The use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE)

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北京石油化工设计院体系文件管道专业常用的英文及缩写词BPDI BE321321-05l 范围本文件规定了管道专业在设计文件上常用的英文及缩写词,在设计文件中使用的其它专业缩写词应按相关专业的规定执行。

本文件适用于管道专业的设计工作。

2 说明本文件编制目的是为了统一用词和词的缩写,使设计文件的用词统一、规范并推荐在图纸上采用英文缩写词,尽量减少使用汉字,以利于国际交流。

文字说明和资料翻译时,应使用本规定的英汉对照词。

3 按中文分类排列汉语词英语词英语缩写3.1 阀门类3.1.1常用阀闸阀截止阀(球心阀)节流阀针型阀角阀(角式截止阀) Y型阀(Y型截止阀) 球阀三通球阀蝶阀柱塞阀旋塞阀三通旋塞阀四通旋塞阀旋塞隔膜阀夹紧式胶管阀止回阀Gate valveGlobe valveThrottle valveNeedle valveAngle valveY-valve(Y-boby globe valve)Ball valve3-Way ball valveButterfly valvePiston type valvePlug valve3-Way ball valve4-Way ball valveCockDiaphragm valvePinch valveCheck valveTRV汉语词英语词英语缩写3.1.2其它阀安全泄汽阀(安全阀) 安全泄液阀(卸荷阀) 安全泄压阀罐底排污阀波纹管密封阀电磁阀电动阀气动阀低温用阀蒸汽疏水阀呼吸阀减压阀控制阀调节阀3.1.3不表明结构的阀切断阀手动控制阀调节阀快开阀隔断阀三通阀夹套阀排污阀排液阀放空阀卸载阀排出阀吸入阀多路阀取样阀手动阀旁路阀冲洗阀根部阀底阀3.2 管子与连接3.2.1管子管子(标准规格)管子(非标规格)钢管铸铁管衬里管复合管(包复金属管) Safety valveRelief valveSafety relief valveFlush-bottom tank valveBellow sealed valveSolenoid valveElectrically operated valvePneumatic operated valveCryogenic service valveSteam trapBreather valveReducing valveControl valveBlock valve, Shut-off valve ,Stop valveHand control valveRegulating valveQuick opening valveIsolating valve3-Way valveJacketed valveBlow down valveDrain valveVent valveUnloading valveDischarge valveSuction valveMultiport valveSampling valveHand operated valve, Manually operated valveBy-pass valveFlush valveRoot valve, Primary valve, Header valveFoot valvePipeTubeSteel pipeCast iron pipeLined cining pipeClad pipeSVTRVHCVVTV汉语词英语词英语缩写碳钢管合金钢管不锈钢管奥氏体不锈钢管铁素体合金钢管]无缝钢管焊接钢管镀锌钢管水煤气钢管塑料管玻璃管橡胶管壁厚系列号(管子表号) 壁厚3.2.2管子零件弯头异径弯头长半径弯头短半径弯头180°弯头(回弯头) 三通(T型三通)异径三通等径三通45°三通正三通(Y型三通)四通(十字通)异径管(大小头)同心异径管偏心异径管支管连接支管台(凹台)活接头管接头(管箍)管帽短节(短管)管堵(丝堵)焊接管帽盲板,管道盲板8字盲板特殊管件3.2.3连接对焊的法兰的Carbon steel pipeAlloy steel pipeStainless steel valveAustenitic stainless steel pipeFerric alloy steel pipeSeamless steel pipeWelded steel pipeWater gas steel pipeGalvanized steel pipePlastic pipeGlass tubeRubber tubeSchedule numberWall thicknessElbowReducing elbowLong radius elbowShort radius elbowReturn elbowTeeReducing teeStraight tee45°LateralTrue “Y”CrossReducerConcentric reducerEccentric reducerBranch connectionBossUnionCouling, Full couplingCapNipplePlugWelded capBlank, Blind, Line blankSpectacle blankSpecial pipe fittingsButt weldedFlangedSch.NoW.TLRESREREDCONECCCNIPPLGWCL.BS.PBWFLGD汉语词英语词英语缩写螺纹的承插焊的承插的对焊连接法兰连接螺纹连接管螺纹连接承插焊连接承插连接,套筒连接整体法兰螺纹法兰承插焊法兰松套法兰对焊法兰平焊法兰板式平焊法兰松套板式法兰滑套法兰(平焊法兰)法兰盖孔板法兰异径法兰螺栓圆直径法兰面光面,光滑面突面凹凸面凸面凹面榫槽面榫面槽面环连接面,梯型槽密封面全平面,满平面光滑突面螺栓热紧螺栓冷紧螺纹管帽螺纹焊管座承插焊管帽承插焊管座垫片非金属包覆垫片ThreadedSocket weldedBelledButt welded jointFlanged jointThreaded jointPipe threaded jointSocket welding flangeBell and spigot jointIntegral pipe flangeThreaded flangeSocket welding flangeLap joint flangeWeld neck flangeSlip on flange, Slip on weld flangeWelding plate flangeLoose plate flangeSlip-on-welding flangeBlind flange, BlindOrifice flangeReducing flangeBolt circle diameterFlange facing, facing of flangePlain faceRaised faceMale-female(Seal contact)faceMale faceFemale faceTongue groove faceTongue faceGroove faceRing joint faceFlat face, Full faceSmooth raised faceBolt hot tighteningBolt cold tighteningThread capThread letSocket welded capSocket welded letGasketNon-metallic jacked gasketTHDSWBWTSWTHDFLJFWNFBCDFOFPFRFMFMMFFMFTGFTFGFRJFFFSRFTHDCTHLETSWCSWLET汉语词英语词英语缩写金属包覆垫片缠绕式垫片内环外环金属垫片3.3 管道附件3.3.1组件气液分离器阻火器临时粗滤器永久粗滤器(固定粗滤器) Y型粗滤器T型粗滤器网状粗滤器粗滤器过滤器永久过滤器消音器(消声器)视镜浮球式视镜全视镜取样冷却器喷嘴,喷头喷射器洗眼器膨胀器(伸缩接头)波纹膨胀节球型补偿器填函式补偿器安全淋浴器3.3.2元件排液漏斗漏斗爆破板限流孔板混合孔板软管接头金属软管橡胶管挠性管(柔性管)快速接头旋转接头Metallic jacket gasketSpiral wound gasketInner ringOuter ringMetallic gasketGas-liquid separationFlame arrested(Flame trap)Temporary strainetPermanent strainetY-type strainerT-type strainerGauge strainerStrainerFilterPermanent filterSilencerSight glass(Sight flow glass)Floating ball sight flow indicatorFull view sigh flow indicatorSample coolerSpray nozzleEjectorEye washerExpansion jointBellow expansion jointBall type expansion jointSlip type(packed type)expansion jointSafety showerDrain funnelFunnelRupture diskRestriction orificeMixing orificeHose connectionMetal hoseRubber hoseFlexible hoseQuick couplingSwivel jointE.WS.SRPROHC汉语词英语词英语缩写减压器3.4材料3.4.1 金属材料碳钢合金钢合金结构钢工具钢不锈钢奥氏体不锈钢马氏体不锈钢锻钢铸钢铸铁灰铸铁可锻铸铁球墨铸铁高硅铸铁铝铜黄铜铝镁合金蒙乃尔合金(镍铜合金)钛铅型钢角钢槽钢工字钢(工字梁)宽翼线工字钢(H钢)T字钢方钢扁钢园钢钢带钢板网纹钢板3.4.2非金属材料塑料丙烯晴、丁二烯、苯乙烯橡胶聚乙烯聚氯乙烯ReducerCarbon steelAlloy steelStructural alloy steelTool steelStainless steelAustenitic stainless steelMartensitic stainless steelForged steelCast steelCast ironGrey cast ironMalleable ironNodular cast iron, Nodular cast graphite ironHigh silicon cast ironAluminumCopperBrassAluminum magnesiumMonelTitaniumLeadShaped steelAngle steelChannelI—BeamWide flanged beamT—BarSquare BarFlat BarRound steel, rodStrap steelPlateCheckered platePlasticAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubberPolyethylenePloy vinyl chlorideREDC.SS.SC.IM.IABSPEPVC汉语词英语词英语缩写氯化聚氯乙烯聚丙烯聚苯乙烯氯化聚醚聚碳酸酯有机玻璃聚四氟乙烯碳纤维聚三氟氯乙烯氯化聚乙烯氯磺化聚乙烯环氧树脂泡沫聚苯乙烯玻璃纤维增强聚酯丁腈橡胶氯丁橡胶天然橡胶丁基橡胶丁苯橡胶顺丁橡胶不饱和聚酯聚氨酯耐火砖陶瓷搪瓷石棉3.5 设备安装3.5.1布置装置边界边界内边界外中心线接续线设备布置标高,高程,立面图绝对标高坐标坐标原点装置北真实北方位危险区Chlorinated ploy vinyl chloridePoly propylenePolystyreneChlorinated polyetherPolycarbonatePoly methyl methacrylatePolytetrafluoroethleneCarbon fiberPoly chlorotrifluoroethyleneChlorinated poly ethyleneChlorosulfonated polyethyleneEpoxy resinExpanded poly styreneGlass fiber reinforced polyesterNitride butadiene rubberNeoprene rubberNatural rubberButyl rubberStyrene-Butadiene rubberCis-polybutadiene rubberUnsaturated polyesterPolyurethaneFire brickCeramicPorcelain enamelAsbestBattery limitInside battery limitOutside battery limitCenter lineMatch lineEquipment arrangement; Equipment layout; Plot PlanElevationAbsolute elevationCoordinateOrigin of coordinatePlant northtrue northOrientationHazardous areaCPVCPPPSCPEPCPMMAPTFECARPCTFECPE;CMCSM;CSPREPEPSFRPNBRNRPIBISBRCBRUPPUB.LL.S.B.LO.S.B.LM.LELTN汉语词英语词英语缩写铺砌区非铺砌区楼面地面标高平台场地管廊电缆槽(架) 建筑物钢结构基础柱梁桁架墙篦子板吊装孔吊梁架顶面钢结构顶面混凝土顶面梁顶面板表面吊勾顶面,上面底面,底下支撑点固定点建筑北设计北电缆沟管沟明沟明火地点散发火花地点防火间距支架间距地面坡度吊装孔道路地面内径外径汉语词Paving areaUnpaving areaFloorGround levelPlatformYardPipe rackCable tray(channel)BuildingSteel structureFoundationColun ; Post; StanchionBeamGirderWallGrate; GratingErection openingHoisting beamTop of supportTop of steelTop of concreteTop of BeamPlat faceHookTopBottomPoint of supportFixed pointConstruction northDesign northElectric cable duct; Electrical trenchPipe trenchOpen trenchOpen fire placeSend-out spark placeFire protection spacingSupport spacingGround gradeErection openingRoadGround; Ground levelInside DiameterOutside Diameter英语词GLPFHBTOSTOSTOCTOBPLATFTOPBOTPOSFPDNGRDIDOD英语缩写公称直径公称压力切线中心线门窗地下底板底面控置室分析室配电室变压器室通风室更衣室贮藏室维修室盥洗室,厕所办工室门卫室,传达室接待室,会客室地秤室泵房压缩机室电池室消防栓电气盘仪表盘就地盘3.5.2设备塔洗涤塔吸收塔冷却塔精馏塔换热器空冷器水冷却器冷却器螺旋板换热器套管换热器石墨换热器板片换热器汉语词Nominal diameter; Nominal(pipe)sizeNominal pressureTangent lineCenter lineGateWindowUnder groundBottom of base plateControl roomAnalyzerSubstationTransformer roomVentilation roomLocker roomStorage roomMaintenance roomCloste ; Toilet; WashroomOfficeEntrance guard room; Janito r′s roomReception roomWeigh-bridge roomPump house; Pump roomCompressor house(room)Battery roomFire plugElectrical panelInstrument panelLocal panelTower; ColumnScrubberAbsorberCooling towerFractionating towerHeat exchangerAir coolerWater coolerCondenserSpiral plate exchangerDouble pipe heat exchangerGraphite heat exchangerPlate type heat exchanger英语词DNPNTLUGBBPW.CFPL英语缩写板翅式换热器板式塔填料塔浮阀塔反应器贮罐缓冲器混合罐浮顶罐内浮顶罐固定顶罐卧式储罐球罐罐,鼓,筒,桶气柜螺旋式气柜湿式气柜干式气柜离心泵涡轮泵旋涡泵转子泵齿轮泵内啮合齿轮泵螺杆泵柱塞泵双作用往复泵计量泵,定量泵泥浆泵管道泵手摇泵深井泵输送泵屏蔽泵液下泵潜水泵多级泵立式泵磁力泵气动泵轴流泵混流泵Plate-fin heat exchangerPlate towerFloating distillation towerValve towerReactorTankKnock-out drumMixing tank(drum)Floating roof tank; Pontoon roof tankFloating internal roof tankStationary roof tankHorizontal tankSpheroid; Spherical tankDrumGas holderHelical gas-holderWet gas holderDry gas-holderCentrifugal pumpTurbine pumpV ortex pumpRotary pumpGear pumpInternal gear rotary pump; Crescen gear pump Screw pumpPlunger pumpDouble action reciprocating pumpMetering pumpSlurry pump; Sludge pump; Mud pumpInline pumpHand pump; Wobble pumpDeep well pumpTransfer pump; Delivery pumpShielding can-type pump; Canned pump Submerged pump; Submersible pumpSubmerged pump; Immersible pumpStage pump;, Multistage pumpVertical pump;Magnetic transmission pump; Magnetic coupled pump Pneumatic pumpAxial flow pumpMixed flow pump汉语词英语词英语缩写陶瓷泵陶制泵自吸泵消防泵真空泵叶片式真空泵水环式真空泵(压缩机) 液环泵(压缩机)活塞式压缩机螺杆压缩机离心压缩机多级压缩机往复式压缩机风机,风扇鼓风机离心机离心分离机离心过滤机压滤机板框式压滤机厢式压滤机带式过滤机转鼓式过滤机盘式过滤机板式塔填料塔浮阀塔带式(皮带)运输机螺旋输送机加热器搅拌器炉子烟囱火炬锅炉发电机汽轮机电动机起重机,吊车板式起重机Ceramic pumpStoneware pumpSelf suction pump; self priming pumpFire pumpVacuum pumpVane vacuum pumpWater ring vacuum pump(compressor)Liquid ring pump(compressor)Piston compressorHelical screw compressorCentrifugal compressorMultiple stages compressorReciprocating compressorFan; VanBlowerCentrifugerCentrifugal separatorCentrifugal filterPressure filterPlate and frame filter pressBox type filer pressBelt filterRotating drum type filterTray filterPlate towerPack tower; Packed columnValve tower; Floating distillation towerRibbon conveyer; Belt conveyerScrew convery ; Spirla conveyer; Worm conveyerHeaterAgitatorFurnaceStackFlareBoilerGeneratorSteam turbineMotorGraneBridge crane汉语词英语词英语缩写吊车梁电动葫芦成套设备附属设备,附件干燥器混合器蒸发器萃取器结晶器澄清器喷射器喷头分离器旋风分离器,旋风除尘器布袋收尘器电除尘器除尘器,吸尘器振动筛破碎机颚式破碎机粉碎机,磨碎机提升机,卷扬机斗式提升机电梯泡沫站软管站3.6 管道布置3.6.1设计文件管道布置管道布置平面管道研究“X”视图“A-A”视图详图轴测图,空视图索引图接续图管道及仪表流程图工艺控制图工艺流程图汉语词Crane beam; Hoist beamMotor hoist; Electric hoist; Electric blockPackage unitAttachment equipmentDryerMixerEvaporatorExtractorCrystalligerGravity settlerEjectorSprayerSeparatorCyclone; Cyclone separator deviceCloth envelop collectionElectrostatic precipitator; Electridust precipitatorDuster; Dust arresterVibrating screen; Riddler; Oscillating sieveBreaker; Cracker mill; Crusher; Crushing millJaw breaker ;Jaw crusher; AlligatorGrinder; Pulverizer; Disintegrator; AtomizerHoister; Lifter; Gig; ElevatorBucket elevatorElectrical lift; ElevatorFoam stationHose stationDesign documentPiping assembly; Piping layoutPiping arrangement planPiping studyView“x”Section“A-A”Detail drawingIsometric drawingKey planContinue on drawingPiping and Instrument diagramProcess control diagramProcess flow diagram英语词H.SPAPCODP&ID英语缩写公用工程流程图总图总平面布置图放大图节点地上地下地面附图草图图例符号比例蒸汽伴管热水伴管电伴热夹套管高压中压低压大气，大气压工作压力，操作压力设计压力工作温度，操作温度设计温度管口取样接口清除口，清洗口排出口出口入口连接，接头管口方位排液放空污水坑，污水池地坑，井地漏下水管人孔手孔关闭后加铅封（封关）开启后加铅封（封开）汉语词Utility flow diagramGenera planGeneral arrangement planEnlarged viewNodeAbove groundUnder groundGroundFigueSketchLegendSymbolScaleSteam tracingHot—water tracingElectrical tracingJacketed tracingHigh pressureMedium pressureLow pressureAtmosphereOperating pressure; Working pressureDesign pressureOperating temperatureDesign temperatureNozzleSampling connectionClean outExhaustOutlet; DischargeInlet; suctionConnectionNozzle orientationDrainVentSump pitPitFloor drainSewerManholeHandholeCar seal closeCar seal open英语词UFDAGUGGRDH.P.M.P.L.P.ATMS.CC.ODISCHINLETVENTF.DM.HH.HC.S.CC.S.O英语缩写关闭后加锁（锁关）开启后加锁（锁开）正常时关闭正常时开启故障时关闭故障时开启垂直，正交平行管顶管底管内底底平顶平水平的，卧式的立式的，垂直的水平安装垂直安装管件直连管间距管道跨距管道等级管道材料规定等级分界隔热分界管道附件管道元件面至面中心至面中心至中心中心至端面坡度公称直径公称压力外径内径螺栓圆直径软管接头管段，短管可拆短管直管弯管管内底标高汉语词Locked closedLocked openNormally closedNormally openValve closes on failure of actuating energyValve opens on failure of actuating energyPerpendicularParallelTop of pipeBottom of pipeInvert, Inside bottom of pipeFlat on bottomFlat on topHorizontalVerticalHorizontal installationVertical installationFitting to fittingLine spacingLine spanPiping classPiping material specificationMaterial Specification breakInsulation breakPiping attachmentPiping elementFace to FaceCenter to FaceCenter to CenterCenter to EndSlope; GradeNominal DiameterNominal pressureOutside DiameterInside DiameterBolt circleHose connectionSpool piece; SpoolRemovable joint spoolRun pipe; Straight pipeBendInvert elevation英语词L.CL.ON.CN.OFCFOTOPBOPINVFOBFOTHORVERTFTFF-FC-FC-CC-EDNPNODIDB.CHCRSPIE英语缩写不许出现袋形孔板孔，洞开孔低点标高低点高点平台袋形管外壳3.6.2 管道安装管托管卡管架支耳U型卡带状卡托座吊耳导向板,夹板底板顶板予埋件支承环加强板垫片(垫平用)锚固件预焊件(设备上) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板连接板连接杆限制杆鞍座裙座支承架滑动架固定架导向架吊架弹簧架弹簧托汉语词Not allow pocketOrifice plateHoleCaving holeLow point elevationLow pointHigh pointPlatform; Flat; Floor; Surface plateBag-Shape pipe(outside)Shell; Case(shell);Casing; CoverShoeClampPiping supportLugCleviceStrap clampStoolEarCleatBase plateTop plateEmbedded part; Inserted plateRingStiffenerShimClipClip(on equipment)PTFE sliding plateTie plateTie rodLimit rodSaddleSkirtResting supportSliding supportAnchorGuideHangerSpring supportResting type spring support英语词NO.PC.HLP.LELPHPPF英语缩写弹簧吊架恒力吊架滚动支架减振器悬臂架三角架支腿N型管架L型管架柱式管架墙架管墩,低管架特殊管架(予埋螺栓)伸出长度对中心,找正跨度力矩弯矩扭矩荷载反力位移角位移冷紧,冷位约束固定点应力惯性矩断面系数安全系数3.6.3 焊接与热处理电弧焊电熔焊气熔焊电阻焊气焊等离子焊电渣焊焊条焊丝平焊角焊间断焊汉语词Spring hangerConstant hangerRolling hangerSnubberCantilever supportTriangular supportLegn-type supportL-type supportPole type supportSupport on wallSleeperSpecial supportExtrusionAlignmentSpanMomentBending momentTorqueLoadReactionDisplacementAngular rotationCold springRestraintFix point; Anchor pointStressMoment of inertiaSection modulesSafety factorArc weldingElectric fusion weldingFusion gas weldingElectric resistance weldingGas welding; flame weldingPlasma weldingElectroslag weldingWelding electrode(rod)Welding wireFlat weldingFillet weldingIntermittent welding英语词EFWFGWERW英语缩写点焊对焊搭焊现场焊工厂(车间)焊接坡口无损检验肉眼检验,外观检验超声波控伤磁粉探伤荧光渗透试验水压试验气压试验退火回火正火淬火调质高频淬火渗氮渗碳3.6.4 隔热及涂漆玻璃棉岩棉泡沫玻璃硅酸钙硅酸铝纤维珍珠岩泡沫混凝土蛭石矿渣棉硅藻土石棉板石棉布聚氨酯泡沫聚苯乙烯玻璃布沥青油毡镀锌铁丝镀锌铁丝网管壳毡(被)汉语词Spot weldingButt weldingLap weldingField weldShop weldGrooveNon-Destruction testingVisual testingUltrasonic testMagnetic particle testFluorescent penetrate inspectionHydraulic testingPneumatic testingAnnealingTemperingNormalizingQuenchingQuenching and temperingInduction hardeningNitrogen case-hardeningCarbonizationGlass woolRock woolFoam glass; Cellular glassCalcium silicateAluminosilicace fiberPerliteFoamed concrete; Cellular concreteVermiculiteMineral woolKieselguhr; DiatomiteAsbestos boardAsbestos clothPolyurethaneCellular polystyreneGlass(fiber)clothAsphaltAsphalt feltGalvanized wireGalvanized wire meshShellBlanket英语词F.W英语缩写镀锌铁皮铝板隔热,隔离,绝缘保温保冷人身保护隔音吸声导热系数支承环分贝涂漆底漆面漆防锈漆醇酸瓷漆酚醛漆沥青漆聚氨酯漆有机硅漆环氧树脂漆过氯乙烯漆无机富锌漆3.6.5 紧固件螺栓六角头螺栓方头螺栓双头螺栓环头螺栓沉头螺栓地脚螺栓松紧节,花兰螺栓U型螺栓T型螺栓自攻螺钉膨胀螺栓六角螺母方螺母蝶形螺母锁紧螺母垫圈方垫圈斜垫圈汉语词Galvanized(sheet)ironAluminum sheetInsulationHot instructionCold instructionPersonal protectionSound insulationSound-absorbingThermal conductivity factorSupport ringDecibelPaintingPrimary coat; Bottom coatFinishing coatAntirust paintAlkyd enamelPhenolic paintBituminous paintPolyurethane paintOrganic silicon paintEpoxy resin paintEthylene perchloride paintInorganic zinc-rich paintBoltHexagonal head boltSquare head boltStud boltEye boltCountersunk(head)screwAnchor bolt; Foundation boltTurnbuckleU-boltT-boltSelf tapping screwExpansion boltHexagonal nutSquare washerWing nutLock nutWasherSquare WasherSlant Washer英语词INS英语缩写弹簧垫圈开口销定位销铆钉右螺纹管螺纹锥管螺纹直管螺纹美国标准直管螺纹管子内螺纹梯形螺纹公制螺纹粗牙螺纹通长螺纹,全螺纹粗制的精制的3.7 相关词语基础设计详细设计规划布置阶段初步阶段分析设计阶段成品设计阶段先期确认图纸资料最终确认图纸资料数据表设计文件设计注释设计规定设计规定汇总表详细设计版用户变更通知命名表,管道表规划研究版设计布置图概略版设备布置图投标版设备布置图合同版设备布置图送审版设备布置图成品版设备布置图施工版设备布置图工作程序界区条件标准汉语词Spring washerCotter pinDowel pinRivetRight hand threadPipe threadTaper pipe threadStraight pipe threadAmerican standard taper pipe threadInternal pipe threadTrapezoid threadMetric threadCoarse threadFull threadCoarseFinished; FineBasic designDetail designPlanning stagePreliminary stageAnalytical Engineering phaseProduction design phaseAdvanced certified finalCertified finalData sheetDesign documentDesign noteDesign specificationDesign specification summary sheetDetail design issueClient change noticeNomenclaturePlanning plot planConceptual plot planProposal plot planAward plot planApproval plot planProduction plot planConstruction plot planWorking procedureBattery limit conditionStandard英语词NPTIPTACFCFSPECDSSSDDICCNSTD;STAND英语缩写参考,基准开工会议项目审核会厂商协调会项目进展情况报告顾客承包安装建设试车说明待定版次修改,修订审核提纲审定校核制图部门部,科,室专业图号项目项目号工厂,装置买方(供货)卖方(供货)制造厂(供货)由仪表(专业负责) 铭牌询价净正吸入压头静电接池分散控制系统附件合同号外汇备忘录公章索赔交货付款摄氏汉语词ReferenceKick-off meetingProject review meetingVender co-ordinative meetingProject status reportClient; CustomerContractorErectionConstructionCommissioningDescriptionHoldIssueRevision; ModifyCheck listApprovedCheckedByDepartmentDivisionDisciplineDrawing numberProjectJob No.PlantBy buyerBy sellerBy venderBy instrumentName plateInquireNet positive suction headStatic groundingDistributed Control SystemsAttachmentContract numberForeign exchangeMemorandumOfficial sealClaim indemnityCash on deliveryCentigrade英语词K.O,MVCMPSRREVAPVDCHKDBYDWG. No.Job. No.B.BB.SB.VB.INSTDCSCont No.C.O.DC英语缩写华氏国际单位制美国材料试验协会阀门及配件制造工业标准化协会(美) 全国消防协会(美)石油管线协会(美)美国国家标准协会(美)美国机械工程师学会国际标准化组织国际电工技术委员会美国石油学会美国自来水厂协会美国仪表学会全国电气制造商协会(美) 日本工业标准加拿大标准协会英国标准德国工业标准FahrenheitSystem InternationalAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsManufacturer s′Standardization Society of ValvAnd Fittings Industry National Fire Protection AssociationAssociation of Oil Pipe LinesAmerican National Standard InstituteAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers InternationalOrganization for Standardization International Electrotechnical CommissionAmerican Petroleum InstituteAmerican Water Works AssociationInstrument Society of AmericanNational Electrical Manufactures Association Japanese Industrial StandardCanadian Standard AssociationBritish StandardDeutsche Industrie NormFSIASTMMSSNFPAAOPLANSIASMEISOIECAPIAWW AISANEMAJISCASBSDIN4 按英文字母排列英语词英语缩写汉语词3-Way ball valve3-Way ball valve3-Way valve4-Way ball valve45°LateralAAbove groundAbsolute elevationAbsorberAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber Advanced certified finalAgitatorAir coolerAlignmentAlkyd enamelAlligatorAlloy steelAlloy steel pipeAluminosilicace fiberAluminum英语词AGABSACF英语缩写三通球阀三通旋塞阀三通阀四通旋塞阀45°三通地上绝对标高吸收塔丙烯睛·丁二烯:苯乙烯橡胶先期确认图纸资料搅拌器空冷器对中心，找正醇酸瓷漆颚式破碎机合金钢合金钢管硅酸铝纤维铝汉语词Aluminum magnesium Aluminum sheetAmerican National Standard Institute American Petroleum InstituteAmerican Society for Testing and Materials American Society of Mechanical Engijeers American standard taper pipe thread American Water Works Association Analytical Engineering phaseAnalyzerAnchorAnchor boitAnch pointAngle steelAngle valveAngular rotationAnnealingAntirust paintApproval plot planApprovedArc weldingAsbestAsbestos boardAsbestos clothAsphaltAsphalt feltAssociation of Oil Pipe Lines AtmosphereAtomizerAttachmentAttachment equipmentAustenitic stainless steelAustenitic stainless steel pipeAward plot planAxial flow pumpBBag-Shape pipeBall type expansion jointBall valveBase plateBasic designBattery limit英语词ANSIAPIASTMASMENPTAWW AAPVDAOPLATMB.L英语缩写铝镁合金铝板美国国家标准协会（美）美国石油学会美国材料试验协会美国机械工程师学会美国标准直管螺纹美国自来水厂协会分析设计阶段分析室固定架地脚螺栓固定点角钢角阀(角式截止阀)角位移退火防锈漆送审版设备布置图审定电弧焊石棉石棉板石棉布沥青油毡石油管线协会(美)大气,大气压粉碎机,磨碎机附件附属设备,附件奥氏体不锈钢奥氏体不锈钢管合同版设备布置图轴流泵袋形管球型补偿器球阀底板基础设计装置边界汉语词Battery limit condition Battery roomBeamBell and spigot joint BelledBellow expansion joint Bellow swaled valve Belt filterBendBending moment Bituminous paintBlankBlanketBlindBlindBlind flangeBlock valveBlow down valve BlowerBoilerBoltBolt circleBolt cold diameter Bolt cold tightening Bolt hot tightening BossBottomBottom coat Bottom of base plate Bottom of pipeBox type filer press Branch connection BrassBreakerBreather valve Bridge crane British Standard Bucket elevator BuildingButt weldedButt welded joint Butt welding Butterfly valve英语词L.BL.BB.CBOTBBPBOPBSBWBW英语缩写界区条件电池室梁承插连接,套筒连接承插的波纹膨胀节波纹管密封阀带式过滤机弯管弯矩沥青漆盲板,管道盲板毡(被)盲板,管道盲板法兰盖法兰盖切断阀排污阀鼓风机锅炉螺栓螺栓圆直径螺栓圆直径螺栓冷紧螺栓热紧支管台(凹台)底面,底下底漆底板底面管底厢式压滤机支管连接黄铜破碎机呼吸阀板式起重机英国标准斗式提升机建筑物对焊的对焊连接对焊蝶阀汉语词Butyl rubberByBy buyerBy instrumentBy sellerBy venderBy-pass valveCCable tray(channel)Calcium silicateCanadian Standard Association Canned pumpCantilever supportCapCar seal closeCar seal openCarbon fiberCarbon pipeCarbon steel CarbonizationCase(shell)Cash on deliveryCasingCast ironCast iron pipeCast steelCaving holeCellular concreteCellular glassCellular polystyreneCenter lineCenter to CenterCenter to EndCenter fo FaceCentigradeCentrifugal compressor Centrifugal filter Centrifugal pump Centrifugal separator CentrifugerCeramic英语词PIBIBYB.BB.INSTB.SB.VCASCC.S.CC.S.OCARC.SC.O.DC.IC.HC-CC-EC-FC英语缩写丁基橡胶制图买方(供货)由仪表(专业负责)卖方(供货)制造厂(供货)旁路阀电缆槽(架)硅酸钙加拿大标准协会屏蔽泵悬臂架管帽关闭后加铅封(封关)开启后加铅封(封开)碳纤维碳钢管碳钢渗碳外壳交货付款外壳铸铁铸铁管铸钢开孔泡沫混凝土泡沫玻璃泡沫聚苯烯中心线中心至中心中心至端面中心至面摄氏离心压缩机离心过滤机离心泵离心分离机离心机陶瓷汉语词。

1.阀门类1.1 常用阀闸阀 Gate valve截止阀（球心阀） Globe valve节流阀 Throttle valve TRV针型阀 Needle valve角阀（角式截止阀） Angle valveY 型阀（Y 型截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) 球阀 Ball valve三通球阀 3-Way ball valve蝶阀 Butterfly valve柱塞阀 Piston type valve旋塞阀 Plug valve三通旋塞阀 3-Way cock valve旋塞 Cock隔膜阀 Diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 Check valve1.2 其它阀安全泄汽阀（安全阀） Safety valve SV安全泄液阀（卸荷阀） Relief valve安全泄压阀 Safety relief valve罐底排污阀 Flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 Bellow sealed valve电磁阀 Solenoid valve电动阀 Electrically operated valve气动阀 Pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 Cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 Steam trap T呼吸阀 Breather valve减压阀 Reducing valve RV控制阀 .调节阀 Control valve1.3 不表明结构的阀切断阀 Block valve, Shut-off valve, Stop valve 手动控制阀 Hand control valve HCV调节阀 Regulating valve快开阀 Quick opening valve快闭阀 Quick closing valve隔断阀 Isolating valve三通阀 3-Way valve夹套阀 Jacketed valve排污阀 Blowdown valve排液阀 Drain valve放空阀 Vent valve VTV卸载阀 Unloading valve排出阀 Discharge valve吸入阀 Suction valve多路阀 Multiport valve取样阀 Sampling valve手动阀 Hand operated valve, Manually operated valve旁路阀 By-pass valve冲洗阀 Flush valve根部阀 Root valve, Primary valve, Header valve底阀 Foot valve2. 管子与连接2.1 管子管子（标准规格） Pipe管子（非标规格） Tube钢管 Steel pipe铸铁管 Cast iron pipe衬里管 Lined pipe复合管（包复金属管） Clad pipe碳钢管 Carbon pipe合金钢管 Alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 Stainless steel valve奥氏体不锈钢管 Austenitic stainless steel pipe铁素体合金钢管 Ferric alloy steel pipe无缝钢管 Seamless steel pipe焊接钢管 Welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 Galvanized steel pipe水煤气钢管 Water-gas steel pipe塑料管 Plastic pipe玻璃管 Glass tube橡胶管 Rubber tube壁厚系列号（管子表号） Schedule number Sch.NO壁厚 Wall thickness W.T2.2 管子零件弯头 Elbow异径弯头 Reducing elbow长半径弯头 Long radius elbow LRE短半径弯头 Short radius elbow SRE180°弯头（回弯头） Return elbow三通（T 型三通） Tee异径三通 Reducing tee等径三通 Straight tee45°三通 450Lateral正三通（Y 型三通） True"Y"四通（十字通） Cross异径管（大小头） Reducer RED同心异径管 Concentric reducer CON偏心异径管 Eccentric reducer ECC支管连接 Branch connection支管台（凹台） Boss活接头 Union管接头（管箍） Couling, Full coupling管帽 Cap C短节（短管） Nipple NIP管堵（丝堵） Plug PLG焊接管帽 welded cap WC盲板，管道盲板 Blank, Blind, Line blank L.B8 字盲板 Spectacle blank特殊管件 Special pipe fittings S.P2.3 连接对焊的 Butt welded BW法兰的 Flanged FLGD螺纹的 Threaded THD承插焊的 Socket welded SW承插的 Belled对焊连接 Butt welded joint BW法兰连接 Flanged joint螺纹连接 Threaded joint T管螺纹连接 Pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接 Socket welding flange SW承插连接，套筒连接 Bell and spigot joint整体法兰 Integral pipe flange螺纹法兰 Threaded flange THDF承插焊法兰 Socket welding flange松套法兰 Lap joint flange LJF对焊法兰 Weld neck flange WNF平焊法兰 Slip on flange, Slip on weld flange 板式平焊法兰 Welding plate flange松套板式法兰 Loose plate flange滑套法兰（平焊法兰） Slip-on-welding flange 法兰盖 Blind flange,Blind孔板法兰 Orifice flange异径法兰 Reducing flange BCD螺拴圆直径 Bolt circle diameter法兰面 Flange facing,facing of flange FOF 光面，光滑面 Plain face PF突面 Raised face RF凹凸面 Male-female(Seal contact )face MFM凸面 Male face MF凹面 Female face FMF榫槽面 Tongue groove face TGF榫面 Tongue face TF槽面 Groove face GF环连接面，梯型槽密封面 Ring joint face RJF 全平面，满平面 Flat face,Full face FF 光滑突面 Smooth raised face SRF螺拴热紧 Bolt hot tightening螺拴冷紧 Bolt cold tightening螺纹管帽 Threaded cap THDC螺纹焊管座 Threaded let THLET承插焊管帽 Socket welded cap SWC承插焊管座 Socket welded let SWLET垫片 Gasket非金属包覆垫片 Non-metallic jacked gasket 金属包覆垫片 Metallic jacket gasket 缠绕式垫片 Spiral wound gasket内环 Inner ring外环 Outer ring金属垫片 Metallic gasket3. 管道附件3.1 组件气液分离器 Gas-liquid separation阻火器 Flame arrested(Flame trap)临时粗滤器 Temporary strainer永久粗滤器（固定粗滤器） Permanent strainerY 型粗滤器 Y-type strainerT 型粗滤器 T-type strainer网状粗滤器 Gauge strainer粗滤器 Strainer过滤器 Filter永久过滤器 Permanent filter消音器（消声器） Silencer视镜 Sight glass(Sight flow glass) 浮球式视镜 Floating ball sight flow indicator 全视镜 Full view sigh flow indicator取样冷却器 Sample cooler喷嘴，喷头 Spray nozzle喷射器 Ejector洗眼器 Eye washer E.W膨胀节（伸缩接头） Expansion joint波纹膨胀节 Bellow expansion joint球型补偿器 Ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器 Slip type(packed type)expansion joint 安全淋浴器 Safety shower S.S3.2 元件排液漏斗 Drain funnel漏斗 Funnel爆破板 Rupture disk RP限流孔板 Restriction orifice RO混合孔板 Mixing orifice软管接头 Hose connection HC金属软管 Metal hose橡胶管 Rubber hose挠性管（柔性管） Flexible hose快速接头 Quick coupling旋转接头 Swivel joint减压器 Reducer RED4. 材料4.1 金属材料碳钢 Carbon steel C.S合金钢 Alloy steel合金结构钢 Structural alloy steel工具钢 Tool steel不锈钢 Stainless steel S.S奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel锻钢 Forged steel铸钢 Cast steel铸铁 Cast iron C.I灰铸铁 Grey cast iron可锻铸铁 Malleable iron M.I球墨铸铁 Nodular cast iron, Nodular cast graphite iron 高硅铸铁 High silicon cast iron铝 Aluminum铜 Copper黄铜 Brass铝镁合金 Aluminum magnesium蒙乃尔合金(镍铜合金) Monel钛 Titanium铅 Lead型钢 Shaped steel角钢 Angle steel槽钢 Channel工字钢(工字梁) I-Beam宽翼线工字钢(H 钢) Wide flanged beamT 字钢 T-Bar方钢 Square Bar扁钢 Flat Bar园钢 Round steel,rod钢带 Strap steel钢板 Plate网纹钢板 Checkered plate4.2 非金属材料塑料 Plastic丙烯睛.丁二烯.苯乙烯橡胶 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber ABS聚乙烯 Polyethylene PE聚氯乙烯 Ploy vinyl chloride PVC氯化聚氯乙烯 Chlorinated ploy vinyl chloride CPVC聚丙烯 Polypropylene PP聚苯乙烯 Polystyrene PS氯化聚醚 Chlorinated polyether CPE聚碳酸酯 Polycarbonate PC有机玻璃 Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA聚四氟乙烯 Polytetrafluoroethlene PTFE碳纤维 Carbon fiber CAR聚三氟氯乙烯 Poly chlorotrifluoroethylene PCTFE氯化聚乙烯 Chlorinated poly ethylene CPE;CM氯磺化聚乙烯 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene CSM;CSPR环氧树脂 Epoxy resin EP泡沫聚苯乙烯 Expanded poly styrene EPS玻璃纤维增强聚酯 Glass fiber reinforced polyester FRP丁腈橡胶 Nitride butadiene rubber NBR氯丁橡胶 Neoprene rubber天然橡胶 Natural rubber NR丁基橡胶 Butyl rubber PIBI丁苯橡胶 Styrene-Butadiene rubber SBR顺丁橡胶 Cis-polybutadiene rubber CBR不饱和聚酯 Unsaturated polyester UP聚氨酯 Polyurethane PU耐火砖 Fire brick陶瓷 Ceramic搪瓷 Porcelain enamel石棉 Asbest5. 设备安装5.1 布置装置边界 Battery limit B.L边界内 Inside battery limit I.S.B.L边界外 Outside battery limit O.S.B.L.中心线 Center line接续线 Match line M.L.设备布置 Equipment arrangment; Equipment layout lot plan 标高,高程,立面图 Elevation EL绝对标高 Absolute elevation坐标 Coordinate坐标原点 Origin of coordinate装置北 Plant north真实北 true north TN方位 Orientation危险区 Hazardous area铺砌区 Paving area非铺砌区 Unpaving area楼面 Floor地面标高 Ground level GL平台 Platform PF场地 Yard管廊 Pipe rack电缆槽(架) Cable tray(channel)建筑物 Building钢结构 Steel structure基础 Foundation柱 Colun; Post; Stanchion梁 Beam桁架 Girder墙 Wall篦子板 Grate; Grating吊装孔 Erection opening吊梁 Hoisting beam HB架顶面 Top of support TOS钢结构顶面 Top of steel TOS混凝土顶面 Top of concrete TOC梁顶面 Top of Beam TOB板表面 Plat face PLATF吊勾 Hook顶面,上面 Top TOP底面,底下 Bottom BOT支撑点 Point of support POS固定点 Fixed point FP建筑北 Construction north设计北 Design north DN电缆沟 Electric cable duct; Electrical trench管沟 Pipe trench明沟 Open trench明火地点 Open fire place散发火花地点 Send-out spark place防火间距 fire protection spacing支架间距 Support spacing地面坡度 Ground grade吊装孔 Erection opening道路 Road地面 Ground;Ground level GRD内径 Inside Diameter ID外径 Outside Diameter OD公称直径 Nominal diameter;Nominal(pipe)size DN 公称压力 Nominal pressure PN切线 Tangent line TL中心线 Center line门 Gate窗 Window地下 Under ground UG底板底面 Bottom of base plate BBP控置室 Control room分析室 Analyzer配电室 Substation变压器室 Transformer room通风室 Ventilation room更衣室 Locker room贮藏室 Storage room维修室 Maintenance room盥洗室,厕所 Closte;Toilet;Washroom W.C办工室 Office门卫室,传达室 Entrance guard room;Janitor's room 接待室,会客室 Reception room地秤室 Weigh-bridge room泵房 Pump house ump room压缩机室 Compressor house(room)电池室 Battery room消防栓 Fire plug FPL电气盘 Electrical panel仪表盘 Instrument panel就地盘 Local panel5.2 设备塔 Tower;Column洗涤塔 Scrubber吸收塔 Absorber冷却塔 Cooling tower精馏塔 Fractionating tower换热器 Heat exchanger空冷器 Air cooler水冷却器 Water cooler冷却器 Condenser螺旋板换热器 Spiral plate exchanger套管换热器 Double pipe heat exchanger石墨换热器 Graphite heat exchanger板片换热器 Plate type heat exchanger板翅式换热器 Plate-fin heat exchanger板式塔 Plate tower填料塔 Floating distillation tower浮阀塔 Valve tower反应器 Reactor贮罐 Tank缓冲器 Knock-out drum混合罐 Mixing tank(drum)浮顶罐 Floating roof tank ontoon roof tank内浮顶罐 Floating internal roof tank固定顶罐 Stationary roof tank卧式储罐 Horizontal tank球罐 Spheroid;Spherical tank罐,鼓,筒,桶 Drum气柜 Gas bolder螺旋式气柜 Helical gas-holder湿式气柜 Wet gas holder干式气柜 Dry gas- holder离心泵 Centrifugal pump涡轮泵 Turbine pump旋涡泵 Vortex pump转子泵 Rotary pump齿轮泵 Gear pump内啮合齿轮泵 Internal gear rotary pump;Crescen gear pump螺杆泵 Screw pump柱塞泵 Plunger pump双作用往复泵 Double action reciprocating pump计量泵,定量泵 Metering pump泥浆泵 Slurry pump;Sludge pump;Mud pump管道泵 Inline pump手摇泵 Hand pump; Wobble pump深井泵 Deep well pump输送泵 Transfer pump; Delivery pump屏蔽泵 Shielding can-type pump; Canned pump 液下泵 Submerged pump; Submersible pump潜水泵 Submerged pump; Immersible pump多级泵 Stage pump; Multistage pump立式泵 Vertical pump;磁力泵 Magnetic transmission pump; Magnetic coupled pump气动泵 Pneumatic pump轴流泵 Axial flow pump混流泵 Mixed flow pump陶瓷泵 Ceramic pump陶制泵 Stoneware pump自吸泵 Self suction pump; Self priming pump消防泵 Fire pump真空泵 Vacuum pump叶片式真空泵 Vane vacuum pump水环式真空泵(压缩机) Water ring vacuum pump(compressor) 液环泵(压缩机) Liquid ring pump(compressor)活塞式压缩机 Piston compressor螺杆压缩机 Helical screw compressor离心压缩机 Centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 Multiple stages compressor往复式压缩机 Reciprocating compressor风机,风扇 Fan; Van鼓风机 Blower离心机 Centrifuger离心分离机 Centrifugal separator离心过滤机 centrifugal filter压滤机 Pressure filter板框式压滤机 Plate and frame filter press厢式压滤机 Box type filer press带式过滤机 Belt filter转鼓式过滤机 Rotating drum type filter盘式过滤机 Tray filter板式塔 Plate tower填料塔 Packed tower; Packed column浮阀塔 Valve tower; Floating distillation tower 带式(皮带)运输机 Ribbon conveyer; Belt conveyer螺旋输送机 Screw convery; Spirla conveyer; Worm conveyer加热器 Heater搅拌器 Agitator炉子 Furnace烟囱 Stack火炬 Flare锅炉 Boiler发电机 Generator汽轮机 Steam turbine电动机 Motor起重机,吊车 Crane板式起重机 Bridge crane吊车梁 Crane beam; Hoist beam电动葫芦 Motor hoist; Electric hoist; Electric block成套设备 Package unit附属设备,附件 Attachment equipment干燥器 Dryer混合器 Mixer蒸发器 Evaporator萃取器 Extractor结晶器 Crystalliger澄清器 Gravity settler喷射器 Ejector喷头 Sprayer分离器 Separator旋风分离器,旋风除尘器 Cyclone;Cyclone separator device 布袋收尘器 Cloth envelop collection电除尘器 Electrostatic precipitator; Electridust precipitator 除尘器,吸尘器 Duster; Dust arrester振动筛 Vibrating screen;Riddler;Oscillating sieve破碎机 Breaker; Cracker mill; Crusher; Crushing mill 颚式破碎机 Jaw breaker; Jaw crusher; Alligator粉碎机,磨碎机 Grinder; Pulverizer; Disintegrator;Atomizer 提升机,卷扬机 Hoister; Lifter; Gig; Elevator斗式提升机 Bucket elevator电梯 Electrical lift; Elevator泡沫站 Foam station软管站 Hose station H.S6. 管道布置6.1 设计文件管道布置 Piping assembly; Piping layout管道布置平面 Piping arrangement plan PAP管道研究 Piping study"X" 视图 View "X""A-A" 视图 Section "A-A"详图 Detail drawing轴测图,空视图 Isometric drawing索引图 Key plan接续图 Continue on drawing COD 管道及仪表流程图 Piping and Instrument diagram P&ID 工艺控制图 Process control diagram工艺流程图 Process flow diagram公用工程流程图 Utility flow diagram UFD总图 Genera plan总平面布置图 General arrangement plan放大图 Enlarged view节点 Node地上 Above ground AG地下 Under ground UG地面 Ground GRD附图 Figue草图 Sketch图例 Legend符号 Symbol比例 Scale蒸汽伴管 Steam tracing热水伴管 Hot-water tracing电伴热 Electrical tracing夹套管 Jacketed tracing高压 High pressure H.P.中压 Medium pressure M.P.低压 Low pressure L.P.大气,大气压 Atmosphere ATM工作压力,操作压力 Operating pressure; Working pressure设计压力 Design pressure工作温度,操作温度 Operating temperature设计温度 Design temperature管口 Nozzle取样接口 Sampling connection S.C清除口,清洗口 Clean out C.O排出口 Exhaust出口 Outlet; Discharge DISCH入口 Inlet; suction INLET连接,接头 Connection管口方位 Nozzle orientation排液 Drain放空 Vent VENT污水坑,污水池 Sump pit地坑,井 Pit地漏 Floor drain F.D下水管 Sewer人孔 Manhole M.H手孔 Handhole H.H关闭后加铅封(封关) Car seal close C.S.C开启后加铅封(封开) Car seal open C.S.O关闭后加锁(锁关) Locked closed L.C开启后加锁(锁开) Locked closed L.O正常时关闭 Normally close N.C正常时开启 Normally open N.O故障时关闭 Valve closes on failure of actuating energy FC 故障时开启 Valve opens on failure of actuating energy FO垂直,正交 Perpendicular平行 Parallel管顶 Top of pipe TOP管底 Bottom of pipe BOP管内底 Invert,Inside bottom of pipe INV底平 Flat on bottom FOB顶平 Flat on top FOT水平的,卧式的 Horizontal HOR立式的,垂直的 Vertical VERT水平安装 Horizontal installation垂直安装 Vertical installation管件直连 Fitting to fitting FTF管间距 Line spacing管道跨距 Line span管道等级 Piping class管道材料规定 Piping material specification 等级分界 Material Specification break隔热分界 Insulation break管道附件 Piping attachment管道元件 Piping element面至面 Face to Face F-F中心至面 Center to Face C-F中心至中心 Center to Center C-C中心至端面 Center to End C-E坡度 Slope; Grade公称直径 Nominal Diameter DN公称压力 Nominal pressure PN外径 Outside Diameter OD内径 Inside Diameter ID螺栓圆直径 Bolt circle B.C软管接头 Hose connection HC管段,短管 Spool piece; Spool可拆短管 Removable joint spool RSP直管 Run pipe; Straight pipe弯管 Bend管内底标高 Invert elevation IE不许出现袋形 Not allow pocket NO.P孔板 Orifice plate孔,洞 Hole低点标高 Low point elevation LP.LE低点 Low point LP高点 High point HP平台 Platform; Flat; Floor; Surface plate PF 袋形管 Bag-Shape pipe外壳 (outside)Shell;Case(shell);Casing;Cover6.2 管道安装管托 Shoe管卡 Clamp管架 Piping support支耳 LugU 型卡 Clevice带状卡 Strap clamp托座 Stool吊耳 Ear导向板,夹板 Cleat底板 Base plate顶板 Top plate予埋件 Embedded part; Inserted plate支承环 Ring加强板 Stiffener垫片(垫平用) Shim锚固件 Clip预焊件(设备上) Clip(on equipment) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate连接板 Tie plate连接杆 Tie rod限制杆 Limit rod鞍座 Saddle裙座 Skirt支承架 Resting support滑动架 Sliding support固定架 Anchor导向架 Guide吊架 Hanger弹簧架 Spring support弹簧托 Resting type spring support 弹簧吊架 Spring hanger恒力吊架 Constant hanger滚动支架 Rolling hanger减振器 Snubber悬臂架 Cantilever support三角架 Triangular support支腿 Legn 型管架 n-type supportL 型管架 L-type support柱式管架 Pole type support墙架 Support on wall管墩,低管架 Sleeper特殊管架 Special support(予埋螺栓)伸出长度 Extrusion对中心,找正 Alignment跨度 Span力矩 Moment弯矩 Bending moment扭矩 Torque荷载 Load反力 Reaction位移 Displacement角位移 Angular rotation冷紧,冷拉 Cold spring约束 Restraint固定点 Fix point; Anchor point应力 Stress惯性矩 Moment of inertia断面系数 Section modules安全系数 Safety factor6.3 焊接与热处理电弧焊 Arc welding电熔焊 Electric fusion welding EFW 气熔焊 Fusion gas welding FGW电阻焊 Electric resistance welding ERW 气焊 Gas welding; flame welding 等离子焊 Plasma welding电渣焊 Electroslag welding焊条 Welding electrode(rod)焊丝 Welding wire平焊 Flat welding角焊 Fillet welding间断焊 Intermittent welding点焊 Spot welding对焊 Butt welding搭焊 Lap welding现场焊 Field weld F.W工厂(车间)焊接 Shop weld坡口 Groove无损检验 Non-Destruction testing肉眼检验,外观检验 Visual testing超声波探伤 Ultrasonic test磁粉探伤 Magnetic particle test荧光渗透试验 Fluorescent penetrate inspection 水压试验 Hydraulic testing气压试验 Pneumatic testing退火 Annealing回火 Tempering正火 Normalizing淬火 Quenching调质 Quenching and tempering高频淬火 Induction hardening渗氮 Nitrogen case-hardening渗碳 Carbonization6.4 隔热及涂漆玻璃棉 Glass wool岩棉 Rock wool泡沫玻璃 Foam glass; Cellular glass硅酸钙 Calcium silicate硅酸铝纤维 Aluminosilicace fiber珍珠岩 Perlite泡沫混凝土 Foamed concrete; Cellular concrete蛭石 Vermiculite矿渣棉 Mineral wool硅藻土 Kieselguhr; Diatomite石棉板 Asbestos board石棉布 Asbestos cloth聚氨酯 Polyurethane泡沫聚苯乙烯 Cellular polystyrene 玻璃布 Glass(fiber) cloth沥青 Asphalt油毡 Asphalt felt镀锌铁丝 Galvanized wire 镀锌铁丝网 Galvanized wire mesh管壳 Shell毡(被) Blanket镀锌铁皮 Galvanized (sheet) iron铝板 Aluminum sheet隔热,隔离,绝缘 Insulation INS保温 Hot instruction保冷 Cold instruction人身保护 Personal protection隔音 Sound insulation吸声 Sound-absorbing导热系数 Thermal conductivity factor 支承环 Support ring分贝 Decibel涂漆 Painting底漆 Primary coat; Bottom coat面漆 Finishing coat防锈漆 Antirust paint醇酸瓷漆 Alkyd enamel酚醛漆 Phenolic paint沥青漆 Bituminous paint聚氨酯漆 Polyurethane paint有机硅漆 Organic silicon paint环氧树脂漆 Epoxy resin paint过氯乙烯漆 Ethylene perchloride paint 无机富锌漆 Inorganic zinc-rich paint6.5 紧固件螺栓 Bolt六角头螺栓 Hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓 Square head bolt双头螺栓 Stud bolt环头螺栓 Eye bolt沉头螺栓 Countersunk(head) screw地脚螺栓 Anchor bolt; Foundation bolt松紧节,花兰螺栓 TurnbuckleU 型螺栓 U-boltT 型螺栓 T-bolt自攻螺钉 Self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 Expansion bolt六角螺母 Hexagonal nut方螺母 Square washer蝶形螺母 Wing nut锁紧螺母 Lock nut垫圈 Washer方垫圈 Square Washer斜垫圈 Slant Washer弹簧垫圈 Spring washer开口销 Cotter pin定位销 Dowel pin铆钉 Rivet右螺纹 Right hand thread管螺纹 Pipe thread锥管螺纹 Taper pipe thread直管螺纹 Straight pipe thread美国标准直管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread NPT 管子内螺纹 Internal pipe thread IPT梯形螺纹 Trapezoid thread公制螺纹 Metric thread粗牙螺纹 Coarse thread通长螺纹,全螺纹 Full thread粗制的 Coarse精制的 Finished; Fine7. 相关词语基础设计 Basic design详细设计 Detail design规划布置阶段 Planning stage初步阶段 Preliminary stage分析设计阶段 Analytical Engineering phase 成品设计阶段 Production design phase 先期确认图纸资料 Advanced certified final ACF 最终确认图纸资料 Certified final CF数据表 Data sheet设计文件 Design document设计注释 Design note设计规定 Design specification SPEC设计规定汇总表 Design specification summary sheet DSSS 详细设计版 Detail design issue DDI用户变更通知 Client change notice CCN命名表,管道表 Nomenclature规划研究版设计布置图 Planning plot plan概略版设备布置图 Conceptual plot plan投标版设备布置图 Proposal plot plan合同版设备布置图 Award plot plan送审版设备布置图 Approval plot plan成品版设备布置图 Production plot plan施工版设备布置图 Construction plot plan工作程序 Working procedure界区条件 Battery limit condition标准 Standard STD;STAND参考,基准 Reference开工会议 Kick-off meeting K.O.M项目审核会 Project review meeting厂商协调会 Vender co-ordinative meeting VCM项目进展情况报告 Project status report PSR顾客 Client; Customer承包 Contractor安装 Erection建设 Construction试车 Commissioning说明 Description待定 Hold版次 Issue修改,修订 Revision; Modify REV审核提纲 Check list审定 Approved APVD校核 Checked CHKD制图 By BY部门 Department部,科,室 Division专业 Discipline图号 Drawing number DWG.No.项目 Project项目号 Job No. Job.No.工厂,装置 Plant买方(供货) By buyer B.B卖方(供货) By seller B.S制造厂(供货) By vender B.V由仪表(专业负责) By instrument B.INST铭牌 Name plate询价 Inquire净正吸入压头 Net positive suction head静电接地 Static grounding分散控制系统 Distributed Control Systems DCS附件 Attachment合同号 Contract number Cont.No.外汇 Foreign exchange备忘录 Memorandum公章 Official seal索赔 Claim indemnity交货付款 Cash on delivery C.O.D摄氏 Centigrade C华氏 Fahrenheit F国际单位制 System International SI美国材料试验协会 American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM阀门及配件制造工业标准化协会(美)Manufacturers'Standardization Society ofValve and Fittings Industry MSS全国消防协会(美) National Fire Protection Association NFPA石油管线协会(美) Association of Oil Pipe Lines AOPL 美国国家标准协会(美) American National Standard Institute ANSI美国机械工程师学会 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME 美国仪表学会 Instrument Society of American ISA全国电气制造商协会(美) National Electrical Manufactures Association NEMA 日本工业标准 Japanese Industrial Standard JIS加拿大标准协会 Canadian Standard Association CAS英国标准 British Standard BS德国工业标准 Deutsche Industrie Norm DIN表面处理关连用语 <br>age hardening 时效硬化 ageing 老化处理 <br>air hardening 气体硬化 air patenting 空气韧化 <br>annealing 退火 anode effect 阳极效应 <br>anodizing 阳极氧化处理 atomloy treatment 阿托木洛伊表面 <br>austempering 奥氏体等温淬火 austenite 奥斯田体/奥氏体 <br>bainite 贝氏体 banded structure 条纹状组织 <br>barrel plating 滚镀 barrel tumbling 滚筒打光 <br>blackening 染黑法 blue shortness 青熟脆性 <br>bonderizing 磷酸盐皮膜处理 box annealing 箱型退火 <br>box carburizing 封箱渗碳 bright electroplating 辉面电镀 <br> bright heat treatment 光辉热处理 bypass heat treatment 旁路热处理 <br>carbide 炭化物 carburized case depth 浸碳硬化深层 <br>carburizing 渗碳 cementite 炭化铁 <br>chemical plating 化学电镀 chemical vapor deposition 化学蒸镀 <br>coarsening 结晶粒粗大化 coating 涂布被覆 <br>cold shortness 低温脆性 comemtite 渗碳体 <br>controlled atmosphere 大气热处理 corner effect 锐角效应 <br>creeping discharge 蠕缓放电 decarburization 脱碳处理 <br>decarburizing 脱碳退火 depth of hardening 硬化深层 <br>diffusion 扩散 diffusion annealing 扩散退火 <br>electrolytic hardening 电解淬火 embossing 压花 <br>etching 表面蚀刻 ferrite 肥粒铁 <br>first stage annealing 第一段退火 flame hardening 火焰硬化 <br>flame treatment 火焰处理 full annealing 完全退火 <br>gaseous cyaniding 气体氧化法 globular cementite 球状炭化铁 <br>grain size 结晶粒度 granolite treatment 磷酸溶液热处理 <br>graphitizing 石墨退火 hardenability 硬化性 <br>hardenability curve 硬化性曲线 hardening 硬化 <br>heat treatment 热处理 hot bath quenching 热浴淬火 <br>hot dipping 热浸镀 induction hardening 高周波硬化 <br>ion carbonitriding 离子渗碳氮化 ion carburizing 离子渗碳处理 <br>ion plating 离子电镀 isothermal annealing 等温退火 <br>liquid honing 液体喷砂法 low temperature annealing 低温退火 <br>malleablizing 可锻化退火 martempering 麻回火处理 <br>martensite 马氏体/硬化铁炭 metallikon 金属喷镀法 <br>metallizing 真空涂膜 nitriding 氮化处理 <br>nitrocarburizing 软氮化 normalizing 正常化 <br>oil quenching 油淬化 overageing 过老化 <br>overheating 过热 pearlite 针尖组织 <br>phosphating 磷酸盐皮膜处理 physical vapor deposition 物理蒸镀 <br>plasma nitriding 离子氮化 pre-annealing 预备退火 <br>precipitation 析出 precipitation hardening 析出硬化 <br>press quenching 加压硬化 process annealing 制程退火 <br>quench ageing 淬火老化 quench hardening 淬火 <br>quenching crack 淬火裂痕 quenching distortion 淬火变形 <br>quenching stress 淬火应力 reconditioning 再调质 <br>recrystallization 再结晶 red shortness 红热脆性 <br>residual stress 残留应力 retained austenite 残留奥 <br>rust prevention 防蚀 salt bath quenching 盐浴淬火 <br>sand blast 喷砂处理 seasoning 时效处理 <br>second stage annealing 第二段退火 secular distortion 经年变形 <br>segregation 偏析 selective hardening 部分淬火 <br>shot blast 喷丸处理 shot peening 珠击法 <br>single stage nitriding 等温渗氮 sintering 烧结处理 <br>soaking 均热处理 softening 软化退火 <br>solution treatment 固溶化热处理 spheroidizing 球状化退火 <br> stabilizing treatment 安定化处理 straightening annealing 矫直退火 <br> strain ageing 应变老化 stress relieving annealing 应力消除退火 <br>subzero treatment 生冷处理 supercooling 过冷 <br>surface hardening 表面硬化处理 temper brittleness 回火脆性 <br>temper colour 回火颜色 tempering 回火 <br>tempering crack 回火裂痕 texture 咬花 <br>thermal refining 调质处理 thermoechanical treatment 加工热处理 <br>time quenching 时间淬火 transformation 变态 <br>tufftride process 软氮化处理 under annealing 不完全退火 <br> vacuum carbonitriding 真空渗碳氮化 vacuum carburizing 真空渗碳处理 <br>vacuum hardening 真空淬火 vacuum heat treatment 真空热处理 <br>vacuum nitriding 真空氮化 water quenching 水淬火 <br>wetout 浸润处理 <br><br>焊接用语 <br>acetylene 乙炔 ampere 电流安培 <br>angle welding 角焊 arc 电弧 <br>argon arc welding 氩弧焊接 bare electrode 光熔接条 <br>butt welding 对接焊接 camber 电弧弯曲 <br>cascade 阶叠熔接法 clad weld 被覆熔接 <br>crator 焊疤 excess metal 多余金属 <br>filler rod 焊条 fillet weld 填角焊接 <br>gas shield 气体遮蔽 groove welding 起槽熔接 <br>hand face shield 手握面罩 hard facing 硬表面堆焊 <br>jig welding 工模焊接 laser beam welding 雷射光焊接 <br>metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接 nugget 点焊熔核 <br>overlaying 堆焊 peening of welding 珠击熔接法 <br>plug welding 塞孔熔接 positioned welding 正向熔接 <br>pressure welding 压焊 propane gas cutting 丙烷气切割 <br>pure nickel electrode 纯镍熔接条 reinforcement of weld 加强焊接 <br>resist 抗蚀护膜 root running 背面熔接 <br>seam 焊缝 seaming 接合 <br>seam welding 流缝熔接 series seam welding 串联缝熔接 <br>skip welding process 跳焊法 spark 火花 <br>spot welding 点焊接 stitch welding 针角焊接 <br>stud arc welding 电弧焊接 under laying 下部焊层 <br>void 焊接空隙 weld flow mark 焊接流痕 <br>weld flush 焊缝凸起 weld line 焊接纹 <br>weld mark 焊接痕 weld penetration 熔接透入 <br>weld zone 焊接区 welding 焊接 <br>welding bead 焊接泡 welding direction 焊接方向 <br>welding distortion 焊接变形 welding flux 焊剂 <br>welding ground 电熔接地 welding interval 焊接周期 <br> welding stress 熔接应变 welding torch 熔接气炬 <br>。

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A．Couper（古柏尔）acridine（吖啶）acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine（腺嘌呤）adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule（开库勒）alanine（丙氨酸）alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane（烷烃）alkene（烯烃）alkylation（傅-克烷基化反应）alkyne（炔烃）aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines（胺类）amide(酰胺)amidino（脒基）amino acid（氨基酸）β-aminobutyric acid（β-氨基丁酸）ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula（锯架式）andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene（轮烯）anomer（异头物）anomeric effect（异头效应）anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene（蒽）antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound（反芳香性化合物）apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound（芳香性化合物）aromatic hydrocarbon（芳香烃）aromaticity（芳香性）aromatization（芳构化）arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine（精氨酸）aspartic acid（天冬氨酸）asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital（原子轨道）A.Wurtz reaction（武兹反应）axial bond（直立键，a键）azulene）Baeyer（拜耳）baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole（苯并咪唑）benzothiazole（苯并噻唑）benzene（苯）berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius（伯察留史）beta-pleated sheet（ -折叠）bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate（生物甲基化）biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond （σ键）πbond （π键）borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon（桥环烃）bytrepob（布特力洛夫）camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene（卡宾;碳烯）carbohydrate（碳水化合物）carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose（纤维二糖）cellulose（纤维素）cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution（链状碳架）chain initiation step（链引发阶段）chain propagation step（链增长阶段）chain termination step（链终止阶段）chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex（电荷转移络合物）chemical bond（化学键）chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin（甲壳质）chitosamine（壳糖胺）chlorophyll（叶绿素）cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography（色谱法）chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine（金鸡宁）cis-trans isomer（顺反异构体）cistrans isomerism（顺反异构）citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement（克莱森重排）Claisen-Schmidt reaction（克莱森－斯密特反应）cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction（协同反应）condensed nuclei hydrocarbon（稠环烃）conformation（构象）conformational isomerism（构象异构）coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene（共轭二烯烃）conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect（共轭效应）conservation of orbital symmetry（分子轨道对称性守恒理论）constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether（冠醚）cumulative diene（聚集二烯烃）curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution（环状碳架）cycloaddition recation（环加成反应）cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin（环糊精）cysteine（半胱氨酸）daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron（离域电子）delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature（变性）deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer（非对映体）diazotization reaction（重氮化反应）diazonium salt（重氮盐）diborane（乙硼烷）dichlorocarbene（二氯卡宾）β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction（狄尔斯—阿尔德反应）diene（双烯体，二烯烃）dienophile（亲双烯体）dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation（蒸馏法）diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number（有效原子序数）E.J.Cory—H.House reaction（科瑞—郝思反应）electric field scan（电场扫描）18-electron rule（18电子规则）electromeric effect（电性效应）electrophilic addition（亲电加成反应）electrophilic substitution（亲电取代）electrophile（亲电性试剂）elimination reaction（消除反应）Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism（对映异构）enantiomer(对映体)end－group effect（端基效应）entgegen（E,相反之意）energy of activation（活化能）enzyme（酶）ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素，没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation（环氧化反应）equatorial bond(平伏键，e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid（必需氨基酸）essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction（萃取法）farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical （自由基）free radical chain reaction （自由基链反应） Freon （氟利昂）Friedel-Crafts reaction （傅瑞德尔－克拉夫兹反应） reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose （果糖）fucose （海藻糖）furan （呋喃）fused ring carbon constitution （稠环碳架） F.Wohler （武勒）Gabreil reaction （盖布瑞尔合成法）galactose （半乳糖）..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction（盖特曼－科希反应）geometricalisomer（几何异构体）germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose（葡萄糖）glutamic acid（谷氨酸）glutamine（谷酰胺）glycerol（甘油）glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen（糖原）glycoside（糖苷）glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin（哥美林）green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction（格氏反应）Grignard Reagent（格林那试剂，格氏试剂）G.Schiemann reaction（希曼反应）guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine（鸟嘌呤）guanyl (脒基)haloform（卤仿）halogenation（卤代反应）halogenation reaction（卤化反应）Haworth（哈沃斯）heat of hydrogenation（氢化热）heat of reaction（反应热）hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction（兴斯堡反应）histidine（组氨酸）H.Kolbe（科尔贝）Hoffmann degradation（霍夫曼降解反应）Hoffmann elimination（霍夫曼消除）Hoffmann exhaustive methylation（霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应）HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital，最高被占用分子轨道) homolog（同系物）homologous series（同系列）hormone (激素)Hückel rule（休克尔规则）hybrid orbital（杂化轨道）hydroboration（硼氢化反应）hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond（氢键）hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect（超共轭效应）imidazole（咪唑）inclusion compound（包含物）indole（吲哚）inductive effect（诱导效应）infrared spectroscopy（红外光谱）insulin（胰岛素）invert sugar（转化糖）iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point（PI,等电点）isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene（隔离二烯烃）isoleucine（异亮氨酸）isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer（同分异构体）isoquinoline（异喹啉）isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole（异噻唑）isoxazole（异噁唑）Jones reagent（琼斯试剂）ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement（傅瑞斯重排）K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction（克脑文盖尔反应）Kolbe-Schmidt reaction（柯尔柏-施密特反应）Kutchcrov reaction（库切洛夫反应）lactose（乳糖）lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine（亮氨酸）leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar（林德拉）liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide（甲基锂）lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent（卢卡斯试剂）LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine（赖氨酸）maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan（磁场扫描）malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose（麦芽糖）Mannich reaction（满尼希反应）mannose（甘露糖）mass spectroscopy（质谱）matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot（佰赛儒）Mclafferty（麦可拉费蒂重排）(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)（±）-menthol [（±）-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer （内消旋体）methionine（蛋氨酸）methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital（分子轨道）molecular orbital theory（分子轨道理论）monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide（单糖）morphine (吗啡)mutarotation（变旋光现象）naphthalene（萘）narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) （±）-neomenthol [（±）-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection（纽曼投影式）Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration（硝化反应）nitro compound（硝基化合物）nonaromatic compound（非芳香性化合物）nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon（非苯芳烃）nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（核磁共振谱）nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应）nucleophilic reagent（亲核试剂）nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide（寡糖）frontier orbital (前线轨道理论）Oppenaner oxidizing reaction（欧芬脑尔氧化）optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound（有机金属化合物）organometallics （金属有机化合物）orientation rule （定位规则）oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole （噁唑）oxidation number （氧化值）oxidation state （氧化态）盐）oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin （烷烃）pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide （肽）peptide bond （肽键）peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction （周环反应）Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation （透析法）peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene （菲）phenylalanine （苯丙氨酸）phosphorus ylide（膦叶立德）phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol（频哪醇）pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（多环芳烃）polymer（聚合物）polynuclear aromatic compound（稠环芳烃）polypeptide（多肽）polyreaction（聚合反应）polysaccharide（多糖）polytetrafluroethyleney（泰氟隆）unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation（沉淀法）primary structure（一级结构）proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein（蛋白质）pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine（蝶啶）purine（嘌呤）pyran（吡喃）pyrazine（吡嗪）pyrazole（吡唑）pyridazine（哒嗪）pyridine（吡啶）pyrimidine（嘧啶）pyrrole（吡咯）quaternary structure（四级结构）quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline（喹啉）quinones（醌）racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization（外消旋化）rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni（兰尼镍）reaction mechanism（反应历程）Reimer-Tiemann reaction（瑞穆尔－蒂曼反应）reserpine (利血平)residue（残基）resonance energy（共振能）resonance hybrid（共振杂化体）resonance theory（共振论）resonating structure（共振结构式）resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward（伍德沃德）rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose（核糖）rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide（糖类）Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction（桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应）Sandmeyer reaction（桑得迈尔反应）saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent（沙瑞特试剂）Sawhares projection（萨哈斯投影式）sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure（二级结构）securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine（丝氨酸）sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction（σ键迁移反应）silane（硅烷）single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)（亲核取代）S N1（单分子亲核取代反应）S N2 （双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon（螺环烃）squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch（淀粉）stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer（立体异构）stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement（史蒂文斯重排）stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose（蔗糖）sulfonation（磺化反应）systematic nomenclature（系统命名法）taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer（互变异构体）tautomerism（互变异构现象）taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols（茶多酚）Teflon （泰氟隆）terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure（三级结构）testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane（四甲基硅烷）tetraterpenoid（四萜类）thiazole（噻唑）thiophene（噻吩）threonine（苏氨酸）torsional energy（扭转能）torsional strain（扭转张力）transition sate（过渡态）triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium（三甲基铝）triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan（色氨酸）tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine（酪氨酸）uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine（乌洛托品）valence bond method（价键学说）valine（缬氨酸）visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy（可见－紫外光谱）vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12（维生素B12）Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis（威廉森合成法）Wittig reaction（维蒂希反应）zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen（Z，德文，在一起之意）中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶（acridine）埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应（benzoic condensation reaction）氨基酸（amino acid）β-氨基丁酸（β-aminobutyric acid）氨解(ammonolysis)胺（amines）azulene）2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳（Baeyer）佰赛儒（M. Besthelot）半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸（cysteine）半乳糖（galactose）包含物（inclusion compound）苯丙氨酸（phenylalanine）苯（benzene）苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑（benzimidazole）苯并噻唑（benzothiazole）倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）变性（denature）变旋光现象（mutarotation）表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸（alanine）丙氨酸乙硫酯（ethyl alanine sulfide）丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史（Berzelius）柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)（±）—薄荷醇(（±）—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫（Bytrepob）布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基（residue）草酸（oxalic acid）超共轭效应（hyperconjugation effect）差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚（tea polyphenols）β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法（precipitation）橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃（polynuclear aromatic compound）稠环碳架（fused ring carbon constitution）醇钠（sodium alcohols）醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描（magnetic field scan）β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法（extraction）DDQ(2,3－二氯－5,6－氰基－1,4－苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪（pyridazine）单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖（monosaccharide）单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸（methionine）蛋白质（protein）胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点（isoelectric point ,PI）迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯－阿尔德（Diels-Alher）电场扫描（electric field scan）电性效应（electromeric effect）电荷转移络合物（charge-transfer complex）碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉（starch）敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶（pteridine）丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则（orientationg rule）动力学概念（dynamical concept）豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应（end－group effect）对映异构（enantiomerism）对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon）多糖（polysaccharide）多肽（polypeptide）多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E（entgegen，德文，相反之意）EAN规则（EAN rule）莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑（oxazole）蒽（anthracene）蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃（diene）二氯卡宾（dichlorocarbene）二甲亚砜（dimethyl sulfoxide）二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构（secondary structure）二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物（antiaromatic compound）反应历程（reaction mechanism）反应热（heat of reaction）芳香烃（aromatic hydrocarbon）芳香性（aromaticity）芳香性化合物（aromatic compound）芳构化（aromatization）放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物（nonaromatic compound）非离子表面活性剂（nonionic）非对映体（diasteroisomer）非质子性溶剂（nonprotonic solvent ）非苯芳烃（nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon）菲（phenanthrene）斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔（E.Fischer）费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道（molecular orbital）分子轨道对称性守恒理论（conservation of orbital symmetry theory）分子轨道理论（molecular orbital theory）酚苄明（Phenoxybenzamine）芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明（fenfluramine）粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸（flufenamic Acid）福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应（Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction）傅瑞斯重排（K.fries rearrangement）傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应（Friedel-Crafts reaction）辅酶Q10（coenzyme Q10）呋喃（furan）盖布瑞尔合成法（Gabreil reaction）盖特曼－科希（Gattermann-Koch）反应甘露糖（mannose）甘氨酸（glycine）甘油（glycerol）甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃（isolated diene）格林那试剂（Grignard reagent）哥美林（Gmelin）共振能（resonance energy）共振论（resonance theory）共振杂化体（resonance hybrid）共振结构式（resonating structure）共轭效应（conjugative effect）共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃（conjugated diene）构象（conformation）构象异构（conformational isomerism）构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸（glutamic acid）谷酰胺（glutamine）古柏尔（A. Couper）古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖（oligasaccharide）冠醚（crown ether）光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷（silane）硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态（transition state）果糖（fructose）哈沃斯（Haworth）海藻糖（fucose）核磁共振谱（nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy）核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖（ribose）(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱（infrared spectroscopy）互变异构现象（tautomerism）互变异构体（tautomer）胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键（chemical bond）花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃（cyclic hydrocarbon）环氧化反应（epoxidation）环加成反应（cycloaddition recation）环状碳架（cyclic carbon constitution）环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精（cyclodextrin）α,β－环氧酸酯(α,β－cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应（sulfonation）活化能（energy of activation）霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应（Hoffmann degradation）霍夫曼消除（Hoffmann elimination）霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应（Hoffmann exhaustive methylation）几何异构体（geometricalisomer）己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂（lithium methlde）甲壳质（chitin）价键学说（valence bond method）假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键（σbond）σ键迁移反应（sigmatropic reaction）π键（πbond）碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物（metalloorganic compound）金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁（cinchonine）金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸（arginine）竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物（polymer）聚合反应（polyreaction）聚集二烯烃（cumulative diene）锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾（碳烯）（Carbene）开息纳尔－武尔夫（Kishner-Wolff）－黄鸣龙法凯库勒（A. Kekule）康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝（H. Kolbe）科瑞—郝思反应（E.J.Cory—H.House reaction）可的松(cortisone)可见－紫外光谱（visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy）克莱森－斯密特（Claisen-Schmidt）反应克脑文盖尔（Knoevenagel）反应克莱门森（Clemmensen）还原反应克莱森重排（Claisen rearrangement）克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应（Kolbe-schmidt reaction）柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺（chitosamine）苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应（Kutchcrov reaction）奎宁(quinine)喹啉（quinoline）醌（quinones）醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸（lysine）兰尼镍（Raney Ni）莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构（stereoisomer）离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子（delocalized electron）离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段（chain initiation step）链增长阶段（chain propagation step）链终止阶段（chain termination step）链状碳架（chain carbon constitution）亮氨酸（leucine）林德拉（Lindlar）膦叶立德（phosphorus ylide）膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应（halogenation）卤仿（haloform）卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂（Lucas reagent）芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α－卵磷脂(α－lecithine )轮烯（annulene）酪氨酸（tyrosine）罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃（spiro hydrocarbon）氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫（Markovnikov）规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂（Mclafferty）麦芽糖（maltose）麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希（Mannich）反应梅尔外英－彭多夫（Meerwein-Poundorf）还原反应酶（enzyme）没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶（pyrimidine）咪唑（imidazole）那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘（naphthalene）脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体（meso－form）尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤（guanine）尿嘧啶（uracil）柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式（Newmans projection formular）扭转能（torsional energy）扭转张力（torsional strain）欧芬脑尔氧化反应（Oppenaner oxidizing reaction）偶氮基(azo)偶合（偶联）反应(coupling reaction）偶合组分（或偶合剂）（coupling agent ）偶极-离子键（dipolar-ionic bond ）蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应（hydroboration））硼氢化钠（NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯（pyrrole）吡喃（pyran）吡嗪（pyrazine）吡唑（pyrazole）吡啶（pyridine）嘌呤（purine）频哪醇（pinacol）平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键，equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖（glucose）歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital）理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β－羟基醛(β－hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃（bridged hydrocarbon）鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂（electrophile）亲电加成反应（electrophilic addition）亲电取代（electrophilic substitution）亲核试剂（nucleophilic reagent）亲核加成反应（nucleophilic addition）亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体（dienophile）芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热（heat of hydrogenation）氢甲酰化法（hydroformylation）氢键（hydrogen bond）清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂（Jones reagent）炔烃（alkyne）热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖（lactose）瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应（Reamer-Timann reaction）萨哈斯投影式（Sawhares projection）噻吩（thiophene）噻唑（thiazole）三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝（trimethyl aluminium）三级结构（tertiary structure）三线态（triplet state）三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate）桑得迈尔反应（Sandmeyer reaction）桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应（Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction）色氨酸（tryptophan）色谱法（chromatography）沙瑞特试剂（Sarrett reagent）鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化（biological methylate）18电子规则（18- electron rule）史蒂文斯重排（Stevens rearrangement）石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体（diene）顺反异构（cistrans isomerism）顺反异构体（cis-trans isomer）四氢巴马汀（tetrahydropalmatine）四级结构（quaternary structure）四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷（tetramethylsilane）丝氨酸（serine）松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸（threonine）酸败（rancidity ）缩醛（acetal）缩二脲反应（biuret reaction）肽（peptide）肽键（peptide bond）碳水化合物（carbohydrate）碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类（saccharide）糖苷（glycoside）糖原（glycogen）天冬氨酸（aspartic acid）天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列（homologous series）同系物（homolog）同分异构体（isomer）酮(ketone)透析法（permeation）1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化（racemization）烷烃（alkane）维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12（vitamin B12）维生素K1、K2（vitamin K1、K2）维蒂希反应（Wittig reaction）伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法（Williamson synthesis）武勒（F. Wohler）无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德（R.B.Woodward）武兹反应（A.Wurtz reaction）烯烃（alkene）系统命名法（systematic nomenclature）西佛碱（Schiff ’s base）希夫（schiff）试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱（schiff base）希曼反应（G.Schiemann reaction）纤维二糖（cellobiose）纤维素（cellulose）腺嘌呤（adenine）硝化反应（nitration）消除反应（elimination reaction）小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物（nitro compounds）协同反应（concerted reaction）缬氨酸（valine）（±）—新薄荷醇[（±）—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应（Hinsberg reaction）胸腺嘧啶（thymine）12-15休克尔规则（Hückel rule）比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素（haemachrome）亚硝酸（nitrous acid）烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐（oxonium salt）氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态（oxidation state）氧化值（oxidation number）阳离子表面活性剂（cationic surface active agent）叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素（chlorophyll）一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构（primary structure）乙硼烷（diborane）1－乙炔基环戊醇（1－ethynyl cyclopentanol ）乙二胺（ethylene diamine）乙烯酮（ethenone ;ketene ）乙酸（acetic acid）乙二酸（ethanedioic acid ）异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸（isoleucine）异头物（anomer）异头效应（anomeric effect）异噁唑（isoxazole）异噻唑（isothiazole）异腈（胩）（isonitrile）异喹啉（isoquinoline）胰岛素（insulin）阴离子表面活性剂（anionic surface active agent）茚三酮（ninhydrin ）吲哚（indole）罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂（axunge；grease；lipin；）有效原子序数（effective atomic number）有机金属化合物（organometallic compound）有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应（inductive effect）羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道（atomic orbital）Z（Zusammen，德文，在一起之意）杂化轨道（hybrid orbital）杂环碳架（heterocycle carbon constitution）甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖（sucrose）-折叠（beta-pleated sheet）蒸馏法（distillation）质谱（mass spectroscopy）质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon；cycloalkane）直立键（a键，axial bond）重氮化反应（diazotization reaction）重氮盐（diazonium salt）重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应（pericyclic reaction）转化糖（invert sugar）自由基（free radical）自由基链反应（free radical chain reaction）β－紫罗兰酮(β－ionone )组氨酸（histidine）。

北京石油化工设计院体系文件管道专业常用的英文及缩写词BPDI BE321321-05l 范围本文件规定了管道专业在设计文件上常用的英文及缩写词,在设计文件中使用的其它专业缩写词应按相关专业的规定执行。

本文件适用于管道专业的设计工作。

2 说明本文件编制目的是为了统一用词和词的缩写,使设计文件的用词统一、规范并推荐在图纸上采用英文缩写词,尽量减少使用汉字,以利于国际交流。

文字说明和资料翻译时,应使用本规定的英汉对照词。

3 按中文分类排列汉语词英语词英语缩写3.1 阀门类3.1.1常用阀闸阀截止阀(球心阀)节流阀针型阀角阀(角式截止阀) Y型阀(Y型截止阀) 球阀三通球阀蝶阀柱塞阀旋塞阀三通旋塞阀四通旋塞阀旋塞隔膜阀夹紧式胶管阀止回阀Gate valveGlobe valveThrottle valveNeedle valveAngle valveY-valve(Y-boby globe valve)Ball valve3-Way ball valveButterfly valvePiston type valvePlug valve3-Way ball valve4-Way ball valveCockDiaphragm valvePinch valveCheck valveTRV汉语词英语词英语缩写北京石油化工设计院2005—7—26批准2005—8—15实施3.1.2其它阀安全泄汽阀(安全阀) 安全泄液阀(卸荷阀) 安全泄压阀罐底排污阀波纹管密封阀电磁阀电动阀气动阀低温用阀蒸汽疏水阀呼吸阀减压阀控制阀调节阀3.1.3不表明结构的阀切断阀手动控制阀调节阀快开阀隔断阀三通阀夹套阀排污阀排液阀放空阀卸载阀排出阀吸入阀多路阀取样阀手动阀旁路阀冲洗阀根部阀底阀3.2 管子与连接3.2.1管子管子(标准规格)管子(非标规格)钢管铸铁管衬里管复合管(包复金属管) Safety valveRelief valveSafety relief valveFlush-bottom tank valveBellow sealed valveSolenoid valveElectrically operated valvePneumatic operated valveCryogenic service valveSteam trapBreather valveReducing valveControl valveBlock valve, Shut-off valve ,Stop valveHand control valveRegulating valveQuick opening valveIsolating valve3-Way valveJacketed valveBlow down valveDrain valveVent valveUnloading valveDischarge valveSuction valveMultiport valveSampling valveHand operated valve, Manually operated valveBy-pass valveFlush valveRoot valve, Primary valve, Header valveFoot valvePipeTubeSteel pipeCast iron pipeLined cining pipeClad pipeSVTRVHCVVTV汉语词英语词英语缩写碳钢管合金钢管不锈钢管奥氏体不锈钢管铁素体合金钢管]无缝钢管焊接钢管镀锌钢管水煤气钢管塑料管玻璃管橡胶管壁厚系列号(管子表号) 壁厚3.2.2管子零件弯头异径弯头长半径弯头短半径弯头180°弯头(回弯头) 三通(T型三通)异径三通等径三通45°三通正三通(Y型三通)四通(十字通)异径管(大小头)同心异径管偏心异径管支管连接支管台(凹台)活接头管接头(管箍)管帽短节(短管)管堵(丝堵)焊接管帽盲板,管道盲板8字盲板特殊管件3.2.3连接对焊的法兰的Carbon steel pipeAlloy steel pipeStainless steel valveAustenitic stainless steel pipeFerric alloy steel pipeSeamless steel pipeWelded steel pipeWater gas steel pipeGalvanized steel pipePlastic pipeGlass tubeRubber tubeSchedule numberWall thicknessElbowReducing elbowLong radius elbowShort radius elbowReturn elbowTeeReducing teeStraight tee45°LateralTrue “Y”CrossReducerConcentric reducerEccentric reducerBranch connectionBossUnionCouling, Full couplingCapNipplePlugWelded capBlank, Blind, Line blankSpectacle blankSpecial pipe fittingsButt weldedFlangedSch.NoW.TLRESREREDCONECCCNIPPLGWCL.BS.PBWFLGD汉语词英语词英语缩写螺纹的承插焊的承插的对焊连接法兰连接螺纹连接管螺纹连接承插焊连接承插连接,套筒连接整体法兰螺纹法兰承插焊法兰松套法兰对焊法兰平焊法兰板式平焊法兰松套板式法兰滑套法兰(平焊法兰)法兰盖孔板法兰异径法兰螺栓圆直径法兰面光面,光滑面突面凹凸面凸面凹面榫槽面榫面槽面环连接面,梯型槽密封面全平面,满平面光滑突面螺栓热紧螺栓冷紧螺纹管帽螺纹焊管座承插焊管帽承插焊管座垫片非金属包覆垫片ThreadedSocket weldedBelledButt welded jointFlanged jointThreaded jointPipe threaded jointSocket welding flangeBell and spigot jointIntegral pipe flangeThreaded flangeSocket welding flangeLap joint flangeWeld neck flangeSlip on flange, Slip on weld flangeWelding plate flangeLoose plate flangeSlip-on-welding flangeBlind flange, BlindOrifice flangeReducing flangeBolt circle diameterFlange facing, facing of flangePlain faceRaised faceMale-female(Seal contact)faceMale faceFemale faceTongue groove faceTongue faceGroove faceRing joint faceFlat face, Full faceSmooth raised faceBolt hot tighteningBolt cold tighteningThread capThread letSocket welded capSocket welded letGasketNon-metallic jacked gasketTHDSWBWTSWTHDFLJFWNFBCDFOFPFRFMFMMFFMFTGFTFGFRJFFFSRFTHDCTHLETSWCSWLET汉语词英语词英语缩写金属包覆垫片缠绕式垫片内环外环金属垫片3.3 管道附件3.3.1组件气液分离器阻火器临时粗滤器永久粗滤器(固定粗滤器) Y型粗滤器T型粗滤器网状粗滤器粗滤器过滤器永久过滤器消音器(消声器)视镜浮球式视镜全视镜取样冷却器喷嘴,喷头喷射器洗眼器膨胀器(伸缩接头)波纹膨胀节球型补偿器填函式补偿器安全淋浴器3.3.2元件排液漏斗漏斗爆破板限流孔板混合孔板软管接头金属软管橡胶管挠性管(柔性管)快速接头旋转接头Metallic jacket gasketSpiral wound gasketInner ringOuter ringMetallic gasketGas-liquid separationFlame arrested(Flame trap)Temporary strainetPermanent strainetY-type strainerT-type strainerGauge strainerStrainerFilterPermanent filterSilencerSight glass(Sight flow glass)Floating ball sight flow indicatorFull view sigh flow indicatorSample coolerSpray nozzleEjectorEye washerExpansion jointBellow expansion jointBall type expansion jointSlip type(packed type)expansion jointSafety showerDrain funnelFunnelRupture diskRestriction orificeMixing orificeHose connectionMetal hoseRubber hoseFlexible hoseQuick couplingSwivel jointE.WS.SRPROHC汉语词英语词英语缩写减压器3.4材料3.4.1 金属材料碳钢合金钢合金结构钢工具钢不锈钢奥氏体不锈钢马氏体不锈钢锻钢铸钢铸铁灰铸铁可锻铸铁球墨铸铁高硅铸铁铝铜黄铜铝镁合金蒙乃尔合金(镍铜合金)钛铅型钢角钢槽钢工字钢(工字梁)宽翼线工字钢(H钢)T字钢方钢扁钢园钢钢带钢板网纹钢板3.4.2非金属材料塑料丙烯晴、丁二烯、苯乙烯橡胶聚乙烯聚氯乙烯ReducerCarbon steelAlloy steelStructural alloy steelTool steelStainless steelAustenitic stainless steelMartensitic stainless steelForged steelCast steelCast ironGrey cast ironMalleable ironNodular cast iron, Nodular cast graphite ironHigh silicon cast ironAluminumCopperBrassAluminum magnesiumMonelTitaniumLeadShaped steelAngle steelChannelI—BeamWide flanged beamT—BarSquare BarFlat BarRound steel, rodStrap steelPlateCheckered platePlasticAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubberPolyethylenePloy vinyl chlorideREDC.SS.SC.IM.IABSPEPVC汉语词英语词英语缩写氯化聚氯乙烯聚丙烯聚苯乙烯氯化聚醚聚碳酸酯有机玻璃聚四氟乙烯碳纤维聚三氟氯乙烯氯化聚乙烯氯磺化聚乙烯环氧树脂泡沫聚苯乙烯玻璃纤维增强聚酯丁腈橡胶氯丁橡胶天然橡胶丁基橡胶丁苯橡胶顺丁橡胶不饱和聚酯聚氨酯耐火砖陶瓷搪瓷石棉3.5 设备安装3.5.1布置装置边界边界内边界外中心线接续线设备布置标高,高程,立面图绝对标高坐标坐标原点装置北真实北方位危险区Chlorinated ploy vinyl chloridePoly propylenePolystyreneChlorinated polyetherPolycarbonatePoly methyl methacrylatePolytetrafluoroethleneCarbon fiberPoly chlorotrifluoroethyleneChlorinated poly ethyleneChlorosulfonated polyethyleneEpoxy resinExpanded poly styreneGlass fiber reinforced polyesterNitride butadiene rubberNeoprene rubberNatural rubberButyl rubberStyrene-Butadiene rubberCis-polybutadiene rubberUnsaturated polyesterPolyurethaneFire brickCeramicPorcelain enamelAsbestBattery limitInside battery limitOutside battery limitCenter lineMatch lineEquipment arrangement; Equipment layout; Plot PlanElevationAbsolute elevationCoordinateOrigin of coordinatePlant northtrue northOrientationHazardous areaCPVCPPPSCPEPCPMMAPTFECARPCTFECPE;CMCSM;CSPREPEPSFRPNBRNRPIBISBRCBRUPPUB.LL.S.B.LO.S.B.LM.LELTN汉语词英语词英语缩写铺砌区非铺砌区楼面地面标高平台场地管廊电缆槽(架) 建筑物钢结构基础柱梁桁架墙篦子板吊装孔吊梁架顶面钢结构顶面混凝土顶面梁顶面板表面吊勾顶面,上面底面,底下支撑点固定点建筑北设计北电缆沟管沟明沟明火地点散发火花地点防火间距支架间距地面坡度吊装孔道路地面内径外径汉语词Paving areaUnpaving areaFloorGround levelPlatformYardPipe rackCable tray(channel)BuildingSteel structureFoundationColun ; Post; StanchionBeamGirderWallGrate; GratingErection openingHoisting beamTop of supportTop of steelTop of concreteTop of BeamPlat faceHookTopBottomPoint of supportFixed pointConstruction northDesign northElectric cable duct; Electrical trenchPipe trenchOpen trenchOpen fire placeSend-out spark placeFire protection spacingSupport spacingGround gradeErection openingRoadGround; Ground levelInside DiameterOutside Diameter英语词GLPFHBTOSTOSTOCTOBPLATFTOPBOTPOSFPDNGRDIDOD英语缩写公称直径公称压力切线中心线门窗地下底板底面控置室分析室配电室变压器室通风室更衣室贮藏室维修室盥洗室,厕所办工室门卫室,传达室接待室,会客室地秤室泵房压缩机室电池室消防栓电气盘仪表盘就地盘3.5.2设备塔洗涤塔吸收塔冷却塔精馏塔换热器空冷器水冷却器冷却器螺旋板换热器套管换热器石墨换热器板片换热器汉语词Nominal diameter; Nominal(pipe)sizeNominal pressureTangent lineCenter lineGateWindowUnder groundBottom of base plateControl roomAnalyzerSubstationTransformer roomVentilation roomLocker roomStorage roomMaintenance roomCloste ; Toilet; WashroomOfficeEntrance guard room; Janito r′s roomReception roomWeigh-bridge roomPump house; Pump roomCompressor house(room)Battery roomFire plugElectrical panelInstrument panelLocal panelTower; ColumnScrubberAbsorberCooling towerFractionating towerHeat exchangerAir coolerWater coolerCondenserSpiral plate exchangerDouble pipe heat exchangerGraphite heat exchangerPlate type heat exchanger英语词DNPNTLUGBBPW.CFPL英语缩写板翅式换热器板式塔填料塔浮阀塔反应器贮罐缓冲器混合罐浮顶罐内浮顶罐固定顶罐卧式储罐球罐罐,鼓,筒,桶气柜螺旋式气柜湿式气柜干式气柜离心泵涡轮泵旋涡泵转子泵齿轮泵内啮合齿轮泵螺杆泵柱塞泵双作用往复泵计量泵,定量泵泥浆泵管道泵手摇泵深井泵输送泵屏蔽泵液下泵潜水泵多级泵立式泵磁力泵气动泵轴流泵混流泵Plate-fin heat exchangerPlate towerFloating distillation towerValve towerReactorTankKnock-out drumMixing tank(drum)Floating roof tank; Pontoon roof tankFloating internal roof tankStationary roof tankHorizontal tankSpheroid; Spherical tankDrumGas holderHelical gas-holderWet gas holderDry gas-holderCentrifugal pumpTurbine pumpV ortex pumpRotary pumpGear pumpInternal gear rotary pump; Crescen gear pump Screw pumpPlunger pumpDouble action reciprocating pumpMetering pumpSlurry pump; Sludge pump; Mud pumpInline pumpHand pump; Wobble pumpDeep well pumpTransfer pump; Delivery pumpShielding can-type pump; Canned pump Submerged pump; Submersible pumpSubmerged pump; Immersible pumpStage pump;, Multistage pumpVertical pump;Magnetic transmission pump; Magnetic coupled pump Pneumatic pumpAxial flow pumpMixed flow pump汉语词英语词英语缩写陶瓷泵陶制泵自吸泵消防泵真空泵叶片式真空泵水环式真空泵(压缩机) 液环泵(压缩机)活塞式压缩机螺杆压缩机离心压缩机多级压缩机往复式压缩机风机,风扇鼓风机离心机离心分离机离心过滤机压滤机板框式压滤机厢式压滤机带式过滤机转鼓式过滤机盘式过滤机板式塔填料塔浮阀塔带式(皮带)运输机螺旋输送机加热器搅拌器炉子烟囱火炬锅炉发电机汽轮机电动机起重机,吊车板式起重机Ceramic pumpStoneware pumpSelf suction pump; self priming pumpFire pumpVacuum pumpVane vacuum pumpWater ring vacuum pump(compressor)Liquid ring pump(compressor)Piston compressorHelical screw compressorCentrifugal compressorMultiple stages compressorReciprocating compressorFan; VanBlowerCentrifugerCentrifugal separatorCentrifugal filterPressure filterPlate and frame filter pressBox type filer pressBelt filterRotating drum type filterTray filterPlate towerPack tower; Packed columnValve tower; Floating distillation towerRibbon conveyer; Belt conveyerScrew convery ; Spirla conveyer; Worm conveyerHeaterAgitatorFurnaceStackFlareBoilerGeneratorSteam turbineMotorGraneBridge crane汉语词英语词英语缩写吊车梁电动葫芦成套设备附属设备,附件干燥器混合器蒸发器萃取器结晶器澄清器喷射器喷头分离器旋风分离器,旋风除尘器布袋收尘器电除尘器除尘器,吸尘器振动筛破碎机颚式破碎机粉碎机,磨碎机提升机,卷扬机斗式提升机电梯泡沫站软管站3.6 管道布置3.6.1设计文件管道布置管道布置平面管道研究“X”视图“A-A”视图详图轴测图,空视图索引图接续图管道及仪表流程图工艺控制图工艺流程图汉语词Crane beam; Hoist beamMotor hoist; Electric hoist; Electric blockPackage unitAttachment equipmentDryerMixerEvaporatorExtractorCrystalligerGravity settlerEjectorSprayerSeparatorCyclone; Cyclone separator deviceCloth envelop collectionElectrostatic precipitator; Electridust precipitatorDuster; Dust arresterVibrating screen; Riddler; Oscillating sieveBreaker; Cracker mill; Crusher; Crushing millJaw breaker ;Jaw crusher; AlligatorGrinder; Pulverizer; Disintegrator; AtomizerHoister; Lifter; Gig; ElevatorBucket elevatorElectrical lift; ElevatorFoam stationHose stationDesign documentPiping assembly; Piping layoutPiping arrangement planPiping studyView“x”Section“A-A”Detail drawingIsometric drawingKey planContinue on drawingPiping and Instrument diagramProcess control diagramProcess flow diagram英语词H.SPAPCODP&ID英语缩写公用工程流程图总图总平面布置图放大图节点地上地下地面附图草图图例符号比例蒸汽伴管热水伴管电伴热夹套管高压中压低压大气，大气压工作压力，操作压力设计压力工作温度，操作温度设计温度管口取样接口清除口，清洗口排出口出口入口连接，接头管口方位排液放空污水坑，污水池地坑，井地漏下水管人孔手孔关闭后加铅封（封关）开启后加铅封（封开）汉语词Utility flow diagramGenera planGeneral arrangement planEnlarged viewNodeAbove groundUnder groundGroundFigueSketchLegendSymbolScaleSteam tracingHot—water tracingElectrical tracingJacketed tracingHigh pressureMedium pressureLow pressureAtmosphereOperating pressure; Working pressureDesign pressureOperating temperatureDesign temperatureNozzleSampling connectionClean outExhaustOutlet; DischargeInlet; suctionConnectionNozzle orientationDrainVentSump pitPitFloor drainSewerManholeHandholeCar seal closeCar seal open英语词UFDAGUGGRDH.P.M.P.L.P.ATMS.CC.ODISCHINLETVENTF.DM.HH.HC.S.CC.S.O英语缩写关闭后加锁（锁关）开启后加锁（锁开）正常时关闭正常时开启故障时关闭故障时开启垂直，正交平行管顶管底管内底底平顶平水平的，卧式的立式的，垂直的水平安装垂直安装管件直连管间距管道跨距管道等级管道材料规定等级分界隔热分界管道附件管道元件面至面中心至面中心至中心中心至端面坡度公称直径公称压力外径内径螺栓圆直径软管接头管段，短管可拆短管直管弯管管内底标高汉语词Locked closedLocked openNormally closedNormally openValve closes on failure of actuating energyValve opens on failure of actuating energyPerpendicularParallelTop of pipeBottom of pipeInvert, Inside bottom of pipeFlat on bottomFlat on topHorizontalVerticalHorizontal installationVertical installationFitting to fittingLine spacingLine spanPiping classPiping material specificationMaterial Specification breakInsulation breakPiping attachmentPiping elementFace to FaceCenter to FaceCenter to CenterCenter to EndSlope; GradeNominal DiameterNominal pressureOutside DiameterInside DiameterBolt circleHose connectionSpool piece; SpoolRemovable joint spoolRun pipe; Straight pipeBendInvert elevation英语词L.CL.ON.CN.OFCFOTOPBOPINVFOBFOTHORVERTFTFF-FC-FC-CC-EDNPNODIDB.CHCRSPIE英语缩写不许出现袋形孔板孔，洞开孔低点标高低点高点平台袋形管外壳3.6.2 管道安装管托管卡管架支耳U型卡带状卡托座吊耳导向板,夹板底板顶板予埋件支承环加强板垫片(垫平用)锚固件预焊件(设备上) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板连接板连接杆限制杆鞍座裙座支承架滑动架固定架导向架吊架弹簧架弹簧托汉语词Not allow pocketOrifice plateHoleCaving holeLow point elevationLow pointHigh pointPlatform; Flat; Floor; Surface plateBag-Shape pipe(outside)Shell; Case(shell);Casing; CoverShoeClampPiping supportLugCleviceStrap clampStoolEarCleatBase plateTop plateEmbedded part; Inserted plateRingStiffenerShimClipClip(on equipment)PTFE sliding plateTie plateTie rodLimit rodSaddleSkirtResting supportSliding supportAnchorGuideHangerSpring supportResting type spring support英语词NO.PC.HLP.LELPHPPF英语缩写弹簧吊架恒力吊架滚动支架减振器悬臂架三角架支腿N型管架L型管架柱式管架墙架管墩,低管架特殊管架(予埋螺栓)伸出长度对中心,找正跨度力矩弯矩扭矩荷载反力位移角位移冷紧,冷位约束固定点应力惯性矩断面系数安全系数3.6.3 焊接与热处理电弧焊电熔焊气熔焊电阻焊气焊等离子焊电渣焊焊条焊丝平焊角焊间断焊汉语词Spring hangerConstant hangerRolling hangerSnubberCantilever supportTriangular supportLegn-type supportL-type supportPole type supportSupport on wallSleeperSpecial supportExtrusionAlignmentSpanMomentBending momentTorqueLoadReactionDisplacementAngular rotationCold springRestraintFix point; Anchor pointStressMoment of inertiaSection modulesSafety factorArc weldingElectric fusion weldingFusion gas weldingElectric resistance weldingGas welding; flame weldingPlasma weldingElectroslag weldingWelding electrode(rod)Welding wireFlat weldingFillet weldingIntermittent welding英语词EFWFGWERW英语缩写点焊对焊搭焊现场焊工厂(车间)焊接坡口无损检验肉眼检验,外观检验超声波控伤磁粉探伤荧光渗透试验水压试验气压试验退火回火正火淬火调质高频淬火渗氮渗碳3.6.4 隔热及涂漆玻璃棉岩棉泡沫玻璃硅酸钙硅酸铝纤维珍珠岩泡沫混凝土蛭石矿渣棉硅藻土石棉板石棉布聚氨酯泡沫聚苯乙烯玻璃布沥青油毡镀锌铁丝镀锌铁丝网管壳毡(被)汉语词Spot weldingButt weldingLap weldingField weldShop weldGrooveNon-Destruction testingVisual testingUltrasonic testMagnetic particle testFluorescent penetrate inspectionHydraulic testingPneumatic testingAnnealingTemperingNormalizingQuenchingQuenching and temperingInduction hardeningNitrogen case-hardeningCarbonizationGlass woolRock woolFoam glass; Cellular glassCalcium silicateAluminosilicace fiberPerliteFoamed concrete; Cellular concreteVermiculiteMineral woolKieselguhr; DiatomiteAsbestos boardAsbestos clothPolyurethaneCellular polystyreneGlass(fiber)clothAsphaltAsphalt feltGalvanized wireGalvanized wire meshShellBlanket英语词F.W英语缩写镀锌铁皮铝板隔热,隔离,绝缘保温保冷人身保护隔音吸声导热系数支承环分贝涂漆底漆面漆防锈漆醇酸瓷漆酚醛漆沥青漆聚氨酯漆有机硅漆环氧树脂漆过氯乙烯漆无机富锌漆3.6.5 紧固件螺栓六角头螺栓方头螺栓双头螺栓环头螺栓沉头螺栓地脚螺栓松紧节,花兰螺栓U型螺栓T型螺栓自攻螺钉膨胀螺栓六角螺母方螺母蝶形螺母锁紧螺母垫圈方垫圈斜垫圈汉语词Galvanized(sheet)ironAluminum sheetInsulationHot instructionCold instructionPersonal protectionSound insulationSound-absorbingThermal conductivity factorSupport ringDecibelPaintingPrimary coat; Bottom coatFinishing coatAntirust paintAlkyd enamelPhenolic paintBituminous paintPolyurethane paintOrganic silicon paintEpoxy resin paintEthylene perchloride paintInorganic zinc-rich paintBoltHexagonal head boltSquare head boltStud boltEye boltCountersunk(head)screwAnchor bolt; Foundation boltTurnbuckleU-boltT-boltSelf tapping screwExpansion boltHexagonal nutSquare washerWing nutLock nutWasherSquare WasherSlant Washer英语词INS英语缩写弹簧垫圈开口销定位销铆钉右螺纹管螺纹锥管螺纹直管螺纹美国标准直管螺纹管子内螺纹梯形螺纹公制螺纹粗牙螺纹通长螺纹,全螺纹粗制的精制的3.7 相关词语基础设计详细设计规划布置阶段初步阶段分析设计阶段成品设计阶段先期确认图纸资料最终确认图纸资料数据表设计文件设计注释设计规定设计规定汇总表详细设计版用户变更通知命名表,管道表规划研究版设计布置图概略版设备布置图投标版设备布置图合同版设备布置图送审版设备布置图成品版设备布置图施工版设备布置图工作程序界区条件标准汉语词Spring washerCotter pinDowel pinRivetRight hand threadPipe threadTaper pipe threadStraight pipe threadAmerican standard taper pipe threadInternal pipe threadTrapezoid threadMetric threadCoarse threadFull threadCoarseFinished; FineBasic designDetail designPlanning stagePreliminary stageAnalytical Engineering phaseProduction design phaseAdvanced certified finalCertified finalData sheetDesign documentDesign noteDesign specificationDesign specification summary sheetDetail design issueClient change noticeNomenclaturePlanning plot planConceptual plot planProposal plot planAward plot planApproval plot planProduction plot planConstruction plot planWorking procedureBattery limit conditionStandard英语词NPTIPTACFCFSPECDSSSDDICCNSTD;STAND英语缩写参考,基准开工会议项目审核会厂商协调会项目进展情况报告顾客承包安装建设试车说明待定版次修改,修订审核提纲审定校核制图部门部,科,室专业图号项目项目号工厂,装置买方(供货)卖方(供货)制造厂(供货)由仪表(专业负责) 铭牌询价净正吸入压头静电接池分散控制系统附件合同号外汇备忘录公章索赔交货付款摄氏汉语词ReferenceKick-off meetingProject review meetingVender co-ordinative meetingProject status reportClient; CustomerContractorErectionConstructionCommissioningDescriptionHoldIssueRevision; ModifyCheck listApprovedCheckedByDepartmentDivisionDisciplineDrawing numberProjectJob No.PlantBy buyerBy sellerBy venderBy instrumentName plateInquireNet positive suction headStatic groundingDistributed Control SystemsAttachmentContract numberForeign exchangeMemorandumOfficial sealClaim indemnityCash on deliveryCentigrade英语词K.O,MVCMPSRREVAPVDCHKDBYDWG. No.Job. No.B.BB.SB.VB.INSTDCSCont No.C.O.DC英语缩写华氏国际单位制美国材料试验协会阀门及配件制造工业标准化协会(美) 全国消防协会(美)石油管线协会(美)美国国家标准协会(美)美国机械工程师学会国际标准化组织国际电工技术委员会美国石油学会美国自来水厂协会美国仪表学会全国电气制造商协会(美) 日本工业标准加拿大标准协会英国标准德国工业标准FahrenheitSystem InternationalAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsManufacturer s′Standardization Society of ValvAnd Fittings Industry National Fire Protection AssociationAssociation of Oil Pipe LinesAmerican National Standard InstituteAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers InternationalOrganization for Standardization International Electrotechnical CommissionAmerican Petroleum InstituteAmerican Water Works AssociationInstrument Society of AmericanNational Electrical Manufactures Association Japanese Industrial StandardCanadian Standard AssociationBritish StandardDeutsche Industrie NormFSIASTMMSSNFPAAOPLANSIASMEISOIECAPIAWW AISANEMAJISCASBSDIN4 按英文字母排列英语词英语缩写汉语词3-Way ball valve3-Way ball valve3-Way valve4-Way ball valve45°LateralAAbove groundAbsolute elevationAbsorberAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber Advanced certified finalAgitatorAir coolerAlignmentAlkyd enamelAlligatorAlloy steelAlloy steel pipeAluminosilicace fiberAluminum AGABSACF三通球阀三通旋塞阀三通阀四通旋塞阀45°三通地上绝对标高吸收塔丙烯睛·丁二烯:苯乙烯橡胶先期确认图纸资料搅拌器空冷器对中心，找正醇酸瓷漆颚式破碎机合金钢合金钢管硅酸铝纤维铝Aluminum magnesium Aluminum sheetAmerican National Standard Institute American Petroleum InstituteAmerican Society for Testing and Materials American Society of Mechanical Engijeers American standard taper pipe thread American Water Works Association Analytical Engineering phaseAnalyzerAnchorAnchor boitAnch pointAngle steelAngle valveAngular rotationAnnealingAntirust paintApproval plot planApprovedArc weldingAsbestAsbestos boardAsbestos clothAsphaltAsphalt feltAssociation of Oil Pipe Lines AtmosphereAtomizerAttachmentAttachment equipmentAustenitic stainless steelAustenitic stainless steel pipeAward plot planAxial flow pumpBBag-Shape pipeBall type expansion jointBall valveBase plateBasic designBattery limit ANSIAPIASTMASMENPTAWW AAPVDAOPLATMB.L铝镁合金铝板美国国家标准协会（美）美国石油学会美国材料试验协会美国机械工程师学会美国标准直管螺纹美国自来水厂协会分析设计阶段分析室固定架地脚螺栓固定点角钢角阀(角式截止阀)角位移退火防锈漆送审版设备布置图审定电弧焊石棉石棉板石棉布沥青油毡石油管线协会(美)大气,大气压粉碎机,磨碎机附件附属设备,附件奥氏体不锈钢奥氏体不锈钢管合同版设备布置图轴流泵袋形管球型补偿器球阀底板基础设计装置边界Battery limit condition Battery roomBeamBell and spigot joint BelledBellow expansion joint Bellow swaled valve Belt filterBendBending moment Bituminous paintBlankBlanketBlindBlindBlind flangeBlock valveBlow down valve BlowerBoilerBoltBolt circleBolt cold diameter Bolt cold tightening Bolt hot tightening BossBottomBottom coat Bottom of base plate Bottom of pipeBox type filer press Branch connection BrassBreakerBreather valve Bridge crane British Standard Bucket elevator BuildingButt weldedButt welded joint Butt welding Butterfly valve L.BL.BB.CBOTBBPBOPBSBWBW界区条件电池室梁承插连接,套筒连接承插的波纹膨胀节波纹管密封阀带式过滤机弯管弯矩沥青漆盲板,管道盲板毡(被)盲板,管道盲板法兰盖法兰盖切断阀排污阀鼓风机锅炉螺栓螺栓圆直径螺栓圆直径螺栓冷紧螺栓热紧支管台(凹台)底面,底下底漆底板底面管底厢式压滤机支管连接黄铜破碎机呼吸阀板式起重机英国标准斗式提升机建筑物对焊的对焊连接对焊蝶阀Butyl rubberByBy buyerBy instrumentBy sellerBy venderBy-pass valveCCable tray(channel)Calcium silicateCanadian Standard Association Canned pumpCantilever supportCapCar seal closeCar seal openCarbon fiberCarbon pipeCarbon steel CarbonizationCase(shell)Cash on deliveryCasingCast ironCast iron pipeCast steelCaving holeCellular concreteCellular glassCellular polystyreneCenter lineCenter to CenterCenter to EndCenter fo FaceCentigradeCentrifugal compressor Centrifugal filter Centrifugal pump Centrifugal separator CentrifugerCeramic PIBIBYB.BB.INSTB.SB.VCASCC.S.CC.S.OCARC.SC.O.DC.IC.HC-CC-EC-FC丁基橡胶制图买方(供货)由仪表(专业负责)卖方(供货)制造厂(供货)旁路阀电缆槽(架)硅酸钙加拿大标准协会屏蔽泵悬臂架管帽关闭后加铅封(封关)开启后加铅封(封开)碳纤维碳钢管碳钢渗碳外壳交货付款外壳铸铁铸铁管铸钢开孔泡沫混凝土泡沫玻璃泡沫聚苯烯中心线中心至中心中心至端面中心至面摄氏离心压缩机离心过滤机离心泵离心分离机离心机陶瓷。

第 5 页，共 29 页英文简称英文全称中文全称ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物AMMAAcrylonitrile/methylMethacrylate丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物ARP Aromaticpolyester 聚芳香酯AS Acrylonitrile-styrene resin丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASA Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物CA Celluloseacetate 醋酸纤维塑料CAB Celluloseacetate butyrate 醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAP Celluloseacetate propionate醋酸-丙酸纤维素CE Celluloseplastics,general通用纤维素塑料CF Cresol-formaldehyde甲酚-甲醛树脂Carboxymethyl cellulose羧甲基纤维素CN Cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素CP Cellulose propionate丙酸纤维素CPE Chlorinated polyethylene氯化聚乙烯CPVC Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)氯化聚氯乙烯CS Casein酪蛋白CTA Cellulose triacetate三醋酸纤维素EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EP Epoxy, epoxide 环氧树脂EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene 乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPM Ethylene-propylene polymer乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPS Expanded polystyrene发泡聚苯乙烯ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物Ethylene/vinyl acetate 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVAL Ethylene-vinyl alcohol乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene)全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料FF Furan formaldehyde呋喃甲醛HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPS High impact polystyrene高冲聚苯乙烯IPS Impact-resistant polystyrene 耐冲击聚苯乙烯LCP Liquid crystal polymer液晶聚合物LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics低密度聚乙烯塑料LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene线性低密聚乙烯LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene线性中密聚乙烯MBS Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物第 8 页，共 29 页MC MethylcelluloseMDPE Medium-density polyethylene中密聚乙烯MF Melamine-formaldehyde resin密胺-甲醛树脂MPFMelamine/phenol-formaldehyde密胺/酚醛树脂PA Polyamide(nylon)聚酰胺（尼龙）PAA Poly(acrylicacid) 聚丙烯酸PADC Poly(allyldiglycol carbonate)碳酸-二乙二醇酯·烯丙醇酯树脂PAEPolyarylether 聚芳醚PAEKPolyaryletherketone聚芳醚酮PAI Polyamide-imide 聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAK Polyesteralkyd 聚酯树脂PANPolyacrylonitrile聚丙烯腈PARA Polyarylamide 聚芳酰胺PASUPolyarylsulfone聚芳砜PAT Polyarylate聚芳酯第 9 页，共 29 页PAUR Poly(esterurethane)聚酯型聚氨酯PB Polybutene-1聚丁烯-[1]PBA Poly(butylacrylate)聚丙烯酸丁酯PBANPolybutadiene-acrylonitrile聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBSPolybutadiene-styrene聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBTPoly(butyleneterephthalate)聚对苯二酸丁二酯PCPolycarbonate聚碳酸酯PCTFEPolychlorotrifluoroethylene 聚氯三氟乙烯PDAP Poly(diallylphthalate)聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PE Polyethylene聚乙烯PEBA Polyetherblock amide聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBAThermoplasticelastomer polyether聚酯热塑弹性体PEEKPolyetheretherketone聚醚醚酮第 10 页，共 29 页PEIPoly(etherimide)聚醚酰亚胺PEK Polyetherketone 聚醚酮PEOPoly(ethylene oxide)聚环氧乙烷PES Poly(ethersulfone) 聚醚砜PETPoly(ethyleneterephthalate)聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETGPoly(ethyleneterephthalate)glycol二醇类改性PETPEUR Poly(etherurethane)聚醚型聚氨酯PF Phenol-formaldehyde resin酚醛树脂PFAPerfluoro(alkoxyalkane)全氟烷氧基树脂PFF Phenol-furfural resin酚呋喃树脂PI Polyimide聚酰亚胺PIBPolyisobutylene聚异丁烯PISUPolyimidesulfone聚酰亚胺砜PMCAPoly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate)聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯Poly(methyl methacrylate)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMP Poly(4-methylpentene-1)聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMS Poly(alpha-methylstyrene)聚α-甲基苯乙烯POM Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal 聚甲醛PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯PPA Polyphthalamide聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPE Poly(phenylene ether)聚苯醚PPO Poly(phenylene oxide)deprecated聚苯醚PPOX Poly(propylene oxide)聚环氧（丙）烷PPS Poly(phenylene sulfide) 聚苯硫醚PPSU Poly(phenylene sulfone) 聚苯砜PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯PSU Polysulfone 聚砜PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylen e 聚四氟乙烯Polyurethane 聚氨酯PVAC Poly(vinyl acetate) 聚醋酸乙烯PVAL Poly(vinyl alcohol) 聚乙烯醇PVB Poly(vinyl butyral)聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVC Poly(vinyl chloride) 聚氯乙烯PVCA Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate)聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯PVDC Poly(vinylidene chloride)聚（偏二氯乙烯）PVDF Poly(vinylidene fluoride)聚（偏二氟乙烯）PVF Poly(vinyl fluoride) 聚氟乙烯PVFM Poly(vinyl formal)聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVK Polyvinylcarbazole聚乙烯咔唑PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮S/MA Styrene-maleic anhydride plastic苯乙烯-马来酐塑料SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料SB Styrene-butadiene plastic苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料第 13 页，共 29 页Si Siliconeplastics 有机硅塑料SMSStyrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯塑料SP Saturatedpolyester plastic饱和聚酯塑料SRP Styrene-rubber plastics聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料TEEEThermoplasticElastomer,Ether-Ester醚酯型热塑弹性体TEOThermoplasticElastomer,Olefinic聚烯烃热塑弹性体TESThermoplasticElastomer,Styrenic苯乙烯热塑性弹性体TPELThermoplasticelastomer热塑(性)弹性体TPESThermoplasticpolyester 热塑性聚酯TPURThermoplasticpolyurethane热塑性聚氨酯TSUR Thermosetpolyurethane热固聚氨酯第 14 页，共 29 页UF Urea-formaldehyde resin脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE Ultra-high molecular weightPE 超高分子量聚乙烯UP Unsaturatedpolyester 不饱和聚酯VCE Vinylchloride-ethyleneresin 氯乙烯/乙烯树脂VCEV Vinylchloride-ethylene-vinyl氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物VCMA Vinylchloride-methylacrylate氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCMMA Vinylchloride-methylmethacrylate氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCOA Vinylchloride-octyl acrylateresin氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂VCVAC Vinylchloride-vinyl acetateresin氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂VCVDC Vinylchloride-vinylidenechloride氯乙烯/偏氯第 15 页，共 29 页氯化聚醚氯化聚醚Chlorinated Polyethers PENTON(CPT)代替不锈钢,氯塑料等材料聚苯醚聚苯醚poly(phenylene oxide)PPO 较高温度下工作的齿轮,轴承,化工设备及零部件聚芳脂聚芳脂PAR汽车电器,医疗器械聚苯硫醚聚苯硫醚poly(phenylene sulfone)PPS 耐热性优良,电器零件,汽车零件,化学设备聚醚砜聚醚砜PES电器开关,插座,齿轮聚甲基戊烯-1聚甲基戊烯-1TPX一次性注射器,奶瓶,汽车灯罩酚醛塑料电木粉苯酚-甲醛树脂Phenol-Formaldehyde PF 无声齿轮,轴承,钢盔,电机,通讯器材配件等氨基塑料电玉尿素脲-甲醛树脂Urea-Formaldehyde UF生活用品,电机壳,木材粘接剂等科学瓷,美腊密三聚氰氨甲醛树脂Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin MF食品,日用品,开关零件等苯氨-甲醛树脂Aniline-Formaldehyde Resin AF环氧树脂冷凝胶环氧树脂Epoxide Resin EP汽车拖拉机零件,船身涂料聚酰亚胺聚酰亚胺Polyimides PI太空,电子,飞机零件,汽车零件类别俗称中文学名英文学名英文简称主要用途聚甲醛赛钢聚甲醛Polyoxymethylene(Polyformaldehyde)POM耐磨性好,可以作机械的齿轮,轴承等纤维素类赛璐璐硝酸纤维素Cellulose Nitrate CN眼镜架,玩具等酸性胶醋酸纤维素Cellulose Acetate CA家用器具,工具手柄,容器等乙基纤维素Ethyl Cellulose EC工具手柄,体育用品等饱和聚脂涤纶(的确凉)聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂Poly(Ethylene Terephthalare)PET轴承,链条,齿轮,录音带等聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇脂Poly(Butylene Terephthalare)PBT聚氯乙烯类PVC聚氯乙烯Poly(Vinyl Chloride)PVC 制造棒,管,板材,输油管,电线绝缘层,密封件等氟塑料类PVF F4氟料聚四氟乙烯Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE高频电子仪器,雷达绝缘部件F46氟料聚全氟代乙丙烯Perfluorinated Ethylene-PropyleneCopolymer FFP高频电子仪器,雷达绝缘部件F3氟料聚三氟氯乙烯Polychlorctrifluoreethylene PCTFE透明视镜,阀管件等注塑、挤出成型可溶性聚四氟乙烯Teflon,PFA化工配件、机械零件常用塑料原料名称中英文对照表第 16 页，共 29 页注塑、挤出成型四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚ETFE化工配件、机械零类别俗称中文学名英文学名英文简称主要用途聚苯乙烯类硬胶通用聚苯乙烯General Purpose Polystyrene PS灯罩、仪器壳罩、玩具等不脆胶高冲击聚苯乙烯High Impact Polystyrene HIPS日用品、电器零件、玩具等改性聚苯乙烯类ABS料丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABS 电器用品外壳,日用品,高级玩具,运动用品AS料(SAN料)丙烯腈-苯乙烯Acrylonitrile Styrene AS(SAN)日用透明器皿,透明家庭电器用品等BS(BDS)K料丁二烯-苯乙烯Butadiene Styrene BS(BDS)特种包装,食品容器,笔杆等ASA料丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙烯睛Acrylonitrile Styrene acrylatecopolymer ASA适于制作一般建筑领域、户外家具、汽车外侧视镜壳体聚丙烯类PP(百折胶)聚丙烯Polypropylene PP包装袋,拉丝,包装物,日用品,玩具等PPC氯化聚丙烯Chlorinated Polypropylene PPC日用品，电器等聚乙烯类LDPE(花料,筒料)低密度聚乙烯Low Density Polyethylene LDPE包装胶袋,胶花,胶瓶电线,包装物等HDPE(孖力士)高密度聚乙烯High Density Polyethylene HDPE包装,建材,水桶,玩具等改性聚乙烯类EVA(橡皮胶)乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate EVA鞋底,薄膜,板片,通管,日用品等CPE氯化聚乙烯Chlorinated Polyethylene CPE建材,管材,电缆绝缘层,重包装材料聚酰胺尼龙单6聚酰胺-6Polyamide-6PA-6轴承,齿轮,油管,容器,日用品尼龙孖6聚酰胺-66Polyamide-66PA-66机械,汽车,化工,电器装置等尼龙9聚酰胺-9Polyamide-9PA-9机械零件,泵,电缆护套尼龙1010聚酰胺-1010Polyamide-1010PA-1010绳缆,管材,齿轮,机械零件丙烯酸脂类亚加力聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂Polymethyl Methacrylate PMMA透明装饰材料,灯罩,挡风玻璃,仪器表壳丙烯酸脂共聚物改性有机玻璃372#,373#甲基丙烯酸甲脂-苯乙烯Polymethyl Methacrylate-Styrene MMS高抗冲要求的透明制品甲基丙烯酸甲脂-乙二烯Methyl Methacrylate-Butadiene MMB机器架壳,框及日用品等聚碳酸脂防弹胶聚碳酸脂Polycarbonate PC 高抗冲的透明件,作高强度及耐冲击的零部件俗称 中文学名 英文学名 英文简称 主要用途常用塑料原料名称中英文对照表第 17 页，共 29 页聚苯乙烯类 硬胶 通用聚苯乙烯 GeneralPurposePolystyrenePS 灯罩、仪器壳罩、玩具等不脆胶 高冲击聚苯乙烯High ImpactPolystyreneHIPS 日用品、电器零件、玩具等改性聚苯乙烯类ABS料 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯AcrylonitrileButadieneStyrene ABS电器用品外壳{TodayHot},日用品,高级玩具,运动用品第 18 页，共 29 页 AS料(SAN料) 丙烯腈-苯乙烯AcrylonitrileStyreneAS(SAN) 日用透明器皿,透明居家电器用品等BS(BDS)K料丁二烯-苯乙烯 ButadieneStyreneBS(BDS) 特种包装,食品容器,笔杆等ASA料 丙烯酸-苯乙烯-丙烯睛AcrylonitrileStyreneacrylatecopolymer ASA适于制作一般建筑领域、户外家具、汽车外侧视镜壳体丙烯 Polypropylene PP 包装袋,拉丝,包装物,日用品,玩具等PPC 氯化聚丙烯 Chlorinated Polypropylene PPC 日用{HotTag}品，电器等聚乙烯类 LDPE(花料,筒料) 低密度聚乙烯 Low Density Polyethylene LDPE 包装胶袋,胶花,胶瓶电线,包装物等 HDPE(孖力士) 高密度聚乙烯 High Density Polyethylene HDPE 包装,建材,水桶,玩具等乙烯-醋酸乙烯脂 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate EVA 鞋底,薄膜,板片,通管,日用品等CPE 氯化聚乙烯 Chlorinated Polyethylene CPE 建材,管材,电缆绝缘层,重包装材料聚酰胺 尼龙单6 聚酰胺-6 Polyamide-6 PA-6 轴承,齿轮,油管,容器,日用品尼龙孖6 聚酰胺-66 Polyamide-66 PA-66 机械,汽车,化工,电器装置等第 21 页，共 29 页 尼龙9 聚酰胺-9Polyamide-9PA-9 机械零件,泵,电缆护套尼龙1010聚酰胺-1010Polyamide-1010PA-1010 绳缆,管材,齿轮,机械零件丙烯酸脂类 亚加力 聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂PolymethylMethacrylatePMMA 透明装饰材料,灯罩,挡风玻璃,仪器表壳丙烯酸脂共聚物改性有机玻璃372#,373# 甲基丙烯酸甲脂-苯乙烯PolymethylMethacrylate-Styrene MMS高抗冲要求的透明制品第 22 页，共 29 页 甲基丙烯酸甲脂-乙二烯 MethylMethacrylate-Butadiene MMB机器架壳,框及日用品等聚碳酸脂 防弹胶 聚碳酸脂PolycarbonatePC 高抗冲的透明件,作高强度及耐冲击的零部件聚甲醛 赛钢聚甲醛Polyoxymethylene(Polyformaldehyde) POM耐磨性好,可以作机械的齿轮,轴承等纤维素类 赛璐璐 硝酸纤维素CelluloseNitrate CN眼镜架,玩具等第 23 页，共 29 页 酸性胶 醋酸纤维素CelluloseAcetate CA家用器具,工具手柄,容器等乙基纤维素 EthylCellulose EC工具手柄,体育用品等饱和聚脂 涤纶(的确凉) 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂Poly(EthyleneTerephthalare)PET 轴承,链条,齿轮,录音带等聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇脂Poly(ButyleneTerephthalare)PBT第 24 页，共 29 页聚氯乙烯类PVC 聚氯乙烯Poly(VinylChloride) PVC制造棒,管,板材,输油管,电线绝缘层,密封件等氟塑料类PVFF4氟料 聚四氟乙烯PolytetrafluoroethylenePTFE 高频电子仪器,雷达绝缘部件F46氟料聚全氟代乙丙烯PerfluorinatedEthylene-PropyleneCopolymer FFP高频电子仪器,雷达绝缘部件第 25 页，共 29 页 F3氟料 聚三氟氯乙烯PolychlorctrifluoreethylenePCTFE 透明视镜,阀管件等注塑、挤出成型 可溶性聚四氟乙烯Teflon,PFA 化工配件、机械零件注塑、挤出成型 四氟乙烯-乙烯共聚ETFE 化工配件、机械零件聚砜 聚砜polysulfonePSU(PSF) 电器零件,结构件,飞机及汽车零件等聚醚砜polyethersulfone PES 电器零件,结构件,飞机及汽车零件等第 26 页，共 29 页氯化聚醚氯化聚醚ChlorinatedPolyethersPENTON(CPT)代替不锈钢,氯塑料等材料聚苯醚 聚苯醚poly(phenyleneoxide) PPO较高温度下工作的齿轮,轴承,化工设备及零部件聚芳脂 聚芳脂 PAR汽车电器,医疗器械聚苯硫醚聚苯硫醚poly(phenylenesulfone)PPS 耐热性优良,电器零件,汽车零件,化学设备第 27 页，共 29 页聚醚砜 聚醚砜 PES电器开关,插座,齿轮聚甲基戊烯-1聚甲基戊烯-1 TPX一次性注射器,奶瓶,汽车灯罩酚醛塑料 电木粉 苯酚-甲醛树脂 Phenol-FormaldehydePF 无声齿轮,轴承,钢盔,电机,通讯器材配件等氨基塑料 电玉尿素 脲-甲醛树脂 Urea-FormaldehydeUF 生活用品,电机壳,木材粘接剂等第 28 页，共 29 页 科学瓷,美腊密 三聚氰氨甲醛树脂Melamine-FormaldehydeResin MF 食品,日用品,开关零件等苯氨-甲醛树脂Aniline-FormaldehydeResin AF环氧树脂 冷凝胶 环氧树脂Epoxide ResinEP 汽车拖拉机零件,船身涂料聚酰亚胺聚酰亚胺Polyimides PI太空,电子,飞机零件,汽车零件第 29 页，共 29 页聚氨脂 PU 聚氨脂树脂PolyurethaneResin PU 鞋底,椅垫床垫,人造皮革,油漆硅树脂Silicone 硅氧烷 SI 橡胶制品,脱模剂,乳液弹性体,清漆涂料等不饱和聚脂醇酸树脂Alkyd ResinAK 涂料,玻璃钢,装饰件,地板,钮扣等烯丙基树脂 AllylResin DAP。

中华人民共和国国家标准食品添加剂卡拉胶Food additive—CarrageenanGB 15044—19941 主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了食品添加剂卡拉胶的技术要求，试验方法，检验规则以及标志、包装、运输和贮存。

本标准适用于从红藻类植物中用水或碱液浸出并经脱水干燥精制而成的K （Kappa）、I(Iota)、λ（Lambda）三种基本型号卡拉胶的混合物。

在食品工业中作为增稠剂、凝固剂。

2 引用标准GB 7718 食品标签通用标准GB 8449 食品添加剂中铅的测定方法GB 8450 食品添加剂中砷的测定方法3 产品分类结构式：4 技术要求4．1 外观和感官要求本品为灰白色、淡黄色至棕黄色粉末，无可见的杂质，无臭、无异味。

4．2 理化指标应符合下表要求。

项 目指 标 硫酸酯（以计），%−2SO 415～401) 粘度，Pa·s ≥0.01干燥失重，% ≤15 总灰分，% ≤30 酸不溶灰分，% ≤ 1 铅（以Pb 计），% ≤0.001 砷，% ≤0.0002注：1）因卡拉胶的结构类型不同而不同。

5 试验方法本试验所用水均为蒸馏水或去离子水，所用试剂均为分析纯试剂。

5．1 外观和感官检查将样品放在白色滤纸上，目视法观察其颜色及杂质，嗅其味。

5．2 鉴别5．2．1 试剂和溶液a. 乙醇（GB 679）：85%溶液；b. 氯化钾（GB 646）：2.5%溶液；c. 亚甲基蓝（HGB 3394）：1：100溶液； 5．2．2 试验程序5．2．2．1 称取样品4g，加到200mL 蒸馏水中，加热至80℃，不断搅拌直至样品溶解，用蒸馏水补充蒸发损失的水分，使溶液冷却至室温，变成半透明粘滞液体，并能产生凝胶状物。

5．2．2．2 取5.2.2.1溶液50mL，加入200mL 氯化钾溶液（5.2.1b），重新加热并充分混匀，移出冷却，用玻璃棒试样品，当出现脆性的胶体，说明是以K 型为主的卡拉胶；出现柔软（弹性）胶体，说明是以I 型为主的卡拉胶；如果溶液不是胶体，那就是以λ型为主的卡拉胶。

共轭聚合物有机半导体英文英文回答：Conjugated polymers and organic semiconductors are a class of materials that have both semiconducting and polymeric properties. They are typically composed of alternating single and double bonds along the polymer backbone, which allows for the delocalization of electrons and the formation of pi-conjugated systems. This delocalization results in a number of unique properties, including high electrical conductivity, low optical bandgaps, and the ability to absorb and emit light.Conjugated polymers and organic semiconductors have a wide range of potential applications in electronic devices, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and transistors. They are also being investigated for use in sensors, batteries, and other energy-related applications.中文回答：共轭聚合物和有机半导体是一类既具有半导体特性又具有聚合物性质的材料。

双8-羟基喹啉锌的合成、表征及发光特性郭海波;郭金丽;王松【摘要】通过实验改进,得到了合成5,5'-次甲基-双8-羟基喹啉配体的最佳制备方案,使合成工艺简化,合成产率提高,将该配体和锌离子制备了一种新型的双8-羟基喹啉类金属配合物.利用红外吸收光谱、X射线衍射谱(XRD),研究了配合物的分子结构、物相结构;利用热重(TG)分析研究了配合物的热稳定性;利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光激发和发射光谱研究了该配合物的光物理性能.结果表明:DZnq2的热分解温度为346℃,具有较高的热稳定性.DZnq2的荧光发射峰位于534.5 nm,为黄绿光发射.与Znq2相比,荧光强度有所减弱,这是由于次甲基相连的两个喹啉环的扭曲导致了DZnq2的刚性和共平面性不好;由于分子共轭体系的增大,使DZnq2分子的π电子更加离域化,导致了荧光发射峰发生了红移.DZnq2有望在有机电致发光器件和有机光伏器件中的得到应用.【期刊名称】《济宁学院学报》【年(卷),期】2015(036)003【总页数】5页(P31-35)【关键词】双8-羟基喹啉;合成;光谱特性【作者】郭海波;郭金丽;王松【作者单位】济宁学院物理与信息工程系,山东曲阜273155;济宁市第一中学,山东济宁272000;济宁市疾病预防控制中心,山东济宁272000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN383引言Tang 等[1]曾制备过高亮度、高发光效率、低驱动电压的有机电致发光器件（OLED）, 开创了该领域新的发展阶段.目前, 对于有机电致发光（OEL）的研究主要集中在提高器件的发光效率和使用寿命, 以及寻找新的性能优良的电致发光材料[ 2-4]方面.有机金属配合物发光材料具有荧光效率高、发光色度纯等优点, 被认为是实现有机电致发光器件商品化的首选材料.8-羟基喹啉类金属配合物作为性能优良的有机电致发光材料,已经得到了广泛的研究和应用.2003 年，马东阁等人[5]报道了基于5,5-次甲基-双8-羟基喹啉和8-羟基喹啉的二元双核铝配合物，较8-羟基喹啉铝具有更高的载流子迁移率, 从而导致以双核8-羟基喹啉铝为发光层的电致发光器件具有更高的发光效率.但双核8-羟基喹啉锌的研究还有待发展.本文合成了一种黄绿光发射材料双8-羟基喹啉锌（DZnq2）, 利用红外光谱、粉末X 射线衍射（XRD）对其结构进行表征, 利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光激发和发射光谱对其光物理性能进行了研究.1 实验1.1 试剂和测试仪器8-羟基喹啉、二甲基甲酰胺、醋酸锌均购自ACROS 公司；其他试剂均是天津科密欧化学试剂开发中心生产的分析纯试剂.测试仪器有美国FTIR-1730 红外光谱仪；日本理学Rigaku D/max 2500 X 射线衍射仪；德国NETZSCH STA409C 热分析仪；美国VARIAN 的Cary300 紫外-可见分光光度计；美国VARIAN的Cary Eclipse 荧光分光光度计.1.2 双8-羟基喹啉锌的制备采用参照文献[6] 的方法，合成5,5-次甲基-双8-羟基喹啉配体(Hqq).将适量的8-羟基喹啉和Hqq 分别溶于二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中，滴入适量的三乙胺溶液, 然后再滴加适量的醋酸锌的甲醇溶液, 加热搅拌回流6 小时, 冷却, 洗涤, 抽滤, 烘干得到目标产物.2 结果与讨论2.1 红外光谱分析为了对配体双8-羟基喹啉（Hqq）和配合物双8-羟基喹啉锌（DZnq2）进行表征，我们对材料做了红外光谱检测，并且与8-羟基喹啉和8-羟基喹啉锌作了比较.图1 8-羟基喹啉、5,5′-次甲基-双8-羟基喹啉及8-羟基喹啉锌（Znq2）、双核8-羟基喹啉锌（DZnq2）的红外光谱图1 为配体8-羟基喹啉（Hq）和5,5′-次甲基-双8-羟基喹啉(Hqq)及其相对应的两种金属配合物的红外光谱图.由图看出，配体Hqq 和配合物DZnq2 在2913cm-1 处都出现了C-H 伸缩振动吸收峰，而在Hq 和Znq2 的红外光谱图中此处没有发现吸收峰，表明Hqq 及其配合物DZnq2 中，存在亚甲基；在3043 cm-1、3045 cm-1 和3068 cm-1处都出现了一伸缩振动峰，该峰是喹啉环上的C-H键的伸缩振动模式；在1578 cm-1，1499 cm-1 处的峰归属于喹啉环上的C=C 双键的伸缩振动吸收.此外，在Hqq 中的1225 cm-1 处H-O 弯曲振动峰，在DZnq2 中消失，表明双核8-羟基喹啉去离子化后与锌离子络合；在配合物DZnq2 中1113 cm-1 处的C-O 伸缩振动峰与配体Hqq 中1105 cm-1 处的C-O伸缩振动峰相比较，发生了稍许红移，且振动强度有所增大，说明氧原子参与了成键；双核8-羟基喹啉在1462 cm-1 处C-N 键的伸缩振动模式，在配合物DZnq2 中发生了较大蓝移，由1462 cm-1 位移至1389 cm-1 处，蓝移了73cm-1，且大大加强，说明氮原子参与了成键；600 ～800 cm-1 范围内的峰对应喹啉环的特征振动吸收峰；小于600 cm-1范围内的峰处于远红外区，对应金属Zn2+与Hqq、Hq 配位体之间的振动吸收模式.与配体Hqq 相比，DZnq2 中在440 cm-1 处出现了新峰，此峰为Zn-O的伸缩振动峰，这种变化说明配合物的形成.由于Zn-N 键较弱，这就决定了其振动模式会在更低的波数上，不在测量范围之内.另外，在3435 cm-1 出现了水分子的羟基伸缩振动峰，1612cm-1 处出现水分子的HOH 弯曲振动峰，表明DZnq2 与Znq2 均含有结晶水.图2 (a) 8－羟基喹啉锌(Znq2)（b）双核8－羟基喹啉锌(DZnq2)的XRD 图谱2.2 XRD 分析图2 给出双核8-羟基喹啉锌与8-羟基喹啉锌的XRD 图谱，可以看出双核8-羟基喹啉锌（DZnq2）粉末与8-羟基喹啉锌(Znq2) 粉末均为晶体. 如图2（a）所示，在2θ=8.8°，10.3°处出现两个强衍射峰，相应的面间距d 分别为0.9939，0.8588 nm；2θ=9.7 °，14.3。

用,它能使血清中激肽原降解为缓激肽,从而升高血浆中NO水平,NO可改善血管内皮细胞功能,改善血管舒缩功能,特别是对已发生病变狭窄的血管,以及直径在100～500μm的小冠状动脉、末梢血管有强烈的舒张效应,给药后能使视网膜血液供应增加,从而纠正视网膜缺血、缺氧,改善视功能。

另外,胰激肽原酶还有抑制血栓形成及促溶栓作用。

临床上主要用于微循环障碍性疾病如糖尿病引起的肾病、周围神经病、视网膜病、缺血性脑血管病等,也可用于高血压病的辅助治疗。

眼科可用于治疗视网膜脉络膜炎、缺血性视乳头炎、视神经炎、视网膜动脉痉挛或栓塞、黄斑变性、视神经萎缩、玻璃体混浊、出血、陈旧性眼底出血以及慢性和陈旧性眼底病变等[2]。

本组108例患者在血糖控制基础上加用注射用胰激肽原酶治疗,方法简便且不良反应小,疗效显著,短期内视力明显改善者占81１5%,总有效率高达89１8%。

其中1例患者应用该药治疗10天后,视力从治疗前的4１7(0１5)提高至5１0(1１0),结果令人振奋。

另外,我们在临床上将该药用于治疗高血压性视网膜病变及视网膜静脉阻塞患者(急性出血期除外),也取得了令人满意的效果。

可见该药在眼科临床极具应用推广价值。

但并不排除该药疗效与患者血糖水平、视网膜病变范围、出血及渗出部位、是否累及黄斑等因素有关,远期疗效尚不能肯定,有待进一步观察。

因此我们强调用药的同时应注意控制血糖;适时行荧光造影检查,必要时及时行视网膜光凝或手术治疗以免延误病情;有脑出血及其他出血性疾病的急性期禁用该药。

[参考文献]1李凤鸣.眼科全书.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996,2328.2陈祖基.眼科临床药理学.北京:化学工业出版社,2002,368.(编辑:齐栩)结膜囊-上颌窦造瘘术重建泪液引流通道的临床研究张将,刘家新,张汉滨,喻长泰[摘要]目的寻找泪囊摘除术后或陈旧性泪小管断裂等患者泪溢问题的解决方案。

方法患者取仰卧位,分开眼睑,用上颌窦穿刺针在下结膜囊内1/3(泪湖区)处向下垂直刺入,感觉明显落空感即停止,拔出穿刺针,用血管钳适当旋转扩大穿刺孔,取4cm长F4膜(聚四氟乙烯膜,Polytetrafluoroethylene)由穿刺口塞入上颌窦,结膜面以0-8线将F4膜缝合固定在健康结膜上,F4膜残端用胶布固定于上睑内眦端皮肤上2周,术后给予抗生素口服3～5天,点抗生素眼液预防感染,术后2个月拆除F4膜。

Table of ContentsLB Medium (1)NZ Medium (2)SM Buffer (3)SET Buffer (4)6X Prehyb Soln (5)10 X TBE (6)10 X TAE (7)20 X SSC (8)1% SDS, 0.2 M NaOH (9)14% PEG (8000), 2M NaCl, 10 mM MgSO4 (10)20% SDS (11)1.0 M Tris, pH 8.0, 1.5 M NaCl (12)10mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10mM MgSO4 (13)10 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.5 (14)10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5 (15)3 M Sodium Acetate, pH 4.8 (16)Electrophoresis dye (17)Labelling Stop dye (18)Sequencing gel dye (19)5% Acrylamide (20)6% Acrylamide in TBE, 50% Urea (21)40% Acrylamide (22)LB Medium (1 Liter)10g Bacto-tryptone5g Bacto-yeast extract10g NaClFor forty plates add 1% agar--1g. Autoclave media. When cool, add ampicillin and pour plates. For 1L of media, add 1.8 mL amp.NZ Medium (500 mL)5 g Bacto-tryptone2.5 g Bacto-yeast extract2.5 g NaCl1.25 g MgSO4For 20 plates add 1.2% agar--6g. Autoclave and pour plates at 50o CSM Buffer (1L)5.8 g NaCl1.2 g MgSo450 mL 1M Tris-HCl, pH 7.50.1 g Gelatin (doesn't dissolve)AutoclaveUsed for phage dilution and storage.SET Buffer50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 50 mM EDTA, 20% w/v Sucroseto make 200mL:40 g Sucrose10 mL of 1M Tris20 mL of 0.5 M EDTA, disodium saltbring to 200 mL with H206X Prehybridization Solutionto make 500 mL300 mL ddH20150 mL 20X SSC50 mL 50X Denhardt's solution1 mL 0.5 M EDTA (disodium salt)2.5 mL 20% SDS6X refers to the concentration of SSC10X TBE Buffer (for polyacrylamide gels) to make one liter:60.75 g Tris3.7 g EDTA (tetrasodium salt)30 g Boric acid10X TAE Buffer (For agarose gels)to make one liter:48.20 g Tris6.75 g NaAce3.75 g EDTA (disodium salt)Adjust pH to 7.6 with acetic acid. (Approx. 20 mL)20X SSCto make one liter:175.3 g NaCl88.2 g NaCitrateadd water to bring volume to one liter.adjust to pH 7.0 with HCl.1% SDS, 0.2 M NaOHto make 100 mL:93 mL ddH205 mL 20% SDS2 mL 10 M NaOH14% PEG (8000), 2M NaCl, 10 mM MgSO4 to make one liter:140 g PEG117 g NaCl2.46 g MgSO4For use in phage DNA preparation.20% SDSto male 250 mL:50 g of SDS in a beakerAdd stir bar and H20 last.This solution will have to be heated for the SDS to dissolve.1.0 M Tris, pH 8.0, 1.5 M NaClto make one liter:121.1 g Trizma87.6 g NaClin a volume of water less than 1L. Adjust pH with HCl, then bring to 1L with H2010 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgSO4to make one liter:10 mL 1 M Tris-HCl2.46 g MgSO4for use in phage DNA preparation10 mM Tris, 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.5to make 200 mL:2 mL 1 M Tris20 mL 0.5 M EDTA (tetrasodium salt)178 mL ddH20adjust pH with HCl.10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5to make 200 mL:2.0 mL 1 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.50.4 mL 0.5 M EDTA197.6 mL ddH203 M Sodium Acetate, pH 4.8to make one liter:408.1 g NaAce (trihydrate; gets cold in soln)about 700 mL H20adjust pH with glacial acetic acid (takes a lot)Measure tru pH by dilution with water; range will be between 4.8 and 5.5.Electrophoresis Dyeto make 4 mL:3 mL 50 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.01 mL glycerol20 μL BPB10 μL Xylene cyanolStop dye for labelled probe1 mL 50 mM EDTA, 10 mM Tris, pH 7.5-8.5about 200 μl glyceroladd a few grains of blue dextran (8000)Sequencing gel dyefor approx 1 mL:1 mL formamide10 μL xylene cyanol10 μl BPB3 μL 10 M NaOH5% acrylamideto make 200 mL:20 mL 10X TBE25 mL 40% acrylamide155 mL H206% Acrylamide in TBE, 50% Ureato make 500 mL:50 mL 10X TBE75 mL 40% acrylamide250 g Ureabring to 500 mL with H2O40% Acrylamide (38:2 acrylamide:bis acrylamide) to make 200 mL:76 g acrylamide4 g bis acrylamidebring to 200 mL with H2O。

聚合物的分子链结构对结晶性的影响摘要：聚合物的结晶态是高分子材料最重要的凝聚态之一。

不同聚合物的结晶能力不同，其根本原因是分子链结构的不同。

本文分析了分子链的对称性和规整性、分子间作用力、支化、共聚和交联等因素对聚合物结晶能力的影响。

链的结构越简单，对称性和规整性越好，结晶能力越强。

分子间作用力、支化、共聚和交联也对结晶有影响。

关键词：结晶；对称性；规整性；分子间作用力；共聚1.引言大量分子链凝聚时，除了相互高度贯穿、交叠、缠结，分子链呈构象复合Gauss分布的无规线团外，在低温下经常有分子链或局部分子链规整排列，形成三维长程有序的点阵结构，生成结晶聚合物。

高分子材料的无定形态（原则上属于液态）与晶态之间的转变属于热力学一级相变。

高分子结晶可在溶液中发生，生成高分子单晶从溶液析出，也可在熔体冷却时原位发生液-固相变，生成复杂晶体。

分子链形成规则排列的驱动力为范德华力等次价键作用力，化学结构简单、规整性好的分子链结晶能力尤其强，一些典型聚合物的结晶能力如表1所示[1]。

本文主要论述聚合物的分子结构对其结晶行为的影响。

表1 一些聚合物的结晶性Tab 1. The crystallinity of some polymers聚合物球晶生长速率/（μm · s-1）结晶度/%高密度聚乙烯8.3 × 10480 ~ 90聚酰胺-66 2.0 × 10440 ~ 60聚甲醛 6.7 × 10370 ~ 85聚酰胺-6 2.5 × 10350聚四氟乙烯 5.0 × 10290 ~ 95等规聚丙烯 3.3 × 10260聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 1.7 × 10250 ~ 55等规聚苯乙烯 3.8 × 10050~ 602.聚合物分子链结构对其结晶行为的影响聚合物结晶的必要条件是分子结构的对称性和规整性，这也就是影响其结晶能力、结晶速度的主要结构因素。