企业会计准则存货英文财政部

新会计准则中英文会计科目对照表新会计准则中英文会计科目对照表中英文会计科目对照表如下:会计科目中英对照表会计科目 accounting subject顺序号serial number编号code number会计科目名称accounting subject会计科目适用范围accounting subject range of application一、资产类 1 1001库存现金 cash on hand2 1002 银行存款 bank deposit5 1015 其他货币资金 other monetary capital9 1101 交易性金融资产 transaction monetary assets11 1121 应收票据 notes receivable12 1122 应收账款 Account receivable13 1123 预付账款 account prepaid14 1131 应收股利 dividend receivable15 1132 应收利息 accrued interest receivable21 1231 其他应收款 accounts receivable-others22 1241 坏账准备 had debts reserve28 1401 材料采购 procurement of materials29 1402 在途物资 materials in transit30 1403 原材料 raw materials32 1406 库存商品 commodity stocks33 1407 发出商品 goods in transit36 1412 包装物及低值易耗品 wrappage and low value and easily wornout articles42 1461 存货跌价准备 reserve against stock price declining43 1501 待摊费用 fees to be apportioned45 1521 持有至到期投资 hold investment due46 1522 持有至到期投资减值准备 hold investment due reduction reserve47 1523 可供出售金融资产 financial assets available for sale48 1524 长期股权投资 long-term stock ownership investment49 1525 长期股权投资减值准备 long-term stock ownership investmentreduction reserve50 1526 投资性房地产 investment real eastate51 1531 长期应收款 long-term account receivable52 1541 未实现融资收益 unrealized financing income54 1601 固定资产 permanent assets55 1602 累计折旧 accumulated depreciation56 1603 固定资产减值准备permanent assets reduction reserve57 1604 在建工程 construction in process58 1605 工程物资 engineer material59 1606 固定资产清理 disposal of fixed assets60 1611 融资租赁资产租赁专用 financial leasing assets exclusively for leasing61 1612 未担保余值租赁专用 unguaranteed residual value exclusively for leasing62 1621 生产性生物资产农业专用 productive living assets exclusively for agriculture63 1622 生产性生物资产累计折旧农业专用 productive living assets accumulated depreciation exclusively for agriculture64 1623 公益性生物资产农业专用 non-profit living assets exclusively for agriculture65 1631 油气资产石油天然气开采专用 oil and gas assets exclusively for oil and gas exploitation66 1632 累计折耗石油天然气开采专用 accumulated depletion exclusively for oil and gas exploitation67 1701 无形资产 intangible assets68 1702 累计摊销 accumulated amortization69 1703 无形资产减值准备 intangible assets reduction reserve70 1711 商誉 business reputation71 1801 长期待摊费用 long-term deferred expenses72 1811 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets73 1901 待处理财产损溢 waiting assets profit and loss二、负债类 debt group74 2001 短期借款 short-term loan81 2101 交易性金融负债 transaction financial liabilities83 2201 应付票据 notes payable84 2202 应付账款 account payable85 2205 预收账款 item received in advance86 2211 应付职工薪酬 employee pay payable87 2221 应交税费 tax payable88 2231 应付股利 dividend payable89 2232 应付利息 interest payable90 2241 其他应付款 other account payable97 2401 预提费用 withholding expenses98 2411 预计负债 estimated liabilities99 2501 递延收益 deferred income100 2601 长期借款 money borrowed for long term101 2602 长期债券 long-term bond106 2801 长期应付款 long-term account payable107 2802 未确认融资费用 unacknowledged financial charges108 2811 专项应付款 special accounts payable109 2901 递延所得税负债 deferred income tax liabilities三、共同类112 3101 衍生工具 derivative tool113 3201 套期工具 arbitrage tool114 3202 被套期项目 arbitrage project四、所有者权益类115 4001 实收资本 paid-up capital116 4002 资本公积 contributed surplus117 4101 盈余公积 earned surplus119 4103 本年利润 profit for the current year120 4104 利润分配 allocation of profits121 4201 库存股 treasury stock五、成本类122 5001 生产成本 production cost123 5101 制造费用 cost of production124 5201 劳务成本 service cost125 5301 研发支出 research and development expenditures126 5401 工程施工建造承包商专用 engineering construction exclusively for construction contractor127 5402 工程结算建造承包商专用 engineering settlement exclusively for construction contractor128 5403 机械作业建造承包商专用 mechanical operation exclusively for construction contractor六、损益类129 6001 主营业务收入main business income130 6011 利息收入金融共用 interest income financial sharing135 6051 其他业务收入 other business income136 6061 汇兑损益金融专用 exchange gain or loss exclusively for finance137 6101 公允价值变动损益 sound value flexible loss and profit138 6111 投资收益 income on investment142 6301 营业外收入 nonrevenue receipt143 6401 主营业务成本 main business cost144 6402 其他业务支出 other business expense145 6405 营业税金及附加 business tariff and annex146 6411 利息支出金融共用 interest expense financial sharing155 6601 销售费用 marketing cost 156 6602 管理费用 managing cost157 6603 财务费用 financial cost 158 6604 勘探费用 exploration expense 159 6701 资产减值损失 loss from asset devaluation160 6711 营业外支出 nonoperating expense 161 6801 所得税 income tax 162 6901 以前年度损益调整prior year profit and loss adjustmentAccounting StandardsAuthoritative & interpretive literature. FASB, AICPA, SEC &more 新会计准则英汉对照目录Effective 2007 for Listed Companies1. 企业会计准则————————-基本准则（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises - Basic Standard）2. 企业会计准则第1 号————————-存货（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 1 - Inventories）3. 企业会计准则第2 号————————-长期股权投资（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 2 - Long-term equity investments）4. 企业会计准则第3 号————————-投资性房地产（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 3 - Investment properties）5. 企业会计准则第4 号————————-固定资产（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 4 - Fixed assets）6. 企业会计准则第5 号————————-生物资产（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 5 - Biological assets）7. 企业会计准则第6 号————————-无形资产（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 6 - Intangible assets）8. 企业会计准则第7 号————————-非货币性资产：）（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 7 - Exchange of non-monetary assets）9. 企业会计准则第8 号————————-资产减值（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 8 - Impairment of assets）10. 企业会计准则第9 号————————-职工薪酬（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 9 –Employee compensation ）11. 企业会计准则第10 号————————企业年金基金（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 10 - Enterprise annuity fund）12. 企业会计准则第11 号————————股份支付（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 11 - Share-based payment）13. 企业会计准则第12 号————————债务重组（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 12 - Debt restructurings）14. 企业会计准则第13 号————————或有事项（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 13 - Contingencies）15. 企业会计准则第14 号————————收入（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 14 - Revenue）16. 企业会计准则第15 号————————建造合同（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 15 - Construction contracts）17. 企业会计准则第16 号————————政府补助（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 16 - Government grants）18. 企业会计准则第17 号————————借款费用（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 17 - Borrowing costs）19. 企业会计准则第18 号————————所得税（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 18 - Income taxes）20. 企业会计准则第19 号————————外币折算（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 19 - Foreign currency translation）21. 企业会计准则第20 号————————企业合并（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 20 - Business Combinations）22. 企业会计准则第21 号————————租赁（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 21 - Leases）23. 企业会计准则第22 号————————金融工具确认和计量（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 22 - Recognition and measurement of financial instruments）24. 企业会计准则第23 号————————金融资产转移（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 23 - Transfer of financial assets）25. 企业会计准则第24 号————————套期保值（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 24 - Hedging）26. 企业会计准则第25 号————————原保险合同（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 25 - Direct insurance contracts）27. 企业会计准则第26 号————————再保险合同（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 26 -Re-insurance contracts）28. 企业会计准则第27 号————————石油天然气开采（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 27 - Extraction of petroleum and natural gas）29. 企业会计准则第28 号————————会计政策、会计估计变更和差错更正（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 28 - Changes in accounting policie and estimates, and correction of errors）30. 企业会计准则第29 号————————资产负债表日后事项（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 29 - Events occurring after the balance sheet date）31. 企业会计准则第30 号————————财务报表列报（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 30 - Presentation of financial statements）32. 企业会计准则第31 号————————现金流量表（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 31 - Cashflow statements）33. 企业会计准则第32 号————————中期财务报告（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 32 - Interim financial reporting）34. 企业会计准则第33 号————————合并财务报表（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 33 - Consolidated financial statements）35. 企业会计准则第34 号————————每股收益（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 34 - Earnings per share）36. 企业会计准则第35 号————————分部报告（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 35 - Segment reporting）37. 企业会计准则第36 号————————关联方披露（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 36 - Related party disclosure）38. 企业会计准则第37 号————————金融工具列报（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No. 37 - Presentation of financial instruments）39. 企业会计准则第38 号————————首次执行企业会计准则（Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No.38 - First time adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises）审计法Audit Law, Audit Act审计法实施条例the Implementary Rules of the Audit law审计标准audit criteria，audit standard审计准则auditing standard审计原则auditing principles审计手册audit manual公认审计准则Generally Accepted Auditing Standards审计法律规范audit laws and regulations审计体制audit system审计权限audit purview；audit jurisdiction；audit mandate 审计职责audit responsibility审计监督audit supervision；supervision through auditing 审计管辖权audit jurisdiction审计执法implementation of audit laws and regulations审计处理audit sanction审计处罚audit penalty依法审计conduct auditing in accordance with laws审计意见audit opinion审计决定audit decision审计建议audit suggestion, audit recommendation复核意见conclusion of audit review审计复议audit appeal审计听证audit hearing审计复核audit review审计战略audit strategy审计计划audit plan审计方案auditing program 审计目标auditing objective 审计范围audit scope审计内容audit coverage审计结论audit conclusion审计任务audit assignments 审计结果audit finding审计报告audit report审计方法audit method审计过程auditing process审计证据audit evidence审计测试audit test审计风险audit risk审计抽样audit sampling审计软件audit software审计程序auditing procedures 审计调查audit investigation 审计小组audit team审计线索audit trail工作底稿working paper绕过计算机审计auditing around the computer通过计算机审计auditing through the computer计算机辅助审计computer-assited audit信息技术审计IT audit合法性审计compliance audit, regularity audit合规性审计compliance audit综合审计comprehensive audit效益审计value for money audit （VFM audit）绩效审计performance audit财务审计financial audit财务报表审计financial statement audit财务收支审计audit of financial revenues and expenditures 决算审计final account audit经济责任审计accountability audit任中经济责任审计middle term accountability audit离任经济责任审计term-end accountability audit管理审计management audit项目审计project audit外部审计external audit内部审计internal audit政府审计government audit联合审计joint audit实地审计field audit期末审计final audit期中审计interim audit定期审计periodic audit初次审计initial audit初步审计preliminary audit事后审计post-audit事前审计pre-audit事中审计concurrent audit专项审计special audit法定审计statutory audit后续审计successive audit跟踪审计follow up audit全过程审计whole process auditing 突击审计surprise audit审计报告audit report标准报告standard report长式报告long-form report短式报告short-form report审计工作报告audit working report审计结果公告Announcement of Audit Findings审计长Auditor General副审计长Deputy Auditor General审计主任chief auditor资深审计师senior auditor审计师（员）auditor注册内部审计师certified internal auditor（CIA）注册信息系统审计师certified information systems auditor（CISA）注册公共会计师certified public accountant（CPA）特许会计师chartered accountant（CA）审计经费audit funds审计业务费audit operating expense审计专项经费special funds for auditing无保留意见:unqualified opinion保留意见qualified opinion无法表示意见: disclaimer of opinion否定意见:adverse opinion。

企业会计准则中英文目录一、总则 (General Principles)1.目的、作用和依据 (Objective, Role and Basis)2.会计准则的层次体系 (Hierarchy of Accounting Standards)3.会计政策与会计估计 (Accounting Policies and Accounting Estimates)4.会计平衡与会计核算 (Accounting Balance and Accounting Recording)5.会计信息质量 (Quality of Accounting Information)6.会计报告 (Accounting Reporting)7.会计信息的披露 (Disclosure of Accounting Information)二、资产 (Assets)1.现金与现金等价物 (Cash and Cash Equivalents)2.应付票据与应收票据 (Notes Payable and Notes Receivable)3.银行存款 (Bank Deposits)4.应收账款 (Accounts Receivable)5.其他应付款 (Other Accounts Payable)6.存货 (Inventory)7.长期股权投资 (Long-term Equity Investment)8.固定资产 (Fixed Assets)9.无形资产 (Intangible Assets)10.长期应收款 (Long-term Receivables)11.投资性房地产 (Investment Property)12.生产性生物资产 (Productive Biological Assets)13.油气资产 (Oil and Gas Assets)三、负债 (Liabilities)2.应付利息 (Interest Payable)3.应付股利 (Dividends Payable)4.应付票据与应收票据 (Notes Payable and Notes Receivable)5.应计费用 (Accrued Expenses)6.长期借款 (Long-term Loans)7.应付账款 (Accounts Payable)8.其他应付款 (Other Accounts Payable)9.预计负债 (Provisions)10.长期负债 (Long-term Liabilities)11.租赁负债 (Lease Liabilities)12.金融负债和金融资产净值表 (Financial Liabilities and Net Asset Value of Financial Assets)四、所有者权益 (Equity)1.实收资本 (Paid-in Capital)2.其他各类股东权益 (Other Shareholders' Equity)3.盈余公积 (Surplus Reserve)4.未分配利润 (Undistributed Profits)5.专项储备 (Special Reserves)7.减少股本 (Reduction of Share Capital)8.外币货币报表 (Foreign Currency Financial Statements)五、收入 (Revenue)1.主营业务收入 (Main Operating Revenue)2.其他业务收入 (Other Operating Revenue)3.政府补助 (Government Grants)4.资本公积 (Capital Surplus)六、费用 (Expenses)1.销售费用 (Selling Expenses)2.管理费用 (Administrative Expenses)3.财务费用 (Financial Expenses)4.税费 (Taxes)5.其他费用 (Other Expenses)6.计提费用和资产减值准备 (Accruals and Asset Impairment Provisions)七、附注 (Appendix)1.一般附注 (General Appendix)2.财务责任附注 (Financial Responsibility Appendix)3.重要会计政策与会计估计附注 (Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates Appendix)4.重要交易与事件附注 (Significant Transactions and Events Appendix)5.重要法律事项附注 (Significant Legal Matters Appendix)6.全面收购会计处理和合并附注 (Full Acquisition Accounting Treatment and Merger Appendix)7.资产、负债和所有者权益变动情况附注 (Changes in Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Appendix)8.指标说明附注 (Indicator Description Appendix)以上是企业会计准则的中英文目录，目录共涵盖了准则的主要内容，包括总则、资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用和附注等方面。

企业会计准则中英版企业会计准则是指对于企业会计核算和财务报告所制定的基本规则和规范。

它的主要目的是为了保证企业会计信息的真实性、完整性和透明度，为投资者、债权人、股东和其他相关利益者提供准确的财务信息，以便作出决策和评价企业财务状况的依据。

下面是企业会计准则中英版的主要内容。

第一章：总则这一章主要介绍了企业会计准则的基本原则和适用范围。

企业会计准则的基本原则包括真实性、公允性、连续性、谨慎性和稳定性。

它还规定了企业会计准则适用的范围，包括各类企业和各种经济业务的会计核算和财务报告。

第二章：会计要素和计量这一章主要介绍了企业会计中的基本要素和计量方法。

基本要素包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入和费用。

计量方法包括历史成本法、公允价值法和现值法等。

这一章还对企业会计中的会计准则和计量方法进行了具体的解释和说明。

第三章：会计准则和政策这一章主要介绍了企业会计中的准则和政策。

准则是指会计核算和财务报告的基本规则和规范，包括会计制度、会计政策和会计方法等。

政策是指企业根据实际情况和需要所采用的会计操作方法和处理方式。

这一章还对企业在会计核算和财务报告中应遵循的规定和要求进行了详细的说明。

第四章：会计核算和财务报告这一章主要介绍了企业在会计核算和财务报告中的具体内容和要求。

它包括会计凭证和原始凭证的管理、会计科目和账簿的设立、会计期间和会计年度的确定、财务报表和报表分析等。

这一章还对企业在会计核算和财务报告中应遵循的原则和规定进行了详细的说明。

第五章：财务预测与决策这一章主要介绍了企业在财务预测和决策中所应遵循的原则和方法。

它包括财务预测和决策的基本概念和过程、预测模型和方法、风险评估和控制等。

这一章还对企业在财务预测和决策中所需要的信息和数据进行了详细的说明。

第六章：监管和合规这一章主要介绍了企业会计中的监管和合规事项。

它包括会计监管的基本原则和机构、会计审计的要求和程序、会计内部控制的建立和运作等。

这一章还对企业在会计监管和合规中所需要履行的责任和义务进行了详细的说明。

企业会计准则——基本准则财政部令(2006)第33号根据《国务院关于<企业财务通则>、<企业会计准则>的批复》（国函[1992]178号]的规定，财政部对《企业会计准则》财政部令第5号）进行了修订，修订后的《企业会计准则——基本准则》已经部务会议讨论通过，现予公布，自2007年1月1日起施行。

部长：金人庆二○○六年二月十五日企业会计准则——基本准则第一章总则第一条为了规范企业会计确认、计量和报告行为，保证会计信息质量，根据《中华人民共和国会计法》和其他有关法律、行政法规，制定本准则。

第二条本准则适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的企业（包括公司，下同）。

第三条企业会计准则包括基本准则和具体准则，具体准则的制定应当遵循本准则。

第四条企业应当编制财务会计报告（又称财务报告，下同）。

财务会计报告的目标是向财务会计报告使用者提供与企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等有关的会计信息，反映企业管理层受托责任履行情况，有助于财务会计报告使用者作出经济决策，财务会计报告使用者包括投资者、债权人、政府及其有关部门和社会公众等。

第五条企业应当对其本身发生的交易或者事项进行会计确认、计量和报告。

第六条企业会计确认、计量和报告应当以持续经营为前提。

第七条企业应当划分会计期间，分期结算账目和编制财务会计报告。

会计期间分为年度和中期。

中期是指短于一个完整的会计年度的报告期间。

第八条企业会计应当以货币计量。

第九条企业应当以权责发生制为基础进行会计确认、计量和报告。

第十条企业应当按照交易或者事项的经济特征确定会计要素。

会计要素包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用和利润。

第十一条企业应当采用借贷记账法记账。

第二章会计信息质量要求第十二条企业应当以实际发生的交易或者事项为依据进行会计确认、计量和报告，如实反映符合确认和计量要求的各项会计要素及其他相关信息，保证会计信息真实可靠、内容完整。

第十三条企业提供的会计信息应当与财务会计报告使用者的经济决策需要相关，有助于财务会计报告使用者对企业过去、现在或者未来的情况作出评价或者预测。

财政部关于印发《企业会计准则第1号——存货》等38项具体准则的通知财会[2006]3号 2006年04月28日国务院有关部委、有关直属机构，各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局），新疆生产建设兵团财务局，有关中央管理企业：为规范企业会计确认、计量和报告行为，保证会计信息质量，根据《中华人民共和国会计法》、《企业会计准则--基本准则》等国家有关法律、行政法规，我部制定了《企业会计准则第1号--存货》等38项具体准则，现予印发，自2007年1月1日起在上市公司范围内施行，鼓励其他企业执行。

执行该38项具体准则的企业不再执行现行准则、《企业会计制度》和《金融企业会计制度》。

执行中有何问题，请及时反馈我部。

附件：企业会计准则（具体准则）二○○六年二月十五日附：企业会计准则（具体准则）1.企业会计准则——基本准则(2006年).doc2.企业会计准则第1号――存货（2006）.doc3.企业会计准则第2号――长期股权投资（2006）.doc4.企业会计准则第3号――投资性房地产（2006）.doc5.企业会计准则第4号――固定资产（2006）.doc6.企业会计准则第5号――生物资产（2006）.doc7.企业会计准则第6号――无形资产（2006）.doc8.企业会计准则第7号――非货币性资产交换（2006）.doc9.企业会计准则第8号――资产减值（2006）.doc10.企业会计准则第9号――职工薪酬（2006）.doc11.企业会计准则第10号――企业年金基金（2006）.doc12.企业会计准则第11号――股份支付（2006）.doc13.企业会计准则第12号――债务重组（2006）.doc14.企业会计准则第13号――或有事项（2006）.doc15.企业会计准则第14号――收入（2006）.doc16.企业会计准则第15号――建造合同（2006）.doc17.企业会计准则第16号——政府补助（2006）.doc18.企业会计准则第17号――借款费用（2006）.doc19.企业会计准则第18号――所得税（2006）.doc20.企业会计准则第19号――外币折算（2006）.doc21.企业会计准则第20号――企业合并（2006）.doc22.企业会计准则第21号――租赁（2006）.doc23.企业会计准则第22号――金融工具确认和计量（2006）.doc24.企业会计准则第23号――金融资产转移（2006）.doc25.企业会计准则第24号――套期保值（2006）.doc26.企业会计准则第25号――原保险合同（2006）.doc27.企业会计准则第26号――再保险合同（2006）.doc28.企业会计准则第27号――石油天然气开采（2006）.doc29.企业会计准则第28号――会计政策、会计估计变更和差错更正（2006）.doc30.企业会计准则第29号――资产负债表日后事项（2006）.doc31.企业会计准则第30号――财务报表列报（2006）.doc32.企业会计准则第31号――现金流量表（2006）.doc33.企业会计准则第32号――中期财务报告（2006）.doc34.企业会计准则第33号――合并财务报表（2006）.doc35.企业会计准则第34号――每股收益（2006）.doc36.企业会计准则第35号――分部报告（2006）.doc37.企业会计准则第36号――关联方披露（2006）.doc38.企业会计准则第37号――金融工具列报（2006）.doc39.企业会计准则第38号――首次执行企业会计准则（2006）.doc。

Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No.3—Investment PropertyChapter 1 General ProvisionsArticle 1 This standard is formulated in accordance with the “Accounting standard for Business Enterprises—Basic Standard”for the purpose of prescribing the recognition and measurement of investment property and the disclosure of related information.Article 2 Investment property is property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both.Article 3 The following items of investment property are dealt with by this standard:(a)a land use right that is leased out.(b)a land use right held for transfer upon capital appreciation.(c)a building that is leased out.Article 4 The following items are not investment property:(a)owner-occupied property, i.e.property held for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes.(b)property held as inventories.Article 5 the following items are dealt with under other appropriate Accounting Standards:(a)property constructed on behalf of others, which are dealt with under “Accounting standard for Business Enterprises No.15—Construction Contracts”.(b)rental income from, and sale and lease back of, investment property, which are dealt with under “Accounting standard for Business Enterprises No.21—Leases”.Chapter 2 Recognition and InitialMeasurementArticle 6 Investment property shall be recognized as asset when, and only when both of the following conditions are satisfied:(a)it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated with the investment property will flow to the enterprise;(b)the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably.Article 7 An investment property shall be measured initially at its cost. (a)the cost of a purchased investment property comprises its purchase prise, related taxes and fee, and other directly attributable expenditures. (b)the cost of a self-constructed investment property is its cost at the date when the construction or development is complete.(c)the cost of an investment property obtained in other ways shall be determined in accordance with the appropriate Specific Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises.Article 8 Subsequent costs incurred for an investment property that meet the recognition criteria stipulated in Article 6 shall be included in the cost of the investment property. Subsequent costs that fail to meet the recognition criteria in Article 6 shall be recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.Chapter 3 Subsequent Measurement Article 9An enterprise shall use the cost model for subsequent measurement of investment property at the balance sheet date, except as stipulated in Article 10 of this Standard.Subsequent measurement of buildings accounted for using the cost model is dealt with under “Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No.4—Fixed Assets”.Subsequent measurement of land use right accounted for using the cost model is dealt with under “Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No.6—Intangible Assets”.Article 10 If there is clear evidence that the fair value of an investment property can be reliably determinable on a continuing basis, the fair value model may be used for subsequent measurement of the investment property.Both of the following conditions shall be met if the fair value model is to be used:(a)there is a active property market in the location in which the investment property is situated;(b)the enterprise can obtain the market price and other relevant information regarding the same type of or similar properties from the property market, so as to reasonably estiamte the fair value of the investment property.Article 11 When the fair value model is used, no depreciation or amotization is provided for an investment property. The carrying amount of the investment property shall be adjusted to its fair value at the balance sheet date. The difference between the fair value and the original carrying amount is recognized in profit or loss for the current period.Article 12 Once a measurement model for investment property is chosen, an enterprise shall not change the model arbitrarily. A change from the cost model to the fair value model shall be accounted for as a change in accounting policy and dealt with in accordance with “Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises No.28—Changes in Accounting policies and Accounting Estimates and Corrections of Errors” .For investment property accounted for using the fair value model, achange from the fair value model to the cost model is not permitted.Chapter 4 TransfersArticle 13 Transfers to, or from, investment property shall be made when, and only when, there is a change in use, clearly evidenced by one of the following conditions:(a)commencement1of owner-occupation, for a transfer from investment property to owner-occupied property.(b)end of development with a view to sale, and commencement of an operating lease to another party, for a transfer from inventories to investment property.(c)end of owner-occupation, and commencement of being held to earn rentals2or for capital appreciation3, for an transfer from owner-occupied land use right to investment property.(d)end of owner-occupation, and commencement of an operating lease to ahother party, for a transfer from owner-occupation building to investment property.Article 14For a transfer from investment property carried at the cost model to owner-occupied property, or a transfer from owner-occupied property or inventories to investment property carried at the cost model, the carrying amount of a property before its transfer shall be regarded as the recorded amount after its transfer.Article 15For a transfer from investment property carried at the fair value model to owner-occupied property, its fair value at the date of transfer is regarded as the carrying amount of the owner –occupied property. The difference between the fair value and the original carrying amount is recognized in profit or loss for the current period.Article 16 For a transfer from owner-occupied property or inventories to investment property carried at the fair value model, the investment property is measured at its fair value at the date of the transfer. If the fair value at the date of transfer is less than the original carrying amount, the difference is charged to profit or loss for the current period. If the fair value at the date of transfer exceeds the original carrying amount, the difference is recognized in owners’equity.Chapter 5 DisposalsArticle 17 An investment property shall be derecognized on disposal or 1[kə'mensmənt] 名词n. [U][C] 1.开始,发端2.【美】学位授予典礼;毕业典礼2['rentl] 名词n. 1.租金;租金收入[C]The quarterly rental will be $50,000.每季度租金为五万元。

财政部关于印发《企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正》的通知文章属性•【制定机关】财政部•【公布日期】1998.06.25•【文号】财会字[1998]28号•【施行日期】1999.01.01•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】失效•【主题分类】会计正文*注：本篇法规已被《财政部关于公布废止和失效的财政规章和规范性文件目录(第八批)的决定》（发布日期：2003年1月30日实施日期：2003年1月30日）废止财政部关于印发《企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正》的通知（财会字〔１９９８〕２８号）国务院各部、委，各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅（局），新疆生产建设兵团：为了适应社会主义市场经济的发展，规范企业有关会计政策变更、会计估计变更以及会计差错更正的会计核算和相关信息披露，我们制定了《企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正》，现印发给你们，请布置所属的上市公司从１９９９年１月１日起执行，其他企业可暂不执行，执行中有何问题，请及时函告我部。

附件：１．企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正２．《企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正》指南中华人民共和国财政部一九九八年六月二十五日附件１：企业会计准则－－会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正引言１．本准则规范企业会计政策变更、会计估计变更以及会计差错更正的会计核算和相关信息的披露。

２．本准则的目的是当发生会计政策、会计估计变更和会计差错更正时，在最大限度地保证会计信息可比性的基础上，提高会计信息的有用性，便于财务报告使用者更恰当地理解的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等会计信息。

定义３．本准则使用的下列术语，其定义为：（１）会计政策，指企业在会计核算时所遵循的具体原则以及企业所采纳的具体会计处理方法。

（２）会计估计，指企业对其结果不确定的交易或事项以最近可利用的信息为基础所作的判断。

Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises—Basic StandardChapter 1 General ProvisionsArticle 1 In accordance with the Accounting Law of the People’s Republic1of China and other relevant2laws and regulations, this Standard is formulated3to prescribe the recognition, measurement and reporting activities of enterprises for accounting purposes and to ensure the quality of accounting information.Article 2 This Standard shall apply to enterprises(including companies) established within the People’s Republic of China.Article 3 Accounting Standard for Bussiness Enterprises include the Basic Standard and Specific Standards. Specific Standards shall be formulated in accordance with this Standard.Article 4 An enterprise shall prepare financial reports. the objective of financial reports is to provide accounting information about the financial position, operating results and cash flows, etc.4of the enterprise to the users of the financial reports, in order to show resunts of the management’s stewardship5, and assist6users of financial reports to make economic decisions.Users of financial reports include investors, creditors, government and its relevant departments as well as the public.Article 5 An Enterprise shall recognize, measure and report transactions or events that the enterprise itself have occurred.Article 6In performing recognition, measurement and reporting for accounting purposes, an enterprise shall be assumed to be a going concern.Article 7An enterprise shall close the accounts and prepare financial reports for each separate accounting period.Accounting periods are divided into annual periods(yearly)and interim71[ri'pʌblik] 名词n. 1.共和国;共和政体[C] The People's Republic of China was founded['faundid] in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。

企业会计准则中英文目录企业会计准则（英文：Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises，简称ASBE）是中国境内的企业会计领域的准则体系，主要适用于中国内地企业和境内注册的其他组织。

以下是企业会计准则的中英文目录。

一、总则1.目的和适用范围2.会计准则的层级结构和内容3.会计准则的制定和修订程序4.其他会计准则的适用二、计量基础和计量方法1.计量基础2.计量方法3.价值变动的处理4.可变现性和退化性的处理5.无形资产的计量方法6.财务工具三、资产1.资产的定义和分类2.计量基础和计量方法3.长期资产的会计处理4.低值易耗品、公益性捐赠和无偿资产的会计处理5.债务投资和长期股权投资的会计处理6.债券投资和其他债权投资的会计处理7.无形资产的会计处理四、负债1.负债的定义和分类2.计量基础和计量方法3.长期借款的会计处理4.债务减免、重组和债务转股的会计处理5.担保及抵押的会计处理6.发行债券的会计处理五、所有者权益1.所有者权益的定义和计量2.所有者权益变动的会计处理3.法定盈余公积和任意盈余公积的会计处理4.未分配利润的会计处理六、营业收入1.营业收入的确认方法2.营业收入的计量七、营业成本1.营业成本的确定方法2.库存成本的决定和核算方法3.营业成本期间计算和分配的方法八、营业税金及附加1.营业税金及附加的范围和会计处理九、费用1.费用的定义和分类2.投资收益和投资收益分配的会计处理3.产品销售费用、管理费用和财务费用的会计处理十、投资者合同和其他业务合同1.投资者合同和其他业务合同的定义和特性2.投资者合同和其他业务合同的会计处理十一、重要事项的会计处理1.不确定对利润的影响的会计处理2.法律和制度变化对会计处理的影响3.会计政策变更和会计估计变更的会计处理十二、其他综合收益1.其他综合收益与主体业务关系的会计处理2.其他综合收益项目的会计处理十三、关联方1.关联方的定义和分类2.关联交易的会计处理十四、系统、方法和程序的运用1.系统的设置和内部控制2.会计信息的披露和报告制度的内在逻辑3.记账和报表制度以上是企业会计准则的中英文目录。

．企业会计准则——基本准则(英文版)Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises:Basic StandardContentsThe People's Republic of ChinaAccounting Standard for Business Enterprises:Basic StandardChapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1. In accordance with "The Accounting Law of the People's Republic of China", this Standard is formulated to meet the needs of developing a socialist market economy in our country, to standardize accounting practice and to ensure the quality of accounting information.Article 2. This Standard is applicable to all enterprises established within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Chinese enterprises established outside the territory of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "enterprises abroad") are required to prepare and disclose their financial reports to appropriate domestic regulatory authorities in accordance with this Standard.Article 3. Accounting systems of enterprises are required to comply with this Standard.Article 4. An enterprise shao9ill accurately account for all its transactions actually taken place in order to provide reports of reliable quality on the economic and financial activities of the enterprise itself.Article 5. Accounting and financial reports should proceed on the basis that the enterprise is a continuing entity and will remain in operation into the foreseeable future.Article 6. An enterprise shall account for its transactions and prepare its financial statements in distinct accounting periods. Accounting periods may be a fiscal year, a quarter, or a month, commencing on first days thereof according to the Gregorian calendar.Article 7. The Renminbi is the bookkeeping base currency of an enterprise. A Foreign currency may be used as the bookkeeping base currency for enterprises which conduct transactions mainly in foreign currency. However, in preparing financial statements, foreign currency transactions are to be converted into Renminbi. This latter requirement app1ies to enterprises abroad when reporting financial and economic results to concerned domestic organizations.Article 8. The debit and credit double entry bookkeeping technique is to be used for recording all accounting transactions.Article 9. Accounting records and financia1 reports are to be compiled using the Chinese language. Minority or foreign languages may be used concurrently with the Chinese 1anguage by enterprises in autonomous areas of minority nationalities, or by enterprises with foreign investment, and by foreign enterprises.Chapter Ⅱ General PrinciplesArticle l0. The accounting records and financial reports must be based on financial and economic transactions as they actually take place, in order to objectively reflect the financial position and operating results of an enterprise.Article 11. Accounting information must be designed to meet the requirements of national macro-economy control, the needs of all concerned external users to understand an enterprise's financial position and operating results, and the needs of management of enterprises to strengthen their financial management and administration.Article 12. Accounting records and financial statements shall be prepared according to stipulated accounting methods, and accounting information of enterprises must be comparable and convenient to be analyzed.Article 13. Accounting methods used shall be consistent from one period to the other and shall not be arbitrarily changed. Changes and reasons for changes, if necessary, and their impact on an enterprise's financial position and operating results, shall be reported in notes to the financial statements.Article 14. Accounting and financial reports preparation must be conducted in a timely manner.Article 15. Accounting records and financial reports shall be prepared in a clear, concise manner to facilitate understanding, examination and use.Article 16. The accrual basis of accounting is to be adopted.Article 17. Revenue shall be matched with related costs and expenses in accounting.Article 18. Princip1e of prudence should be followed in reasonably determining the possible loss and expense.Article l9. The values of all assets are to be recorded at historical costs at the time of acquisition. The amount recorded in books of account shall not be adjusted even though a fluctuation in their value may occur, except when State laws or regulations require specific treatment or adjustments.Article 20. A clear distinction shall be drawn between revenue expenditures and capital expenditures. Expenditure shall be regarded as revenue expenditure where the benefit to the enterprise is only related to the current fiscal year; and as capital expenditure where the benefits to the enterprise last for several fiscal years.Article 21. Financial reports must reflect comprehensively the financial position and operating results of an enterprise. Transactions relating to major economic activities are to be identified, appropriately classified, and accounted for, and separately reported in financial statements.Chapter Ⅲ AssetsArticle 22. Assets are economic resources, which are measurable by money value, and which are owned or controlled by an enterprise, including all property, rights as a creditor to others, and other rights. Article 23. For accounting treatment, assets are normally divided into current assets, long-terminvestments, fixed assets, intangible assets, deferred assets and other assets.Article 24. Current assets refer to those assets which will be realized or consumed within one year of their acquisition, or within an operating cycle longer than a year. They include cash, cash deposits, short-term investments, accounts receivable, prepayments, and inventories, etc..Article 25. Cash and all kinds of deposits shall be accounted for according to the actual amount of receipt and payment.Article 26. Short-term investments refer to various of marketable securities, which can be realized at any time and will be held less than a year, as well as other investment with a life of no longer than a year. Marketable securities shall be accounted for according to historical cost as obtained.Income received or receivable from marketable securities in current period and the difference between the receipt obtained from securities sold and book cost shall be all accounted for as current profit or loss. Marketable securities shall be shown in book balance in accounting statement.Article 27. Receivables and prepayments include: notes receivable, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts prepaid and prepaid expenses, etc..Receivables and prepayments shall be accounted for according to actual amount.Provision for bad debts may be set up on accounts receivable. The provision for bad debts shall be shown as a deduction item of accounts receivable in the financial statement.All receivables and prepayments shall be cleared and collected on time, and shall be checked with related parties periodically. Any accounts receivable, proved to be definitely uncollectible according to state regulations, shall be recognised as bad debts and written off against provision for bad debts or charged to current profit or loss, if such provision is not set up.Prepaid expenses shall be amortized according to period benefiting, and the balance shall be shown separately in accounting statement.Article 28. Inventories refer to merchandise, finished goods, semifinished goods, goods in process, and all kinds of materials, fuels, containers, low-va1ue and perishable articles and so on that stocked for the purpose of sale, production or consumption during the production operational process.All inventories shal1 be accounted for at historical cost as obtained. Those enterprises keeping books at planned cost or norm cost in daily accounting shall account the cost variances and adjust planned cost (or norm cost) into historical cost periodically.When inventories issuing, enterprises may account them under the following methods: first-in first-out, weighted average, moving average, specific identification, last-in first-out, etc..All inventories shall be taken stock periodically. If any overage, shortage and out-of-date, deterioration and damage that need to be scrapped shall be disposed within the year and accounted into current profit or loss.All the inventories shall be disclosed at historical cost in accounting statement.Article 29. Long-term investment refers to the investment impossible or not intended to be realized within a year, including shares investment, bonds investment and other investments.In accordance with different situation, shares investment and other investments shall be accounted for by cost method or equity method respectively.Bonds investment shall be accounted for according to actual amount paid. The interest accrued contained in the actually paid amount shall be accounted for separately.Where bonds are acquired at a premium or discount, the difference between the cost and the face value of the bonds shall be amortized over the periods to maturity of the bonds.Interest accrued during the period of bonds investment and the difference between the amount of principal and interest received on bonds sold and their book cost and interest accrued but not yet received shall be accounted for as current profit and loss.Shares investment, bonds investment and other investments shall be shown separately in accounting statements at book balance.Bonds investment matured within a year shall be shown in the accounting statements separately under the caption of current assets.Article 30. Fixed assets refer to the assets whose useful life is over one year, unit va1ue is above the prescribed criteria and where original physical form remains during the process of utilization, including building and structures, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, tools and implement, etc..Fixed assets sha1l be accounted for at historical cost as obtained. Interest of loan and other related expenses for acquiring fixed assets, and the exchange difference from conversion of foreign currency loan, if incurred before the assets not having been put into operation or after been put into operation but before the final account for completed project is made, shall be accounted as fixed assets value; if incurred after that, shall be accounted for as current profit or loss.Fixed assets coming from donations shall be accounted through evaluation with reference to market price, wear and tear degree or determined the value with relevant evidence provided by contributors. Expenses incurred on receiving those donated fixed assets, shall be accounted for as the fixed assets value.Fixed assets financed by leasing shall be accounted with reference of the way fixed assets are accounted and shall be explained in notes to the accounting statements.Depreciation on the fixed assets shall be accounted according to state regulations. On the basis of the original cost, estimated residual value, the useful life of the fixed assets or estimated working capacity, depreciation on the fixed assets shall be accounted for on the straight line method or the working capacity (or output) method. If approved or conforming to relevant regulations, accelerated depreciation method may be adopted.Fixed assets' original value, accumulated depreciation and its net value shall be shown separately in accounting statement.The actual expenditures incurred in the purpose of acquiring or technical reforming the fixed assets before available to the users, shall be shown separately as construction in progress in accounting statement.The fixed assets must be taken inventory periodically. The net profit or loss incurred in discard and disposal, and also overage, shortage of fixed assets shall be accounted as current profit and loss.企业会计准则——基本准则(英文版)二Article 31. Intangible assets refer to assets that will be used by an enterprise for a long term without material state, including patents, nonpatented technology, trademark, copyrights, right to use sites, and goodwil1, etc..Intangible assets obtained through purchase shal1 be accounted for at actual cost. Intangible assets received from investors shall be accounted for at the assessed value recognised or the amount specified in the contract. Self-developed intangible assets shall be accounted at actual cost in the development process.All intangible assets shall be averagely amortized periodically over the period benefitted from such expenditures and be shown with unamortized balance in accounting statement.Article 32. Deferred assets refer to all the expenses that could not be accounted as current profit or loss tota1ly but should be periodically amortized in future years, including organization expenses, expenditures incurred in major repair and improvement of the rented in fixed assets etc..The expenses incurred in an enterprise during its preparation period shall he accounted for as organization expenses except those accounted into related property or material value. The organization expense shall be averagely amortized in a certain period of years after the operation starts.Expenditures incurred on major repair and improvement of the rented in fixed assets shall be averagely amortized by years in the period of leasing.All deferred assets shall be shown separately in accounting statements by its ba1ance not yet amortized.Article 33. Other assets refer to the long-term assets except all items mentioned above.Chapter Ⅳ LiabilitiesArticle 34. A liability is debt borne by an enterprise, measurable by money va1ue, which will be paid to a creditor using assets, or services.Article 35. Liabilities are generally classified into current liabilities and long-term liabilities.Article 36. Current liabilities refer to the debts which should be paid off within a year or an operating cycle 1onger than a year, including short-term loans payable, notes payable, accounts payab1e, advances from customers, accrued payro1l, taxes payable, profits payab1e, dividends payable, other payables,provision for expenses, etc..All current liabilities shall be accounted for at actual amount incurred. Liabilities incurred but the amount needed to be estimated shall be accounted for at a reasonable estimate, and then adjusted after actual amount was given.Balance of current liabilities shall be shown by item in accounting statements.Article 37. Long-term liabilities refer to the debts which will be redeemed after a year or an operating cycle longer than a year, including long-term loans payable, bonds payable, long-term accounts payable, etc..Long-term loans payable include the loans borrowed from f1nancial institutions and other units. It shall beaccounted independently according to the different characters of the loan and at the amount actually incurred.Bonds shall be accounted for at par value. When bonds are issued in premium or discount, the difference between the amount actually obtained and the par value shall be accounted independently, and be written off periodically by increasing or decreasing interest expenses of every period until bonds mature.Long-term accounts payable include accounts payable for importing equipments, accounts payable for fixed assets financed by leasing. Long-term accounts payable shall be accounted at actual amounts.Long-term liabilities shall be shown by item of long-term loans, bonds payable, long-term accounts payable in accounting statements.Long-term liabilities to be matured and payable within a year sha11 be shown as a separate item under the caption of current liabilities.Chapter V Owners' EquityArticle 38. Owners' equity refers to the interest of the investors remaining in the net assets of an enterprise, including capital of the enterprise invested in by investors, capital reserve, surplus reserve, and undistributed profit retained in the enterprise etc..Article 39. Invested Capital is the capital fund actually invested in the enterprise by its investors, whether it be in form of cash, physical goods or other assets for the operation of the enterprise. Invested Capital shall be accounted for at the amount actually invested.Amount of shares issued by a corporation shall be accounted for as capital stock at the face value of the shares issued.Specia1 appropriation allocated by the government to an enterprise sha1l be accounted for as government investment unless otherwise provided.Article 40. Capital reserve includes premium on capital stock, legal increment of property value through revaluation and value of donated assets accepted, etc..Article 41. Surplus reserve refers to the reserve fund set up from profit according to relevant governmentregulations.Surplus reserve shall be accounted for at the amount actually set up.Article 42. Undistributed profit refers to the profit reserved for future distribution or not distributed yet.Article 43. Invested capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit shall be shown by items in accounting statement. Deficit not yet made up, if any, shal1 be shown as a deduction item of owners' equity.Chapter Ⅵ RevenueArticle 44. Revenue refers to the financial inflows to an enterprise as a result of the sale of goods and services, and other business activities of the enterprise, including basic operating revenue and other operating revenue.Article 45. Enterprises shall rationally recognise revenue and account for the revenue on time.Enterprises generally recognise revenue when merchandise shipped, service provided as well as money collected or rights collecting money obtained.Revenue of long-term project contract (including labor service) shall be reasonably recognised, in general, according to the completed progress method or the completed contract method.Article 46. Return of sales, sa1es allowances and sales discount sha1l be accounted for as deduction item of operating revenue.Chapter Ⅶ ExpensesArticle 47. Expenses refer to the outlays incurred by an enterprise in the course of production and operation.Article 48. Expenses directly incurred by an enterprise in production and service provision, including direct labor, direct materials, purchase price of commodities and other direct expenses shal1 be charged direct1y into the cost of production or operation; indirect expenses incurred in production and provision of service by an enterprise is to be allocated into the cost of production and operation, according to certain criteria of allocation.Article 49. General and administrative-expenses incurred by enterprise's administrative sectors for organizing and managing production and operation, financial expenses, purchase expenses on commodities purchased for sale, and sales expenses for selling commodities and providing service, shal1 be direct1y accounted for as periodic expense in the current profit and loss.Article 50. The expenses paid in current period but attributable to the current and future periods shall be distributed and accounted for in current and future periods. The expenses attributable to the current period but not yet paid in current period sha1l be recognised as accrued expenses and charged to cost of the current period.Article 51. Enterprises shall generally calculate products cost every month.Costing methods shall be decided by the enterprise itself according to the characteristics of its production and operation, type of production management and requirements of cost management. Once it is decided, no change can be made arbitrarily.Article 52. Enterprises shall calculate expenses and costs on actual amounts incurred. Those adopting the norm costing, or planned costing in accounting for dai1y calculation shall reasonably calculate the cost variances, and adjust them into historical cost at the end of the month while preparing accounting statements.Article 53. Enterprises shall convert the cost of commodities sold and service provided into operating cost accurately and timely, then account current profit and loss together with periodic expenses. Chapter Ⅷ Profit and LossArticle 54. Profit is the operating results of an enterprise in an accounting period, including operating profit, net investment profit and net non-operating income.Operating profit is the balance of operating revenue after deducting operating cost, periodic expenses and all turnover taxes, surtax and fees.Net investment profit is the balance of income on externa1 investment after deducting investment loss.Net non-operating income is the balance of non-operating income after deducting non-operating expenses. Non-operating income and expenses have no direct relating with the production operations of an enterprise.Article 55. Loss incurred by an enterprise shall be made up according to the stipulated procedure.Article 56. Items that constitute the profits and the distribution of profits shal1 be shown separate1y in the financial statement. A distribution of profit plan which is not yet approved at time of publication of a financial statement is to be identified in notes to the financial statement.Chapter Ⅸ Financial ReportsArticle 57. Financial reports are the written documents summarizing and reflecting the financial position and operating results of an enterprise, including a balance sheet, an income statement, a statement of changes in financial position (or a cash flow statement ) together with supporting schedules, notes to the financial statements, and explanatory statements on financial condition.Article 58. A balance sheet is an accounting statement that reflects the financial position of an enterprise at a specific date.Items of the balance sheet should be grouped according to the categories of assets, liabilities and owners' equity, and shall be shown item by item.Article 59. An income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise within an accounting period, as well as their distribution.Items of the income statement should be arranged according to the formation and distribution of profit, and shall be shown item by item.Items of profit distribution part of the income statement may be shown separately in a statement of profit distribution.Article 60. A statement of changes in financial position is an accounting statement that reflects comprehensively the sources and application of working capital and its changes during an accounting period.Items of the statement of changes in financial position are divided into two groups: sources of working capital and application of working capital. The difference between the total sources and total applications is the net increase (or decrease ) of the working capital. Sources of working capital are subdivided into profit sources and other sources; applications of working capital are also subdivided into: profit distribution and other applications, all shall be shown item by item.An enterprise may also prepare a cash flow statement to reflect the changes in its financial position.A cash flow statement is an accounting statement that reflects the condition of cash receipts and cash disbursements of an enterprise during a certain accounting period.Article 61. Financial statements should include comparative financial information for the corresponding previous accounting period, When so required, if the classification and contents of statement items of the previous accounting period are different from that of the current period, such items should be adjusted in conformity with that of the current period.Article 62. Accounting statements should be prepared from the records of account books, completely recorded and correctly checked and other relative information. It is required that they must be true and correct in figures, complete in contents and issued on time.Article 63. Consolidated financia1 statements sha1l be prepared by the enterprise (acts as a parent company ) which owns 50% or more of the total capital of the enterprise it invested (acts as subsidiary ) or otherwise owns the right of control over the invested enterprise. Financial statements of an invested enterprise of special line of business not suitable for consolidation, may not be consolidated, but should be submitted together with the consolidated financial statements of the parent company.Article 64. Notes to the financial statements are explanatory to related items in the financial statement of the enterprise concerned so as to meet the needs to understand the contents of the statements. This should include mainly:(a) the accounting methods adopted for the current and previous accounting periods;(b) changes in accounting treatments between the current and prior periods, inc1uding the reasons for, and impact on the financial performance and status of the enterprise of such changes;(c) description of unusual items;(d) detailed information relating to major items listed in the accounting statements; and(e) any other explanations necessary to provide users with a clear view and understanding of the financial statements.Chapter X Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 65. The exp1anation of this Standard is the charge of the Ministry of F1nance.Article 66.This Standard will be effective as from 1 July,1993.。