genuinely difficult problem," Gardner says. "Obviously, Wikipedia is pretty good now. It works. But our challenge is to build a rich, diverse, broad culture of people, which is harder than it looks."Before Wikipedia, nobody would have believed that an anonymous band of strangers could create something so useful. So is it crazy to imagine that, given the difficulties it faces, someday the whole experiment might blow up? "There are some bloggers out there who say, 'Oh, yeah, Wikipedia will be gone in five years,'" Chi says. "I think that's sensational. But our data does suggest its existence in 10 or 15 years may be in question."Ten years is a long time on the Internet—longer than Wikipedia has even existed. Michael Snow, the foundation's chairman, says he's got a "fair amount of confidence" that Wikipedia will go on. It remains a precious resource—a completely free journal available to anyone and the model for a mode of online collaboration once hailed as revolutionary. Still, Wikipedia's troubles suggest the limits of Web 2.0—that when an idealized community gets too big, it starts becoming dysfunctional. Just like every other human organization.6、 Which of the following is TRUE about Wikipedia?A. It is growing very fast.B. It is the oldest online encyclopedia.C. It is an online encyclopedia run by users.D. It is said to be the second largest encyclopedia.7、 What does "blip" mean in Paragraph 2?A. a tricky problemB. a strange problemC. a temporary problemD. an unexpected problem8、 Which of the following is NOT the factor that impededWikipedia's development?A. There are many other online encyclopedias.B. The constituency is not as diverse as possible.C. Some people have spoiled the reputation of Wikipedia.D. The web is limited in its capability to deal with so many contributors.9、 What is the situation Wikipedia now faces?A. Wikipedia's control system is working effectively.B. Wikipedia is trying to get rid of bureaucracy.C. Wikipedia is developing healthily.D. Wikipedia is facing a dilemma.10、 What can be inferred from the passage?A. Wikipedia is an accurate and fair system.B. Wikipedia is a victim of its own success.C. Wikipedia faces severe competition from other websites.D. Wikipedia is getting better under the new plan of control.Text CEven if they produced no other positive result, the attacks on the London Underground have compelled Europeans of all faiths to think with new urgency about the Continent's Muslim minority.Such a reckoning was long overdue. Some left-wing politicians, like London's mayor, Ken Livingstone, have chosen to emphasize the proximate causes of Muslim anger, focusing on the outrage widely felt in Islamic immigrant communities over the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But the harsh reality is that the crisis in relations between the European mainstream and the Islamic diaspora has far deeper roots, consoling as it might be to pretend otherwise. Indeed, the news could scarcely be worse. What Europeans arewaking up to is a difficult truth: the immigrants who perform the Continent's menial jobs, and, as is often forgotten, began coming to Europe in the 1950's because European governments and businesses encouraged their mass migration, are profoundly alienated from European society for reasons that have little to do with the Middle East and everything to do with Europe. This alienation is cultural, historical and above all religious, as much if not more than it is political. Immigrants who were drawn to Europe because of the Continent's economic success are in rebellion against the cultural, social and even psychological sources of that success.In a sense, Europe's bad fortune is that Islam is in crisis. Imagine that Mexican Catholicism was in a similar state, and that a powerful, well-financed minority of anti-modem purists was doing its most successful proselytizing among Mexican immigrants in places like Los Angeles, Phoenix and Chicago, above all among the discontented, underemployed youth of the barrios. The predictable, perhaps even the inevitable, result would be the same sort of estrangement between Hispanics and the American mainstream.Whatever the roots of the present troubles, what isundeniable is that many immigrant Muslims and their children remain unreconciled to their situation in Europe. Some find their traditional religious values scorned, while others find themselves alienated by the independence of women, with all its implications for the future ofthe "traditional" Muslim family. In response, many have turned to the most obscurantist interpretation of the Islamic faith as a salve. At the fringes of the diaspora, some have turned to violence.So far, at least, neither the carrot nor the stick has worked. Politicians talk of tighter immigration controls. Yet the reality is that a Europe in demographic freefall needs more, not fewer, immigrants if it is to maintain its prosperity. Tony Blair just proposed new laws allowing the deportation of radical mullahs and the shutting of mosques and other sites associated with Islamic extremism. But given the sheer size of the Muslim population in England and throughout the rest of Europe, the security services are always going to be playing catch-up. Working together, and in a much morefavorable political and security context, French and Spanish authorities have, after more than 20 years, been unable to put an end to the terrorism of the Basque separatist group ETA. And there are at least twice as many Muslims in France as there are Basques in Spain. At the same time, it is difficult to see how the extremists' grievances can ever be placated by conciliatory gestures. It is doubtful that the British government's proposed ban on blasphemy against Islam and other religions will have a demonstrable effect. (What would have happened to Salman Rushdie had such a ban been inforce when "The Satanic Verses" was published?) Meanwhile,the French government has tried to create an "official" state-sanctioned French Islam. This approach may be worth the effort, but the chances of success are uncertain. It will require the enthusiastic participation of an Islamic religious establishment whose influence overdisaffected youth is unclear. What seems clearer is that European governments have very little time and nowhere near enough knowledge about which members of the Islamic community really are "preachers of hate" and which, however unpalatable their views, are part of the immigrant mainstream.The multicultural fantasy in Europe—-its eclipse can be seen most poignantly in Holland, that most self-definedly liberal of all European countries—was that, in due course, assuming that the proper resources were committed and benevolence deployed, Islamic and other immigrants would eventually become liberals. As it's said, they would come to "accept" the values of their new countries. It was neverclear how this vision was supposed to coexist with multiculturalism's other main assumption, which was that group identity should be maintained. But by now that question is largely academic: the European vision of multiculturalism, in all its simultaneous goodwill and self-congratulation, is no longer sustainable. And most Europeans know it. What they don't know is what to do next. If the broad-brush anti-Muslim discourse of Jean-Marie Le Pen's National Front in France or the Vlaams Belang Party in Belgium entered the political mainstream, it would only turn the Islamic diaspora in Europe into the fifth column that, for the moment, it is certainly not. But Europeans can hardly accept an immigrant veto over their own mores, whether those mores involve women'srights or, for that matter, the right to blaspheme, which the Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh so bravely asserted—and died for.Figuring out how to prevent Europe's multicultural reality from becoming a war of all against all is the challenge that confronts the Continent. It makes all of Europe's other problems, from the economyto the euro to the sclerosis of social democracy, seem trivial by comparison. Unfortunately, unlike those challenges, this one is existential and urgent and has no obvious answers.11、 According to the passage, which of the following is the major cause for the attacks on the London Underground?A. The anger among Islamic immigrants over the Iraqi War.B. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict.C. The Islamic alienation from European society.D. The Islamic diaspora.12、 According to the passage, which of the following is the major lesson learned from the attacks on the London Underground?A. The government should propose new laws stopping the Islamic diaspora.B. The British army should pull out from the Iraqi war.C. The government should guard against the Islamic bombers.D. Europeans should draw their attention to the Muslim minority.13、The situation of the Muslims in Europe is what the following state except ______.A. Their own religion is looked down upon.B. They are satisfied with the economic success.C. They are alienated in culture, history and religion.D. The independence of women has an impact on the future of their family.14、The following are the measures mentioned in the passage to the solution of the Islamic problems except ______.A. Tighter immigration laws should be proposed.B. Tougher measures like the deportation of radical mullahs should be taken.C. The ban on blasphemy against Islam is proposed.D. The security of the Middle East should be maintained.15、Which of the following is NOT true about multiculturalism in Europe?A. Multiculturalism might become a war of all against all.B. Islamic and other immigrants will become liberals in Holland.C. Group identity should be maintained in multiculturalism.D. Multiculturalism fails to exist in Europe.Text DShelly's snack shop was the name that Brian Egemo of Badger, Iowa, applied to his wife's side of the bed. In 1994 Shelly, who had been a sleepwalker as a child, began sleepwalking again. But this time, her nightly rambles took her to the kitchen for cookies, candies and potato chips, which she would bring back to bed and devour whilestill asleep. "In the morning, there would be frosting in my hair and M&M's stuck to my husband's back," she says. Worse yet, she woke up feeling exhausted and sick from all the junk food. After years ofthis "sleep eating," her nerves were so jangled that she became unglued at the slightest upset. "Someone would knock over the salt shaker and I'd go into orbit," she says. It wasn't until2001 that Egemo, now 37, found a doctor who could tell her what her problem wasand how to treat it.Egemo's condition is called sleep-related eating disorder (SRFD), and it's one of two night eating problems that doctors are just beginning to take seriously. The other is night eating syndrome (NES), in which patients wake multiple times during the night and are unable to fall asleep again unless they eat something. Although the twodiffer in some important ways—most notably, whether the person is conscious or not—they share many similarities. Both are hybrids of sleep and eating disorders. And both take over the lives of patients, destroying good nutrition, instilling deep shame and often causing depression and weight gain. According to psychiatrist John Winkelmanof Harvard Medical School, the two conditions may affect 1 percent of the population— nearly 3 million Americans. "People who suffer from this think they're alone," says Dr. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania Weight and Eating Disorders Program, who identified both NES and binge eating in the 1950s. "They need to know that it'sa real disorder and there are treatments." With psychologist Kelly Allison, Stunkard has written a book called "Overcoming Night Eating Syndrome," due out in early May.The consequences of night eating disorders are profound. In addition to sabotaging good-quality sleep, both conditions can seriously undermine attempts to maintain a well-balanced diet. People with SRED occasionally try to eat such bizarre concoctions asbuttered cigarettes or smoothies of egg shells, coffeegrounds and soda. But the real problem is that in the middle of the night, no one gets up and fixes healthful salads, fish or vegetables. Instead, people reach for food that's ready to eat—most often, junk food. "It sets up a vicious cycle, where they feel bloated so they don't wantto eat during the day," says Dr. Carlos Schenck of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, who identified SRED in 1993. Not surprisingly, night eating often contributes to weight gain. Stunkard has found NES in 6 to 7 percent of people in weight-loss programs and up to 28 percent of those seeking gastric -bypass surgery.Frustrated patients say their behavior seems totally beyond their control. "I wasn't even hungry," says pediatrician Edward Rosof, 58,of Cherry Hill, N.J., who suffered from NES for 35 years. "It was a craving, like being an alcoholic. Every night I promised myself itwas the last time." But even when he tried to resist the impulse,he'd lose the battle after 10 or 15 minutes because he feared that he wouldn't get back to sleep. Other desperate patients have asked spouses to put locks on the refrigerator or even lock the bedroomdoor at night.At last, new treatments are helping them unlock those doors. In a pilot study, Stunkard and psychiatrist John O'Reardon have discoveredthat the antidepressant Zoloft may help NES patients like Rosof,who's dropped 40 pounds since he started taking it a yearago. And Schneck and Winkelman have found two drug cocktails that appear tohelp 70 percent of SRED patients. Within two weeks of starting one of them, Shelly Egemo was feeling better. Her good humor is back. Bestof all, Shelly's Snack Shop is out of business.16、 "Rambles" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. eating habitsB. sleepwalkC. dreamsD. hunger17、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Shelly owned a snack shop.B. Shelly was a sleep walker.C. Shelly suffered from SRED. D. Shelly is recovering now.18、 What's the biggest difference between SRED and NES?A. The patients can't fall asleep without eating anything.B. NES patients are conscious when they are suffering from NESwhile SRED patients are not.C. The patients suffer from both sleep and eating disorders.D. Both may have similar harmful consequences.19、The following are the consequences of night eating disorderswith the exception of ______.A. The patients cannot have a good-quality sleep.B. The patients cannot have a well-balanced diet.C. The patients are putting on weight.D. The patients' habits annoy their families.20、Which of the following concerning SRED and NES is NOT true according to the passage?A. Both are psychologically related.B. They have the same cause but different symptoms.C. New treatments are offering hope for the diseases.D. Patients of the diseases are suffering from depression.答案:Text A1、A此题是事实题。

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷161讲座会话听力大题型(1) Distant indeed seem the days when the two great rivals of commercial aviation, Boeing and Airbus, would use big air shows to trumpet hundreds of new orders. This year's Paris Air Show was a much more sombre affair, even if the Boeing-Airbus feud still took centre stage.(2) There were one or two bright spots. Airbus was able to boast of a firm order for ten of its wide-body A350s from AirAsia X. John Leahy, its top salesman, expects deliveries in 2009 to match the record 483 in 2008. Boeing, which was hit by a prolonged strike last year, will probably deliver more aircraft this year than last. Both firms built up huge backlogs in the fat years; each has orders for about 3,500 planes.(3) But many of those may soon evaporate. Giovanni Bisignani, the boss of IATA, the trade body that speaks for most airlines, gave warning earlier this month mat his members might defer as many as 30% of aircraft deliveries next year. He also almost doubled his forecast for the industry's cumulative losses in 2009, to$ 9 billion.(4) Both Mr. Leahy and Jim McNerney, the chief executive of Boeing,think that Mr. Bisignani is overdoing the gloom. But they concede that potential customers may find purchases hard to finance. Another issue is the cost of fuel. Mr. McNerney thinks the recent increase in the oil price should encourage carriers to replace elderly gas guzzlers with efficient new planes. But if the price \1.It can be inferred from Para. 1 that Boeing and Airbus______.(C)A. have not suffered from a reduction of new orders until this yearB. did not compete with each other intensely in the pastC. used to advertise their success in business at air showsD. would have to resolve their rivalry as early as possible解析：推断题。

专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案The mountain turns around, but towards the peak extension.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的专业英语八级阅读理解模拟题带答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, asnoted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basicemotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues morerecently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. Infact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state.ConsiderDarwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the otherhand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling giverise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report morepositive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being morehumorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity orpreparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles,such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that theso-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and asubtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward theeyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as are commendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.1. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning toA curiousB unhappyC thoughtfulD uncertain2. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order toA differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB upport Darwin's theory of evolutionC provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions3. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning toA estimateB agreeC expectD understand4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people ofNew Guinea?A They did not want to be shown photographs.B They were famous for their story-telling skills.C They knew very little about Western culture.D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.5. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that werenot expressed?A They would become less intense.B They would last longer than usual.C They would cause problems later.D They would become more negative.参考答案：B C B C A。

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷171(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. READING COMPREHENSIONPART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1) Letty the old lady lived in a “ Single Room Occupancy” hotel approved by the New York City welfare department and occupied by old losers, junkies, cockroaches and rats. Whenever she left her room—a tiny cubicle with a cot, a chair, a seven-year-old calendar and a window so filthy it blended with the unspeakable walls—she would pack all her valuables in two large shopping bags and carry them with her. If she didn’t, everything would disappear when she left the hotel. Her “things” were also a burden. Everything she managed to possess was portable and had multiple uses. A shawl is more versatile than a sweater, and hats are no good at all, although she used to have lots of nice hats, she told me. (2) The first day I saw Letty I had left my apartment in search of a “bag lady”. I had seen these women round the city frequently, had spoken to a few. Sitting around the parks had taught me more about these city vagabonds. As a group, few were eligible for social security. They had always been flotsam and jetsam, floating from place to place and from job to job —waitress, short order cook, sales clerk, stock boy, maid, mechanic, porter—all those jobs held by faceless people. The “bag ladies” were a special breed. They looked and acted and dressed strangely in some of the most determinedly conformist areas of the city. They frequented Fourteen Street downtown, and the fancy shopping districts. They seemed to like crowds but remained alone. They held long conversations with themselves, with telephone poles, with unexpected cracks in the sidewalk. They hung around lunch counters and cafeterias, and could remain impervious to the rudeness ofa determined waitress and sit for hours clutching a coffee cup full of cold memories.(3) Letty was my representative bag lady. I picked her up on the corner of Fourteenth and Third Avenue. She had the most suspicious face I had encountered; her entire body, in fact, was pulled forward in one large question mark. She was carrying a double plain brown shopping bag and a larger white bag ordering you to vote for some obscure man for some obscure office and we began talking about whether or not she was an unpaid advertisement. I asked her if she would have lunch with me, and let me treat, as a matter of fact. After some hesitation and a few sharp glances over the top of her glasses, Letty the Bag Lady let me come into her life. We had lunch that day, the next, and later the next week. (4) Being a bag lady was a full-time job. Take the problem of the hotels. You can’t stay to long in any one of those welfare hotels, Letty told me, because the junkies figure out your routine, and when you get your checks,and you’ll be robbed, even killed. So you have to move a lot. And every time you move, you have to make three trips to the welfare office to get them to approve the new place, even if it’s just another cockroach-filled, rat-infested hole in the wall. During the last five years, Letty tried to move every two or three months. (5) Most of our conversations took place standing in line. New York State had just changed the regulations governing Medicaid cards and Letty had to get a new card. That took two hours in line, one hour sitting in a large dank-smelling room, and two minutes with a social worker who never once looked up. Another time, her case worker at the welfare office sent Letty to try and get food stamps, and after standing in line for three hours she found out she didn’t qualify because she didn’t have cooking facilities in her room. “This is my social life,” she said. “ I run around the city and stand in line. You stand in line to see one of them fancy movies and calling it art; I stand in line for medicine, for food, for glasses, for the cards to get pills, for the pills; I stand in line to see people who never see who I am; at the hotel, sometimes I even have to stand in line to go to the john. When I die there’ll probably be a line to get through the gate, and when I get up to the front of the line, somebody will push it closed and say, ‘ Sorry. Come back after lunch. ‘ These agencies, I figure they have to make it as hard for you to get help as they can, so only really strong people or really stubborn people like me can survive. “(6) Letty would talk and talk; sometimes, she didn’t seem to know I was even there. She never remembered my name, and would give a little start of surprise whenever I said hers, as if it had been a long time since anyone had said “Letty. “ I don’t think she thought of herself as a person, anymore; I think she had accepted the view that she was a welfare case, a Mediaid card, a nuisance in the bus depot in the winter time, a victim to any petty criminal, existing on about the same level as cockroaches.1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “flotsam and jetsam” in the second paragraph?A．Old losers.B．Junkies.C．Vagabonds.D．Bag ladies.正确答案：C解析：语义题。

Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the site’s “personal s ...Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with nosuccess but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteriasuch as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when amatching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose thekeywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Threeweeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struckgold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and wona position as in-house counsel for a company。

专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解（二十六）READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT ACredit card rewards programs have traditionally featured airline miles, gift certificates, and cash back for customers who spend enough on their cards to rack up points. But recently, credit card companies have started offering a different kind of gift: They1 re handing out lower interest rates, refunding interest payments, and using other strategies to provide incentives for cardholders to pay down their debt and make on-time payments • The deals, however, don11 always work in consumers 1 favor.The new Citi Forward card gives cardholders points and reduces their annual interest rate for making on-time payments and for staying under their credit limit. TD Bank1s Simply Flexible card changes customers1interest rates depending on how much of their balance they pay off . If they pay off 10 percent or more of their balance, then they get the lowest available interest rate；paying between the minimum payment and 5 percent of the balance gets them the highest interest rate. And Discover1s Motiva card gives cardholders one month1s worth of interest back after six consecutive on-time payments•Card companies say the idea behind the new rewards is to help customers get on top of their finances. n It1s all about promoting financial fitness and giving customers the choices they need to help them manage their debt, n says Michael Copley, senior vice president of retail lending for TD Bank• He says he thinks the Simply Flexible card motivates cardholders to pay off more of their debt and attributes the companys relatively low delinquency rate to the product•Because of the continuing recession, companies have an incentive to keep their customers from sliding further under water. "This is in response to recognition on the part of issuers that they have to help their cardholders do a better job of managing their money, so customers keep those cards for a long time,n says Ron Shevlin, senior analyst at Aite Group, a research and advisory firm. The challenge for companies, he says, is to balance the profitability of consumers who maintain a balance, and therefore pay interest fees each month, against the increased risk that those cardholders pose because they are more likely to default on their debt. Rewards programs that encourage customers to maintain a balance while paying on time, such as the Motiva card, may help them strike that balance.According to consumer advocates and credit card experts, consumers who carry a balance may be better off selecting a card with the lowest interest rate rather than participating in one of these rewards programs, although they can help consumers improve their credit. H In general, I think these cards are great for people who don 11 have great credit and regularly carry a balance on their cards,n says Adam Jusko, founder of www. . Customers who only occasionally carry a balance, on the other hand, would be better off finding a card with a more appealing rewards program, he adds.TD Bank1s Copley says it1s up to the customer to make the decision as to whether or not the card is a good idea • n 1 We wouldn11 approve them unless we knew they could pay the minimum, H he says, adding, n Whether or not they want to pay more than the minimum payment is their call. nThe recent credit card rewards programs includeA.air miles•B.gift certificates.C.cash back•D.lower interest rates.2、 A cardholder of Simply Flexible Card will get the lowest interest rate if heA.makes six successive on-time payments.B.pays off the balance on time and stay under his credit limit.C.pays off 15 percent of his balance.D.pays off 5 percent of his balance.3、Michael Copley holds that rewards programsA.don11 always work in customers 1 favor.B.can help the customers pay off more of their debt•C.will help the cardholders manage their finance.D.can result in a relative low delinquency rate to the credit card.4、The phrase n to keep.・.from sliding further under water n (Para. Four) implies thatA.the companies aim to help their customers during the recession.B. the companies are g oing to manage the money of their cardholders•C.the companies help the customers manage their finance better so they keepthe cards longer.D.the companies want to give the customers more choices in the recession.5、The consumer advocates and credit card experts suggest thatA.the lowest interest card is a better choice for those who carry a balance .B.the customers who pay off the balance should not participate in any rewards program.C.it is better for those who pay off the balance to select a lower interest card.D.customers who carry a balance should select a card with some rewards programs.TEXTBAs a young child, Buffett was pretty serious about making money. He used to go door-to-door and sell soda pop. He and a friend used math to develop a system for picking winners in horseracing and started selling their l!Stable-Boy Selections11 tip sheets until they were shut down for not having a license. Later, he also worked at his grandfather1s grocery store. At the ripe age of 11, Buffett bought his first stock•When his family moved to Washington, D. C. , Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington Post and its rival the Times-Herald. Buffett ran his five paper routes like an assembly line and even added magazines to round out his product offerings. While still in school, he was making $175 a month, a full-time wage for many young men.When he was 14 z Buffett spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in Nebraska and soon began collecting rent from a tenant farmer• He and a friend also made $50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops • They called their venture Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co.Already a successful albeit small-time businessman, Buffett wasn1t keen on going to college but ended up at Wharton at the University of Pennsylvania — his father encouraged him to go . After two years at Wharton, Buffett transferred to hisparents 1 Alma Mater, the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, for his final year of college. There Buffett took a job with the Lincoln Journal supervising 50 paper boys in six rural coun ties•Buffett applied to Harvard Business School but was turned down in what had tobe one of the worst admissions decisions in Harvard history. The out-come ended up profoundly affecting Buffett1 s life, for he ended up attending Columbia Business School z where he studied under revered mentor Benjamin Graham, the father ofsecurities analysis who provided the foundation for Buffett1s investment strategy.From the beginning, Buffett made his fortune from investing. He started withall the money he had made from selling pop, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines . Between 1950 and 1956, he grew his $9,800 kitty to $140z 000 . From there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends z and then gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms.Buffett1 s goal was to top the Dow Jones Industrial Average by an average of 10% a year. Over the length of the Buffett partnership between 1957 and 1969, Buffett1 s investments grew at a compound annual rate of 29.5%, crushing the Dow1 s return of 7.4% over the same period.Buffett1 s investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and overall philosophy. He doesn11 collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains companies that waste money on such extravagances as limousines z private dining rooms,7、8、Buffett1s critical view of inheritances.Buffett1s lifestyle and overall philosophy.Buffett1s evaluations of philanthropy• Benjamin Graham1s investment conception.the 4th generalizes and the 5th gives an example. each presents one stage of the development.the 5th is the logical result of the 4tb.both illustrate Buffett1s academic life.9、Which of the following is INCORRECT, according to the passage?People usually tend to think of inheritances as being normal.Buffett1s three kids are kept from leading normal, independent lives. Buffett has strict standards for using the money of his Foundation. The Foundation has been intended to grow beforeA.B.C.D.10、According to the passage, BuffettA.B.C.D. wise investor with an unchanged wise investor who gave away all talentedinvestor with a simple talented investor who views charity low.Buffett1s death. is best described as a portfolio. his money.lifestyle.and high-priced real estate • He is a creature of habit — same house, same office, same city, same soda — and dislikes change. In his investments, that means holding on to "core holdings11 such as American Express, Coca-Cola, and The Washington Post Co • n forever11 .Buffett1s view of inherited money also departs from the norm^ Critical of the self- indulgence of the super-rich, Buffett thinks of inheritances as n privately funded food stamps11 that keep children of the rich from leading normal, independent lives • With his own three kids, he gave them each $10,000 a year —the tax-deductible limit —at Christmas. When he gave them a loan, they had to sign a written agreement. When his daughter, also named Susie like her mother, needed $20 to park at the airport, he made her write him a check for it.As for charity, Buffett1s strict standards have made it difficult for him to give much away. He evaluates charities the same way he looks for stocks : value for money, return on invested capital. He has established the Buffett Foundation, designed to accumulate money and give it away after his and his wife1s deaths —though the foundation has given millions to organizations involved withpopulation control, family planning, abortion, andbirth control. The argument goes that Buffett can actually give away a greater sum in the end by growing his money while he1s still alive•6、According to the passage, BuffettA.started to make money as a child working at his grandfather 1s grocery store .B.had already started to run his own business with his friend at the age of 14 ・C.worked full time as a paperboy for two rival newspapers in WashingtonD. C.D.developed the “Stable-Boy Selections11 tip sheets with his friend at age 11.Buffett1 s investment strategy seems to reflect all of the following EXCEPTA.B.C.D.The relationship between the fourth and fifth paragraphs is thatA.B.C.D.TEXTCA night out at the opera to see an adaptation of an obscure 17th-century English play may sound like an expensive nap. But what if audience members were handed Venetian masks and invited to wander around the theater as the action unfolded? That1s exactly what the London-based theater company Punchdrunk and the English National Opera have done with The Duchess of Malf i, which opened July 13 in an empty office complex outside the city. With dancers z opera singers z and musicians roving throughout the three-story building, the audience is turned loose to explore an elaborate set that includes Victorian sitting rooms, rustic teahouses —which offer actual cocktails — a ghostly forest, and macabre offices . Along the way, viewers stumble upon random scenes, which they must piece together before everyone gathers in a warehouse for the grand finale•A.TheyB.TheyC.They They14、own15>What does the last sentence "get your mask at the door, but bring your helmet" of the passage imply?A.B.C.D.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.B.C.D.iiImmersiveImmersiveImmersiveImmersivetheater requires the goers to wear a helmet. theater1s security has not been perfect.theatergoers need to pay attention to safety• theatergoers must obey the theater1s rules.Immersing Oneself in the Drama.Going to the New-style Theater.Theaters Add More Fun.Two Sides of Immersive Theater.The show, which immediately sold out, is just London1s latest example ofimmersive theater, a popular new genre that blends high drama with haunted-house theatrics in a strange mashup of acting, performance art, and choose-your-own-adventure storytelling. n It1s a combination of spectacle and intimacy, 11 says Felix Barrett, Punchdrunk 1s artistic director, who believes the hunger for deeper, more personalized theater experiences reflects a backlash against the shallow immediacy of today1s Internet culture. H Some people have gotten lazy. And The Duchess of Malfi is something that, really, you have to work for. It1s a theatrical puzzle the audience needs to solve themselves. n For David Jubb, the artistic director at London1s Battersea Arts Centre, who has worked closely with Punchdrunk on past productions, having participants construct their own narrative is part of the 11 democratization H of the art form. n Too often, theater is something where you sit, and could happen if you were there or not, H he says. 11It1s an experience that needs to catch up with the times.nAs with any democracy, participation is key, which is why Jubb is staging a One-on- One Festival this month showcasing a variety of short works performed for one viewer at a time. In most of them, all that1s required is a good-natured willingness to play along. For example, in Rotating in a Room of Images, by the group Lundahl & Seitl, audience members wear headphones while a whispering voice and delicate hands guide them alone through dark rooms, past haunting scenes resembling Dutch Renaissance paintings.Immersive moments are also making their way into more standard fare • Some of the best are the least expected• At a staging of La Bohegraveme at the Cock Tavern Theatre in North London earlier this year, ticketholders filed down to the pub at intermission only to be surprised by a song-and-dance routine performed by actors pretending to be patrons sipping their beers•Encouraging audience participation has its risks. n If you are blurring the boundaries between artist and audience, that will lead to moments when your audience is doing things you did not expect, n says Jubb. Blood has even been spilled. During a performance of Money — a piece by the theater company Shunt that takes place on a dystopian, machinelike stage set — an overzealous audience member head-butted one of the actors midscene . Rule No. 1 in immersive theatergoing: get your mask at the door, but bring your own helmet.11> What can we learn about traditional theaters according to the passage?A.Traditional theaters put on performances in the evening.B.Most people could not afford to go to the theaters.C.Sometimes audience was invited to join the play.D.Modern people become uninterested in old-time theaters• 12> Which of the following is true about immersive theater?A.People are reluctant to buy the tickets of such theater.B.It1s more popular than today1s Internet culture.C.The audience needs to participate in the theater.D.Often it can happen whether the audience is there or not.13> What is generally required of audience to join the short works performed on Jubb1s One-on-One Festival?should have experiences of performance before.are willing to play in the short works with actors. had better have learned courses about acting.must have enough courage to join the play.TEXTDForced to pay for once-free sandwich toppings and twice as much for some steak cuts, shoppers are wondering whether higher grocery bills and restaurant tabs trulyreflect the trickle down of a global rise in food prices.Veronica Banks, who lives outside St. Louis, said she suspects thatneighborhood corner stores are charging more for many items under the assumptionthat customers won11 pay the bus fare to go bargain hunting.Without a doubt, basic economic principles account for most of the increase in the wholesale cost of food worldwide • Bad weather has hurt crops. Economic prosperity has driven up demand in developing countries. And soaring fuel prices have raised transportation costs. Mix in investors betting on continued food-price inflation, and you have a recipe for a run-up.Foodstuffs from rice to steak cost more than a year ago —so much, in fact, that some consumers don11 quite believe it all adds up. But food retailers say that consumers 1suspicions of gouging are unjustified and that, if anything, they have refrained from passing along their extra costs.11 People have told me I nickel-and-dime them, n said Kate Oncel, director of operations at the Brown Bag, a deli in Washington. 11 They don11 understand the position we 1re in” of paying dramatically more for meat, produce, bread, packaging and deliveries•Retailers raising prices and shoppers, in turn, raising eyebrows are reasonable and established responses, say economists and historians. While competitivepressures keep most businesses from taking advantage of their customers, some see an opportunity to push prices beyond justified levels.Forgoing pricier items are adjustments many Americans can afford and stomach, especially relative to the crises in the more than 30 countries where food protests have raged.But in the U.S., customers notice when the grocery bill stays the same but the take- home haul lightens. Conversely, most remain quiet when prices stay the same or drop. 111 get upset thinking about bow much we have to pay for things, but then I feel guilty when I see other nations that are dealing with horrible poverty, 11 Helen Strouss of La Mirada, California, said last week at an Albertson1s grocery store.Consumers forking over more to fill their gas tanks and stomachs may feel like they1 ve been hit with an unprecedented one-two punch. But the food-fuel wallop has landed before, said David Hackett Fischer, a professor of history at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts. In the 13th century, demand for firewood and grain led to broader price hikes. And sellers have taken advantage of the system throughout the 20th century as free market ideas removed many price controls, he said.The nation1 s 945,000 restaurants expect to set a sales record of $558 billion this year, said Hudson Riehle, senior vice president of research at the National Restaurant Association. Restaurants probably will make some changes on the plate, rej iggering portions, and on the restaurant floor, using more technology to gain efficiency and training programs to bolster sales, Riehle said.At the Brown Bag, where cucumber toppings now cost 50 cents z Oncel has not raised the overall price of sandwiches and salads but said she will if food commodities and gas prices don't fall.At nearby TJ 1s Gourmet Dell, owner Terry Chung said customers can expect to pay 30 cents more per sandwich and up to 4 0 cents more per pound on the salad bar if economic conditions don11 change• His profits are down about 25 percent in recent months, with the biggest cost increase coming in delivery fuel surcharges, which have roughly doubled to $4.50 per order.The hesitancy to raise prices unnecessarily is rooted in competition, said Ann Owen, an economics professor at Hamilton College in Clinton New York, and a former economist at the Federal Reserve. But if the cost increases are more permanent, retailers can confidently raise prices z she added. But that can11 insulate them from skeptical shoppers who see overblown hikes and a panic-hungry media.16、Which of the following is NOT the factor that accounts for the rise of the food price?A.Disadvantageous cultivating environment.rge food demand in developing countries.A. to B ・to C ・to D ・to 19、 WhatC. The operation of basic economic principles.D. The increasing price of fuel and transportation.17> Facing the suspicion from customers, the retailersA. are not concerned with customers 1 suspicion and still raise the price asplanned.B. feel rather uncomfort able to customers 1 suspicion but they won 11 raise theprice•C. complain of being misjudged but they actually take advantage of thecustomers.D. complain of being misunderstood but will still pass the extra cost to customers.18、 The phrase ,f nieke 1 -and-dime n in Paragraph Five meanstake advantage of someone little by little.spend one 1s money frugally. spend as little money as possible. accumulate treasure little by little.is the relationship among the last three paragraphs?A. Paragraph Eleven and Paragraph Twelve provide supportingevidences for Paragraph Thierteen.B. Paragraph Thirteen concludes and provides further explanation for ParagraphsEleven and Twelve.C. The last three paragraphs conclude the whole passage from three perspectives.D. Paragraph Twelve and Paragraph Thirteen provide supporting evidences forParagraph Eleven.20、 The main idea of the passage is thatA. increasing food costs cause business adjustment.B. higher food costs cause customers 1 suspicion•C. a number of factors lead to the rise of food costs.D. higher food prices lead to social crisis.答案：READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT A1> D［解析］事实细节题。