Screening Masses in SU(N) from Wilson Renormalization Group

课文内容词汇： music 词汇: 音乐Are you one of those people who find the world of Western classical music abit snobbish and inaccessible? The Proms – or the BBC Promenade Concerts to give the world’s largest music festival its full name - might help you change your mind.For eight weeks every summer, the Royal Albert Hall in London opens its doorsto all-comers and puts on a music show that is varied and wide-ranging. Some music lovers want to get as close as possible to the conductor. They are happy to stand up to listen to orchestras and soloists playing symphonies, overtures and concertos by the world’s top composers– all for just £5.The festival has been going since 1895 and has always tried to be informal and relatively cheap. The Prommers – the classical music groupies who like to stand – typify this relaxed ethos. Before performances, they shout out jokes and every time the lid of the piano is lifted they shout “heave”in unison.One of the highlights of the Proms is the Last Night, which has a worldwide screening. Popular classics are played while the Prommers wave flags and sing along tothe catchy tunes. The Last Night is so popular with audiences that a ballot has to be held - several months in advance - so that everyone who wants a ticket has a chance of getting one. But it has been criticised by some for being too British and jingoistic.In recent years the Proms have grown so that they now include simultaneous screenings in other British cities, lunchtime concerts, talks, children’s Proms, film and r ock music, musicals, Indian classical music, and even tunes from the BBC series “Dr Who”. The expanding offer is proving popular with audiences old and new. Perhaps classical music isn’t quite so elitist, after all.词汇表snobbish 势利的，自傲的inaccessible 难以接触的，难懂的to change one's mind 改变某人对某事的看法all-comers 所有来者wide-ranging 范围广的a conductor （乐队）指挥an orchestra 管弦乐队a soloist 独唱者，独奏者a symphony 交响乐，交响曲an overture 序曲，序乐a concertos 协奏曲a composer 作曲者，作曲家a groupie 乐团迷，狂热追随者to heave 举起in unison 齐声，一致地a screening 播放catchy 琅琅上口的jingoistic 极端爱国主义的，大国主义的elitist 精英化的，高级的测验与练习1. 阅读课文并回答问题。

2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区东昌中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题1. The manager had fallen asleep where he __________, without undressing.A．had laid B．was lying C．was laying D．had lied 2. Mr Zhang is said __________ in American now, but I don’t know which state he is in.A．to have studied B．having studied C．to be studying D．to study 3. The visitors came to the railway station, only __________ that the train had left.A．to tell B．to be told C．told D．being told 4. He was speaking to his chemistry teacher __________ I saw him.A．for the first time B．the first time C．the first timewhen D．when the first time5. You’d better take something to read when you go to see a doctor __________ you have to wait.A．as if B．even if C．so that D．in case6. She is no longer the sweet girl __________ she used to be.A．what B．who C．that D．when7. Their school is built __________ there was a big rice field.A．what B．where C．in which D．which8. With the fast development of agriculture, the people ________ village I taught before had lived a happy life.A．who B．whose C．in whose D．in which9. The president stood up, __________ a friendly smile and began to make a speech.A．to give B．giving C．gave D．given10. There are cases __________ speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.A．why B．which C．where D．as Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Number of Steps a Day It Takes to Cut Risk of Early DeathNew research suggests exactly how many steps you need to take each day to reduce the risk of heart disease and early death. If you 11 (fail) in your pursuit of walking 10,000 steps a day —researchers have some good news for you.They found walking up to 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lowest risk of early death was 12 people who took 9,000 to 10,500 steps a day. When it came to avoiding heart attack, people 13 (manage) around 9,700 steps a day had the lowest risks.Experts have previously found people who spend a lot of time sitting while awake are more likely 14 (suffer) an early death and develop heart disease. It has been unclear 15 walking can balance out the effects of sitting down for most of the day — until now.A study, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, analysed data from 72,174 people 16 (age) around 61 from UK. Participants wore a device for seven days to measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year follow-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recorded. The results showed any amount of daily steps above 2,200 a day were linked to lower death and heart disease — 17 the rest of the day was spent being inactive.Julie Ward, a senior nurse in the U.K., said, “We encourage people to stay active for 18 heart and circulatory health by doing 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 19 fits into your lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away from your computer screen, going to the gym, enjoying exercise classes, or even getting off the bus one stop 20 (early) to get more steps in.”Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. topicB. developedC. arguablyD. increasinglyE. repeatedF. eventsG. shares H. individual I. influenced J. appeals K. literaryPoetry is a kind of writing in which the sound and meaning of groups of words express ideas or emotion in addition to the experiences or strong feelings the writer 21 . Unlike most other forms of writing, poetry is often written in lines, rather than paragraphs. Poetry also sounds different from other forms of writing, often using rhythm and rhyme to create an interesting sound when read aloud. Poetry catches the attention of a reader because it 22 to both emotions and senses.Sound is 23 the single most important aspect of any poem. The sound that any given word makes, or the sounds that come from specific groups of words used together, are what make poetry so unique as a form of writing. A typical story or report does not focus on the sounds that each 24 word makes when read. But poems generally contain few words, so it is important that each word plays a role in making an impact on the reader. Rhythm is the flow of sounds created by successive words in a poem. When you read a poem you can often hear this 25 pattern, or “beat” in the sounds. This is called meter.Some of the oldest and best-known poetry in the world came from Ancient Greece. As far back as 700 BCE, poets there recited their work at public 26 and religious ceremonies. The great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer came from Greece. The Greeks eventually 27 Roman poets, such as Virgil, who wrote the Aeneid 30 BCE. In medieval times, poems such as Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante. and The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written. Religion and romance became the 28 of choice for many poets at that time.Poetry 29 even more during the Renaissance period of history, an era of many great cultural achievements. This was the period during which Shakespeare, the most well-known poet, was making his mark! Needless to say, a trend had started. Poetry has continued to grow and change as a form of 30 expression in modern times.Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers who loved a good story — one with magic and danger, royalty and villains (恶棍). At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure — a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard. _________, the brothers began collecting their own stories, listening to the folktales people told them. Soon they_________ their own treasure — a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations to come.The brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children’s and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812. The collection which has been translated into more than 160 languages up to now is a publishing _________. The stories and their characters have appeared in theatre, opera, comic books, movies, paintings, rock music, advertising and even fashion.Such _________ would have shocked the modest Grimms. During their lifetimes the book sold few copies in Germany. The early editions were not even _________ children. They had no illustrations, and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales themselves. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm viewed themselves as _________ students of folklore. They began their work at a time when Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon. As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany.Long before the Grimms’ time, _________ developed in inns, barns, and peasant homes. During winter nights, as they sat spinning wood, women kept each other company and entertained each other with tales of adventure, romance and magic. _________, 40 such storytellers delivered tales to the Grimms, many of them coming to their house in Kassel. Although the brothers implied that they were just _________ the tales, Wilhelm polished and reshaped the stories up to the final edition of 1857. In an effort to make them more __________ to children and their parents, he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles. According to the Grimms, the collection served as “a manual of __________.” To this day, parents read them to their children be cause they approve of the lessons in the stories: keep your promises, don’t talk to strangers, work hard, obey your parents.So what __________ their popularity? Some have suggested that it is because the characters are always striving for happiness. But the truth probably lies in their __________. The Grimms’ tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without __________ of age or culture. The brothers’ skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror whatever moods or interests we bring to our __________ of them. And so it was that the Grimms’ fairy tales lived happily ever after.31.A．Inspired B．Disappointed C．Discouraged D．Relieved32.A．estimated B．produced C．sacrificed D．stocked33.A．medium B．partnership C．finding D．wonder34.A．quality B．wealth C．fame D．benefit35.A．marked as B．robbed of C．aimed at D．prevented from 36.A．intelligent B．hardworking C．peculiar D．patriotic37.A．collection B．storytelling C．entertainment D．meeting38.A．Besides B．Altogether C．However D．Similarly39.A．creating B．developing C．reviewing D．recording40.A．accustomed B．acceptable C．cruel D．compared41.A．manners B．parentship C．publishing D．adaptation42.A．results from B．depends on C．accounts for D．responds to43.A．appeal B．flexibility C．availability D．origin44.A．boundaries B．influences C．indications D．distributions 45.A．writing B．sharing C．reading D．beginning Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed‘Gas’ by his classmates.In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helpedhim to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit(经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.46. What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species?A．Examining plants and animals collected.B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.47. We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ________.A．used natural selection to develop new speciesB．enjoyed being called nicknames related to scienceC．learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicineD．argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period48. Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species?A．That he had ten children in all. B．His youngest son’s being disabled.C．That he lost his eldest daughter. D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.49. This passage is mainly about ________.A．Darwin’s passion for medical science B．Darwin’s theory and experimentsC．Charles Darwin’s changing interest D．Charles Darwin’s life and workA．adventure lovers B．foreign travellers C．creativeteenagers D．professional sportsmen51. Catherine would like to develop her confidence in a safe and positive atmosphere, so she can call ________ for more information.A．(800) 2223-3595 B．(888) 4209-7855 C．(886) 6817-2173 D．(212) 6743-4300 52. Lucy’s dream is to be a film actress, so she’d probably go to ________ to attend a camp.A．Colorado B．Oregon C．Texas D．New York“Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way to d o better in college, a research study finds.The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman year.“It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors, explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re probably going to get some studying done too.”Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people. They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had higher grade-point averages.Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor habits, studying less and earning lower grades.Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college grades.From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day, and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman year.53. The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________.A．achieve higher grades B．choose your friendsC．go to the library D．be lazy about studying54. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates?A．To further test the theory. B．To figure out more study habits.C．To put forward a new theory. D．To get more students to work hard.55. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students at Berea College?A．How many studious friends they have.B．How they comment on their friends’ grades.C．How much time they spent studying each day.D．How they thought of their own college grades.56. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students?A．If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend.B．If you want to get on well with your roommates, you’d better work hard.C．If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time.D．If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects.A Recipe for Avoiding DisasterEvery log cabin homeowner has had those “what if” thoughts. What if conditions become so dry that a wildfire starts near my cabin? What if the rain is so relentless that the lake outside my doorstep begins to overflow its banks? What if tornado-fueled winds threaten to destroy everything I’ve created?57 . That’s the bad news. The good news? There are ways you can use your landscaping to minimize the damage that extreme weather can cause and still have an attractive yard all at the same time. Here are a few tips for using your outdoor resources in a way that can lessen the impact of a natural disaster on your log home:WILDFIRES: The key to keeping fires from damaging your home is regular maintenance with a focus on how fires spread. Begin by removing dead plants like trees and shrubs promptly and trimming (修剪) any branches that overhang the property or have close contact with the log walls.58 . It’s also a good idea to install irrigation in a 50-foot radius around your home to help create a fireproofing perimeter.FLOODS: A massive amount of flooding that leaves your house and yard in standing water is a tall order in terms of prevention strategies, but more moderate flooding can be stopped with a few simple landscaping tricks. 59 . You can create extra drainage (排水系统) through the use of strategically placed stones and bushes that direct water away from the foundation.TORNADOES: To minimize the damage caused by the sudden gusts tornado weather brings, be sure to keep trees and shrubs trimmed. 60 .61. 栖息地 ________62. 非凡的；显著的 ________63. 精致的；精细的 ________64. 恐龙 ________65. 简图；图解 ________66. 计算；核算 ________汉译英67. 整容手术 ________68. 全新的；崭新的 ________69. 正在运行；正在操作 ________70. 在校园内 ________71. 试穿 ________72. 他总是对自己的工作充满了热情。

彩色超声结合乳腺钼靶在早期乳腺癌筛查中的临床价值刘庆刘庆，，姜建军姜建军，，陈薇盐城市大丰人民医院超声科，江苏大丰 224100摘要 目的 探讨彩色超声结合乳腺钼靶检查对早期乳腺癌筛查的意义。

方法 方便选择2020年1月—2023年6月盐城市大丰人民医院收治的疑似早期乳腺癌患者82例为研究对象，所有患者均经手术病理确诊，术前分别给予彩色超声、乳腺钼靶、两项结合检查，对不同检查方法的结果进行比较。

结果 两项结合检查灵敏度、特异度高于单项检查，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。

以病理诊断结果作为“金标准”，对于不同直径病灶的检出情况如下：直径<1.0 cm14例、1.0 cm<直径<1.6 cm 有40例、直径1.6~2.0 cm 有6例，联合检测对直径≤1.0 cm 、1.0 cm<直径<1.6 cm 病灶的诊断符合率分别为92.86%、97.50%，高于单一检测，差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.083、10.798，P <0.05），单一及联合检测对直径1.6~2.0 cm 病灶的诊断符合率比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。

结论 彩色超声结合乳腺钼靶检查用于早期乳腺癌筛查的结果可靠性更高。

关键词 钼靶；乳腺癌；彩色超声；检出率中图分类号 R 445445..1 文献标志码 Adoi10.11966/j.issn.2095-994X.2023.09.11.25Clinical Value of Color Ultrasound Combined with Mammography in Early Breast Cancer ScreeningLIU Qing, JIANG Jianjun, CHEN WeiDepartment of Ultrasound, Yancheng Dafeng People's Hospital, Dafeng, Jiangsu Province, 224100 ChinaAbstract Objective To explore the significance of color ultrasound combined with mammography in early breast cancer screening. Methods A total of 82 patients with suspected early breast cancer admitted to Dafeng People's Hospital of Yancheng City from January 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects conveniently. All patients were confirmed by surgery and pathology. Before surgery, color ultrasound, mam⁃mography and combined mammography were given respectively, and the results of different detection methods were compared. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the two combined tests were higher than those of the single test, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Using pathological diagnosis results as the "gold standard", the detection of lesions with different diameters is as follows: 14 cases with a diameter ≤1.0 cm, 40 cases with 1.0 cm<diameter<1.6 cm, and 6 cases with a diameter of 1.6~2.0 cm. The diagnostic accuracy of combined testing for lesions with a diameter ≤ 1.0 cm and 1.0 cm<diameter<1.6 cm were 92.86% and 97.50%, respectively, higher than those of single testing, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=11.083, 10.798, P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy of single and combined detection for lesions with a diameter of 1.6~2.0 cm (P >0.05). Conclusion The results of colorultrasound combined with mammography for early breast cancer screening are more reliable. Key words Molybdenum target; Breast cancer; Color ultrasound; Detection rate随着我国女性生活方式、工作方式的改变，乳腺癌在临床的发生率呈现增长趋势，对患者身体健康、生活* 器材应用与技术研究 *收稿日期：2023-09-05；修回日期：2023-09-25作者简介：刘庆（1984-），男，硕士，主治医师，研究方向为腹部、小器官。

初一英语雕塑艺术单选题50题(答案解析)1.There is a beautiful sculpture in the park. It is made of _____.A.woodB.paperC.clothD.glass答案：A。

解析：雕塑通常由石头、金属、木头等材料制成，公园里的雕塑一般不会是纸、布或者玻璃做的，木头比较符合实际。

2.The sculpture is very large. It looks _____ from a distance.A.smallB.bigC.tinyD.huge答案：D。

解析：前面说雕塑很大，从远处看应该是巨大的，huge 符合。

small 和tiny 表示小，与原文不符；big 没有huge 更能体现从远处看雕塑很大的感觉。

3.She likes the sculpture very much. _____ is very beautiful.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.They答案：A。

解析：雕塑是物，用it 指代，he 和she 分别指代男性和女性，they 指代复数，不符合。

4.The artist made the sculpture _____ carefully.A.veryB.tooC.quiteD.extremely答案：D。

解析：very、quite、too 都可以表示程度，但extremely 更能强调非常仔细地制作雕塑，更符合语境。

5.The sculpture is one of the _____ works in the museum.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well答案：C。

解析：one of the + 最高级，表示最……之一，good 的最高级是best。

6.This sculpture is different _____ that one.A.fromB.toC.withD.for答案：A。

武汉2024年10版小学3年级英语第4单元暑期作业(含答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:120）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 选择题：Which season comes after spring?A. WinterB. SummerC. FallD. Autumn答案:B2. 填空题：My uncle is a __________ (企业顾问).3. 选择题：What is the largest organ in the human body?A. HeartB. LiverC. SkinD. Brain答案: C4. 听力题：We have a ______ (test) in science tomorrow.5. 选择题：What do we call the process of separating solids from liquids?A. FiltrationB. DistillationC. EvaporationD. Precipitation6. 听力题：A sound that is high-pitched has a high ______ (frequency).I have a toy _______ that goes fast and makes cool sounds.8. 填空题：I have ______ at school.9. 填空题：The first man to walk on the moon was _______. (阿姆斯特朗)10. 选择题：What is the capital of Montserrat?a. Plymouthb. Bradesc. Little Bayd. Salem答案:a11. 选择题：What is the opposite of victory?A. DefeatB. SuccessC. WinD. Triumph答案:A12. 听力题：A _______ is a chemical that changes color in different pH levels.13. 听力题：I like to _____ (read) adventure stories.14. 听力题：The _____ (天空) is clear.15. 听力题：The sun is ______ in the sky. (shining)16. 选择题：What is the name of the famous festival celebrated in India?A. ChristmasB. DiwaliC. HalloweenD. Thanksgiving答案:BThe _______ can be a wonderful subject for photography.18. 填空题：I like to draw ______ in my sketchbook.19. 选择题：What do you call the sound made by a bell?A. DingB. BongC. RingD. Chime答案: D20. 选择题：What is a synonym for "fast"?A. QuickB. SlowC. SteadyD. Lazy答案: A. Quick21. 听力题：The __________ of an animal can vary greatly between species.22. (19) States has 50 states. 填空题：The ____23. 听力题：I like to _____ (swim) in summer.24. 填空题：We enjoy camping in the ________ (森林).25. 选择题：What do we call the art of folding paper into shapes?A. DrawingB. PaintingC. OrigamiD. Sculpting26. 听力题：Light from the sun takes about eight minutes to reach ______.27. 填空题：My cousin is a great __________ (运动员).The bubbles produced during a chemical reaction indicate the release of _______.29. 选择题：What is the capital of Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. CorinthD. Delphi答案: A30. 填空题：In science class, we learned about ________ (机器人). They can help with many ________ (任务).31. 填空题：The butterfly starts as a _______ (毛毛虫).32. 填空题：I have a close _____ (表弟).33. 填空题：The __________ (北极) is melting due to climate change.34. 选择题：What do we call the process of taking in food and breaking it down?A. DigestionB. RespirationC. MetabolismD. Absorption答案: A. Digestion35. ts bloom at _____ (夜晚). 填空题：Some pla36. 选择题：What is the name of the famous American writer known for his detective stories?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Arthur Conan DoyleC. Agatha ChristieD. Raymond Chandler答案:A37. 填空题：I enjoy playing with my _____ (玩具火车).A ____(climate policy) addresses global warming.39. 填空题：My dad tells me __________. (传说)40. 填空题：Insects like ladybugs can help control ______ (害虫).41. 选择题：What is 8 + 8?A. 12B. 14C. 16D. 18答案:C42. 选择题：What is the capital of Mexico?A. CancunB. GuadalajaraC. Mexico CityD. Tijuana答案: C43. 填空题：The hawk is known for its keen ______ (视力).44. 填空题：The ________ was a famous treaty that established peace.45. 选择题：What is the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. DolphinC. WhaleD. Octopus答案:C. Whale46. 听力题：The ______ helps students prepare for exams.47. 填空题：I can ______ (保持) a positive mindset.The _______ (Black Death) was a devastating plague in the 14th century.49. 填空题：The __________ was a period of severe economic downturn in the 1930s. (大萧条)50. 填空题：The _____ (陀螺) spins really fast.51. 听力题：The ______ is a skilled storyteller.52. 填空题：The __________ is a large lake located in Switzerland. (日内瓦湖)53. 听力题：The rabbit is ________ the hole.54. 选择题：What is the name of the famous landmark in Paris?A. Eiffel TowerB. Louvre MuseumC. Arc de TriompheD. Notre-Dame Cathedral55. 填空题：________ (观赏植物) are often used in landscaping.56. ry _____ (友好) and makes new friends easily. 填空题：She is v57. 填空题：The _______ (The French Revolution) inspired movements for change worldwide.58. 填空题：A ______ (绿色的草地) is inviting for picnics.59. 选择题：What is the main reason we see different phases of the moon?A. Distance from EarthB. Sunlight reflectionC. Earth's shadowD. Rotation speed60. 填空题：The fox is very _______ (聪明).Which vegetable is orange and looks like a stick?A. CarrotB. CucumberC. PotatoD. Lettuce答案:A62. 填空题：We should _______ each other.63. 听力题：My cousin plays the ____ (bass guitar) in a band.64. 选择题：What do you call a person who designs clothes?A. Fashion designerB. TailorC. SeamstressD. All of the above答案:D65. 填空题：The ancient Egyptians used _____ for writing.66. 听力题：I have _____ (ten/twenty) fingers.67. 选择题：What do you call a place where you can borrow books?A. BookstoreB. LibraryC. ClassroomD. Office68. 填空题：The _______ (鸟) can sing sweetly.69. 填空题：_____ (植物的用途) range from food to decoration.70. 选择题：What do you call a baby cow?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Foal71. 填空题：My _____ (玩具车) goes super fast.72. 填空题：The dog chases its _______ (狗追着它的_______).73. 听力题：He is a good ___. (player)74. 填空题：I like to ride my ________ (摩托车).75. 听力题：He is my best ________.76. 听力题：The chemical symbol for cesium is ______.77. 填空题：I enjoy making ________ (甜点) for celebrations.78. 听力题：The _____ (door) is open.79. 听力题：The ______ helps us understand different professions.80. 听力题：I see ________ in the water.81. 听力题：The bear catches its prey with _____ swift movements.82. 选择题：What do you call a group of bees?A. SwarmB. FlockC. SchoolD. Pack83. 填空题：古代的________ (warriors) 通常受到尊重。

Unit 1 THEORETICAL CHEMISTRYSection 1 Atomic structureLearning objectives:1 Identify and describe protons, neutronsand electrons in terms of their relativecharges and relative masses.2 Deduce the behaviour of beams ofprotons, neutrons and electrons in electricfields.3 Describe the distribution of mass andcharges within an atom.4 Deduce the numbers of protons, neutronsand electrons present in both atoms andions given proton and nucleon numbers(and charge).5 Describe the contribution of protons andneutrons to atomic nuclei in terms ofproton number and nucleon number.6 Distinguish between isotopes on the basisof different numbers of neutrons present.7 Describe the number and relative energiesof the s, p and d orbitals for the principalquantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the4s and 4p orbitals.8 Describe the shapes of s and p orbitals.9 State the electronic configuration ofatoms and ions given the proton number(and charge)10 Explain and use the term ionisationenergy11 Explain the factors influencing theionisation energies of elements12 Explain the trends in ionisation energiesacross a period and down a group of thePeriodic Table13 Deduce the electronic configurations ofelements from successive ionisationenergy data14 Interpret successive ionisation energy dataof an element in terms of the position ofthat element within the Periodic TableKey ideasThe nucleus is at thecentre of the atom andcontains the protonsand neutrons. Protonsand neutrons arecollectively known asnucleons.In an atom:number of electrons = number of protons = atomic numbernumber of protons + number of neutrons = mass number of the atom ( nucleon number ) e.g.In a cation:A cation is an atom losing electrons.number of electrons + relative charges of the cation = number of protons in the catione.g.Mg2+12Number of electrons in Mg2+ is 10.In an anion:An anion is an atom gain electrons.number of electrons = number of protons in the anion + relative charges of the anione.g.S2-16Number of electrons in S2- is 18.IsotopesAtoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.e.g.protons Neutrons mass numbercarbon-126612carbon-136713carbon-146814Electronic configurationsElectrons move very fast so that we can not fix their moving orbits. What we can only know is the spases around the nucleus where the electrons may be present. We call these spases orbitals.Shells - The electrons are found at considerable distances from the nucleus in a series of levels called energy levels or shells. Each energy level can only hold a certain number of electrons. Shells are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. These numbers are know as principal quantum numbers (symbol n)Subshells– The areas with different energy values in each shell. The subshells are ofdifferent types labelled s, p, d and f. Withineach shell the relative energies are d>p>sn subshells1 1s2 2s 2p3 3s 3p 3d4 4s 4p 4d 4f5 5s 5p 5d 5f6 6s 6p 6d 6f7 7s 7p 7d 7fcontain only one orbitalsorbitals Arrayporbitals contain three orbitals as follows:dorbitals: contain 5 orbitalsforbitals: contain 7 orbitalsHow to draw the electronic configuration of an atom with given proton number?Rule 1: Filling theorbtials from lower energy to higher energy. The order is shown below:Rule 2: Any individual orbital can hold one or two electrons with opposite spins but not more.Rule 3: Whenever possible, electrons will occupy orbitals singly.Rule 4: Elements 24(Cr) and elements 29(Cu) have variations in the pattern of filling the 3d subshell.Tips: s orbitals contain 2 electrons at mostp orbitals contain 6 electrons at mostd orbitals contain 10 electrons at mostf orbitals contain 14 electrons at mostFor example: Draw the electronic configuration of nitrogen atom.1s22s22p3(box form)Cr: [Ar]3d54s1Cu: [Ar]3d104s1Tips:‘[Ar]’ stands for 1s22s22p63s23p6 . It is the same as the electronic configuration of argon. Some times we use the noble gases’ symbols to stand for the part which has the same electronic configurations of noble gases in atoms.The rule for drawing electronic configurations of ions is mainly the same as atoms. The only difference is in cations. Atoms will lose the outer electrons at first to form cations.e.g.Fe: [Ar]3d64s2Fe2+ : [Ar]3d6but not [Ar]3d44s2Because electrons in the 4s orbital are the outer electrons.Amount of substances1)A r and M rDefinition of A r: the average mass of one atom of the element relative to the massof an atom of carbon – 12, which is given a mass of exactly 12.Definition of M r: the mass of a molecule of the compound relative to the mass of an atom of carbon – 12, which is given a mass of exactly 12.Definition: A mole of substance is the mass of substance of that has the same number ofparticles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon –12.Calculations:Mr or ArLMass spectra1) The experimental set – upA gaseous sample is hit by an electron beam which knocks electrons off the particles making them into positive ions:M(g) + e -→ M 2+ + 2e -These ions are accelerated in an electric field and aligned into an ion beam. The beam is passed through either an electrostatic field or a magnetic field or both where it is deflected. The deflected particles are then detected and recorded.2) The spectrumIonisation energies1) Definitions of ionisation energiesIonisation energies– the energy required to remove 1 mol of electronsfrom 1 mol of gaseous atoms/ions.(symbol ΔH i)The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+.(symbol ΔH i1)This is more easily seen in symbol terms.X(g) – e-→ X+(g) ΔH i12) Trends in the first ionisation energy across a period and down a group of thePeriodic TableΔH i1increases across a period but this is broken by falls between GroupII element and GroupIII element, and between Group V element and GroupVI element.For example ΔH i1(Be) >ΔH i1(B) , ΔH i1(N) >ΔH i1(O) , ΔH i1(Mg) >ΔH i1(Al) , ΔH i1(P) >ΔH i1(S) ΔH i1 decreases down a group.3) The factors influencing the ionisation energies of elementsAnalysisThe greater the net force is , the higher the first ionisation energy is.Conclusionsi) The charge on the nucleusThe more protons there are in the nucleus, the more positively charged the nucleus is, and the more strongly electrons are attracted to it.ii) The distance of the electron from the nucleus.Attraction falls off very rapidly with distance.iii) The ‘shielding’ effect by inner shellsThe more the electrons between the outer electrons and the nucleus are, the lower the first ionisation energy is.The 11 protons in the sodium's nucleus have their effect cut down by the 10 inner electrons. The outer electron therefore only feels a net pull of approximately 1+ from the centre. This lessening of the pull of the nucleus by inner electrons is known as screening or shielding.iv) Whether the electron is on its own in an orbital or paired with another electron.Two electrons in the same orbital experience a bit of repulsion from each other. This offsets the attraction of the nucleus, so that paired electrons are removed rather more easily than you might expect.4) Explaining the trends in first ionisation energies across a period and down a group of thePeriodic Tablei) across a period(Period 2 and Period 3)The upward trendThe increasing number of protons in the nucleus as you go across the period.The decreasing of the radius as you go across the period.The shielding effect is the same as you go across the periodThe fall at Group III elementsGroup II such as Be and Mg Group III such as B and AlBe 1s22s2 B 1s22s22p1Mg 1s22s22p63s2Al 1s22s22p63s23p1The 3p electron in aluminium is slightly more distant from the nucleus than the 3s, and partially screened by the 3s2 electrons as well as the inner electrons. Both of these factors offset the effect of the extra proton.The fall at Group VI elementsGroup V such as N and P Group IV such as O and SN 1s22s22p x12p y12p z1O 1s22s22p x22p y12p z1P 1s22s22p63s23p x13p y13p z1S 1s22s22p63s23p x23p y13p z1In the sulphur case the electron being removed is one of the 3p x2 pair. The repulsion between the two electrons in the same orbital means that the electron is easier to remove than it would otherwise be.The drop in ionisation energy at oxygen is accounted for in the same way.ii) down a groupThe effect of the extra protons is compensated for by the effect of the extra shielding electrons. The only factor left is the extra distance between the outer electron and the nucleus in sodium's case. That lowers the ionisation energy.5) Ionisation energies and electronic configurationsi)The number of the electrons of an atom = the number of the ionisation energiese.g.Sodium has 11 electrons in its atom. So sodium has ΔH i1 ,ΔH i2 , ΔH i3 , ΔH i4 , ... ... ΔH i11. ii) The jumps in these ionisation energies correspond the changes of shells.e.g.NaΔH i1ΔH i2ΔH i3ΔH i4ΔH i5ΔH i6ΔH i7ΔH i8ΔH i9ΔH i10ΔH i11510 4560 6940 9540 13400 16600 20100 25500 28900 141000 158700 jumpjumpn = 3 n = 2 n = 1So the electronic configuration of sodium is 2 , 8 , 1 .QuestionsMultiple choiceSection AFor each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider tobe correct.1 In which pair do both atoms have one electron only in an s orbital in their ground states?A Ca, ScB Cu, BeC H, HeD Li, Cr2 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.Hard water contains calcium ions and hydrogencarbonate ions arising from dissolved calciumhydrogencarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2.How many electrons are present in the hydrogencarbonate anion?A 30B 31C 32D 333 Skin cancer can be treated using a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, . A compoundcontaining the phosphide ion, wrapped in a plastic sheet, is strapped to the affectedarea.What is the composition of the phosphide ion,4 The isotopic composition of an element is indicated below.What is the relative atomic mass of the element?A 10.2B 10.5C 10.8D 11.05 John Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1808, contained four pr edictions about atoms. Which of his predictions is still considered to be correct?A Atoms are very small in size.B No atom can be split into simpler parts.C All the atoms of a particular element have the same mass.D All the atoms of one element are different in mass from all the atoms of other elements.6 The diagrams show the possible paths of subatomic particles moving in an electric field in avacuum.Which diagrams are correct?A 1 and 2 onlyB 1 and 3 onlyC 2 and 3 onlyD 1, 2 and 37 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.In forming ionic compounds, elements generally form an ion with the electronic structure ofanoble gas.Which ion does not have a noble gas electronic structure?A I–B Rb+C Sn2+D Sr2+8 The graph shows the first thirteen ionisation energies for element X.What can be deduced about element X from the graph?A It is in the second period (Li to Ne) of the Periodic Table.B It is a d-block element.C It is in Group II of the Periodic Table.D It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.9 A sample of chlorine containing isotopes of mass numbers 35 and 37 was analysed in a mass-spectrometer.How many peaks corresponding to Cl2+were recorded?A 2B 3C 4D 510 Gallium nitride, GaN, could revolutionise the design of electric light bulbs because only a smalllength used as a filament gives excellent light at low cost.Gallium nitride is an ionic compound containing the Ga3+ ion.What is the electron arrangement of the nitrogen ion in gallium nitride?A 1s22s2B 1s22s22p3C 1s22s22p4D 1s22s22p611 A radioactive isotope of thallium, , is used to assess damage in heart muscles aftera heartattack.Which statement about is correct?A This isotope has a nucleon number of 120.B The number of electrons in one atom of this isotope is 81.C The number of neutrons in one atom of this isotope is 201.D is an isotope of12The first six ionisation energies of four elements, A to D, are given.Which element is most likely to be in Group IV of the Periodic Table?13In which species are the numbers of electrons and neutrons equal?14What is the electronic configuration of an element with a second ionisation energy higher thanthat of each of its neighbours in the Periodic Table?A 1s22s22p63s2B 1s22s22p63s23p1C 1s22s22p63s23p2D 1s22s22p63s23p315In 1999, researchers working in the USA believed that they had made a new element and that ithad the following electronic structure.[Rn] 5f146d107s27p6In which Group of the Periodic Table would you expect to find this element?A IIB IVC VID 016What is the order of increasing energy of the listed orbitals in the atom of titanium?A 3s 3p 3d 4sB 3s 3p 4s 3dC 3s 4s 3p 3dD 4s 3s 3p 3d17Which of the following particles would, on losing an electron, have a half-filled set of p orbitals?A C–B NC N–D O+18The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of zinc. Use the data to calculate the relative atomic mass of the sample.A 65B 65.25C 65.5D 65.6619Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.It is now thought that where an element exists as several isotopes, the stable ones usuallycontain a ‘magic number’ of neutrons. One of these magic numbers is 126. Which isotope is unstable?A 209BiB 208PbC 210PoD 208T l20An atom has eight electrons.Which diagram shows the electronic configuration of this atom in its lowest energy state?21Which isotope of an element in the third period of the Periodic Table contains the same number of neutrons as22The successive ionisation energies, in kJ mol–1, of an element X are given below.8701800 3000 3600 5800 7000 13200What is X?A 33AsB 40ZrC 52TeD 53I23Unnilpentium is an artificial element. One of its isotopes isWhich of the following statements is correct?24The table gives the successive ionisation energies for an element X.What could be the formula of the chloride of X?A X C lB XC l2C X C l3D X C l425One of the most important chemical species responsible for the removal of ozone from thestratosphere is a free radical of chlorine, 35C l•.What does 35C l• contain?26 Which ion has more electrons than protons and more protons than neutrons?A D–B H3O+C OD–D OH–27 An element X consists of four isotopes. The mass spectrum of X is shown in the diagram.What is the relative atomic mass of X?A 91.00B 91.30C 91.75D 92.00Section BFor each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 maybe correct.Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick against the statements that you consider to be correct).The responses A to D should be selected on the basis ofNo other combination of statements is used as a correct response.1 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question.The technetium–99 isotope (99Tc) is radioactive and has been found in lobsters and seaweedadjacent to nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.Which statements are correct about an atom of 99Tc?1 It has 13 more neutrons than protons.2 It has 43 protons.3 It has 99 nucleons.2 The isotope cobalt-60 () is used to destroy cancer cells in the human body.Which statements about an atom of cobalt-60 are correct?1 It contains 33 neutrons.2 Its nucleus has a relative charge of 27+.3 It has a different number of neutrons from the atoms of other isotopes of cobalt.3 The first ionisation energies of successive elements in the Periodic Table are representedin thegraph.Which of these statements about this graph are correct?1 Elements B, J and R are in Group 0 of the Periodic Table.2 Atoms of elements D and L contain 2 electrons in their outer shells.3 Atoms of elements G and O contain half-filled p orbitals.Structured Questions AS CoreAnswer all the questions in the space provided1 In the 19th and 20th centuries, scientists established the atomic theory and showed that three sub-atomic particles, electron, neutron and proton, exist. The masses and charges ofthese three particles were subsequently determined.When separate beams of electrons, neutrons or protons are passed through an electric field in the apparatus below, they behave differently.(a) (i) Which of these three particles will be deflected the most by the electric field?.........................................(ii) In which direction will this particle be deflected? .................................................................................................................................(iii) Explain your answer. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................[4](b) (i) Define the term proton number. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................(ii) Why is the proton number of an atom of an element usually different from thenucleon number of an atom of the element? ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................[2](c) Protons and neutrons have been used in nuclear reactions which result in the formationof artificial elements. In such processes, protons or neutrons are accelerated to highspeeds and then fired like ‘bullets’ at the nucleus of an atom of an element.Suggest why neutrons are more effective than protons as ‘nuclear bullets’. ......................................................................................................................................... (2)(d) In some cases, when neutrons are fired at atoms of an element, the neutrons becomepart of the nucleus of those atoms.What effect does the presence of an extra neutron have on the chemical properties ofthe new atoms formed? Explain your answer. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... (2)[Total: 10] 2 Iron and cobalt are adjacent elements in the Periodic Table. Iron has three main naturallyoccurring isotopes, cobalt has one.(a) Explain the meaning of the term isotope. ......................................................................................................................................... (2)(b) The most common isotope of iron is 56Fe; the only naturally occurring isotope of cobaltis 59Co.Use the Data Booklet to complete the table below to show the atomic structure of56Feand of 59Co.[3](c) A sample of iron has the following isotopic composition by mass.(i) Define the term relative atomic mass. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................(ii)By using the data above, calculate the relative atomic mass of iron to three significant figures.[5][Total: 10] 3 The first six ionisation energies of an element X are given below.(a) Define the term first ionisation energy.......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .. (3)(b) Write an equation, with state symbols, for the second ionisation energy of element X. (2)(c) Use the data given above to deduce in which Group of the Periodic Table element X isplaced. Explain your answer.Group ............................................................................................................................... explanation ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .. (3)The first ionisation energies (I.E.) for the elements of Group IV are given below.(d) Explain the trend shown by these values in terms of the atomic structure of the elements. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... .. (4)[Total: 12] 4 (a) Define an isotope in terms of its sub-atomic particles. ......................................................................................................................................... .........................................................................................................................................[1](b) In a mass spectrometer some hydrogen chloride molecules will split into atoms. Themass spectrum of HC l is given. Chlorine has two isotopes. The hydrogen involved hereis the isotope only.(i) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 35? .............................................(ii) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 38? (2)(c) Use the relative heights of the peaks to determine the proportions of the two isotopesofchlorine. Explain simply how you obtained your answer.[2](d)Use your answer to (c) to explain why chlorine has a relative atomic mass of 35.5.[1][Total : 6] 5 Magnesium, Mg, and radium, Ra, are elements in Group II of the Periodic Table. Magnesium has three isotopes.(a) Explain the meaning of the term isotope................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (2)A sample of magnesium has the following isotopic composition by mass.(b) Calculate the relative atomic mass, A r, of magnesium to four significant figures.A r = ………………[2] Radium, proton number 88, and uranium, proton number 92, are radioactive elements. The isotope 226Ra is produced by the radioactive decay of the uranium isotope 238U. (c) Complete the table below to show the atomic structures of the isotopes 226Raand238U.[3](d) Radium, like other Group II elements, forms a number of ionic compounds.(i) What is the formula of the radium cation?………………(ii) Use the Data Booklet to suggest a value for the energy required to form one mole ofthe gaseous radium cation you have given in (i) from one mole of gaseousradiumatoms. Explain your answer................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (3)[Total: 10]Unit 1 THEORETICAL CHEMISTRYSection 1 Atomic structureMultiple choiceSection A1 D2 C3 A4 C5 A6 A7 C8 C9 B 10 D 11 B 12 C 13 D 14 B 15 D 16 B 17 C 18 C 19 D 20 B 21 D 22 C 23 B 24 C 25 B 26 D 27 BSection B1 A2 A3 AStructured Questions AS Core1 (a) (i) electron (1)(ii) towards the positive pole (1)(iii) electron has negative charge (1)electron has very small mass (1) [4](b) (i) the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (1)(ii) the nucleus usually contain protons and neutrons (1) [2](c) neutrons are uncharged (1)and are not repelled by protons in the nuclei of atoms (1) [2](d) no change (1)new atom/isotope formed has the same electronicconfiguration as the originalelement (1) [2][Total: 10] 2 (a) same proton no./atomic no./no. of protons (1)different mass no./nucleon no./no. of neutrons (1) [2](b)give one mark for each correct columnallow (1) if no column is correct but one row is correct [3](c) (i) weighted mean/average massof an atom (not element) (1)compared with 12C (1)one atom of 12C has a mass of exactly 12 (1)[relative to 1/12th the mass of a 12C atom would get 2]ormass of 1 mol of atoms (1) compared with 12C (1)1 mol of 12C has a mass of 12 g (1)(ii)allow 55.9 if Ar is calculated using 99.69 instead of 100 [5][Total: 10] 3 (a) Energy required to remove one electronfrom each atom (1)in one mole of (1)gaseous atoms of an element (1)(‘Energy change when one mole of gaseous atoms losesone mole of electrons’ would score all three marks.) [3](b) X+(g) → X2+(g) + e- equation (1)state symbols (1) [2](c) Group 5 (1)sharp rise in successive ionisation energiesbetween 5th and 6th IEs (1)indicating change to a different shell/energy levelor outer shell contains 5 electrons (1)[3](d) down the Groupatomic radii increase/outer electrons are increasingly further away (1)electrons are added to new shells/more shells (1)more shielding (1)despite increase in nuclear charge (1) [4][Total: 12] 4 (a) Atoms which have the same number of protons (or same element) butdifferentnumbers of neutrons (1)[1](b) (i) 35Cl (1)(ii) H37Cl (1) [2](c) H Clline at 36 has rel. abundance of 90 (1)38 30These show 35Cl and 37Cl in ratio 3:1 (1)[or use of 35 and 37][2](d) Mean of the two isotopes 3 x 35 + 1 x 37 = 35.5 (1)[1]4[Total: 6] 5 (a) same proton number/atomic number (1)different mass number/nucleon number (1) [2]which gives Ar = 24.33 (1)。

松江区2023学年度第二学期模拟考质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2024.4 考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、班级、姓名和考号。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

Ⅰ．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．At 8:00. B．At 8:15. C．At 8:30. D．At 8:45.2．A．A professor. B．A coach. C．An engineer. D．A nurse.3．A．In a restaurant. B．In a hairdres ser’s.C．At a cinema. D．At a tailor’s. 4．A．Ways to visit a university. B．Two student tour guides.C．A tour of Fudan University. D．The campus of Fudan University.5．A．They did not make it there finally.B．They were not well received there.C．They experienced something unpleasant on the way.D．They had a wonderful time before they arrived there.6．A．Excited. B．Interested. C．Confused. D．Annoyed. 7．A．Practice the presentation in front of him. B．Watch how he makes a presentation. C．Reduce the time spent in practicing. D．Find out who her audience will be.8．A．She is always absent-minded. B．She forgot to tell the man about it.C．She is unclear about Sophie’s plan.D．She slipped in the neighboring town. 9．A．Because it took him much time to go to work.B．Because he had to save money for his journey.C．Because the job arranged many business journeys.D．Because he considered it unlucky to have that job.10．A．Buy a new printer with less noise. B．Ask the man to borrow a printer.C．Read a book on how to fix the printer. D．Get someone to repair the printer.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．How encores came into existence. B．How bands perform encores properly.C．Why audiences used to need encores. D．Why encores are part of a performance. 12．A．The 17th century. B．The 18th century. C．The 19th century. D．The 20th century. 13．A．French people were more interested in encores than others.B．Bands usually prepare more than two encores for each show.C．Recording technology boosted audiences’ needs for encores.D．Musicians can get recharged during the break before encores.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14．A．Because of the rule for the class. B．Because of the course materials.C．Because the speaker changed his topics. D．Because the speaker disliked technology. 15．A．The students do not assess the speaker’s class fairly.B．The students are satisfied with the class environment.C．The speaker did not favor leaving technology at the door.D．The speaker were worried about students’ evaluation on him.16．A．It will stop students getting on well together.B．It may help students better understand themes.C．It will improve teaching effect by giving students more help.D．It may distract students from digging deep within themselves.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17．A．Doctor and patient. B．Salesman and customer.C．Teacher and student. D．Employer and employee.18．A．Fishing industry. B．Statistics. C．Computer modeling. D．Note-taking. 19．A．She is good at making model computers. B．She has decided on the title of the essay. C．She is uninterested in coping with statistics. D．She has always been weak at note-taking. 20．A．Learn to take notes immediately. B．Find out possible strategies alone.C．Read for more useful information. D．Work on her weaknesses by herself. Ⅱ．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Remote Work Slows Senior Housing Market RecoveryWith the rise of remote work, the market for senior housing has met with problems in its recovery. Only a few old people choose to live in senior-living communities （21）______the growing senior population and the cancelation of COVID-19 restrictions once making family visits difficult.（22）______ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. That is, remote work is keeping many older Americans from moving into senior-living communities once warmly （23）______（welcome）.When more adults began working remotely during the pandemic（流行病）, they were able to check in on aging parents easily —they （24）______ take care of their parents’ issues on short notice.Experts have been analyzing the phenomenon in different ways. Some found that the greater flexibility to care for parents （25）______（mean）people’s delay in sending aged parents to expensive senior-housing accommodations. Therefore, markets with high levels of people working from home usually have lower senior-housing occupancy rates. Others said remote work might have some effect but also pointed to different factors. For instance, many seniors think that their family wallets are getting thinner, making some of them reluctant （26）______（send）to senior-living communities.The age at which people enter senior housing is also increasing, （27）______serves as another sign that shows people are choosing to delay transitioning. The rising cost of senior living weighs heavily on that decision. The CPI （consumer-price index）for nursing homes and adult day services rose 4.5% last May compared with （28）______in May, 2022.Still, many senior-housing operators are optimistic. When （29）______（illustrate）their point, they showed an increase in the number of people turning 80 years old over the following years and the actual wealth they have collected. Moreover, they find remote work arrangements are decreasing in some parts of the country, （30）______ employees there have seen their lowered productivity while working from home.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A．accompanied B．allowed C．feasibly D．fueled E．intensity F．option G．prompting H．routine I．surgically J．underlying K．variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity 31 patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment alre ady used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other 32 . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are 33 . ranging from cancer to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has 34 a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But nomedical treatments work well for the condition, 35 experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues 36 implanted electrodes（电极）into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices 37 the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the 38 of pain, meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pa in based on the electrical signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity 39 severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why 40 painkillers are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The way of recording things has never ceased to develop. In the 1980s, as sales of video recorders went up, old 8mm home movies were gradually replaced by VHS （video home system）tapes. Later, video tapes of family holidays lost their appeal and the use of DVDs 41 . Those, too, have had their day. Even those holding their childhood memories in digital files on their laptops now know these files face the risk of 42 .Digitising historical documents brings huge benefits—files can be 43 and distributed, reducing the risk of their entire loss through physical damage caused by fire or flooding. And developing digital versions reduces44 on the original items. The International Dunhuang Project, 45 , has digitised items like manuscripts（手稿）from the Mogao caves in China, enabling scholars from around the world to access records easily without touching the real items.But the news that the Ministry of Justice of the UK is proposing to scan the 110 million people’s wills it holds and then destroy a handful of 46 after 25 years has shocked historians. The ministry cites this as a way of providing easier access for researchers. But that only justifies digitisation, not the 47 of the paper copies. The officials note the change will be economically efficient （saving around £4.5m a year）while keeping all the essential information.Scholars 48 . Most significantly, physical records can themselves carry important information — the kind of ink or paper used may be part of the history that historians are 49 . and error s are often made in scanning. Besides, digital copies are arguably more 50 than the material items, just in different ways. The attack from the Internet on the British Library last October has prevented scholars from 51 digitised materials it holds: imagine if researchers could not return to the originals. Some even think digitised information can easily be lost within decades no matter what 52 are put in place.The government says that it will save the original wills of “famous people for historic record”, such as that of Princess Diana’s. However, assuming that we know who will 53 to future generations is extraordinarilyproud. Mary Seacole, a pioneering nurse who now appears on the national school course in the UK, was largely54 for almost a century.The digitisation of old documents is a valuable, even essential measure. But to destroy the originals once they have been scanned, is not a matter of great 55 , but of huge damage.41．A．paused B．boomed C．recovered D．disappeared 42．A．getting outdated B．coming into style C．being fined D．making an error 43．A．deleted B．named C．copied D．altered 44．A．fight or flight B．life or death C．wear and tear D．awe and wonder 45．A．unfortunately B．additionally C．in summary D．for example 46．A．the originals B．the essentials C．the visualised D．the digitised 47．A．preservation B．classification C．publication D．destruction 48．A．applaud B．disagree C．discriminate D．withdraw 49．A．revising B．abandoning C．uncovering D．enduring 50．A．meaningful B．favourable C．resistant D．delicate 51．A．inventing B．adjusting C．accessing D．damaging 52．A．outcomes B．safeguards C．deadlines D．byproducts 53．A．matter B．respond C．lose D．live 54．A．spared B．discussed C．forgotten D．protected 55．A．sacrifice B．courage C．efficiency D．admirationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates.In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit （经遗传获得）characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856．Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well acc epted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.56．What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species?A．Examining plants and animals collected.B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.57．We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ______.A．used natural selection to develop new speciesB．enjoyed being called nicknames related to scienceC．learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicineD．argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period58．Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species?A．That he had ten children in all. B．His youngest son’s being disabled.C．That he lost his eldest daughter. D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.59．This passage is mainly about ______.A．Darwin’s passion for medical science B．Darwin’s theory and experimentsC．Charles Darwin’s changing interest D．Charles Darwin’s life and work（B）Welcome to Muir Woods! This rare ancient forest is a kingdom of coast redwoods, many over 600 years old. How to get here?People using personal vehicles must have reservations before arriving at the park. （Details at.）Muir Woods National Monument is open daily, 8 a. m. to sunset. Stop by Visitor Center to get trails（路线）and program information, and to take in exhibits.What’s your path?Enjoy a walk on the paved Redwood Creek Trail （also called Main Trail）. Choose short, medium, or long loops（环线）. Other trails go deep into Muir Woods and Mount Tamalpais State Park.（Refer to the map of Muir Woods on the right for details.）Ready to explore more?Muir Woods is part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidio, and Ocean Beach. Download the app at /goga.Stay safe and protect your park.Wi-Fi and cell service are not available. ·Watch for poisonous plants and falling branches. ·Do not feed or disturb animals. ·Fishing is prohibited in the park. ·Do not mark or remove trees, flowers, or other natural features. ·Go to the park website for more safety tips and regulations.AccessibilityWe make a great effort to make facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For information, go to Visitor Center, ask a ranger, call, or check our website.More InformationMuir Woods National Monument /muwo Mill Valley, CA 94941-269660．Muir Woods will probably attract ______.①redwood lovers ②hunting lovers ③fishing lovers ④hiking loversA．①②B．③④C．①④D．②③61．What can be learned from the passage?A．Muir woods is surrounded by highland and ocean beaches.B．Visitors can read electronic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Woods.C．Visitors are advised to call Visitor Center for safety tips and regulations.D．Reservations should be made if visitors drive private cars to Muir Woods.62．According to the map of Muir Woods, ______.A．Bridge 4 is the farthest from the parking lots of all bridgesB．Mill Valley is located on the southwest side of Muir BeachC．Bootjack Trail can lead one to Visitor Center from Bridge 3D．food and gifts can be bought on various sites in Muir Woods（C）Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the future which cannot be inferred from actually available information. Former US President Abraham Lincoln once revealed the frightening dream to his law partner and friend Ward Hill Lamon, “…Then I heard people weep… ‘Who is dead in the White House?’ I demanded. ‘The President,’ ‘he was killed!’…” The killing did happen later.Christopher French, Professor in the Department of Psychology at Goldsmiths, stated the most likely explanation for such a phenomenon was coincidence（巧合）. “In addition to pure coincidences we must also consider the unreliability of memory”, he added. Asked what criteria would have to be met for him to accept that precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, “The primary problem with tests of the claim is that the subjects are unable to tell when the event（s）they’ve dreamed about will happen.”However, some claimed to make such tests practicable. Professor Caroline Watt at the University of Edinburgh, has conducted studies into precognitive dreaming. She stated that knowing future through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science — causality （relationship of cause and effect）.Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has worked at the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may explain precognitive dreams. It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical descriptions to talk about things like electromagnetism（电磁学）, these descriptions favour the belief that time only moves in one direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in time does exist. This concept is called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the same when time runs forward or backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due to external conditions. “The key of the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that restores th e broken time-symmetry, if the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent multi-particle（多粒子）system. The brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken time-symmetry is partially restored. This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it shows where physics might be adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,” he explains.Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating phenomenon. 63．According to French, what makes it difficult to test precognitive dreams?A．Unavailability of people’s dreams.B．That coincidences happen a lot in reality.C．That criteria for dream reliability are not trustworthy.D．People’s inability to tell when dreamt events will happen.64．Believers in precognitive dreams may question the truth of ______.A．the assumption of causality B．the time symmetryC．memories of ordinary people D．modern scientific tests65．We can infer from the passage that ______.A．Lincoln was warned of the killing by his friendB．Watt carried out several experiments on causalityC．researches on electromagnetism are based on the time symmetryD．time’s moving in two directions may justify precognitive dreams66．Which might be the best title of the passage?A．Should Dreams Be Assessed?B．Can Dreams Predict the Future?C．How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams?D．Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams?Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A．Labeling poses even more of a problem when it comes to kids.B．It can be helpful for those not quite able to understand why they feel the way they do.C．There seems to be a desire to see negative emotions as something requiring intervention or diagnosis. D．Labeling leads to children’s overcoming their addiction to what is posted online.E．Someone has had only a certain experience and judges all behavior with that experience.F．The basic function of a diagnosis is to give you a name for those behaviors once felt unusual.Addiction to LabelingMaybe you’ve noticed it in the comments section of popular social media posts about anxiety. depression or things alike, with a number of people claiming to pick these labels for themselves.These days, labeling is everywhere. （67）______ However, the negative part is that it’s easy for someone to identify with the characteristics without truly recognizing the context in which these characteristics would require diagnosis, according to Charlotte Armitage, a registered integrative psychotherapist and psychologist.If you have done your research and genuinely feel that you have some form of mental health concern, then finally having a name for your behaviors can be great. But the risk is that many people will seek labels and intervention for any behavior, pattern or emotion that is outside of the permanent happy group that society has set as the norm. “（68）______ Then the saying ‘a little bit of knowledge is dangerous’ springs to my mind,” Armitage adds.（69）______“Children are still developing and evolving, and many childhood behavioral features may seem like those of a disorder when there’re other potential explanations for that behavior,” Armitage notes. Ideally, a diagnosis for a child should be carried out by a qualified mental health professional. So it is with an adult.Nevertheless, the most important thing to bear in mind is that diagnosis doesn’t mean to indicate that you are broken or less capable.（70）______ And if you go deeper, it can alert you to the fact that you are not alone, and that many people experience life in the same way as you do.Ⅳ．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71．Why Willing to Wait?First it was the fried chicken. Then a variety of fancy milkshakes. No matter what time it is or how bad the streets smell, there are plenty of people waiting in line for hours to get their hands on the food that everyone’s talking about. If you are not the type of person crazy for trendy foods, you probably wonder why someone would like to wait in a long line just to get a taste of a popular cream tea. There is a bit of psychology behind the craze of waiting before getting one’s chopsticks on a trendy food.People are born curiosity hunters, especially for fresh ideas, according to some experts. At the sight of a long waiting line, they just can’t help having a try. And when the trendy foods are novel in looks and favors, even innovative in their sales environment, the desire for them is upgraded. All those stimulate people to investigate more—to deal with their curiosity.In addition, having access to something that is sought out but hard to possess equips people with a feeling that improves their self-definitions. When someone is envied due to something he gained with efforts, his self-worth gets enhanced. Although it is yet to be determined whether the number of likes he receives on the photos of foods he’s posted online is connected with the level of envy from on-lookers, that feeling automatically becomes stronger.Even more, “mob psychology” comes into play: when many people are doing something—waiting in line for the sought-after milkshakes, for instance —others are eager to be part of the group and share such a type of social familiarity, kind of like the natural pursuit of a sense of belonging. Tasting the same wait-worthy food has something in common.Ⅴ．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．大多数中国人喜欢在生日的时候吃碗面。

probe 探针atrium 中庭，心房（atria ）heart values 心脏瓣膜ventricle 室，心室Doppler shift 多普勒频移artery 动脉blood flow 血流，血流量trace 踪迹carotid 颈动脉physiological 生理的misdiagnosis 误诊echo sounding 回声探测gallstones 胆结石breast masses 乳房包块tumors 肿瘤gray scale 灰度，灰阶spectral 光谱的hand-held 手提式，便携式scanner 扫描仪clinical 临床的，诊断的Sonography 超声波扫描术platform 平台chemotherapy 化学疗法Ultrasonic waves 超声波disruptive 破坏的malignant 恶性的，有害的transducer 传感器pulse 脉冲Disk Storage 磁盘储存器Piezoelectric Effect 压电效应electric currents 电流crystals 晶体propagate 传播，传送Receipt 接extensively 广阔地non-invasive 非侵入性的，非侵入的congenital 先天性的malformations 畸形Down syndrome 唐氏症polydactyl 多指畸形dysmorphia 畸形cleft lipn. [口腔] 唇裂；[胚][口腔] 兔唇amplitude 振幅duration 持续Amplification 放大Scan Converter 扫描变换器Vibrate 振动anatomical 解剖的，结构上的conventional 常见的vibrations 振动共鸣amplifier 放大器compensation 补偿sequence 序列，顺序format 格式，版式matrix 矩阵matrix 格式修改storage 存储therapeutic 治疗的blood clots 血栓kidney stones 肾结石Portability 可移植的Joint 关节rotating anode 旋转阳极fluoroscopic 荧光的image intensifier 图像增强器fluoroscopy 荧光镜检查radiography 放射线照相术electromagnetic [i,lektrəumæɡ‘netik] adj. 电磁的radiation [reidi'eiʃən] n. 辐射；发光；放射物Emitted v. 排放（emit的过去分词）；发散charged particles带电粒子photons ['fəu,təns] n. 光子；光量. penetrate ['penitreit] vt.洞察;穿透charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n. 费用；电荷；掌管decelerate 减速collision 冲突target 目标，靶子braking radiation 制动辐射bombarding 急袭的，爆炸的vacancy 空缺，空位electron [i'lektrɔn] n. 电子material [mə'tiəriəl] adj. 重要的；物质的accelerated 加速的Bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射region 地区electromagnetic spectrum 电磁谱elastically [i'læstikli] adv. 有弹性地；伸缩自如地Rebounding 弹回Photoelectric 光电的Compton Scattering 康普顿散射Pair Production 电子偶的产生Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射coherent [kəu'hiərənt] adj. 连贯的，一致的dominant ['dɔminənt] adj. 显性的；占优势的；支配的，统治的interaction processes 互动过程relevant 有关的cross-sections 横截面Photoelectric absorption 光电吸收linear attenuation coefficient 线性衰减系数probability of ···的概率Avogadro [avɔ'gadrɔ] n. 阿佛加德罗radiation intensity 辐射强度traversing 穿过，通过thickness 厚度molecule 分子Ionisation 电离作用release 释放free radicals 自由基，游离基hydrogen ['haidrədʒən] n. [化学] 氢peroxide [pə'rɔksaid] n. 过氧化氢；过氧化物excited molecules 受激分子Barium meal钡餐Flat Panel 扁平面板Formation 形成，构造incident 附带的Subject contrast 受照者对比度Sharpness 清晰度shortened form 简称signal to noise ratio 信噪比Penumbra 半影Focal spot 电子焦点，焦斑Quantum noise 量子噪声Grainy 粒状的exposure factors 曝光系数emulsion [i'mʌlʃən] n. [药] 乳剂；[物化] 乳状液；感光乳剂halide ['hælaid] adj. 卤化物的receptors n. 受体；接受器；神经末梢（receptor的复数）pixel n. （显示器或电视机图象的）象素（等于picture elementelectrode n. 电极；电焊条storage capacitor储存电容；[电] 储能电容器；存储电容器class substrate 玻璃基片flat panel detector 扁平面板探测器radiography 射线照相术fluoroscopy room 透视室ancillary equipment 辅助设备image intensifier tower 图像增强器control console 控制台energize the console. 激励控制台electric circuits 电路possibility of shock 振动的可能性Line Compensation 线性补偿ionization chamber 电离室，电离箱Anatomically Programmed Radiography （ APR）结构结构程控放射线照射术x-ray circuity x线间接性electromagnetic induction 电磁感应from cathode to anode 从阴极到阳极milliampere 毫安thermionic emission 热电子发射tube current 管电流Made radiolucent 使射线可透过的Photomultiplier detector assembly 光电倍增管检测装备fluorescent screen 荧光屏photodiode 光电二极管filament transformer 丝级变压器rectifier 整流器step up transformer 升压变压器V oltage Rectification 电压整流single phase 单相Half-Wave Rectification 半波整流voltage ripple 电压波纹quality and quantity 质量和数量constant positive voltage 正电压恒定Radiographic Rating Chart 影像评级图Angiogram 血管照影片Digital Subtraction Angiography 数字减影血管照影Coronary Arteries 冠状动脉thin fan beam 扇状束Serologic 血清学研究immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷phosphorylation 磷酸化作用kinase 激酶esophageal mucosa 食道粘膜endoscope 内窥镜cell carcinoma 细胞癌spinal cord 脊柱差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful(一把，少数)方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变：change, alteration,高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated广泛的：in an extensive survey执行：perform, carry out降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective,negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role）可能性：feasibility密切地：intimately难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的：potential, candidate, putative,缩写：abbreviations识别，辨别：discernment提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推测：presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction显著,优先的：prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,相同，同等并列：with a similar pattern to协同，加强：synergize with研究：analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致：which is in accord with the results，which corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常：aberration, abnormality重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反：On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contrary，in sharp contrast, contrary to what would be expected，Contrary to the expectation that，与一起：in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that。

2023届福建省厦门市高中毕业班适应性检测英语试题（三模）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解1．What do Weekly Writing Competition and Anthology Travel Writing Competition 2023 have in common?A．No entry fee is required.B．Local culture is the focus.C．There is maximum word count for entries.D．One entry per person for each week is allowed.2．What can be learned from Fiction Factory Flash Fiction?A．Top prize winner will be awarded $300.B．It is open to anyone from across the world.C．Children’s stories on any theme are greatly appreciated.D．Contest entries should be submitted before July 31, 2023.3．Which contest suits you most if you are interested in climate crisis?A．Weekly Writing Competition.B．Anthology Travel Writing Competition.C．Fiction Factory Flash Fiction.D．Imagine 2200.Dressed in a shiny metallic suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame is overshadowed by the red curtain of molten rock that bursts from the ground before her. The dramatic moment was captured (捕捉) in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984, during the final breathing of a multi-year-long eruption. Looking at the image, one can almost feel the volcano’s heat, hear its roar, and sense Krafft’s heart pounding as the volcanologist does what she loves most: bearing witness to our planet’s strong anger.Katia Krafft was a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field. She was born in the Rhine valley of northeast France in 1942, curing the height of World War II. The chaotic human world drove both Katia and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcanologist, to seek comfort in nature. The moment a volcano exploded, they dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event.The Kraffts used their videos of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of these disasters. It changed the ability to communicate volcano science. Their videos are credited as one of the primary reasons that officials in the Philippines took the warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffs didn’t live to see that eruption. The couple died less than two weeks earlier in Japan during a monstrous eruption, which claimed 41 other lives.Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job,” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster, Germany. Tiraboschi first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since. She now studies the processes at work deep below the volcanic peaks.4．What does the author want to tell us in paragraph 1?A．The importance of volcanology.B．The damage of a volcanic eruption.C．The difficulty of filming volcanoes.D．Katia Krafft’s passion for her work. 5．What can we know about the videos of explosive eruptions?A．They prevented a natural disaster.B．They served as a warning in Japan.C．They helped spread volcano science.D．They covered Mount Pinatubo’seruption.6．How did Katia influence Carla Tiraboschi?A．Katia’s death made her restless.B．Katia helped her with her research.C．Katia’s deeds inspired her career choice.D．Katia taught her to make a documentary. 7．Which of the following best describes Katia Krafft?A．Creative and honest.B．Brave and enthusiastic.C．Ambitious and outgoing.D．Determined and generous.About 5,300 years ago, people from the grasslands of modern-day Russia and Ukraine expanded rapidly across Eurasia. Within a few centuries these “Yamnaya” left a lasting genetic mark on populations from central Europe to the Caspian Sea. Today, archaeologists call them “eastern cowboys” for their livestock herding (畜牧) and highly mobile lifestyle.But one part of the classic cowboy picture was missing: horseback riding. Although cattle bones and solid carriages have been found in Yamnaya sites, horse bones are hard to find, and most archaeologists assumed people did not start to ride horses until at least 1,000 years later.In a new study published in Science Advances, researchers say they’ve found the earliest evidence of horseback riding not in the bones of ancient horses, but in their Yamnaya riders. “Everyone has focused on horse remains to get an idea of early horse riding,” says co-author and University of Helsinki archaeologist V olker Heyd. “Our approach was to look at humans.”The researchers looked at more than 150 bones unearthed in Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria — the western frontier of Yamnaya expansion. The Yamnaya were well-fed, healthy, and tall; the chemical composition of their bones showed protein rich diets consistent with herding cattle and sheep. But the bones showed signs of distinctive wear and tear. They also showed thick spots on the leg bone consistent with lots of time spent on the horse back. Healed injuries matched the kinds of damage a kicking horse might cause, or what sports medicine doctors today see in riders thrown from their horses.“In terms of trying to identify people riding horses, I think they’ve done the best job possible bioarchaeologically,” says bioarchaeologist Jane Buikstra. “That doesn’t mean it’sperfect, or convincing, ultimately.”More samples — including horse bones with signs of riding, such as bit marks or back bone damage from the weight of a rider — would help make the case, says CU bioarchaeologist Lauren Hosek. What the group has found “is really interesting”, she says. “But there’s a lot more work to be done when the risks of drawing the final conclusion are as high as the earliest horse riding.”8．Why are the archaeologists looking for the horse bones?A．To prove the Yamnaya’s rapid expansion.B．To confirm the Yamnaya’s herding variety.C．To further understand the lifestyle of Yamnaya.D．To trace the origin of the classic cowboy picture.9．How is Volker Heyd’s research different from others?A．It includes field trips.B．It focuses on human bones.C．It is based on horse remains.D．It compares the compositions of bones. 10．What do we know about the Yamnaya from Paragraph 4?A．Their bones bore the evidence of horse riding.B．Many Yamnaya people died from horse kicks.C．Their lifestyle of herding led to severe injuries.D．They mainly lived in Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria.11．What is Lauren Hosek’s attitude to the research findings?A．Objective.B．Favorable.C．Disapproving.D．Unclear.The universe, with its countless stars and galaxies, can be visually impressive, especially when we use high-powered telescopes to peer beyond the range of human vision. But what if we could hear those objects as well? That may sound impossible at first — how can sound travel through the vacuum of space? Isn’t the universe silent?Far from it, says Kim Arcand, an expert on data visualization at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Her team has found ways to strengthen distant sound waves that would otherwise be undetectable by human ears. They’ve also employed creative processing — taking visual data from infrared and X-ray telescopes and assigning notes to that data-to show celestial (天体的) phenomena via sounds. These “sonifications” (可听化) provide anew way for people to experience those awe-inspiring objects.Arcand, working with colleagues at the Smithsonian, Harvard and NASA, together with a Canadian science outreach team called SYSTEM Sounds, has been making these custom-made audio tracks that bring celestial images to life. An obvious match-up is to pair brighter parts of an image with louder sounds or to present longer wavelengths of light with lower-pitched sounds, and shorter ones with higher-pitched. Now, many of the tracks can be heard on YouTube, paired up with the images that inspired them, 16 of those sonifications have been put into an album called Universal Harmonies, which will be available on CD and streaming platforms beginning March 10.Aside from bringing science to a wider audience, Arcand also believes that sonification can bolster the science itself by allowing more people to contribute to our understanding of the universe. One of her goals, she says, is to show that “people who are blind or low-vision ... can also become part of the scientific enterprise.”For University of Toronto astrophysicist Matt Russo, who runs SYSTEM Sounds together with musician Andrew Santaguida, sonification has been a chance to bring together his two great passions — astronomy and music. It’s both an art and a science. “It was just instantly obvious that it was fun and rewarding,” he says.12．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A．Patterns of sound waves.B．Advantages of visualization.C．Processes of data analysis.D．Approaches to sonifications.13．How did Arcand’s team turn the images of universe into sounds?A．By uploading images onto streaming platforms.B．By pairing images with sounds through creative technology.C．By identifying and connecting different sound waves.D．By processing audio data with the help of SYSTEM Sounds.14．What does the underlined word “bolster” probably mean in paragraph 4?A．Support.B．Prove.C．Mirror.D．Lead. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．How Does Sound Come into Being?B．What Does the Universe Sound Like?C．Universe: The Mystery Uncovered D．SYSTEM Sounds: A Pioneer in Space二、七选五Eating too much salt is one of the causes of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, which kills an estimated 17.9 million people each year, according to the WHO. 16 .Most people in the world consume about 10.8 grams of salt a day, more than double the level recommended by both the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While salt is an essential nutrient, sodium (钠), accounting for 40 percent of it, narrows and hardens blood vessels (血管). 17 . In fact, many health organizations suggest that consumers dramatically reduce their sodium intake.Rather than salt from a shaker in the kitchen, the majority of sodium consumed by most Americans comes from packaged and prepared foods. 18 . Part of the reason is that years of adding too much salt to foods has reduced people’s taste sensitivity. “They don’t want to take the initiative to reduce sodium if there’s a competitor that has a higher content of salt.” the WHO’s Branca said.19 . They are demanded to improve public awareness around the dangers of an overly salty diet and force food producers to reduce salt levels through legal standards. The FDA also announces that it plans to change the rules for nutrition labels on food packages to indicate that they are “healthy.”The benefits of reducing salt intake begin relatively rapidly. Blood pressure starts falling within weeks for most people. 20 . “Your tongues will adjust to a reduction in salt, and you’ll be able to better taste the other flavors,” said Branca.A．Sensitivity to salt returns soon.B．That’s why they expect a certain amount of salt.C．Just consume no more than a teaspoon of salt a day.D．The U.N.’s health agency is calling on governments to take action.E．If more salt is kept in the body, it slowly puts up the blood pressure.F．It can also lead to brain attacks and other serious medical conditions.G．Food producers continue to add so much salt despite the known health risks.三、完形填空to build my own, but when I looked at the website’s official map, it turned out there were already a handful nearby. 24 , I decided to seek each of them out.I’ve since found six sites of these free book 25 . Without them, I would never have been able to “meet” people in my community. I quickly 26 my neighbors’ reading tastes, sorting through their small boxes of books. Each library is unique and shows the 27 of the person who built it, with 28 colors and designs. These Little Free Libraries are also the perfect way to 29 conversations with strangers.Since the pandemic began, Little Free Libraries have become a lifeline for many. They don’t 30 social distancing and everything is on an honor system. People 31 a book in exchange and some libraries have even become 32 food pantries (食品储藏柜) for people in need. In all the 33 they’ve taken on, these libraries have brought people together in a sense, especially when it feels like everything is trying to 34 us. Beyond conversation starters and personality 35 , Little Free Libraries find common ground — a precious thing, pandemic or not.21．A．explore B．search C．measure D．clean 22．A．district B．setting C．development D．architecture 23．A．promised B．explained C．thought D．proved 24．A．Secretly B．Fortunately C．Naturally D．Cautiously 25．A．exchanges B．giveaways C．reservations D．publications 26．A．corrected B．learned C．improved D．satisfied 27．A．appearance B．expression C．health D．personality 28．A．standard B．ordinary C．varying D．new 29．A．go on with B．strike up C．break in on D．act out 30．A．require B．permit C．deserve D．guarantee 31．A．leave B．order C．edit D．write 32．A．fancy B．traditional C．private D．temporary 33．A．subjects B．burdens C．forms D．risks 34．A．inform B．persuade C．surprise D．divide 35．A．balancers B．indicators C．testers D．separators四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

成都2024年05版小学四年级英语第3单元期末试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:120）A卷一、综合题(共计100题)1、What is the capital of Slovakia?A. PragueB. BratislavaC. BudapestD. Ljubljana答案:B. Bratislava2、What type of animal is a dolphin?A. FishB. MammalC. ReptileD. Amphibian答案: B3、听力题：The symbol for barium is _____.4、How do you say "good morning" in Italian?A. BuongiornoB. BuonaseraC. BuonanotteD. Ciao5、填空题：The ________ is a tiny creature that flies.6、What is the term for the distance around a circle?A. DiameterB. RadiusC. CircumferenceD. Area答案:C7、听力题：The _____ (市场) has fresh produce.8、What kind of animal is an octopus?A. MammalB. FishC. ReptileD. Mollusk答案: D9、填空题：My uncle is a skilled __________ (修理工).10、What do you use to write on paper?A. PaintB. PencilC. GlueD. Scissors答案:B11、听力题：I have a _____ of jellybeans. (bag)12、听力题：My ______ tells me about different cultures.13、听力题：The first permanent English settlement in America was _______.14、What is the name of the famous American author known for his works on adventure?A. Mark TwainB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck答案:A15、听力题：The ______ is a great motivator.16、听力题：The sun is ________ in the sky.17、What do we call the process of breaking down food in the body?A. DigestionB. AbsorptionC. AssimilationD. Ingestion答案: A18、填空题：The ______ (香味) of fresh herbs can enhance cooking.19、Which animal can fly?A. FishB. BirdC. DogD. Cat20、What do we celebrate on July 4th in the USA?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. ChristmasD. New Year答案:B21、填空题：The __________ (森林) helps clean the air.22、What is the opposite of ‘big’?A. LargeB. SmallC. HugeD. Tall23、填空题：I love to play ________ (桌游) with my family.24、Which animal is known for its ability to fly south for the winter?A. PenguinB. EagleC. SparrowD. Dolphin答案:C25、填空题：He is _______ at playing soccer.We should always be ________ (尊重) to others.27、听力题：The bumblebee collects pollen from _______.28、听力题：The Earth is the _____ planet from the sun.29、听力题：I like to _____ (ride/drive) my bike.30、What do we call the light given off by the sun?A. MoonlightB. StarlightC. SunlightD. Firelight答案:C31、填空题：The turtle is slow but very _______ (智慧).32、Which of these is a frozen dessert?A. CakeB. Ice creamC. CookieD. Pie答案:B33、填空题：My mother is a _____ (作家) and publishes books.34、选择题：What is the name of the famous painter known for his artwork of the Mona Lisa?A. Vincent van GoghB. Pablo PicassoC. Leonardo da VinciD. Claude Monet35、What is the name of the famous television show featuring a group of friends living in New York City?A. FriendsB. SeinfeldC. How I Met Your MotherD. The Office答案: AWe share our ___ (toys).37、Sea is a ________ (盐水湖). 填空题：The Dead38、What do you call a person who repairs computers?A. TechnicianB. EngineerC. ProgrammerD. Developer答案:A39、填空题：My __________ (玩具名) is great for __________ (活动).40、What is the color of a typical eggplant?A. GreenB. YellowC. PurpleD. Red答案:C41、填空题：The kangaroo keeps its baby in its _________ (育儿袋).42、听力题：A __________ is a geological feature that can shape human activities.43、选择题：Which creature is known for spinning webs?A. AntB. SpiderC. BeeD. Fly44、How many colors are in the flag of Canada?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four45、填空题：I love going to the ______ (艺术展) to see incredible works. It inspires my creativity.古代的________ (cultures) 通过艺术和宗教信仰表达自我。

2019版高考英语一轮复习高考提能练（十三）Module 1 Europe 外研版必修3编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2019版高考英语一轮复习高考提能练（十三）Module 1 Europe 外研版必修3）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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Module 1 Europe阅读理解·组块专练——练速度（本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)(限时:35分钟）Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·重庆市重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)Have you heard of the following people？ Maybe yes， maybe no. But they may be an inspiration for you。

The Tree LadyKate Sessions was an American botanist and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego, California. After becoming the first woman to graduate from the University of California, Berkeley，she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego。

Kate decided that San Diego needed trees more than anything else. Therefore this young woman single。

9A Unit4 Growing up知识点梳理词性转换lead领导(v./n.)→leader领导者(n.)simple简单的(adj.)→simply简单地，仅仅(adv.)nation国家，民族(n.)→national国家的(adj.)success成功(n.)→successful成功的(adj.) successfully成功地(adv.) succeed成功(vi.)achieve实现，达成(vt.)→achievement成就(n.)survive幸存(vt.)→survivor幸存者(n.)usual寻常的(adj.)→unusual不同寻常的(adj.)die死亡(vi.)→dead死亡的(adj.) dying临死的(adj.) death死亡(n.)短语、句型归纳1.What’s on your mind? 你有什么心事？on one’s mind 挂在心上，惦念in one’s mind 在某人看来make up one’s mind 下定决心change one’s mind 改变主意2. Growing up is hard! 长大真难啊！3. What’s up?=What’s the matter?=What’s wrong? 怎么了？4. build another one for yourself 为你自己建造另一个（房屋）build sth. for sb. 为某人建造某物5.Don’t wake me up until you finish building it. 直到你造完（房屋）再叫醒我。

finish doing sth. 完成做某事6. allow me to learn about people in different times and places使我能了解不同时期和地方的人allow doing sth. 允许做某事7. read them whenever I want to 无论何时我想读就读他们8. learn about the world through the Internet 通过因特网了解世界9. As soon as you click t he mouse, there’s a great deal of information.你一点击鼠标，就会有大量信息。

(14)栖息地 n. (15)大陆；大洲 n. (16)生态系统 n. (17)营养素 n. 20)居民 n.
_h_a_b_i_t_a_t ___ _c_o_n_t_i_n_e_n_t_ _e_c_o_s_y_s_te_m__ _n_u_t_r_i_en__t __ _s_t_r_a_te_g_y___ _f_u_r_t_h_e_r___ _r_e_s_id_e_n_t___
(8)___g_lo_b_a_l___(adj.)全球的;全面的→__g_lo_b__a_ll_y__(adv.)全球 地;全面地→__g_lo_b_a_l_i_ze__(v.)(使)全球化→__g_lo_b_a_l_iz_a_t_i_o_n_(n.) 全球化→____g_lo_b_e___(n.)地球仪;球体 (9)_a_p_p_l_ic_a_t_io_n_(n.)应用,运用;申请→___a_p_p_ly____(v.)申请 →__a_p_p_li_c_a_n_t_(n.)申请人 (10)o_r_g_a_n_i_z_a_ti_o_n(n.)组织;安排→___o_r_g_a_n_i_z_e(v.)组织→ __o_r_g_a_n_iz_e_r_(n.)组织者→__o_r_g_a_n_i_z_e_d(adj.)有组织的
(14)打扫干净 (15) 致力于做某事 (16)报名参加 (17)突然想到 (18)大量的 (19)抗议 (20)为....辩护
__c_le_a_n__u_p________ __b_e_d__ev_o_t_e_d__to__d_o_ing sth. __s_ig_n__u_p_________ __s_p_r_in_g__to__m__in_d___ __la_r_g_e__a_m_o_u_n_t_s_o_f_ __p_r_o_te_s_t_a_g_a_i_n_s_t__ __in__d_e_f_en__se__o_f____

小学上册英语第2单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Chemical changes are usually _____ (irreversible).2.The best time for a walk is in the ______ (清晨).3.The garden is _______ (种满了) vegetables.4. A chicken lays ______ (蛋).5.The __________ is known for its stunning architecture.6.The ______ produces oxygen for us.7.What do we call the process of changing from a tadpole to a frog?A. MetamorphosisB. TransformationC. EvolutionD. GrowthA8.The Earth's crust is constantly being recycled through the ______ cycle.9.I think it’s fun to learn about ________ (历史).10. A _____ (海豹) basks in the sun on the rocks.11.Carbon dioxide is produced when we __________ (呼吸).12.The ancient Greeks held the Olympic Games every __________ years. (四年)13.The ancient Sumerians are credited with inventing ________ (文字).14. A _______ grows in clusters.15.The color of litmus paper turns red in ______ solutions.16.The teacher taught us a new ________.17.Which animal is known for its long neck?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. CamelD. HorseB18.We will go ________ (海边) this summer.19.The ______ (种子) can be planted in the soil.20.What do you call a scientist who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. EcologistD. ChemistA21.What is the name of the famous space telescope?A. HubbleB. James WebbC. KeplerD. Chandra22.Road was important for trade between Asia and ________ (欧洲). The Spac23.My friend is very __________ (乐观的) about life.24.The __________ is the part of a flower that produces seeds.25.The _______ (老虎) is a symbol of strength.26.I love to visit my ________ (朋友) during weekends.27.My brother is interested in _______ (名词). 他想要 _______ (动词).28.The bear forages for berries in the sunny ____.29.The ______ has a unique call.30.What is the sound of a cat?A. MeowB. BarkC. QuackD. MooA31. A horse can run fast on the ________________ (田野).32.The alligator swims in the ____.33.My family has ______ members.34.He rides his bike ___. (fast)35.I have a toy _______ that glows in the dark and lights up my room.36.What is the capital of Vietnam?A. Ho Chi Minh CityB. HanoiC. Da NangD. Nha Trang37.Wildflowers grow without ______ (照顾).38.I like to ride my ________ (摩托车).39.What is the capital city of Samoa?A. ApiaB. Pago PagoC. MulifanuaD. Lalomanu40.What is the primary purpose of a map?A. To tell timeB. To guide travelersC. To measure distancesD. To show weatherB To guide travelers41.What is the capital of Fiji?A. SuvaB. LautokaC. NadiD. LabasaA42.The __________ was a period of great artistic achievement in Italy.43.I saw a _______ (小鸟) resting on a branch.44.The Earth's crust is made up of both continental and ______ components.45.My teacher is __________ (鼓舞人心的) and motivates us.46.The chemical formula for sodium silicate is __________.47.The chemical formula for glucose is _______.48.The ______ helps us learn about music.49.What do we call a series of events in a story?A. PlotB. ThemeC. SettingD. Character50.What is the name of the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. YangtzeD. MississippiB51.The duckling follows its _______ (母亲) everywhere.52.What is the main ingredient in tea?A. CoffeeB. WaterC. LeavesD. SugarC53.Which month has Valentine's Day?A. JanuaryB. FebruaryC. MarchD. April54.The leaves are _____ in autumn. (falling)55.My favorite actress is _______ (名字). 她的表演很 _______ (形容词).56.What do you call the tool used to write on paper?A. BrushB. PencilC. KnifeD. Ruler57.The crab scuttles across the _______ (沙子).58. A __________ is a substance that has a fixed composition.59.What do you call the part of the plant that grows underground?A. StemB. LeafC. RootD. FlowerC60. A reaction that requires a catalyst to proceed is called a ______ reaction.61.What is the capital of the Netherlands?A. AmsterdamB. RotterdamC. The HagueD. UtrechtA62.What is the currency used in the USA?A. EuroB. YenC. DollarD. Pound63.permaculture) design mimics natural ecosystems. The ____64.The __________ War was fought between the North and South in America. (美国内战)65.What do we call a person who studies the weather?A. MeteorologistB. ClimatologistC. GeologistD. Biologist66.The __________ is known for its vineyards.67.The __________ (历史的同情) can bridge divides.68.The symbol for antimony is _____.69.Which instrument is used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. StopwatchD. RulerB70.What do you call a story that is not true?A. FactB. FictionC. BiographyD. ReportB71.The chemical symbol for aluminum is _____ (Al).72. A meteor shower happens when many meteors enter the _____.73.What do you call the story of a person's life written by that person?A. BiographyB. AutobiographyC. NovelD. MemoirB74.What is the opposite of 'fast'?A. QuickB. SlowC. SteadyD. RapidB Slow75.Which day comes before Monday?A. SaturdayB. SundayC. FridayD. Thursday76.What instrument do we use to see distant objects?A. MicroscopeB. TelescopeC. PeriscopeD. BinocularsB77.The chemical formula for lithium carbonate is _______.78.The roots of a plant help it to absorb ______ (养分) from the soil.79.She is a _____ (设计师) who focuses on sustainability.80.How many colors are in the national flag of Japan?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4B81.h Revolution began in ______ (1789年). The Fren82.What is the name of the traditional Japanese dish made with rice and fish?A. PizzaB. SushiC. PastaD. BurgerB83.What do you call a large structure that holds water?A. ReservoirB. TankC. PoolD. BasinA84.I think it’s important to ________ (保持友好).85.What do we call the time it takes for the Earth to go around the sun?A. YearB. MonthC. DayD. HourA Year86.The flamingo stands gracefully on _______ (一条腿).87.How many legs does a dog have?A. TwoB. FourC. SixD. Eight88.The tortoise is known for its wisdom and ________________ (耐心).89.What do we call the act of giving someone a present?A. GiftingB. BestowingC. OfferingD. PresentingA90.The _____ (sun/moon) rises in the east.91.What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. NovosibirskD. KazanA92.Which planet is closest to the sun?A. VenusB. EarthC. MercuryD. MarsC93.What is 8 + 4?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 1494.The ________ (农业与生态整合) supports biodiversity.95.The __________ (果实的营养) is beneficial for health.96.Planting trees can help fight _____ (全球变暖).97.I want to ________ (travel) to Japan.98.What is the color of the sun?A. BlueB. YellowC. BlackD. Green99.The _______ of light can be affected by the angle at which it strikes a surface. 100.In a chemical reaction, the products are formed from the _______. (反应物)。

小学上册英语第三单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I like to _____ (listen) to stories.2.The owl has excellent ______ (夜视能力).3.My dad loves __________ (模型制作).4.What is the past tense of "go"?A. GoneB. WentC. GoD. Going5.What do we call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. Prime MeridianB. EquatorC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of Capricorn6.The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as _____ for their leaders.7.What type of energy do we get from the sun?A. NuclearB. SolarC. WindD. GeothermalB8.What do we breathe in?A. WaterB. AirC. FoodD. LightB9.__________ (水分子) are polar, allowing for hydrogen bonding.10.Our house has a _______ (花园).11.The ______ (小鱼) swims gracefully through the colorful coral.12.What do you call a young pig?A. CalfB. PigletC. FoalD. KidB13.What is a baby sheep called?A. CalfB. LambC. KidD. Foal14. A frog starts its life as a ______ in water.15.The __________ (历史的参与者) can influence outcomes.16.The ______ is the layer of rock that lies directly beneath the Earth's surface.17.What is the main ingredient in ice cream?A. MilkB. WaterC. JuiceD. Soda18.The process of extraction separates components based on their ______.19.The __________ (历史的回声) echoes through generations.20.The sun is _____ (shining).21.What is the term for a scientific test to prove or disprove a hypothesis?A. ExperimentB. ObservationC. TheoryD. ConclusionA22.Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar ______.23.The __________ is a popular destination for tourists in Europe.24.Which of these is a renewable resource?A. OilB. WaterC. CoalD. Gas25.My brother is _____ (young/old).26.What is the term for the distance light travels in one year?A. Light-YearB. Astronomical UnitC. ParsecsD. Cosmic Yard27.We are going to the ___. (planetarium)28.My ________ (姐姐) helps me study for my exams.29.My dog wags its _________ (尾巴) when happy.30.The __________ is a region known for its fishing.31.The _____ (鸟) is flying in the sky.32. A gecko can climb up ________________ (墙壁).33.of Mexico is located ________ (在美国南部). The Gupt34. A ________ (鱼) swims in the water and can be very colorful.35.My cousin is a talented ____ (photographer).36.I like to call my dog ____.37.中国的四大发明包括________ (papermaking) 和火药。

小学上册英语第4单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A ______ is a group of stars that form a pattern.2.What is the capital of Portugal?A. LisbonB. PortoC. FaroD. BragaA3.What do we call a young female sheep?A. EweB. LambC. KidD. Calf4.We are going to _____ a movie tonight. (watch)5.I have a ________ (火箭模型) that I built myself.6.The first manmade object to orbit Earth was _______ .7.Many plants have _____ (独特的特征) that help them survive.8.What is the capital of Chile?A. SantiagoB. ValparaísoC. ConcepciónD. La Serena9.I enjoy playing __________ with my sister. (棋盘游戏)10.I enjoy singing ________ (歌曲) with my friends.11. A _______ (海豚) is very intelligent.12.What do we call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of CapricornA13.My friend is a ______. He loves to read comics.14.The teacher gives us ________ (奖励).15.What is the name of the famous ship that sank in 1912?A. Queen MaryB. TitanicC. LusitaniaD. Andrea Doria16.The giraffe uses its long neck to reach ________________ (树叶).17.What color is the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. YellowD. Red18.小蝙蝠) hangs upside down during the day. The ___19.What is the name of the flower that symbolizes love?A. TulipB. RoseC. DaisyD. OrchidB20.What is the name of the device used to measure time?A. WatchB. ClockC. TimerD. All of the above21.The crow is a very _______ (聪明的) bird.22. A ______ (海豚) can perform tricks for people.23.I have a collection of _________ (毛绒玩具) from different countries.24.I want to _____ (learn) English.25.The teacher gives us ______ (homework) every day.26.The bee buzzes around the ______ (花). It collects ______ (花蜜).27.Which vegetable is known for its green color and is often used in salads?A. PotatoB. LettuceC. CarrotD. OnionB28.ssance artist Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the ______ (西斯廷教堂). The Rena29.How do you say "hello" in Spanish?A. BonjourB. HolaC. CiaoD. NamasteB30.I love to eat ___. (ice cream)31.The goldfish swims gracefully in the _______ (水中).32.During photosynthesis, plants convert _______ into glucose. (阳光)33. A _____ is a mountainous area.34.The ant is very _______ (团结) with its colony.35.What is the boiling point of water?A. 90°CB. 100°CC. 80°CD. 120°CB36.What do you call the device used to look at distant objects?A. MicroscopeB. TelescopeC. PeriscopeD. BinocularsB37.The chemical formula for potassium chloride is __________.38.What is 12 4?A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 7A39.My uncle loves to __________ (分享) his recipes.40.Vinegar is an example of an _______.41.The squirrel collects _______ (坚果) in the fall.42.Which of these is an insect?A. SpiderB. AntC. SnailD. Worm43.My ________ (玩具) has many accessories.44.What is the name of the famous wizard in a popular book series?A. GandalfB. Harry PotterC. MerlinD. Dumbledore45. A balanced chemical equation shows that matter is _____.46.The baby is ___ (sleeping).47.What is the name of the famous landmark in Paris?A. Big BenB. ColosseumC. Eiffel TowerD. Statue of Liberty48.My ________ (玩具名称) helps me with my creativity.49. A neutron has no electric ______.50.Which season is the coldest?A. SpringB. SummerC. WinterD. Fall51.The otter's thick fur keeps it warm in cold ________________ (水).52.We have a _____ (展览) at the museum.53.Which country is famous for maple syrup?A. USAB. CanadaC. MexicoD. BrazilB54.What do we call a house made of ice?A. CabinB. IglooC. TentD. Cottage55.What is the currency used in the United States?A. EuroB. DollarC. PoundD. YenB56.My favorite dessert is ______ (冰淇淋) topped with fresh ______ (水果).57.Flowers bloom in _______.58.What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. ChickB Kitten59.What do you call a device that converts sunlight into electricity?A. BatteryB. Solar PanelC. GeneratorD. TurbineB60.The law of conservation of mass means that mass is neither created nor ______.61.What is the main ingredient in butter?A. MilkB. CreamC. CheeseD. YogurtB62.The cat is ______ (sleeping) on the windowsill.63.The country famous for its warm climate is ________ (夏威夷).64.The _____ (椅子) is comfortable.65.What is the name of the famous art museum in New York?A. Tate ModernB. LouvreC. Metropolitan Museum of ArtD. National GalleryC Metropolitan Museum of Art66.What is 100 divided by 4?A. 20B. 25C. 30D. 35A 2567.I can ______ (swim) very well.68.I enjoy playing with my toy ________ (玩具名称) in the garden.69.The process of creating new substances is called ______.70.The _____ (street/road) is busy.71.I love to _____ stories before bedtime. (hear)72.An endothermic reaction absorbs _____ from its surroundings.73.What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo?A. KinshasaB. LubumbashiC. MatadiD. KisanganiA74.The rabbit can hop very _________. (快)75. A _______ is a substance that can dissolve in water.76.Which season comes after winter?A. FallB. SummerC. SpringD. Rainy77.The _______ has intricate patterns on its petals.78.The ancient Greeks are known for their mythology, including gods like ________.79.When it rains, I like to stay inside and _______ (动词). It’s cozy and _______ (形容词).80.The chemical reaction that occurs when food is digested is called ______.81.The __________ (历史的教育角色) cultivate understanding.82.Which of these is not a fruit?A. BananaB. CarrotC. AppleD. Orange83.The basic unit of a protein is an ________.84.Many rivers flow into the ________ Ocean.85.What do we call a snowman made of snow?A. SculptureB. FigurineC. Winter DecorationD. Snow Figure86.The chemical formula for manganese sulfate is _______.87.Which one is a planet?A. SunB. MoonC. EarthD. StarC88.What is the capital of Belize?A. BelmopanB. Belize CityC. San IgnacioD. CorozalA89.The ____ is a small animal that loves to hop around in fields.90.What is the opposite of "truth"?A. HonestyB. LieC. FactD. RealityB91.What is 3 x 3?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 992.The rabbit loves to find _______ (藏身之处) in the garden.93.The __________ is known for its ancient temples and pyramids. (埃及)94.What is the term for an animal that only eats meat?A. HerbivoreB. CarnivoreC. OmnivoreD. InsectivoreB95.My teacher helps us _______ (动词) better. 她很 _______ (形容词).96.What is the name of the toy that spins on the ground?A. FrisbeeB. TopC. Yo-yoD. Kite97.What do we call the protective covering of the human body?A. SkinB. HairC. BonesD. Muscles98.The bird is building a ______ (nest) in the tree.99.The city of Jakarta is the capital of _______.100.The process of evaporation occurs at the surface of a ______.。

literal
adj.字面上的
literature un.文学
3. breath n. 呼吸的空气 (1)catch one‘s breath 喘气；歇口气 take a deep breath 深呼吸 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 (2)breathe v. 呼吸
arise
vi.①起身起床起立 arise—arose—arisen ②出现/产生
A arise from B A因B产生/A由B引起
=arise out of =result from
说出下列句子中的arise是什么含义 1. Accidents often arise from / out of carelessness. 2. What problems may arise when humans are cloned? 3. A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
人教版选择性必修二 Unit 4 Journey across a vast land Words and expressions
词汇拓展
1.__p_l_e_a_s_a_n_t_adj.令人愉快的；友好的→__p_l_e_a_s_e_v.使...开心→__p_l_e_a_s_e_d__adj. 高兴的→_p_l_e_a_s_u_r_e n. 快乐；令人高兴的事 2.arise→___a_ro__se___→__a_r_is_e_n__vi.起身；出现；由...引起 3.____m_a_s_s_i_v_e__adj.巨大的；非常严重的→____m__a_s_s_i_v_e_l_y__adv.非常严重地 4.____l_it_e_r_a_ll_y__adv.字面上；真正地→___li_te_r_a_l__adj.字面上的；逐字的 →___l_it_e_r_a_tu_r_e___n.文学 5.____b_re_a_t_h____n.呼吸的空气；呼吸→__b_r_e_a_t_h_e__vi.呼吸 6.___sc__e_n_e_ry___n.风景；景色→____sc_e_n__e_____n.场景；布景；现场