How to do presentation

How to make an effective presentationI.Introduction常见的presentation 开头部分包括：开头部分包括： Welcoming the Audience 欢迎听众欢迎听众尽管这并不完全重要，但是使用常用的打招呼用语能够建立起和听众之间融洽的关系，也能引起听众的注意力。

也能引起听众的注意力。

Welcome ladies and gentlemen. Welcome everyone.I ’d like to welcome you today. Let ’s get started right away. Thank you for coming. Attention Getters 引起听众的兴趣引起听众的兴趣 可以以令人深思的问题、有趣的故事、惊人的事实等来开始，以抓住听众的注意力，引起听众的兴趣。

引起听众的兴趣。

Suppose … How would you …?(Suppose you were in a tornado. How would you protect yourself?) Have you ever thought about …? Well, if I could explain how …, would you be interested? ( Have you ever thought about becoming a millionaire? Well, if I could explain how to earn a million dollars, would you be interested?) Let me begin by asking you a question.Before I begin, I would like you to think about the following questions. Pacing 节奏节奏 开头的节奏需要缓慢、有板有眼，语调要充满热情。

At some time or other, most of us will have to give a presentation. The idea of speaking in public can be frightening enough if you're a native English speaker, but it's even more so if English is your second language.In this first article on presentation skills, we show you how to take the stress out of giving presentations with eight tips to help you plan a perfect presentation.1. Know your audienceTo give an effective presentation, you need to know something about your audience. How good is their English? How much do they know about the subject of your talk? Why will they be interested in listening to you? It’s a good idea to find out who is attending your presentation so that you can make the information relevant and interesting to them. For example, a presentation on your company’s financial results to financial analysts will focus on results, reasons and analysis. A presentation on new auditing software will focus on the benefits and features of the software.Also ask yourself what you want to achieve from your presentation. Sales presentations are different from information-giving presentations, for example. It’s always a good idea to work out what you want your audience to think or do at the end of your talk, as this will help you focus on the language and content of your presentation.2. Use a strong opening statement or question to interest your audienceThe first minute of your presentation is crucial. In this time you should interest your audience and give them a reason to listen to you. What you say in the first minute depends on your audience and their interests, but it must mean something important to them. Perhaps it is a problem that you know how to solve, or a fact or statistic that they need to know.3. Don’t forget the physical detailsYou’ll need to make sure the room is big enough for the number of people attending, and that you have all the equipment you need. Find out when you are giving your presentation – your audience may be less attentive if it’s right before lunch or at the end of the week and you’ll need to make especially sure that the presentation is interesting if it’s at a difficult time.4. Plan the content of your presentationPlanning helps you focus on your presentation goals, and minimises the chances of anything going wrong.If you know who you are talking to and why you are talking to them, you can put yourself in your audience's position. You can decide what information to include and how to order it.Aim to speak for no longer than 30 minutes, and leave time for questions and answers at the end. Remember that it’s difficult to absorb lots of new information, so don’t aim to include too much.Many presentations are divided into five areas:a) The introduction (Get someone else to introduce you to the audience. This gives you credibility as a speaker and means that you don't have to waste time telling people who you are and why you are there)b) The overviewc) The main body of the presentationd) Your summarye) A question and answer sessionMake brief notes about all the points you want to make in your presentation and make a plan. Organise your presentation into main points and supporting evidence.During the presentation, remember that it is a good idea to refer back to your opening statement and remind your audience why they are listening to you.5. Use index cardsPut your points on individual index cards to help you during the presentation. If you put the key words onto cards (1 card for 1 key word or point) you can refer to them at any time if you forget where you are in the presentation.Use your index cards for any words that you might find difficult to remember, or words that are difficult to pronounce.You can also use the index cards to write the links between points, such as:“this brings me to…”“now I’d like to move on to..”“Right…”6. Keep visuals simpleDon't put too much information in visuals and only use them to illustrate information that would otherwise take too long to explain.Simple graphic visuals such as pie charts and bar graphs work better than visuals with lots of labelling or words. Use colour and different fonts to help information stand out.7. Practice makes perfect!Practise your presentation as often as you can using your index cards. By practising, you will know how long it will take, and where the difficult areas are in your talk. The more you practise, the more confident you will feel!8. Prepare questions and answersYou're likely to have questions at the end of your presentation, so try to think of some in advance, as well as possible answers. The more you prepare these, the better you'll feel able to deal with them.。

Structure of Oral PresentationOrganization is the most essential aspect of oral presentation. It clarifies your argument and helps the audience remember what you say. It also helps you, the speaker, easily manage the delivery of your presentation so that you can gracefully adjust to unforeseen developments.Below is a functional description of each part of one organizational structure. This structure is not intended as a template, but rather is an explanation of how each element of one thoughtful design helps a speaker communicate ideas to an audience. There is an infinite number of ways to arrange ideas, and you are encouraged to experiment with structures until you find a clear and compelling way to organize your presentation. IntroductionA good introduction focuses the attention of the audience on the speaker, and outlines the thesis and support so that listening for each part of the speech is easy for the audience. Hook: Your first sentences are your chance to capture the audience for the entire presentation. Start your presentation with a short anecdote, quotation, fact or any other device that is topical and will interest your audience. If you’re working on a long project, it’s wise to keep your eye out for a fun piece of information to u se as your hook.State the Significance of Your Topic: Inspire the interest of your audience by telling them why your subject matter is of significance to them.Thesis: The thesis is the foundation of the organizational structure. It is the central idea or argument of the presentation. It must be clear or it will be difficult for you to organize your presentation and for your audience to understand it. A thesis should be concise (preferably one sentence) and precise (it alone should communicate the presentation topic). Avoid mixing the thesis with other parts of the introduction.Your thesis indicates what sort of presentation you will make. An analytical, or persuasive thesis is a contention about a body of information that could spark disagreement and needs supporting evidence. An informative thesis tells the audience that you will present a body of information on a topic and usually does not advance an argument. Note that analytical presentations are informative as well—you have to present information if you are going to analyze it.Preview: The preview maps the main points or arguments that you will present in support of your thesis. A helpful trick is to use “buzz words,” which label each point and are easy for the audience to remember. You can use your buzz words again in the topic sentence of each point to alert your audience when you begin a new point.BodyThe body of your speech presents claims and evidence in support of your thesis. It should be broken into several central points, each of which may have sub-points. Determine how to arrange your points based on how you believe your argument or information is best conceptualized. In addition to structuring the body, structure each point internally. Basic structural suggestions for points follow:Topic Sentence: The topic sentence introduces the major arguments or claims supporting the thesis in an analytical speech and the topic of each point in an informative speech. Unfortunately you don’t have the opportunity to highlight you r topic sentence visually with an indented line as you would if you were starting a paragraph, but you can mark it orally by including the buzz words you created in the preview or by signposting (see page 3 for an discussion of signposting). Hint: most people are inclined to put the topic sentence at the end of a point so most speakers must be vigilant about this habit.Preview: Preview sub-points if you have them.Present Evidence: Present (and cite!) information from external sources.Clarify Evidence: Provide an explanation of your evidence so that the audience can understand and evaluate it. When presenting a graph, explain what each axis represents and highlight important conclusions or relationships in the data.Warrant: It isn’t always cle ar to the audience that your evidence can legitimately support your claim. Warrants clarify and justify your claim by providing a rationale for why conclusions made from your evidence are valid. For example, to make the claim, “CEO Anita is guilty of defrauding investors” based on evidence,“Anita accounted for significant company losses in a later accounting period than the one in which they were first apparent,” you need the warrant, “CEO’s who account for losses in a period later than the period in whi ch they were first apparent are guilty of fraud.” Note that the warrant, like the claim, is not absolute and could be changed.Transition: Transitions help you balance the need to break your presentation into sections with the need to convey the interdependent nature of your ideas. Signal a transition between points by explaining how one point relates to the next.ConclusionReview: Remind your audience of the arguments you made in support of your thesis by restating them, again using the buzzwords of your preview and topic sentences.Restate Your Thesis: Follow the review with a restatement of your thesis so that the audience is left with a clear understanding of how your evidence supports your thesis.Conclusion: Your conclusion should give the audience a sense of closure. You might return to your “hook,” pose questions for further discussion, or suggest future inquiries that would further illuminate the topic.More Helpful Organizational Devices:Signposts: Signposts explicitly highlight the presentation’s organization and major ideas for the audience by using marking words (first, next, last, in sum, therefore etc.) or entire phrases (The most important thing to understand about X is…).Internal Summaries: Highlight and clarify the most important conclusions of complex sections of your presentation by summarizing them at the end of the section. Consistent Vocabulary: Use the same word each time you refer to a particular concept. If you use synonymous words or phrases when referring to the same concept, some members of the audience may think you are introducing a new and different concept. Likewise, highlight subtle differences between concepts by using different vocabulary when speaking about them. “Buzz words,” above under “preview,” and “repetition,” discussed below, are variations on this device.Repetition: In this design the preview and review echo each other and the topic sentences and transitions repeat parts of the preview throughout the presentation. This repetition allows people to learn how your presentation, and your ideas, are structured and helps them remember what you said. Repetition is emphasized more in speech than in writing because in speech the audience has little ability to control the speed of the presentation to match their rate of comprehension, and they can not back-loop (meaning re-read sections).Relate Each Point Back to Your Thesis: A common mistake is to state the thesis at the beginning and then proceed without making its presence clear in the rest of the presentation. Individuals in the audience may or may not be able to maintain your thesis in memory and discern how your presentation is supporting it. If you restate your thesis periodically by explaining how each point supports the thesis, your presentation will have unity and people will understand how your ideas work together to support your thesis. (You may have noticed that this device is a variant of repetition).Rate: If you think parts of your presentation will be difficult for your audience to assimilate, you should consider slowing the rate of your delivery or even pausing to let information sink in before you continue. You should also be aware of signals of confusion from the audience and should stop to clarify sections of your presentatio n where necessary. In most situations, it is appropriate to ask the audience whether they need clarification when you are not sure whether they understand a concept.Primacy and Recency: Audiences most easily remember what they hear first and last. You might take advantage of this effect by putting your best points or sub-points first or last. However, it is most important that you build your argument in a logical and sensible way, so you will often find that this organizational consideration is irrelevant.。

IntroductionA good introduction focuses the attention of the audience on the speaker, and outlines the thesis and support so that listening for each part of the speech is easy for the audience.Hook: Your first sentences are your chance to capture the audience for the entire presentation. Start your presentation with a short anecdote, quotation, fact or any other device that is topical and will interest your audience.State the Significance of Y our Topic: Inspire the interest of your audience by telling them why your subject matter is of significance to them.Thesis:The thesis is the foundation of the organizational structure. It is the central idea or argument of the presentation. It must be clear or it will be difficult for you to organize your presentation and for your audience to understand it. A thesis should be concise (preferably one sentence) and precise (it alone should communicate the presentation topic). Avoid mixing the thesis with other parts of the introduction.Your thesis indicates what sort of presentation you will make. An analytical, or persuasive thesis is a contention about a body of information that could spark disagreement and needs supporting evidence. An informative thesis tells the audience that you will present a body of information on a topic and usually does not advance an argument. Note that analytical presentations are informative as well—you have to present information if you are going to analyze it.Preview: The preview maps the main points or arguments that you will present in support of your thesis. A helpful trick is to use “buzz words,” which label each point and are easy for the audience to remember. You can use your buzz words again in the topic sentence of each point to alert your audience when you begin a new point.BodyThe body of your speech presents claims and evidence in support of your thesis. It should be broken into several central points, each of which may have sub-points. Determine how to arrange your points based on how you believe your argument or information is best conceptualized. In addition to structuring the body, structure each point internally. Basic structural suggestions for points follow:Topic Sentence: The topic sentence introduces the major arguments or claims supporting the thesis in an analytical speech and the topic of each point in an informative speech. Unfortunately you don’t have the opportunity to highlight your topic sentence visually with an indented line as you would if you were starting a paragraph, but you can mark it orally by including the buzz words you created in the preview or by signposting (see page 3 for an discussion of signposting). Hint:most people are inclined to put the topic sentence at the end of a point so most speakers must be vigilant about this habit.Preview:Preview sub-points if you have themPresent Evidence: Present (and cite!) information from external sources.Clarify Evidence: Provide an explanation of your evidence so that the audience can understand and evaluate it. When presenting a graph, explain what each axis represents and highlight important conclusions or relationships in the data.Warrant: It isn’t always clear to the audience that your evidence can legitimately support your claim. Warrants clarify and justify your claim by providing a rationale for why conclusionsmade from your evidence are valid. For example, to make the claim, “CEO Anita is guilty of defrauding investors” based on evidence, “Anita accounted for significant company losses in a later accounting period than the one in which they were first apparent,” you need the warrant, “CEO’s who account for losses in a period later than the period in which they were first apparent are guilty of fraud.” Note that the warrant, like the claim, is not absolute and could be chang ed. Transition: Transitions help you balance the need to break your presentation into sections with the need to convey the interdependent nature of your ideas. Signal a transition between points by explaining how one point relates to the next.ConclusionReview: Remind your audience of the arguments you made in support of your thesis by restating them, again using the buzzwords of your preview and topic sentences.Restate Your Thesis: Follow the review with a restatement of your thesis so that the audience is left with a clear understanding of how your evidence supports your thesis.Conclusion: Your conclusion should give the audience a sense of closure. You might return to your “hook,” pose questions for further discussion, or suggest future inquiri es that would further illuminate the topic.More Helpful Organizational Devices:Signposts: Signposts explicitly highlight the presentation’s organization and major ideas for the audience by using marking words (first, next, last, in sum, therefore etc.) or entire phrases (The most important thing to understand about X is…).Internal Summaries: Highlight and clarify the most important conclusions of complex sections of your presentation by summarizing them at the end of the section.Consistent Vocabulary:Use the same word each time you refer to a particular concept. If you use synonymous words or phrases when referring to the same concept, some members of the audience may think you are introducing a new and different concept. Likewise, highlight subtle differences between concepts by using different vocabulary when speaking about them. “Buzz words,” above under “preview,” and “repetition,” discussed below, are variations on this device Repetition: In this design the preview and review echo each other and the topic sentences and transitions repeat parts of the preview throughout the presentation. This repetition allows people to learn how your presentation, and your ideas, are structured and helps them remember what you said. Repetition is emphasized more in speech than in writing because in speech the audience has little ability to control the speed of the presentation to match their rate of comprehension, and they can not back-loop (meaning re-read sections).Relate Each Point Back to Your Thesis: A common mistake is to state the thesis at the beginning and then proceed without making its presence clear in the rest of the presentation. Individuals in the audience may or may not be able to maintain your thesis in memory and discern how your presentation is supporting it. If you restate your thesis periodically by explaining how each point supports the thesis, your presentation will have unity and people will understand how your ideas work together to support your thesis. (You may have noticed that this device is a variant of repetition).Rate: If you think parts of your presentation will be difficult for your audience to assimilate, you should consider slowing the rate of your delivery or even pausing to let information sink inbefore you continue. You should also be aware of signals of confusion from the audience and should stop to clarify sections of your presentation where necessary. In most situations, it is appropriate to ask the audience whether they need clarification when you are not sure whether they understand a concept.Primacy and Recency: Audiences most easily remember what they hear first and last. You might take advantage of this effect by putting your best points or sub-points first or last. However, it is most important that you build your argument in a logical and sensible way, so you will often find that this organizational consideration is irrelevant.。

我们做presentation时不用怕了。

总结的真强大，转帖啦! 来源：杨勇的日志转帖一成功英语演讲的秘诀：开场白、结束语应对问题-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-Please can you save your questions till the end.-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.-Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question欢迎听众(正式)- Welcome to our company- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...- I'd like to thank you for coming.- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming欢迎听众(非正式)- I'm glad you could all get here...- I'm glad to see so many people here.- It's GREat to be back here.- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.- Welcome to X Part II.受邀请在会议上致词- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation... - I am grateful for the opportunity to present...- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman- It's my pleasant duty today to...- I've been asked to...告知演讲的话题- the subject of my presentation is...- I shall be speaking today about...- My presentation concerns...- Today's topic is...- Today we are here to give a presentation on...- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...- A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...- Take a moment and think of...- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度- During the next ten minutes, I shall...- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...引起听众的兴趣- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告诉听众内容要点- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally) - I've divided my talk into five parts...- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.- We all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...-Finally...-By way of conclusion...-I hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you转自/abc/html/kouyujicui/20070821/4.html转帖二做presentation，我们要注意对话题的准备以及态度和身体语言等等，除此之外，我们还应该掌握一些常用句型。

How to Give an Effective PresentationJannette Collins, MD, MEd, FCCPUniversity of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsIntroductionWhen asked for a definition of CME (continuing medical education), many physicians will describe a short course with instructors presenting didactic lectures to large groups of physicians sitting for long hours in a hotel conference room in rows of narrow tables. The lecture is the staple format of CME course instruction. Lectures have been viewed as a poor method to promote the development of thinking skills for the formation of attitudes [1-3]. The main reason for this is the lack of involvement by the participants who remain passive recipients of information. However, when done effectively, the lecture can allow participants to learn new material, explain difficult concepts, organize thinking, promote problem solving, and challenge attitudes [4-6]."Teach the teachers" workshops and courses, which introduce participants to interactive lecturing, lead to lectures that increase student participation and involvement in the large class lecture [7]. The objectives of this presentation are for the participants to be able to differentiate good and bad features of a presentation, evaluate their own and other’s presentation skills, and improve their own presentation skills.Speaker evaluations from the 2002 STR CourseAnalysis of comments from individual speaker evaluations from the STR 2002 Course revealed common features of ineffective lecturing (Table) [8]. The negative feature that was commented on most often (12.4%), and directed at the largest number of faculty (63%) was poor content. Other negative features included poor delivery, image slides, text slides, command of the English language, and handouts. Positive comments did not provide descriptive information regarding effective lectures.Table. Summary of negative comments from individual speaker evaluations# Comments#SpeakersPoor content107 (12.4%)51 (63%)Poor delivery74 (8.6%)31 (38.3%)Poor image slides72 (8.4%)19 (23.5%)Poor English58 (6.7%)9 (11.1%)Poor text slides37 (4.3%)26 (32%)Poor handout19 (2.2%)14 (17.3%)Other37 (4.3%)N/ATotal404 (46.9%)N/ANote: Percents shown represent percent of all comments (n=862) and speakers(n=81).Presentation skillsGelula [9] reported on aspects of voice clarity and speaking speed, approaches to using audiovisual aids, effectively using the audience as a resource, and ways to be entertaining as keys to effective lecturing. According to Gagne’s conditions of learning [10], it is first necessary to motivate and gain attention of the learner in order for learning to take place. When done properly, this aspect of the lecture offers a distinct advantage over written text or computerized programs. Van Dokkum [11] also offered suggestions for effective lecturing that included audience entertainment. He stated, "The two basic elements of a presentation are that it is both scientific and entertaining at the same time." Gigliotti [12] offered suggestions for developing an effective slide presentation, using novelty and humor. The author’s premise was that it will not matter how important the content of a presentation is if it is not heard due to lack of interest. For example, she suggested that a road sign reading "Gas Next Exit" would attract more interest from the audience than a slide that reads "Abdominal distention."In another study, Copeland et al [13] collected data from physicians participating in lecture-based CME internal medicine courses to determine the most important features of the effective lecture. These features were clarity and visibility of slides, relevance of material to the audience, and the speaker’s ability to identify key issues, engage the audience, and present material clearly and with animation. Features determined least likely to affect the attendee’s ratings of a lecture included presenter’s age, gender, physical appearance, and time of day in which the lecture was delivered.Features of effective presentationsFrom evaluation of speakers at the STR Course and the educational literature, specific features of effective presentations were identified. The list of features can be used as a checklist by persons wanting to improve the quality of their presentations and can be used by persons evaluating speakers.Slides•Make images with optimal contrast resolution (not too light or too dark).•Make images big enough to be seen by everyone in the audience, including those in the back of the room.•Use enough images to illustrate the important points of the presentation, with the appropriate number of text slides relative to image slides.•Keep slides simple, avoiding too many lines per slide (>6), too many characters per line, lines extending too inferiorly on slide, distractinganimation effects, and too many graphs.•Use color schemes that optimize visualization of the text, avoiding schemes that make the text difficult to read (i.e. purple or red on green).•Check slides for grammar and spelling errors prior to presentation.Content•Provide an appropriate, limited amount of data that is needed to support the findings and conclusions without overloading the audience with too manystatistics, charts or graphs, or making assumptions without providingsupportive data.•Provide content that is up-to-date and relevant to current practice.•Present content in an unbiased fashion without showing favoritism to one or more companies/institutional protocols when there are acceptable alternatives that the audience should be familiar with.•Follow the printed program and objectives.•Present content that is practical and appropriate for the audience, not too simple or complex or irrelevant to the listeners.•Incorporate appropriate humor or anecdotes into the presentation to engage the audience.Delivery•Vary voice inflection, speaking in a conversational tone rather than a monotone voice.•Speak at an appropriate pace, not too fast, and incorporate pauses into the presentation.•Slow down or pause when showing cine images so that the audience can see the pertinent findings.•Use the slides to emphasize key points, without reading the slides word-for-word.•Speak with enthusiasm, showing interest in the topic and regard for the audience’s interest.•Speak loudly enough that everyone in the audience, especially those in the back of the room, can hear.•Speak clearly and consider rehearsing in front of an appropriate audience, if speaking in a less familiar language than the presenter’s primary language.•Follow time limits.•Incorporate interaction into the presentation, such as asking the audience questions (rhetorical or otherwise), directing the audience to think of orperform a specific task, using case-based examples, or using an audienceresponse system.•Use appropriate gesturing and facial expressions and avoid being a dull, immovable object.•Speak directly into the microphone, even when turning head or moving away from the podium.•Use a laser pointer/cursor to point out or emphasize important features on a slide, avoiding random, distracting movement.•Rehearse the presentation in order to be completely familiar with the content and organization of the slides.•Be familiar with the audiovisual equipment and how to obtain assistance if needed.•Speak professionally and with confidence, without being apologetic for the content or appearance of slides.References1.Newble D, Cannon R. A handbook for medical teachers. Boston: KluwerAcademic, 19942.Frederick P. Student involvement: Active learning in classes. In MG Weimer(Ed.), New directions for teaching and learning, 32: Teaching large classeswell (pp. 45-56). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 19873.McKeachie W. Teaching tips. Lexington, MA: DC Heath, 19944.Gage N, Berliner D. Educational Psychology. Dallas: Houghton-Mifflin, 19915.Frederick P. The lively lecture: 8 variations. College Teaching 1986; 34:43-506.Saroyan A, Snell L. Variations in lecturing styles. Higher Education 1997;33:85-11047.Nasmith L, Steinert Y. The evaluation of a workshop to promote interactivelecturing. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 2001; 13:43-488.Collins J, Mullan BF, Holbert JM. Evaluation of speakers at a national radiologycontinuing medical education course. Med Educ Online [serial online] 2002;7:17.Available from .9.Gelula MH. Effective lecture presentation skills. Surg Neurol 1997; 47:201-20410.Gagne RM, Briggs LJ, Wager WW. Principles of instructional design. 1988.Florida: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.11.van Dokkum W. The art of lecturing: how to become a scientific entertainer.International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 1995; 46:95-10012.Gigliotti E. Let me entertainer-teach you: gaining attention through the use ofslide shows. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. 1995; 26:31-3413.Copeland HL, Stoller JK, Hewson MG, Longworth DL. Making the continuingmedical education lecture effective. The Journal of Continuing Education inthe Health Professions. 1998; 18:227-234Below is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。

如何做一个presentation做presentation时，若能提供看得见的数据，再给观众一些具体可及的线索，那么这场presentation就成功一半了。

现在，Daphne就准备了一些醒目有力的幻灯片来增强presentation的效果。

I have prepared a short slide presentation to give you a picture of the T aiwane se market. Please direct your attention to the screen behind me while I dim th e lights.我准备了一段简短的幻灯片，让各位对台湾市场有个了解。

现在我把灯光调暗，请大家看我背后的屏幕。

The T aipei area, with a population of six million people, is the trendsetter for T aiwan As you can see from these photos of people in the business area, both men and women are very style-conscious. They have an eye for glamour and good looks, and are willing to spend money to get the look they want. This ne xt slide shows the beauty section of a typical drugstore; lots of famous brands from Japan, Europe, and the United States, plus a broad range of domestic br ands. Gentlemen, this is without a doubt a competitive market.拥有六百万人口的台北地区，是台湾流行趋势的创造者。