口译笔记常用符号

英语口译笔记常用符号总结记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , a scend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards）↓下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, d eteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, s end to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri -val, a competitor)等意思。

口译笔记常用符号4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。

相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。

其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。

现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源：4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size…中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,…小primary (elementary), kid, children, mea n, petty,…凝聚ningju或者nju饕餮taotie或者ttie“戈”可以用来代替“武器”偏旁部首举例：简化汉字举例：4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。

一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如：impoverishment: impvrdebility: dbltrejuvenate: rjvndepartment: dptstandard: stdreference: rfr口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如：UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, …Intellectual property protection: IPPNK, SK, CN, US, UK…口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母：A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusualE: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flagG: government, GodH: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, HourI: I / we, my (our) party, eyeL: long, lengthen, prolongM: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm…N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, NorthO: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, completeP: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagshipQ: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficultyR: respect, representative, request, about, relations, returnS: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slimT: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapprovalU: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tipW: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downsX: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, killY: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip)从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。

口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。

二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。

在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。

口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。

记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。

人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。

顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。

影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。

即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。

因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

现场口译笔记符号汇总一、口译记录符号分类1、像形、会意符号：汉字属于象形文字，具有很强的表意功能，口译记录可以借用单个的汉字或它们的某些偏旁部首，然后再混合其它符号来表达一些概念。

e.g. 水水(上加一横表示干旱,下加一横表示洪灾)“口”表示“国家”、“民族”，在“口”的上面加上一个人头样的小圆圈“o”，这时“口”又可以用来表示"x国人"了2、像声符号：e.g: “U”与单词“you”希腊字母“γ”(gamma) 读作[ga:ma:]其发音近似英语单词“government”的读音，所以“γ”也常被用在口译记录中表示“government”(政府)或“governmental”(政府的)之意。

3、公共场所和行业标识：e.g: “P”，它表示的是“停车场”、“停放”之类的意思，口译记录，我们除了借用这一符号指代上述意义外，还可以将它们稍加引申来表达“中止”、“中断”、“停顿”、“停火”等意思。

再如：作口译记录时我们还可以用“十”来代表“医院”、“门诊部”等。

4、标点符号：e.g: “?”常被用来表示“问题”、“难题”等概念，因此口译过程中若涉及到“台湾问题”时，译员只记作“TW?”即可。

“：”可以表示与“说”有关的概念，如：“告诉”、“演讲”、“宣称”、“声明”、“认为”、“赞成”、“报怨”、“抗议”等；“……”表示“剩余”、“遗留问题”；“( )”则表示“包括”、“在……范围之内”、“封闭”、“闭关自守”、“禁闭”等意思。

、印刷符号：e.g: “∧”则表示“插入”、“干涉”、“介入”、“侵略”，而“／”则用来表示“删(剔)除”、“取消”6、数学符号：加号“+”可以表示“增加”、“补充”；“减号”“-”则表示“扣除”“减少”，而“≈”便用来表示“大约”、“几乎”；“∵”则可以表示“由于”“因为”等概念7、箭头符号：箭头符号直观、明了,使用得更多、更广泛 . e.g:右指箭头“→”常用来表示“派谴”、出国、“运往”、“前往”、“出口”、“向……传达”、“导致”等概念。

记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation涨价,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate腐烂变坏, depreciation小看轻视贬值减价reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。

口译中简单而常用的57种速记符号小编摘要：速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。

在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。

常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N 同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！奇观!有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。

记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。

人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。

顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。

影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。

即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。

因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。

1 常见笔记符号全球，世界，国际，global, international, world≰会议，研讨会，大会，conference, seminar, symposium, meeting(市)中心，中心的，downtown, center, central○空洞，无效，空白，invalid, ineffective, empty, blank, vacant, vacancy∞接触，联系，关系contact, link, touch，association, relationship∞合作，cooperation, work together, collaborate☺高兴，happy, pleased, delighted, pleasure, delight, joy不高兴，sad, unhappy, displeased✠不许，禁止，停止，stop, end, forbid+ 医院，医疗，hospital, medical＠关于，就，位于，通过，为了，as regard to, concerning, about, be located in, be situated in, through, for﹡（基本）点(basic) points／删除，消除，delete, cross out, eliminate, remove, clear up, omit∕∕与……相比而言，compared with, compared to·∕·双边，bilateral·∕一方面，on one hand∕·另一方面，on the other hand// 但是，可是，然而，but, however, nevertheless, although＆和，与，此外，而且，and, together with, with№第(几)，number°人，people, -ist, -cian, -er，-or△代表represent, on behalf, stand for△°代表，representative, agent☆优秀的，重要的，important, excellent, outstanding, fantastic, distinguished ☆°优秀人物，excellent people主持，preside, host, chair主持人，主席，总统，president, chairman, host□国，国家，state, country, nation▪国内，national, domestic∙国外，foreign, abroad, overseas□/□国与国之间，between countries出口，出国，export, go abroad□进口，到国内，import, come into our countryγ统治，政府，政府的，govern, government, governmentalγ°政府领导人，政府官员，government officials＃结束，结尾，end, finish, conclude, wind up, close, be over↑上升，增加，出现，建立，发展，加强，改善，提高，go up, increase, come into being, appear, emerge, develop, enhance, strengthen, promote,improve↓下降，减少，着陆，go down, decrease, lessen, reduce, abate, diminish, subside, landing←来自，起源，原因，由……造成，come from, origin, originate from, result from→造成，导致，到达，给，方向，结论是，lead to, result in, go to, arrive at, give，in the direction of, conclude, conclusion∽替换成为，be replaced as, substitute,交流，双向，对话，相互(的)，共有的，exchange, two-way, dialogue, mutual, one another, each other≈大约，约等于，大概，差不多，approximate, around, about, approach, close, near, roughly≠不等于，不平等，not equal to, inequality≠分歧，不同点，disagreement, discord, difference＝等于，相当于，意味着，be equivalent to, which means＞＜对立，冲突，conflict, clash, opposition↓压力，印象，印象深刻的，pressure, impression, impressed＜小于，少于，劣于，回顾，smaller than, less than, worse than, inferior to, look back on, in retrospect, review＞大于，多于，好于，展望，larger than, more than, better than, superior than, look into the future, look forward to, prospect≮不小于，不少于，不劣于，not smaller than, no less than, no worse than, not inferior to≯不大于，不多于，不好于，not larger than, no more than, no better than, not superior to＋和，加，正面的，多，and, add, addition, plus, positive, a lot, many, quitea few＋＋(比较级) 更，更多，更加，more,＋＋＋(最高级) 最多(的)，最大(的)，最高程度(的)，the most－减，负面的，少，subtract, subtraction, minus, negative, few, little－－(比较级) 更少(的)，更小(的)，less－－－(最高级) 最少(的)，最小(的)，the least×错误，不好，mistakes, errors, not good√正确，好，correct, good, okayi 工业(的)，industry∨胜利，成功(的)，victory, success, successful∑总和，合计，total, total amount, total value, add up to, amount to∪(像酒杯) 协议，合约，合同，agreement, treaty, contract∩转换，改变，transform, transition, switch↔属于，belong to∵因为，由于，because, as, for, since∴因此，所以，hence, therefore, so, so that？问题，什么，疑问，question, what, issue, doubt！重要，需引起注意，危险，当心，important, worth attention, danger, caution！！关心，重视，care, emphasize, pay attention to, attach importance to︰说，表明，是，speak, say, shows, demonstrate, be( ) 包括，包含，including, contain, cover, comprise￡英镑，pounds＄美元，dollars￥人民币，元，金钱，yuan, RMB, moneyY 同意，Y es, approve, agreed 今天，today.d 昨天，yesterdayd. 明天，tomorroww 本周，this week.w 上周，last weekw. 下周，next weeky 今年，this year.2y 两年前，two years ago10y. 十年后，ten years later以上是一些最常见的笔记符号。

口译笔记常用符号及缩略语1. 常用符号（1）数学符号+ 加上、和、另外、除此之外（plus, and, in addition to）－减去、缺乏/少（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of, etc）×错误、不、坏的（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, not, etc.）√对的、好的、积极的，表示赞成（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 多于、超过（bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 少于、不如、逊色于（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥大于或等于、不少于（more than or equal to, no less than）≤小于或等于、不多于（less than or equal to, no more than）= 同等、相当于、一致、公平(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to) 也表示“对手”的概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠不同于(be different from, etc. )；表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈大约(about/around, approximately, or so, etc.)Є属于（belong to）( ) 在……之间(among, within, etc. )；包括、包含、涉及、组成（include, within, contain, consist, compose, constitute, cover, enclose）( ) 表示“并列”的关系/ 否定、消除(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵由于、因为、幸亏（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴所以、因此、结果是（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥在……基础上（based on），影响、效果、压力、负担（influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）∥表示转折（but, however, although, nevertheless）☆重要的，突出的，伟大的1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential, substantial, consequential, principle, of great importance;2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous, well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy, grand, magnificent; 3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous marvelous; 4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, m表示“强调”emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate, highlight, attach great importance to, lay stress on, pay attention to˚ 表示“人”（person, people），因为它看起来像个人头。