which在非限制性定语从句的用法

关于which引导从句的小结：关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。

1. 引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. [ stock存货]商店应存有最畅销的货物。

This is the family which is planning to move to the city这是要搬进城里的一家。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句。

（1 ）用来指代一个句子。

Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。

（2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。

When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。

（3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。

练习1.[1. board董事会 2. data资料,数据 3. shareholder 【英】股东 4. on behalf of代表 5. guard保护]The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.which的先行词是谁？译文：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。

which引导的定语从句的用法which可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。

例如： He was reading a book, which was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。

（关系代词which 在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。

）He was reading a book, which he had bought from London. 他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。

（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语。

）which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解）， which仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

例如：He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。

把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境，被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句， which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明， which常可译为“这一点，这件事”。

［考题1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which［答案］ D［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰the shopping centre，应选用D选项中的关系代词which， which在该定语从句中充当主语。

学法新探关系代词as与which在定语从句中有时可以相互替换，但又有不同之处，稍不留心，极易使用不当，出现差错。

对此，笔者剖析了关系代词as与which在定语从句中的用法，以期能够帮助同学们准确把握和运用。

一、关系代词as与which在限制性定语从句中的用法关系代词as、which均可以用于限制性定语从句中，有时可以相互替换，但两者仍有着一定的差异，具体体现在：（1）当定语从句中的先行词为某物，且先行词前面有so,such,the same，as many/much等修饰语时，则只能用as引导限制性定语从句，不能用which引导。

比如：①It’s the same book as I bought yesterday.这本书和我昨天买的一样。

（不能用which代替as）②HongKong is so prosperous a city as is referred to as a shop-ping paradise.香港是一个繁荣的城市，被称为购物天堂。

(不能用which代替as)③These housed are sold atsuch a low price as people expected.这些房子按人们预料的那样低价出售了。

(不能用which代替as)（2）当先行词是表示某物的名词或代词时，且在从句中又做介词宾语时，则不可以用as引导限制性定语从句，只能用which引导限制性定语从句。

如：①Thisis the good car on which I spent all my money.这是我花了所有钱买的那辆好车。

（不能用as代替which）③This is the knife with which we cut the bread.这是我们切面包用的刀。

（不能用as代替which）③There is amountain of which the top is always covered with snow.有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。

非限制性定语从句用法一．关系代词Who、Whom、Which、As、WhoseWho指人，在从句中充当主语Whom在从句中充当宾语1.Lintao, who is our monitor, was praised by our teacher.(主语)2.Peter, whom you met in Paris, has arrived back from vacation. (宾语) Which 代指主句中的一个词或某一部分或整个句子1.The apple trees, which I planted, hasn’t produced any fruit.（一个词、宾语）2.I am taking some weight-loss pills, which are quite popular here.（一个词、主语）3.He said that we had never seen her before, which was not true.（一个部分）4.Jone passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.（整个句子）Whose 代指定语（名词所有格或形容词性物主代词）1.My cousin, whose body is slim, took part in the activities.2.Daniel, whose brother I share a room with, has gone abroad.二．关系副词when、whereWhere在从句中充当地点状语1.The toy is in the drawer, where I often keep them.2.The story happened in Hunan, where Chairman Mao was born. When在从句中充当时间状语1.I left on Sunday, when everyone was at home.2.We will set off next month, when he feels better.Why（不出现）用for which替换1.We couldn’t accept the reason, for which he was late. Exercise:。

which的用法及短语和搭配一、 which的基本用法which是英语中常用的关系代词，用于引导定语从句，通常用来表示选择或确定一个特定的事物。

1. 引导非限制性定语从句当which引导非限制性定语从句时，其前面往往有逗号隔开，“which”指代前面整个主句中的某个名词或名词短语。

例如：- The Internet, which has revolutionized the way people communicate, is widely used nowadays.（互联网已经彻底改变了人们交流的方式，现在被广泛使用。

）- My sister loves hiking in the mountains, which is both challenging and rewarding.（我姐姐喜欢在山上徒步旅行，这既具有挑战性也有回报。

）2. 引导限制性定语从句当which引导限制性定语从句时，表示对先行词进行选择或确定，并且该从句对先行词有必要进行修饰。

例如：- The book which you borrowed from the library must be returned by tomorrow.（你从图书馆借来的书必须明天归还。

）- I have a friend who speaks three languages fluently, one of which is French.（我有个朋友能说三种语言，其中之一就是法语。

）3. 引导选择疑问句当“which”作为关系代词出现在选择疑问句中时，询问的是事物的几个可选项中的哪一个。

例如：- Which shirt do you prefer, the black one or the white one?（你更喜欢哪件衬衫，黑色的还是白色的？）- Which city did you visit last summer, Beijing or Shanghai?（去年夏天你访问了哪个城市，北京还是上海？）二、 which常见短语和搭配1. of which用来表示一个整体中部分事物的特征或属性。

非限制性定语从句的引导词和结构的解读非限制性定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，用于给予补充信息或解释，并且不对先行词进行限制。

在非限制性定语从句中，我们使用特定的引导词和结构来构建句子。

本文将对非限制性定语从句的引导词和结构进行解读。

一、引导词1. which：which 是最常用的非限制性定语从句引导词，用来指代或解释先行词的内容。

其后的从句与主句之间使用逗号分隔。

例如：I have a cat, which is very cute. （我有一只猫，它非常可爱。

）2. who：who 用来指代人，并引导非限制性定语从句。

与 which 类似，who 也应该与主句之间使用逗号隔开。

例如：Tom is my best friend, who always supports me.（汤姆是我最好的朋友，他总是支持我。

）3. whom：whom 也用来指代人，但在非限制性定语从句中常用作宾语。

同样需要在主句之前使用逗号与从句隔开。

例如：Lucy is a talented singer, whom I admire a lot.（露西是一位才华横溢的歌手，我非常钦佩她。

）4. that：虽然 that 可以在限制性定语从句中使用，但在非限制性定语从句中使用较少，一般情况下我们会选择 which 或 who。

5. whose：whose 是一个特殊的引导词，用来表示所属关系。

常用于人和物的非限制性定语从句中，引导词后面跟名词。

例如：This is Jack, whose car was stolen yesterday.（这是杰克，他的车昨天被偷了。

）二、结构除了引导词，非限制性定语从句的结构也需要注意。

一般来说，非限制性定语从句需要放置在主句后面，两者之间使用逗号隔开。

例如：My sister, who is a doctor, lives in New York.（我的姐姐是一名医生，她住在纽约。

关于which的用法及解释which的用法在英语学习中是比较重要的一个知识点，重要就说明必须要掌握。

接下来小编在这里给大家带来which的用法，我们一起来看看吧!which的用法1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况(单数或复数)。

2、在问句中作为疑问代词，在名词从句中作为连接代词用，其含义为“哪个、哪些”。

3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容，而是指具体的人、时间、地点，则不用which。

一、关系代词that 和which 在定语从句中作主语和宾语，放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用。

指物时，一般情况下可互换。

如：Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday.(that/which 指物作宾语) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(that/which 指物，作主语) He is the most careful boy that I know.(that 指人,作宾语) The man that works in this room is a chemist.(that 指人,作主语)二、that,which 在从句中作主语时，不能省略。

作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。

如上例1 和中的that,which 都可省略。

三、关系代词在主语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。

Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.四、在定语从句中，关系代词that 和which 指物时，一般没有区别，但下列几种情况中不能互换：只能用that 的情况：a)先行词为 all,everything,nothing,anything,little 等不定代词时(something 后也可用which)： Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? That’s all (that) I know.b) 先行词被序数词所修饰时： The first thing (that) we shoulddo is to work out a plan.c) 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时：This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen. The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they have ever seen.d) 先行词被only,very,no,any,same,little,one of 等词所修饰时：This is the only thing (that) we can do now. He gave me the same pen (that) he borrowed from me. Do you have any books that were written by Lu Xun? This is the very book (that) I want to read.e) 当先行词中既有人又有物时： The man and the car (that) you want to see are all here. 你相见的人和车都在这里。

非限制性定语从句例句非限制性定语从句例句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句，可用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。

如：She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth．David studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect．2. 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which或as代表事物。

关系代词作定语时用whose。

如：He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有时表达的意义不同，试分析下面两个句子的差别：His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

（他还有其他的哥哥）His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的`，常鼓励他要考上大学。

which 在定语从句中的用法关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。

下面就进行归纳总结：1. 引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。

This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句。

（1）用来指代一个句子。

因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。

（2）用来指代句子的一部分。

When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。

（3）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which前要加and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本xx 写的书，他决定送给朋友。

3. 名词+ of + which （= ofwhich +名词=whose +名词）通常放在先行词的后面。

I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which thewindow looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。

4. 介词＋which 的替代作用。

（1）作时间状语替代when 。

关系代词which 的使用一、在定语从句中，which 用来指物，可作主语和宾语。

如：The factory which produces cars is over there.生产汽车的那家工厂就在那边。

The factory which I visited last year is very famous.我去年参观的那家工厂很有名。

注意：关系代词that 也可以指物，但下列情况中只能用which ，而不能用that .1. 当关系代词前有介词时。

如：The company in which he works is big.他工作的那家公司很大。

2. 当先行词中有that 时。

如：That cake which Mother made is for my birthday.妈妈做的那块蛋糕是为我过生日用的。

3. 引导非限制性定语从句时。

如：The result of the experiment was very good，which pleased us.实验结果很好，这令我们十分高兴。

二、which 引导非限制性定语从句时，可以用来代表主句所说的整个情况或主句的某一部分内容。

如：The little monkeys wanted to catch the moon in the well，which，however，was found impossible.那些小猴子想在井中捞月，但这是不可能的。

He passed the exam，which surprised us a lot.他通过了考试，这使我们十分惊奇。

注意：as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常与which 互换，但也有用法上的差别。

1. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前，而which 不能。

如：As is known to everyone，the moon travels round the earth.众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。

非限定性定语从句1.which引导的非限定性定语从句说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分例如: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。

)2. 有时as也可用作关系代词3. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。

4.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

5.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。

主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。

没有它，主句意思仍然完整。

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whose 等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。

as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别的区别1.当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句来引导非限制性定语从句 2.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

引导。

3.AS可句子首或尾只在主句后面。

可句子首或尾 which只在主句后面。

4.such，same修饰先行词时关系词用as，介词后用which as/which都可以引导非限制性定语从句。

当引导词在从句中充当主语，若从句谓语动词是非be动词，只能用which.其他情况，比如引导词作主语，谓语动词均可。

是be动词，或者做宾语，或者做补语，as和which均可。

he said he was a king,which surprised me.只能用which he said he was a king,which/as was a lie. he said he was a king,which/as i don't believe. 若果定语从句移到前面则无论什么情况都用as as i believe,......... as is known to all,.......... as we all know,.......... as is reported,................ as is said,...... 2|评论Which as 1、语义的区别、语义的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；He made along speech,as we expected. 当主句和从句语义转折不一致时，用which，He made along speech,which was unexpected. 2、位置的区别、位置的区别不可能放在句首。

看到句首一定用as，which 不可能放在句首。

as we all know, as is mentioned above as often happens as is often the case As is well known 3、含义的区别、含义的区别as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。

高考英语知识点-which引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。

以下是高考英语知识点-which引导的非限制性定语从句，希望对考生复习有帮助。

which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。

注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。

表达的内容是不好的、事先没有预料到的等时，常用which，只指物。

[例句]Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。

The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。

The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。

She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。

The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，这是我们没有预料到的。

二、高考英语重点单词用法区别-live，lively，living，alive讲解：live做形容词时，表示现场的;活着的，可以做前置定语;lively 表示生动的，活泼的，可以做定语、表语或宾补;living 表示活着的，可以作表语或前置定语;alive 表示活着的，可以做表语、后置定语或补足语.1. The bear was caught .A. liveB. livelyC. livingD. alive解：答案选D. live做形容词时，表示现场的;活着的，可以做前置定语;lively 表示生动的，活泼的，可以做定语、表语或宾补;living 表示活着的，可以作表语或前置定语;alive 表示活着的，可以做表语、后置定语或补足语.此处应选alive 做补足语，表示那只熊被活捉了.2. The World Cup in France was the biggest football match in the world.A. aliveB. liveC. livelyD. living解：选B. alive为表语形容词，意为活着的，live可作定语，意为实况转播的符合题意，lively意为生动的，活泼的living意为有生命的.。

1.首先关系代词which在定语从句指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。

1. 1. 引导限制性定语从句E.g: A shop should keep a stock of those goods wh ich sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。

1.2. 引导非限制性定语从句。

（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。

E.g:Internet is so interesting, which makes all poss ible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。

（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。

E.g:When deep in thought, which he often was, he w ould forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。

（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and.E.g:He bought a book, which was written by Lu Xun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。

2.which和that在定语从句中的区别2.1使用that的情况：1）当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

E.g: Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2）当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

E.g: I have some books that are very good.3）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

E.g:This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4）主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时E.g: Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5)当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.E.g:China is no longer the country that she was.6）如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .E.g:Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7）在there be句型中,只用that.E.g：He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。

where和which的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中常用的句子结构，用于给予关于某个名词或代词的进一步描述。

在定语从句中，我们经常使用连接词"where"和"which"来引导从句。

下面将分别介绍这两个连接词在定语从句中的用法及例句。

1. "where"的用法："where"在定语从句中用于修饰地点，并且在从句中作为连接副词引导地点从句。

它可以用于修饰人、物、地点等。

例句如下：- I visited the school where my parents studied.（我参观了我父母曾就读的学校。

）- This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。

）- Do you know the city where she was born?（你知道她出生的城市吗？）2. "which"的用法："which"在定语从句中用于修饰事物，并且在从句中作为连接代词引导名词从句。

它可以用于修饰单数名词或复数名词。

例句如下：- This is the book which I borrowed from the library.（这是我从图书馆借来的书。

）- I like the flowers which bloom in spring.（我喜欢春天开放的花朵。

）- She showed me the painting which she won a prize for.（她向我展示了她因这幅画而获奖的情况。

）在使用定语从句时，需要注意的是，"where"和"which"都需要与其所修饰的名词或代词在意义上相符合。

此外，"which"还可以用作非限制性定语从句的引导词，但这属于更高级的语法结构。

As和which引导非限制性定语从句1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。

(1) He married her，as/which was natural.(2) He was honest，as/which we can see.2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(1) As is known to all，China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south，as we can see from his accent.(3) John，as you know，is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times，which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行词受such，the same修饰时，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在M ARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

定语从句中关系代词只能用which引导的几种情况(1) 当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(2) 非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which.
Bamboo is hollow,
which makes it light.
He wrote an article, which tells us about t he computer.
(3) 如果先行词本身是that时，只用which.
This is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。

在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.。