2019年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷共36页

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)1. A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.2. A. To entertain himself. B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.3. A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said. B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.4. A. The car is not big enough. B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.5. A. 350,000. B. 315,000.C. 3,500,000.D. 3,150,000.6. A. He will not take the shower before the meeting. B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.7. A. He is in a bad mood. B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.8. A. He got to know it from government statistics. B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. Fie learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.9. A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.11 A. Watching them. B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.12. A. The first five months. B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.13. A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers film Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.14. A. 29,670 B. 29,617C. 29,760D. 29,71615. A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.Section C16. What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?17. Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?18. Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?19. The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known_________.20. Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution; the museum also serves as a place for_________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation.A. capableB. ingeniousC. innovativeD. hard-working22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.A. initiatedB. proposedC. supportedD. terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A. confirmB. emphasizeC. enhanceD. enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a human flag.A. surprisinglyB. indescribablyC. permanentlyD. uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A. informationB. intellectC. brainD. wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A. compositionB. mixtureC. elaborationD. speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based onB. PrecedingC. FollowingD. Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuatingB. increasingC. diminishingD. overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A. decisivelyB. eventuallyC. somewhatD. somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A. coming to an endB. still in the airC. soon to happenD. out of the questionSection B (0.5 point each)31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to _______your hero's image?A. come up withB. live up toC. catch up onD. add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that _______.A. come along B, come by C. come across D. come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would _____ discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A. facilitateB. illustrateC. illuminateD. dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to ______ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn offB. ward offC. trigger offD. call off35. Her excellent _______ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A. standardB. criterionC. evaluationD. command36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, ______ to college is competitive.A. admirationB. approachC. admissionD. assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 _______ for the rescue of China's first astronaut.A. touched downB. turned downC. settled downD. shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long ______.A. tolerateB. bearC. endureD. withhold39. The belief that it's healthy to let oft steam no longer ____, for we are working under heavy pressure.A. holdsB. carriesC. takesD. stands40. Handbags made of _______ leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A. systematicB. syntheticC. sympatheticD. statisticPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction."Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.”Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47.However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance," advises Rolphe. "'Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected."41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect49. A. up B. for C. into D. in50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevantPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself ?These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. 1 was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors’performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.51. The main idea of this passage is that ____________.A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children52. According to the passage, Italians _________.A. only sing songs in HollywoodB. are no longer fond of musicC. only sing and dance in villagesD. don't sing much nowadays53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people:54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was _______.A. very excitedB. very frightenedC. very nervousD. very surprised55. By stating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo", the author means _______.A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereoB. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is ________.A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments”-- when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys--are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. "'Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years," said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. "I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program," he added.In his book, "The Memory Bible," the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain Cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back," he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,”said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing", he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we __________.A. have some mental problemsB. have lost our important thingsC. don't listen to what our friends tell us to doD. fail to remember what should be remembered58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that __________.A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's ageB. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, ____________.A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyoneB. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly__________.A. provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory lossC. tells us about the important things we should never forgetD. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create .. her brow", Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of _________.A. impressing rapidlyB. minimizing stressC. connecting related thingsD. observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, ____________________.A. left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory lossD. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.”Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label “the La Brea Tar Pits” of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequenceof prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have ________.A. believed in their existenceB. learned to apply them extensivelyC. found it very difficult to acquire themD. been unable to realize their importance64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show theirA. different styles of leadershipB. effective exercise of leadershipC. contributions to the theory of leadershipD. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite_________.A. dividedB. originalC. misleadingD. sophisticated66. The author thinks that ______________.A. many people have labored to be leadersB. leaders are beyond our understandingC. the essence of leadership has not been graspedD. the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that____________.A. can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB. are traps for those who want to inquireC. are located in one place foreverD. don't deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with _______________.A. the inconsistent theories of leadershipB. the famous leaders and their theoriesC. the changes in the trend of leadershipD. the inaccurate definitions of leadershipPassage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned – and you might even be entitled to take it now. "A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit," says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would've had if you'd kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, __________.A. he tends to forget that he has the pensionB. he has no right to ask for the pensionC. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D. he has a specified worth of pension70. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to________.A. ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC. take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, __________.A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pensionB. he'll have half of his pension paymentsC. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a yearD. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to_________.A. earn less interestB. be better off than with a traditional pensionC. start investment immediatelyD. get less Social Security benefits73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not GuaranteedB. The Retirement DilemmaC. Leave Early, Lose BigD. Take the Pension with You74. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth 27/30ths.B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover lost benefits.D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severely affected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful content,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech," she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint”on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex.Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes "a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply." She pointed out that, since the library had originally provided uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to "a collection of encyclopedias from which defendants have laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library patrons."Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite eager and happy to make, all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products, we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering selection and access to the Internet's hugedatabase of electronic information. This means that even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter you were born with.”75. The passage is mainly concerned with __________.A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public librariesB. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmfulC. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patronsD. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers76. One of the defendant's arguments is that __________.A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisionsB. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minoritiesC. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than childrenD. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to lace the fundamental problem of _____.A. giving up their freedom of speech on the internetB. having more restricted access to electronic informationC. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for themD. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read79. The word "'uncensored" in the third paragraph probably means __________.A. freeB. timelyC. beneficialD. restricted80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with__________.A. the librariansB. the individual citizensC. the governmentD. the legal courtsPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Although the Bush administration has pledged its commitment to have Iraqis run their government on their own, peace and order will be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains unaccounted for. On the other hand, surging violence, cases of bloodshed, suicide bombings and people's taking to streets to protest have pledged the U.S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently, President Bush has made some remarks that appear intended to address criticism from the Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to anticipate the mounting difficulties lying ahead. It's hoped that the UN can get actively involved in the reconstruction of this war-tom country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to problems confronting Iraqis.Section B考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其他学科，希望英语分数越高越好。

Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A1. A. He refuses to help the woman.B. He can't handle the equipment by himself.C. He thinks some other people can do it better.D. He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2. A. His colleagues have contributed a lot.B. All of his colleagues congratulate him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues.D. He doesn't deserve the honor.3. A. He dislikes Jack's name.B. He doesn't care who Jack is.C. He doesn't know Jack well.D. He dislikes Jack.4. A. The man is cracking a joke on her.B. It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C. The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D. The man has run into a great fortune.5. A. He can't find a good idea about the problem.B. He feels hopeless about the project.C. He has encountered another problem.D. He is going to give up the project.6. A. It was worthwhile.B. It had a very tight schedule.C. It was a waste of time.D. It took him too much time on the road.7. A. It's useless to talk to the professor.B. The professor is often unfair.C. The man has done well enough.D. The man can't be better next time.8. A. The man should not say things like that.B. The man should fight back.C. The man should show his anger openly.D. The man should not complain openly.9. A. She was injured in the shoulder.B. She disliked the people who attended the party.C. She was laughed at for her behavior.D. She was unpopular at the party.Section BMini-talk One10. A. Improving the conditions of farm animals.B. Increasing the production of farm animals.C. Regulating the food marketing system.D. Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A. Because they want to save more money.B. Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C. Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D. Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A. Chickens should be kept in clean places.B. Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C. Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D. Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A. Under the mountains in the state of Nevada.B. At the power centers in almost forty states.C. Under the deep ocean.D. Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A. People object to burying it at the power centers.B. The power centers have no more space to store it.C. It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D. The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A. There are active volcanoes nearby.B. Some people still live in the area.C. The area is close to Las Vegas.D. The area is geographically unsafe.Section C16. What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.A. frustratedB. formulatedC. fabricatedD. facilitated22. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A. agreementB. consensusC. permissionD. support23. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A. pull outB. pull upC. pull inD. pull over24. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A. detectableB. triflingC. inexcusableD. magnificent25. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A. directB. proceedingC. verticalD. successive26. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A. difficultB. sustainableC. externalD. unpredictable27. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A. restrictB. reduceC. increaseD. stabilize28. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative.A. efficientB. conventional C, economical D. unique29. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A. pay offB. get offC. dispose ofD. run off30. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A. brought forwardB. brought aboutC. brought downD. brought inSection B (0.5 point each)31. As females in their 40s tend to ______ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A. take onB. hold onC. carry onD. put on32. The shop-owner took a loaf of ______-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A. fragileB. crispC. vagueD. harsh33. The excessive hospitality______ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A. on the point ofB. on the grounds ofC. on the advice ofD. on the part of34. These intelligence officers tried a ______ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A. combinationB. collaborationC. convictionD. confrontation35. The terminally ill patient lying in the _______ care unit was kept alive on life support.A. apprehensiveB. intensiveC. extensiveD. comprehensive36. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ______.A. ice-breakingB. eye-catchingC. painstakingD. soul-touching37. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ______ brilliant high school students.A. intellectuallyB. intelligiblyC. intelligentlyD. intimately38. When a heavy vehicle is _______ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A. involvedB. stuckC. interferedD. specialized39. A risk or effect may diminish _______, but it may also increase for some reason.A. at willB. over timeC. under wayD. so far40. It's in your best _____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A. sakeB. benefitC. advantageD. interestPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)“Techno-stress”--frustration arising from pressure to use new technology--is said to be 41, reports Maclean's magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 42 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 43 of work and home life as a result of 44 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones." How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 45 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 46 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 47 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 48 attention. “People start the day by making the 49 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp.” The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete 50 .”41. A. descending B. narrowing C. mounting D. widening42. A. pass on B. range from C. deal with D. give up43. A. confusion B. construction C. contribution D. conduction44. A. creations B. promotions C. productions D. innovations45. A. laws B. boundaries C. deadlines D. barriers46. A. convenience B. advantage C. flexibility D. complexity47. A. Put forward B. Put across C. Put aside D. Put up48. A. prior B. major C. senior D. superior49. A. fragmental B. fictional C. fractional D. fundamental50. A. relaxation B.entertainment C. rubbish D. hobbyPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits," says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. "A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into apotato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans." In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity--some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes," said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.51. According to the author, biotech companies are _____________.A. mostly specialized in agricultureB. those producing seeds of better propertiesC. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered cropsD. likely to have big returns in their business52. Now biotech products are made _______.A. within the limits of natural geneticsB. by violating laws of natural geneticsC. without the interference of humansD. safer than those without the use of biotechnology53. In nature, genetic diversity is created __________.A. by mixing different speciesB. within the species itselfC. through natural selectionD. through selection or contest54. Biotechnology has made it possible ___________.A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the worldB. for plants to be produced with genes of humansC. for humans to assume the cold-resistant propertyD. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals55. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ________.A. the species of creatures will be reducedB. our living environment will be better than it is nowC. humans will pay for its side effectD. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases56. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as _________.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. concernedD. suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomesa public issue.57. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times ____________.A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into beingB. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executionsC. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countriesD. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel58. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A. People began to criticize their government.B. The government was unjust in this period.C. People began to realize the value of life.D. social critics were very active at that time.59. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria _________.A. was the first person to question the rightness of death penaltyB. was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishmentC. was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individualsD. first raised the theory against capital punishment60. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ________.A. violates human rights regulationsB. is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC. is just the revenge for terrible crimesD. involves killing without mercy61. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_________.A. agree that it is a human rights issueB. agree that it can prevent crimesC. explain its statistical analyses differentlyD. think that they are asked different types of questions62. The author's attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _________.A. supportiveB. criticalC. neutralD. contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common--although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears--their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 38°C to as low as -3°C.63. Most bears live alone because _______________.A. they don't want to keep a social networkB. each bear feeds on different kinds of foodC. male and female bears can't tolerate each otherD. they don't want other bears to share their food64. According to the passage, bears of the same sex__________.A. can get along with each other peacefullyB. share their range with each otherC. live in an area partly shared in commonD. cannot live peacefully in the same area65. As is told about bears in the passage, we know that___________.A. it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb treesB. a bear can long remember where it has found foodC. all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their preyD. all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals66. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because _____________.A. their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surroundingB. they need to fatten themselves up in the cold seasonC. they need to convert their fat into energy in winterD. they cannot find enough food in the cold season67. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that_______________.A. animals in hibernation don't wake up easilyB. animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supplyC. the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn't changeD. animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions68. The passage is mainly about____________.A. the species of bearsB. the food category of bearsC. the winter sleep of bearsD. the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's early childhood—a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect--and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give--and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversation, inlow tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no---the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him--his worshipers' joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.69. Which of the following is the best alternative word for "imposing" (line 6)?A. EnthusiasticB. Hostile C, Impressive D. Anxious70. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A. TranquilB. SolemnC. ChaoticD. Stressful71. How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A. DelightedB. AstonishedC. EmbarrassedD. Scared72. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A. He talked little.B. He was puzzled.C. He enjoyed the conversation.D. He got more respect than he deserved.73. The men didn't get deeply involved in any subject because they_______.A. had little knowledgeB. didn't know one another wellC. wanted to relax themselvesD. awaited the arrival of someone important74. What can we learn about Elijah?A. He was admired by others.B. He was very handsome.C. He was a man with determination.D. He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore's Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and a virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond's tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singaporean garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like materialthat is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substances on contact.Much of the agency's work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director of R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency's most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 4 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, includingIndonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that means that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.75. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably__________.A. a mechanic in James Bond's garageB. a fictional Australian with spiky hairC. a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD. an imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment76. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA is NOT true?A. It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B. It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality Lab.C. It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D. It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.77. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because_________.A. it is made of a new material resembling plasticsB. it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on itC. it has been adapted to the tropical weather thereD. its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A. Smaller soldiers.B. Smaller population.C. Limited defense budget.D. Limited natural resources.79. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show_______.A. what DSTA has done to meet the country's special needsB. how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can beC. why it is difficult for Q to compete with Choo Hui WeingD. how Singapore's technology is superior to that of the British80. The main purpose of the passage is to ______________.A. analyze Singapore's defense systemB. summarize the contributions of DSTAC. introduce the technical advantages of a small countryD. describe the roles and achievements of a government agencyPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit andsuggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。

大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1989年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (1)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (1)Section A (1)Section B (2)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (4)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (10)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (15)1989年1月四级参考答案 (19)1989年1月四级听力原文 (20)1990年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (23)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (23)Section A (23) (24)263237404142424243455156596061616162Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (64)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (70)Part IV Close (15 minutes) (75)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (78)1991年1月四级参考答案 (80)1991年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (81)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (81)Section A (81)Section B (82)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (84)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (90)Part IV Close (15 minutes) (95)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (98)1991年6月四级参考答案 (100)1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (101)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (101)Section A (101)Section B (102)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (104)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (110) (115)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (154)1993年1月四级参考答案 (155)1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (156)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (156)Section A (156)Section B (157)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (159)Part III vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (164)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (170)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (173)1993年6月四级参考答案 (174)1994年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (175)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (175)Section A (175)Section B (176)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (178)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (183)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (188)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (191)1994年1月四级参考答案 (192) (193)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (229)Section A (229)Section B (230)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (232)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (237)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (242)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (245)1995年6月四级参考答案 (247)1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (248)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (248)Section A (248)Section B (249)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (251)Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (256)Part IV Translation (15 minutes) (262)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (263)1996年1月四级参考答案 (264)1996年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (266)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (266)Section A (266) (267)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (302)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (308)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (313)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (316)1997年6月四级参考答案 (317)1998年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (319)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (319)Section A (319)Section B Compound Dictation (320)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (321)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (327)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (332)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (335)1998年1月四级参考答案 (336)1998年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (338)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (338)Section A (338)Section B (339)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (341)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (347) (352)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (390)1999年6月四级参考答案 (392)2000年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (393)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (393)Section A (393)Section B (394)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (396)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (402)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (407)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (410)2000年1月四级参考答案 (411)2000年1月四级听力原文 (412)2000年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (415)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (415)Section A (415)Section B (416)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (418)Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (423)Part IV Translation (15 minutes) (429)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (430) (431)2002年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (470)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (470)Section A (470)Section B (471)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (473)Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) (479)Part IV Cloze 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(595)2004年6月19日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (596)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (596) (596)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (640)Section A (640)Section B (641)Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) (642)Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) (649)Part IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes) (654)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (655)2005年6月四级参考答案 (656)2005年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (662)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) (662)Section A (662)Section B (663)Part II Reading comprehension (35 minutes) (665)Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes) (671)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes) (676)Part V Writing (30 minutes) (679)2005年12月四级参考答案 (680)2005年12月四级听力原文 (682)2006年6月17日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (686) (686)Part V Cloze (15 minutes) (723)Part VI Translation (5 minutes) (726)2006年6月24日新四级参考答案 (727)2006年6月24日新四级听力原文 (730)2006年12月23日大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (735)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (735)Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) (735)Part III Listing Comprehension (35 minutes) (738)Section A (738)Section B (740)Section C (742)Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) (742)Section A (742)Section B (743)Part V Cloze (15 minutes) (747)Part VI Translation (5 minutes) (750)2006年12月23日新四级参考答案 (751)2006年12月23日新四级听力原文 (754)2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷 (759)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (759) (759)Part V Cloze (15 minutes) (771)Part VI Translation (5 minutes) (774)2007年6月23日四级参考答案 (776)1989年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) He lent her his extra pen.B) He was afraid of losing his pen.C) He offered her a pencil.D) He said he didn’t have any extra ink.2. A) The teacher reviewed a previous lesson.B) The teacher taught a new lesson.C) The teacher postponed the class until Friday.D) The teacher made the students write in class.3. A) It’s going to attract a lot of students.B) It’s going to be a lot of fun.C) It’s going to require a lot of reading.D) I t’s going to work out quite well.4. A) She agrees to lend him the car.B) She offers him the car.C) She refuses to lend him the car.D) She is pleased to lend him the car.5. A) To the beach.B) To a movie theatre.C) To a play.D) To a restaurant.6. A) Policeman and driver.B) Policeman and thief.C) Teacher and pupil.D) Director and actress.7. A) He is often late for meals.B) He is expecting a letter from abroad.C) He wrote to his family last month.D) He is anxious to go back home.8. A) He is modest.B) He is satisfied.C) He is proud.D) He is upset.9. A) Europe.B) Here.C) Canada.D) California.10. A) The train is crowded.B) The train is late.C) The train is on time.D) The train is out of order.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) The crust.B) The ground.C) The plate.D) The boundary.12. A) Two.B) Seventy.C) Seven.D) Twelve.13. A) The east coast of North America.B) The west coast of North America.C) The middle of the Atlantic Ocean.D) The middle of the Pacific Ocean.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They want to attract attention.B) It is fashionable to wear such clothes.C) The appear respectable in such clothes.D) Riding a motorcycle makes one dirty.15. A) It is efficient.B) It is exciting.C) It is convenient.D) It is dangerous.16. A) If he always wears protective clothing.B) If he can see everything around him clearly.C) If he is very careful.D) If he has a lot of defenders.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was struck by lightning.B) He had a car accident.C) He was very old.D) He fell down in his yard.18. A) His wife.B) A clock.C) A tree.D) Lightning.19. A) Hiding under a tree.B) Entering the house.C) Driving a car.D) Lying on the ground.20. A) A fall from the tree.B) The unexpected return of his wife.C) Another flash of lightning.D) Another heavy blow.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At the speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor windows. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to ￡50. it will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear you seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.21. This text is taken from ________.A) a medical magazineB) a police reportC) a legal documentD) a government information booklet22. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle ________.A) reduces road accidents by more than halfB) saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hourC) reduces the death rate in traffic accidentsD) saves more than 15,000 lives each year23. It is the driver’s responsibility to ________.A) make the front seat passenger wear a seat beltB) make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat beltC) stop children riding in the front seatD) wear a seat belt each time he drives24. According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front dos not haveto wear a seat belt?A) Someone who is backing into a parking space.B) Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.C) Someone who is delivering invitation letters.D) Someone who is under 14.25. For some people, it may be better ________.A) to wear a seat belt for health reasonsB) not to wear a seat belt for health reasonsC) to get valid medical certificate before wearing a seat beltD) to pay a fine rather than wear a seat beltPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed I some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”26. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.A) why certain people age sooner than othersB) how to make people live longerC) the size of certain people’s brainsD) which people are most intelligent27. On what are their research findings based?A) A survey of farmers in northern Japan.B) Tests performed on a thousand old people.C) The study of brain volumes of different peopleD) The latest development of computer technology.28. The doctor’s test show that ________.A) our brains shrink as we grow olderB) the front section of the brain does not shrinkC) sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-oldsD) some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s29. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5means ________.A) something to be consideredB) branches of knowledge studiedC) persons chosen to be studied in an experimentD) any member of a state except the supreme ruler30. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?A) Lawyers.B) Farmers.C) Clerks.D) Shop assistants.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.On June 17, 1744, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations. The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College. In a letter the next day the refused the offer as follows:We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you. We are convinced that you mean to do us good by your proposal; and we thank you heartily. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not t be the same as yours. We have had some experience of it. Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces: they were taught all your sciences; but, when they came back to us, they were bad runners, ignorant of every means of living in the woods…they were totally good for nothing.We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send up a dozenof their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know, and make men of them.31. The passage is about ________.A) the talk between the Indians and the officialsB) the colleges of northern provincesC) the educational values of the IndiansD) the problems of the Americans in the mid-eighteenth century32. The Indians’ chief purpose in writing the letter seems to be to ________.A) politely refuse a friendly offerB) express their opinion on equal treatmentC) show their prideD) describe Indian customs33. According to the letter, the Indians believed that ________.A) it would be better for their boys to receive some schoolingB) they were being insulted by the offerC) they knew more about science than the officialsD) they had a better way of educating young men34. Different from the officials’ view of education, the Indians though ________.A) young women should also be educatedB) they had different goals of educationC) they taught different branches of scienceD) they should teach the sons of the officials first35. The tone of the letter as a whole is best described as ________.A) angryB) pleasantC) politeD) inquiringPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers arerelieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction (失误).Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.36. What is the main purpose of this passage?A) To look back to the early days of computers.B) To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.C) To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.D) To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.37. According to the passage, the initial concern about computers was that they might________.A) change our personal livesB) take control of the worldC) create unforeseen problemsD) affect our businesses38. The passage recommends those dealing with computers to ________.A) be reasonably doubtful about themB) check all their answersC) substitute them for basic thinkingD) use them for business purposes only39. The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is________.A) challengingB) psychologicalC) dramaticD) fundamental40. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of ________.A) investment in computersB) the use of on e’s internal computerC) double-check on computersD) complete dependence on computers for decision-makingPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single time through the centre.41. Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied veryhard.A) mayB) shouldC) mustD) ought to42. ________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A) During the 1960’sB) It was in the 1960’sC) That it was in the 1960’sD) It was the 1960’s43. He suggested ________ to tomorrow’s exhibition together.A) us to goB) we wentC) we shall goD) we go44. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to________.A) the otherB) any otherC) anotherD) other45. With agreement was reached I the discussion as neither side would give way to________.A) mustn’t goB) would n’t goC) oughtn’t to goD) shouldn’t have gone46. If you want ________ you have to get the fund somewhere.A) that the job is doneB) the job doneC) to have done the jobD) the job that is don47. There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________.A) what to do withB) how to doC) to do with itD) to do it48. It’s no use ________ me not to worry.A) you tellB) your tellingC) for you to have toldD) having told49. I have two boys but ________ of them likes sweets.A) bothB) neitherC) eitherD) none50. Only by shouting at the top of his voice ________.A) was he able to make himself hearB) he was able to make himself hearC) he was able to make himself heardD) was he able to make himself heard51. ________ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.A) To be givenB) Having been givenC) Having givenD) Giving52. If it ________ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.A) isn’tB) wasn’tC) weren’tD) hadn’t been53. My sister’s professor had her ________ her paper many times before allowing herto present it to the committee.A) rewrittenB) to rewriteC) rewriteD) rewriting54. silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ________ it closely.A) followedB) followingC) to followD) being followed55. They are considering ________ before the prices go up.A) of buying the houseB) with buying the houseC) buying the houseD) to buy the house56. She was glad that her success would ________ for the women who would follow.A) make things easierB) make it easierC) be easierD) be easier to make57. They will have it finished in ________.A) three quarter of an hour timeB) three quarters of an hour timeC) three quarter of an hour’s timeD) three quarters of an hour’s time58. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ________ into dozens of languages in the lastdecade.A) to have been translatedB) to translateC) to be translatedD) to have translated59. He went ahead ________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.A) in case ofB) because ofC) regardless ofD) prior to60. We object ________ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A) againstB) aboutC) toD) or61. Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; ________; I can’t speak too highlyof him.A) as a resultB) in a wordC) by the wayD) on the contrary62. The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been________ filled in.A) consequentlyB) regularlyC) comprehensivelyD) properly63. I shall have companion in the house after all these ________ years.A) singleB) soleC) aloneD) lonely64. After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived ________.A) till the lastB) at lastC) by the endD) at the end65. None of the servants were ________ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.A) availableB) attainableC) approachableD) applicable66. I can’t ________ what that object is.A) make upB) make overC) make outD) make for67. I want to buy a new tie to ________ this brown suit.A) go intoB) go afterC) go withD) go by68. The newest satellite can ________ a thousand telephone conversations and a colourTV program at the same time.A) carryB) extendC) bringD) take69. I can ________ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud noises.A) come up withB) catch up withC) put up withD) keep up with70. When the whole area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there byhelicopter.A) cut awayB) cut downC) cut upD) cut offPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages __71__ using faculty (教师[总称]) from foreign countries __72__ teaching positions have to be __73__, of course. It can be said that foreign __74__ that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset (财富) also __75__ problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual.The foreign research scholar usually isolates __76__ in the laboratory as a means of protection; __77__, what he needs is to be fitted __78__ a highly organized universityHe is faced in his daily work __80__and methods of teaching. Both thein each other’s cultures. Some __82__ of what is already in the minds of American students is __83__ by the foreignto __86__ full advantage of what thet always known how to make __88__ use of foreign faculty,to be a __89__ where further study isB) forC) ofD) at72. A) inB) onC) forD) within。

2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题word（第1套）2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wantsto learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you willhear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind. B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens. D) It is starting an online exhibition.4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash. B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages. D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent. B) They are children’s favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases. D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, youwill hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic. B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining. D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science. B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens. D) Students majoring in science. 311. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure. B) Helpless. C) Concerned. D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect. B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals. D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed. B) Unconcerned. C) Miserable. D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens. B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements. D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments. 418. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs. B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think. D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time. B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain. D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week. B) About two days.C) About ten days. D) About four weeks. 525. A) Apply muscle creams. B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower. D) Take pain-killers.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water?Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you graba bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is 27 , and thelabel says “pure water”, but maybe what’s inside is not so 28 . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world29microplastics?That’s the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands soldin nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplasticsincluded a 32 commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing andfood and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalfof Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only bythirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and CocoCola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their waterdid contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb studysuggested. Regardless, the World HealthOrganization has now launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plasticbottles.A) adequate F) instant K) releasedB) admiring G) liquid L) revealingC) contains H) modified M) sealedD) defending I) natural N) solvesE) evidence J) potential O) substanceSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the 6information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked witha letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail DeliveryA) On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a lowof 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica(南极洲), Alaska,and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools,restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled. B) Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery. “Due to this arctic outbreakand concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced Wednesday morning, “thePostal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations.” Twelveregions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.C) As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone,wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is stillconfronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017’s HurricaneMaria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting systems for months oryears. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.D) Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone(⽆⼈机) caught footage(连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar whitevan, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but thescene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for thenational-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the homeowners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job.“I followed my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I came across a box that wasup but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so I picked thoseup and carried on.”E) USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergencymanagement teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using aframework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due toweather, the agency’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the healthof infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how tore-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere.In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail toexistingmail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved toan upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.F) As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers(邮递员) start distributing accumulated mailon the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address 7forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up indozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide streetdelivery.G) Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards toSocial Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail isimportant. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released inJanuary 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments stillrely on delivery services to be completed.H) It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks,but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with theSocial Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in atimely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with stateand local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.I) Mail companies are logistics(物流) companies, which puts them in a special position to help whendisaster strikes. In a2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a“unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think we’re unique as afederal agency,” USPS official Mike Swigart told me, “because we’re in literally every communityin this country … We’re obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.”J) Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to helprevitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the AmericanRed Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domesticallyand internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical ReserveCorps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shippingglobally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support forHurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’slogistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild.“We realize that as a company with people, trucks,warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPSFoundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. Theday before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving,” he said.K) Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities.“When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swig art said, “that’s the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’safety. 837. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant tohelp handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based ArtificialIntelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s online Master of Science inComputer Science program. Professor Goel already had eight teaching assistants, but that wasn’tenough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When studentsfeel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continuebegins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was tocreate a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the onlineforums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the onlinediscussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched.Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jillwas able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became soadvanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were 9studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with the virtual assistant and couldn’t tell it apart froma real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students wereactually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all thequestions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson, will of course, change tosomething else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificialintelligence than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or SteveWozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students’ questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success. B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first. D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson? 10A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few of thetraits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years foreverything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internetdonors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short ofreaching more modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by sciencecommunications scholar Mike Sch?fer of the University of Zurich examined the content of theWebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in PublicUnderstanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising moneyfor science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platformssuch as/doc/1566bedf182e453610661ed9ad51f01dc381576f.html , and/doc/1566bedf182e453610661ed9ad51f01dc381576f.html only present scientific projects. For another, they presentthe project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most ofthem engage with potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors faredbetter. And they target asmall amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4,000 onaverage, with 30% of projects receiving less than $1,000. The more money a project sought, the lowerthe chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project’s success, most notably, the size of ascientist’s personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on theirown. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be partof researchers’ efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel aconnection to theperson” who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies. 11C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Sch?fer’s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations. B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues. D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care. D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭⼗分重视孩⼦的教育。

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。

和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。

过去四代同堂并不少见。

由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。

今天，这个传统正在改变。

随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。

但他们之间的联系依然很密切。

许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。

年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

Yours sincerely, 参考答案2019.12第一套参考范文Dear friend, I am delighted to write this letter to recommend a city for you. I know that you have a strong desire to teach English in recent days. I suppose when you read this letter, you must be satisfied about what I recommend. I would like to share with you some detailed information about it. The first city flashing inmy mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Additionally, young people in expanding number in Beijing begin to improve the awareness of English learning. They admit that having a good command of English plays a key role in personal growth and future career. As a consequence, I am sure that you will have a lot of chances to teach English. Thank you for spending time reading this letter and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Good luck to you with all aspects of life. Li Ming1-5 DDBCA 6-10 ABCCA 11-15 BDACB 16-20 CDACB 21-25 DDABC 26-30 BLKAO 31-35 CEGDH 36-40 FIDGB 41-45EHAJC 46-50 BCDBA 51-55 DABAC参考翻译The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions. The large and harmonious families were once very enviable. The four generation family used to be very common, in the past. As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage. Today, the tradition is changing. With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. But the connection between them remains strong. And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. Young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.资料来源于网络，大学生资源共享平台收集整理。

2019 年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Many facilities were destroyed by wandering cow.B)A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C)Some tourists were injured by wandering cow.D)A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction to tourists.D) It was sent to the animals control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is starting an online exhibition.4.A) Collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall painting from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver message.D) Play with children.6.A) They are especially intelligent.B) They are children’s favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7.A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10.A) People interested in science.B)Youngsters eager to explore.C)Children in their early teens.D)Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional device.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for it its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goal.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14.A) Embarrassed.B) Unconcerned.C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15.A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18.A) Offer personalized teaching materials.B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the U.S.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lightning.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from straining one's muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24.A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) rink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to selectone word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or26 the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's the safe thing to do, right? The bottle is 27_, and the label says "pure water. But maybe what’s inside is not so 28. Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29 microplastics?That’s the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analysed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per litre of water. These microplastics included a 32 commonly known as PET and widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organisation. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled- water manufacturers including Nestle and Coca Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics,but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organisation has launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.The quiet heroism of mail deliveryA)On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica (南极洲)，Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights were canceled.B)Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery.“Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees," USPS announced Wednesday morning, "the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in some 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.C)As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague Vann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017's Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.D)Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone (无人机) caught footage (连续镜头) of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an effected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith,this was just another day on the job.“I followed my route like I normally do," Smith told a reporter.“As I came across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail- outgoing mail- in it. And so we picked those up and carried on."E)USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency's top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.F)As soon as it's safe enough to be outside, couriers (邮递员) start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change- of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.G)Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail- -anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of ill are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed.H)It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.I)Mail companies are logistics(物流) companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastructure as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon ina disaster or terrorist attack. " I think we' re unique as a federal agency," USPS official Mike Swigart told me, “because we're in literally every community in this country... We're obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.”J)Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California. They also donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. “We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving,” he said.K) Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a normal life can be difficult, but some small routines -mail delivery being one of them may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. “When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “hat's the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies.38. Natural disasters can have a long: -lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service is still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online master's of science in computer science program. Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of daily questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students' questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn't know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with virtual assistant and couldn't tellit apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name Jill Watson will, of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of artificial intelligence than, say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B)It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students' questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to ans wer more of students’ questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional savvy may be more crucial.Crowd funding, raising money for a project through online appeals—has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engagewith potential donors, since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 30% receiving less than $ 1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably, the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers efforts to reach the public, and people give because they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising-not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fund raising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schäfer's research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projectsD) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations.B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C）The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分注重孩子的教育。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）及参考答案完整版（1）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre..Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, Califomia, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages-including low- and no-calorie choices”, said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the America n Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it. “An industry backed anti- tax campaign has spent at least S4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a “grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of t he profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places”, said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. “It's not just Berkeley anymore.”Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumersB) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communitiesD) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to thesoda tax proposal?A) Bargain with the city council.B) Refuse to pay additional tax.C) Take legal action against itD) Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposalA) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumersB) It tried to win grocers support against the measureC) It kept sending letters of protest to the mediaD) It criticized the measure through advertising49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D) Benefit low-income people across the country50.What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A)They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C)They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industryPassage TwoPopping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status" items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years.This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decadeA study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of co2-the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change-at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electri city consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on th e environment," say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour . For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking,microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51.What is the finding of the new study?A)Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environmentD）The use of microwaves emits more CO than people think .52.Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise？A)They are becoming more affordable.B)They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances .C) They are getting much easier to operate.D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A) Cooking food of different varieties.B) Improving microwave user’s habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less oftenC) The UK produces less CO than many other countries in the EUD) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking【参考答案】46-50 D C A D C51-55 C B B A DPart Ⅳ Translation( 30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2 中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案(第1套)大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on the importance of writing ability and howto develop it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than180 words.【参考范文】No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it isunlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability.At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study.In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability.For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practice makes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary.PartⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report, you will hear two or threequestions. Both the news report and then questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【参考答案】暂缺Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the). Nor is the state’’s had air 27 to its south. Fresno, in Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the statethe central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .All of which, combined with California All of which, combined with California’’s reputation as the home of technological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco ’s transit workerswent on strike and the city went on strike and the city’’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, ““cycle to work cycle to work””days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A.assisted B.collaborating C.consequence D.consumers E.creating F.detail G.domestic H.frequently I.inhabitants J.innovation K. intendedL.outdoor M.pollutants N.restricted O. Sum【参考答案】【参考答案】.M pollutants . .N restricted . .C consequence .J innovation . .F detail . .K intended . . L outdoor .33. B collaborating .34. I inhabitants .35. E creating.Section BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.【参考答案】36-40 KDMGB41-45 LHFJCSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passageis followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green spacehad a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided ashort-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment andHuman Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could bea number of reasons,”” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves a number of reasons,happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with allthose things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baselinelevels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in thelong term. We found that for some lottery（彩票）winners who had won more than ￡500,000the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and aThere’’s growing interest among positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “Therepublic policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level isto decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.””spaces.46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency.B) Add to their sustained happiness.C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Gain fame and popularity.C) Settle in an urban area.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its effect is.C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits physically49. What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation.C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spacesin cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one ofthree state-of-the-art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic, What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic may not know is that the Titanic wasnclass ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and Whits Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on the open seas, The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls（船体）believed to make thems and the Britannic’’s tragic , perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’’s and the Britannic “unsinkableunsinkable””, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanicend.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A)They performed marvelously on the sea.B)They could all break the ice in their way.C)They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D)They were models of modern engineering.52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A)Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B)The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C)Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D)The long voyages they were able to undertake.53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A)It was a mere piece of decoration.B)It was the work of a famous artist.C)It was designed to let out extra smoke.D)It was easily identifiable from afar.54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A)Their unscientific designs.B)Their captains’’ misjudgment.B)Their captainsC)The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D)The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A)She was used to carry troops.B)She was converted into a hospital ship.C)She was sunk in World War Ⅰ.D)She was retired after her naval service.【参考答案】46-50 BACDA51-55 CBADDPart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes totranslate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

特别说明听力部分与第一或者第三套真题完全相同PartⅣ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。

中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。

千百年来，父姓一直世代相传。

然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。

一般来说，名有一个或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。

从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。

父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴随孩子一生。

参考答案2019.12第三套真题参考范文Dear Jack ,I am delighted to hear that you are going to learn Chinese in a Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university, I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to learn Chinese. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreigner learner.In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and history.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li Ming26-30 OADCG 31-35 HKNEF36-40 FIDGB 41-45 EHAJC46-50 BCDBA 51-55 DDABA参考翻译The full name of China's Han ethnic group is made up of family name and given name. One characteristic of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by given name. For thousands of years, the father's family name has been passed on from generation to generation. However, it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name contains one or two Chinese characters, which carries the parents' hope for the kid. Therefore, it's easy to infer from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be, or what kind of life to lead. Parents attach great importance to naming their kid as names usually go with them for a whole life.资料来源于网络，大学生资源共享平台收集整理。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.听力同第二套Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions of people travel by plane every single day. If you’re planning on being one of them soon, you might not be looking forward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with.Besides the airport crowds and stress, traveling at such a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, you couldstill 28 sleepiness or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,000 to 8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain 30 . T o prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee.Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active by drinking water. A dry mouth may 32 taste sensitivity, but taste is restored with fluids.Although in-flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unless you’re sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing, you shouldn’t worry too much about getting sick. However, bacteria has been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands 35 .Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A South Korean City Designed for the Future Takes on a Life of Its Own[A] Getting around a city is one thing—and then there’s the matter of getting from one city toanother. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”[B] “The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,”Kasarda says.Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. “From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”[C] Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub.But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district”doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,”he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D) Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous musicvideo ever to come out of South Korea. “Gangnam Style”refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.”I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,”says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”[E] The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over theworld. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.[F] The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers—evenin the middle of the day, when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem:Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined.“It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,”says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering glass towers line the canal’s edge.[G] “What’s happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, whichenabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,”he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.”The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly.Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.[H] But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, inprison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,”says a woman in her 20s.She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.”But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.[I] The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated, too. Park says he built South Korea aluxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.”But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world isdotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies[J] Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.”In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of hisexpectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to aprofessor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to internationaltransportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee whathappen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,”said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But mostimportantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a “grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,”said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D) It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?A) Bargain with the city council. B) Refuse to pay additional tax.C) Take legal action against it. D) Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B) It tried to win grocers’support against the measure.C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D) It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D) Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D) They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status”items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 millionannually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,”say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A) They are becoming more affordable.B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C) They are getting much easier to operate.D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A) Cooking food of different varieties. B) Improving microwave users’habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption. D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。

2019年6月英语四级真题第三套Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized byyour Student Union.. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数。

由于2019年6月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators(食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “tocultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.A)AcquiredB) adaptationsC) brutalD) deliberatelyE) expressedF) extendsG) habitatsH) humbleI) imageJ) litereallyK) refinedL) revolvesM) speculateN) structureO) thriveSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year-oldsA) Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, whenabout 35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however,are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).F)In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or parther.This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be sigle parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G)A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four o f today’s young adult may never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried patner has substantially fallen since 1990.H)In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation)have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly form 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen ,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived intheir parents’ home.40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness,management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in to p leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A)They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B)They have to strive harder to win their positions.C)They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D)They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A)They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B)They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C)Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D)Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A)Personality traits.B)Family responsibilities.C)Gender bias.D)Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A)More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B)Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C)The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D)People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A)A woman in the highest position of governmen.B)More and more women actively engaged in politics.C)A majority of women voting for a female president.D)As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, saysthe global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people.”But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the Universith of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global rtend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?A)There is a remarkable difference across continents.B)There has been a marked increase in most countries.C)The increase in people’s height has been quickening.D)The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A)It counts less than generally thought.B)It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C)It impacts more on an individual than on population.D)It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A)They tend to live longer.B)They enjoy an easier life.C)They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D)They have greater expectations in life.54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

2019年6月CET-4真题完整版Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a volunteer activity organized by your StudentUnion. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank more than onc．eQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just becausethey can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animalsdon’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of themost __26__ predators食(肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “c ulture”comes from the Latin “c olere,”which __29__ means “t o cultivate.”In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way welive, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, havingspent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos ofGreenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilizethis fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across theglobe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ frompole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn differenthunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This,in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability tolearn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.A) acquired E) expressed I) image M) speculateB) adaptations F) extends J) literally N) structureC) brutal G) habitats K) refined O) thriveD) deliberately H) humble L) revolvesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage w ith ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34- year-olds[A] Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment andemployment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a newPew Research C enter analysis highlights the implications of these changes f or themost basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living intheir parents’h ome than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their ownhousehold.[B] This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating backto 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse o r partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.[C] By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their ownhousehold, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14%of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates.The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as agrandparent,in-law or sibling ( 兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters likecollege dormitories.[D] It ’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parentswas not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32%in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways ofliving in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living athome to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E] Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For menages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangementsince 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse ofpartner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romanticpartner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).[F] In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up ahousehold without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likelythan men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men(25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of anotherfamily member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G] A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase i n the share of young. Adults livingwith the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from,marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition,a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous PewResearch Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of tod’a syyoung adultmay never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share ofyoung adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantiallyfallen since 1990.[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), andthis is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades.The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. Aswages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) hasrisen.[I] Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasinglylikely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paidlabor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to affordto afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—whichis related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of theincrease in their living in the family home.[J] The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated w ith an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, collegeenrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And giventhe weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the privatesafety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.[K] Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable byeducation—which is tied to financial means. F or young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than livingwith a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed abachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with aspouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living witha partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a collegedegree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greaterthan that of their female counterparts.38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatlydecreased in the past three decades or so.39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in theirparents’h ome.40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of theirparents.41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayedmarriage.43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to theirdecreased pay in recent decades.44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with theirparents.45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late orstay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of beinggood political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate thecorporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on womenand leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on keyleadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many sayingthey’r e stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, i’t s not that they lack toughness,management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research andprevious survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhoodmay make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for topexecutive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrierfor women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadershippositions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a doublestandard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business,where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similarshares say the electorate选(民)and corporate America are just not ready to put morewomen in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporateAmerica will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made majoradvances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say i’t s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on Americ’s apolitical stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following s p s a a g e.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 andThe results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914,Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average h eight of51.cm. Latvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become thetallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, saysthe global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition andhealthcare.“A n individual ’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once youaverage over whole populations, genetics plays a less key ro”l e h,e added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of ImperialCollege. “B eing taller is associatedwith longer life expectancy”,he said. “T his is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular( 心血管的 )disease among tallerpeople.”But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries ofnorth and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased inUganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years,with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“O ne reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 198”0s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crisesthat followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children andteenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “H ow tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in, ”hesaid.“I f we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier andmore productive for decades to come”.2014. What does the global study tell us about peop’l e s height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries. C) Theincrease in people’s height has been quickening.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of peo’s plheeight?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

2019年6月19日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B) The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.C) The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D) Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.2. A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.3. A) At 10:30.B) At 10:25.C) At 10:40.D) At 10:45.4. A) The man no longer smokes.B) The man is under pressure from his wife.C) The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D) The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.5. A) Move to a big city.B) Become a teacher.C) Go back to school.D) Work in New York.6. A) Quit delivering flowers.B) Work at a restaurant.C) Bring her flowers every day.D) Leave his job to work for her.7. A) She can find the right person to help the man.B) She can help the man out.C) She’s also in need of a textbook.D) She picked up the book from the bus floor.8. A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B) The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C) The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.D) The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.9. A) The two speakers are at a loss what to do.B) The man is worried about his future.C) The two speakers are seniors at college.D) The woman regrets spending her time idly.10. A) She has learned a lot from the novel.B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage isread for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks numbered from SI to S7 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard orwrite down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passageis read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The Library of Congress is America’s national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (S1) ________ publications as well as letters of (S2) ________ interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3) ________, movies, sound recordings and musical (S4) ________. All together, it has more than 100 million objects.The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is (S5) ________ to take books out of the building.The Library of Congress was (S6) ________ in 1800. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol building. By 1814, the collection had increased to about 3,000 books. They were all (S7) ________ that year when the Capitol was burned down during America’s war with Britain.To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson’s collection included 7,000 books in seven languages.(S8) ________. Today, three buildings hold the library’s collection.(S9) ________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. (S10) ________. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.”“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politi cs derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’” says Neil P Lewis, a management p sychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a companyD) the various qualities required for a successful career12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.14. The author considers office politics to be ________.A) unwelcome at the workplaceB) bad for interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement15. It is the author’s view that ________.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flatteryPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.“The Constitution,” said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.”“Don’t you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, par ticularly where there are children around?”“The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导火索) separately in a drawer.”“Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.”The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.”“But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).”“Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program whichwould allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.”16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to________.A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bombB) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeD) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that________.A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawerB) most people don’t know how to handle the weaponC) people’s lives will be threatened by the weaponD) they may fall into the hands of criminals18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it________.A) will frighten away any possible intrudersB) can show the special status of its ownersC) will threaten the safety of the owners as wellD) can kill those entering others’ houses by force19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are verymuch worried that ________.A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged toovercomeB) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponC) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyD) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyB) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsC) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsD) concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., th e world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,”Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff —it’s brain stuff.”21. The study of sign language is thought to be ________.A) a new way to look at the learning of languageB) a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of languageC) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ________.A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brainB) a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC) an English teacher in a university for the deafD) some senior experts in American Sign Language23. According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.A) a Substandard languageB) a genuine languageC) an artificial languageD) an international language24. Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought ________.A) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB) sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC) a language should be easy to use and understandD) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds25. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that ________.A) sign language is as efficient as any other languageB) sign language is derived from natural languageC) language is a system of meaningful codesD) language is a product of the brainPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 2019, to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the World were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,” she said.“But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like When I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”The Princess concluded, with a simple message: “We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an, attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed”and a “loose cannon (乱放炮的人).”The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction (干扰) we do n ot need. All I’m trying to do is help.”Opposition parties, the media and the Public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, andthat it was “working towards” a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunde rstanding.”For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the Chance to get closer to people and their problems.26. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 2019 ________.A) to voice her support for a total ban of landminesB) to clarify the British government’s stand on landminesC) to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD) to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims27. What did Diana mean when she said “... putting a face to those figures brought thereality home to me” (Line 5, Para. 1)?A) She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.B) The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.C) Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.D) Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.28. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ________.A) she was ill-informed of the government’s policyB) they were actually opposed to banning landminesC) she had not consulted the government before the visitD) they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola29. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A) She paid no attention to them.B) She made more appearances on TV.C) She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.D) She rose to argue with her opponents.30. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A) It had caused embarrassment to the British government.B) It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.C) It had greatly promoted her popularity.D) It had affected her relations with the British government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.31. I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me,A) in particularB) in harmonyC) in doubtD) in brief32. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________ thequality of the programs.A) lessenedB) declinedC) affectedD) effected33. I must congratulate you ________ the excellent design of the new bridge.A) withB) ofC) atD) on34. There is a fully ________ health center on the ground floor of the main officebuilding.A) installedB) equippedC) providedD) projected35. For more than 20 years, we’ve been supporting educational programs that ________from kindergartens to colleges.A) moveB) shiftC) rangeD) spread36. The ________ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) conventionB) confinementC) principleD) discipline37. The test results are beyond ________; they have been repeated in labs all over theworld.A) negotiationB) conflictC) bargainD) dispute38. I was so ________ in today’s history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.A) amazedB) neglectedC) confusedD) amused39. It ________ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses whenyou buy both.A) presentsB) entitlesC) creditsD) tips40. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ________ to the movement ofpeople from place to place.A) barrierB) fenceC) preventionD) jam41. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to setup some ________ shops in the residential area.A) flowingB) driftingC) mobileD) unstable42. Mr. Smith says: “The media are very good at sensing a mood and then ________ it.”A) overtakingB) enlargingC) wideningD) exaggerating43. This is not an economical way to get more water; ________, it is very expensive.A) on the other handB) on the contraryC) in shortD) or else44. It was the first time that such a ________ had to be taken at a British nuclear powerstation.A) presentationB) precautionC) preparationD) prediction45. ________ that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a differenthotel.A) PerceivingB) PenetratingC) PuzzlingD) Preserving46. The board of the company has decided to ________ its operations to include allaspects of the clothing business.A) multiplyB) lengthenC) expandD) stretch47. His business was very successful, but it was at the ________ of his family life.A) consumptionB) creditC) exhaustionD) expense48. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ________ source for researchers.A) identicalB) indispensableC) intelligentD) inevitable49. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ________ mathematics, he is the ‘best in theclass.A) comes toB) comes up toC) comes on toD) comes around to50. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ________ for smoking.A) reliefB) revivalC) substituteD) succession51. When carbon is added to iron in proper ________ the result is steel.A) ratesB) thicknessesC) proportionsD) densities52. You should try to ________ your ambition and be more realistic.A) reserveB) restrainC) retainD) replace53. Nancy is only a sort of ________ of her husband’s opinion and has no ideas of herown.A) sampleB) reproductionC) shadowD) echo54. Now that spring is here, you can ________ these fur coats till you need them againnext winter.A) put overB) put awayC) put offD) put down55. There is a ________ of impatience in the tone of his voice.A) hintB) notionC) dotD) phrase56. Please ________ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A) seekB) inquireC) searchD) consult57. At yesterday’s party, Elizabeth’s boyfriend amused us by ________ Charlie Chaplin.A) copyingB) followingC) imitatingD) modeling58. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.A) failureB) lackC) absenceD) drop59. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ________ all aspects ofurban planning.A) insertsB) gripsC) performsD) embraces60. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ________ that the audiencecouldn’t help yawning.A) tediousB) boredC) clumsyD) tiredPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It’s the one __61__ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door __62__ goodbye to students for the summer and calling __63__ them, “By the way, we won World War II.”The problem with the joke, of course, is that it’s __64__ funny. The recent surveys on __65__illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb (令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even __66__ which countries the United States __67__ against in that war. One third have no __68__ when the Declaration of Independence was __69__. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly __70__ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. __71__ when they get the answers right, some are __72__ guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be __73__ connected to loss of international __74__. But it does affect our future __75__ a democratic nation and as individuals.The __76__ news is that there is growing agreement __77__ what is wrong with the __78__ of history and what needs to be __79__ to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性) __80__ yet to be felt in most classrooms.61. A) aboutB) inC) forD) by62. A) shakingB) wavingC) noddingD) speaking63. A) inB) afterC) forD) up64. A) rarelyB) soC) tooD) not65. A) historicalB) educationalC) culturalD) political66. A) distinguishB) acknowledgeC) identifyD) convey67. A) defeatedB) attackedC) foughtD) struck68. A) senseB) doubtC) reasonD) idea69. A) printedB) signedC) markedD) edited70. A) placeB) judgeC) getD) lock71. A) EvenB) ThoughC) ThusD) So72. A) hardlyB) justC) stillD) ever73. A) exclusivelyB) practicallyC) shortlyD) directly74. A) competitivenessB) comprehensionC) communityD) commitment75. A) ofB) forC) withD) as76. A) fineB) niceC) surprisingD) good77. A) toB) withC) onD) of78. A) consultingB) coachingC) teachingD) instructing79. A) doneB) dealtC) metD) reached80. A) thereforeB) orC) andD) asPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120words according to the following guidelines:Your role: a tour guideYour audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include:● some welcoming words● the schedule for the day●a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or ahistorical site, etc.)You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2019年6月19日四级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVS1. popular S2 historical S3 prints S4 instrumentsS5. permitted S6 established S7 destroyedS8. In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street from the Capitol.S9. The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries.S10. Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.。

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。

和睦的大家庭曾非常令人美慕。

过去四代同堂并不少见。

由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。

今天，这个传统正在改变。

随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。

但他们之间的联系依然很密切。

许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。

年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

参考答案2019.12第一套参考范文Dear friend,I am delighted to write this letter to recommend a city for you. I know that you have a strong desire toteach English in recent days. I suppose when you read this letter, you must be satisfied about what I recommend.I would like to share with you some detailed information about it. The first city flashing in my mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Additionally, young people in expanding number in Beijing begin to improve the awareness of English learning. They admit that having a good command of English plays a key role in personal growth and future career. As a consequence, I am sure that you will have a lot of chances to teach English.Thank you for spending time reading this letter and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Good luck to you with all aspects of life.Yours sincerely,Li Ming1-5 DDBCA 6-10 ABCCA 11-15 BDACB 16-20 CDACB21-25 DDABC 26-30 BLKAO 31-35 CEGDH 36-40 FIDGB41-45EHAJC 46-50 BCDBA 51-55 DABAC参考翻译The concept of family in China is related to its cultural traditions. The large and harmonious families were once very enviable. The four generation family used to be very common, in the past. As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage. Today, the tradition is changing. With the improvement of housing conditions, An increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. But the connection between them remains strong. And many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. Young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.资料来源于网络，大学生资源共享平台收集整理。