中西方酒文化的差异__英语论文 2

毕业设计(论文)开题报告Comparison of the Wine Culture between China and the Western World中西方酒文化对比一、题目来源其他，专题研究二、研究目的和意义研究目的：文化是人类在社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和,中国和西方的酒文化差异,包括酒的酿造工艺和酒人文精神等的差异,都可以归结为物质和精神两大类。

造成这些差异的原因是多方面的,不仅有地理环境、物产和风俗习惯等因素的不同,而且有生产方式、文化传统等因素的不同,但是也不外乎客观和主观两个方面。

只要密切关注这两个方面的变化,就能在一定程度上了解和把握中国和西方酒文化发展的脉搏,促进中西文化的交流与发扬光大。

研究意义：酒被认为是酒神赐予人们的礼物。

酒文化源远流长。

酒在人们日常的交际生活中起着重要作用。

由于生活环境、历史背景、传统习俗、价值观念、思维模式和社会规范等的不同,东西方(甚至国与国之间) 的酒文化呈现出风格迥异、丰富多彩的民族特性。

对东西方酒文化特性进行比较研究,颇有意义。

东西方的酒文化同中有异、异中有同,内容丰富。

了解不同民族的酒文化,有助于人们成功地进行跨文化交际。

三、阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称[1]Fang Weiwen.Chinese Wine.[J].CHINA’S GOREIGN TRADE,2000, Vol.21 No.1：48[2]Kongco.Wine Songs and Culture.[J].CHINA’S TIBET,1996, Vol.5No.3:36～37[3]Liu Changsheng.China’s Alcohol Culture-An Elementary Introduction.[J].P AST AND PRESENT,1996 Vol.13No.1：34～35[4] Lu nd of Wine and Poets.[J].CHINA TODAY,20 04, Vol.12No.5:56～57[5]Nie Yan.Riches and Romance from France’s Wine Harvest. [J].ENGLISH COACHING,1999,Vol.26No.3:26[6] Oliver Dawe, Hector Innes,Book, Wilton 65, January 19 93[7]Shan Yongjun, The Different Nature in the Drinknig Culture between Ch nia and W estern World,Journal ofA nkang Teachers College, Vol118 №.2[8]陈洪绶,任熊（清）.酒牌[M].东画报出版社，2005.9[9]陈桥生.诗酒风流[M].北京: 华文出版社 , 1997.1[10]杜莉.中西酒文化比较[J].扬州大学烹饪学报，2004，Vol.21No.1：1～4[11]（美）盖尔·梅斯.走进欧美酒天地[M]. 高间.金盾出版社，2005.1[12]林莹,毛永年.爱恋葡萄酒[M].中央编译出版社，2006.11[13]曲松斌等.酒文化丛书[M].黑龙江科学技术出版社，2005.3[14]阮汝玮.酒菜与酒话[M].上海世界图书出版公司，2001.8.[15]单永军.醉：诗意的自远与本能的迷醉—中西酒文化精神之比较[J].安康师专学报，2006，Vol.18No.2：46～48[16]天龙.民间酒俗[M].中国社会出版社，2006.9 [1]徐琰.从酒文化的词语形态异同点看东西方文化特质 [J].杭州师范学院学报（自然科学版），2004，Vo l.3No.3：238～240[17]杨乃济. 中西酒文化比较[J].北京联合大学学报，1994，Vol.8No.18：84～99[18]杨婷.中西诗歌中的酒文化比较略谈[J].重庆教育学院学报，2004，Vol.17 No.4：40～42[19]张吕.酒趣诗情景理—论中国古代诗酒文化的审美意蕴[J] .兵团教育学院学报,1999 , Vol.9No.1:47～51[20]朱江.消闲时节话洋酒[J].中国烹饪研究，1996，Vol.13No.1：15～20四、国内外现状和发展趋势与研究的主攻方向1.国内外现状与发展趋势：葡萄酒是西方国家的主要酒种，西方人经过长期的不断探索，逐渐形成了一套享受葡萄酒的餐桌礼仪。

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Wine is an important part of many cultures. In Western culture, wine is often associated with fine dining and social occasions. People enjoy different types of wines and know a lot about wine pairings. They might have a glass of red wine with a steak or a white wine with seafood.In Chinese culture, alcohol also has a long history. Baijiu is very popular. It is often drunk during festivals and gatherings. People toast and share the joy together.In Western bars, you can see people chatting and drinking wine casually. It's a relaxed and enjoyable atmosphere.In China, there are also many traditional ways of drinking alcohol. And there are various customs and etiquette related to it.The taste and experience of wine in different culturesare really interesting. Each has its own characteristics and charm.。

中西酒文化英文作文In the West, wine culture is deeply rooted in tradition and history. From the vineyards of France to the wineries of California, wine has been a part of Western culture for centuries. Whether it's a casual glass with dinner or a formal wine tasting event, wine is a central element of social gatherings and celebrations.In contrast, in China, the culture of drinking Baijiu, a strong distilled spirit, has a long history and is an important part of social interactions. Baijiu is often consumed during business meetings, banquets, and other formal occasions. It is seen as a symbol of hospitality and friendship, and is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture.The art of wine tasting in the West is a sophisticated and nuanced practice. Wine enthusiasts use all their senses to evaluate the color, aroma, and flavor of a wine. They often use specialized vocabulary to describe the characteristics of different wines, and take great pleasurein discussing and comparing their experiences with others.In China, the traditional way of drinking Baijiu involves toasting and drinking in a group setting. It is common for people to raise their glasses and make a toast before taking a sip of Baijiu. The act of toasting is a sign of respect and goodwill, and plays an important role in building relationships and camaraderie.In the West, wine is often associated with leisure and relaxation. It is enjoyed in a variety of settings, from picnics and outdoor concerts to fine dining restaurants and wine bars. Wine is seen as a way to enhance the enjoyment of life and is often paired with food to create a harmonious dining experience.In China, Baijiu is deeply intertwined with the concept of "Guanxi," which refers to the network of relationships and social connections that are crucial for success in business and other aspects of life. Drinking Baijiu together is a way to strengthen these relationships and build trust and mutual understanding.In the West, there is a growing interest in organic and sustainable wine production, with an emphasis on environmental stewardship and ethical practices. Many wineries are adopting organic and biodynamic farming methods, and there is a strong focus on terroir, or the unique characteristics of a wine's place of origin.In China, Baijiu production has also seen modernization and innovation in recent years, with a focus on quality and craftsmanship. There is a growing market for premium Baijiu, and producers are experimenting with different aging techniques and flavor profiles to cater to changing consumer preferences.Overall, while there are many differences between the wine culture of the West and the Baijiu culture of China, both traditions share a deep appreciation for the socialand cultural significance of alcoholic beverages. Whetherit's a glass of wine or a toast of Baijiu, these drinksplay a central role in bringing people together andfostering meaningful connections.。

Analysis of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Wine Culture form the Dimension of Masculinity and FemininityThe wine，which plays an important role in the daily life, is familiar to human beings. People’s life becomes colorful with it. Re garding to the wine culture, there exists difference between China and the western countries.1、The definition of wine cultureWine culture: A broad term is the deposit related to wine,such as law institution , Languages & Literatures ,wine story,folkways and customs,etiquette and so on and its mental reflection and association.The narrow concept is the culture in the heart of ordinary consumers,mostly refers to the customs, etiquette and anecdote and so on.Due to the living environment, historical background, values, thinking patterns and differences in education ,there are many different styles, a variety of national identity between eastern and western countries in wine cultures. This paper talks about the wine -drinking culture.This article is based on the differences in wine culture between Chinese and western countries.And then analysis the underlying causes from these differences.2、Masculinity vs. femininityThis dimension measures the value placed on traditionally male or female values (as understood in most Western cultures). In so-called 'masculine' cultures, people value competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and the accumulation of wealth and material possessions. In so-called 'feminine' cultures, people value relationships and quality of life. This dimension is often renamed by users of Hofstede's work, e.g. to Quantity of Life vs. Quality of Life. Another reading of the same dimension holds that in 'M' cultures, the differences between gender roles are more dramatic and less fluid than in 'F' cultures .3、The Differences Between Chinese and Western Wine CultureThis paper will analyze the different wine culture between China and western countries from the aspects as follows.3.1 Different type of wineFrom the choice of the type of wine,the Chinese traditional sense of drinking is "酒以烈为贵"，so the best choice is the strong wine--Chinese liquor，also named as white wine,which is different from western tradition,drinking beer or red wine.Chinese ,especially men,plume themselves on drinking white wine .Drinking white wine has become the symbol of the beauty of masculinity.3.2 The different way of drinkingFrom the way of drinking ,the westerns lay great stress on the pleasures of wine-tasting,as Chinese said"品酒"，while Chinese drink in forthright way,as Chinesesaid"豪爽"。

英语毕业论文之中国和西方的酒文化中国和西方的酒文化学生姓名学生学号院系年级专业指导教师The Wine Culture BetweenChina and Western CountriesContentsAbstract IKey Words I摘要Ⅱ关键词ⅡIntroduction1I The Differences and Similaritiesof WineC u l t u r e 3A T h e D i f f e r e n c e s o fW i n eC u l t u r e 31 T heMaterials32 T h e M a j o r H o l i d a y D r i nk i n gC u s t o m s 8B T h e S i m i l a r i t i e s o f W i n eC u l t u r e 91 Having a Beautiful Legend about the Origin of theW i n e 92 The Wine is a Kind of Cultural Symbolism of WineS p i r i t 13 The Development of the Mainstream andB e l i e f s 1 1I I T h e W a y t o P r o mo t eIntercommunication12A Launching International CommunicationC o n f e r e n c e 1 2B S e t t i n g t h e S u i ta b l eR u l e s 1 2CInnovation12Conclusion15Acknowledgements1 6Bibliography17AbstractThe winewhich plays an important role in the dailylife is familiar to human beings Peoples life becomescolorful with it As regards the wine culturethereexists difference between China and the westerncountries The raw material and drinking custom isdifferent in terms of geography There also existsimilarities Both China and western countries havesome beautiful legends about the origin of wine and thesymbol wine of spirit leading to the birth ofromanticism and the development of mainstream beliefThe development of world wine culture depends on theintercommunication of different nations Thuscommunicating with other nations is helpful andindispensable to the development of wine culture Threemethods can be done to promote intercommunicationNowadays as we know globalization is inevitable so isthe intercommunication of wine culture betweencountriesKey WordsWine culture cultural difference habit of drinking摘要我们对于酒是非常熟悉的酒在人们的日常生活中起着不可替代的作用有了它人们的生活变的多姿多彩关于酒文化中国和西方存在着差异酿酒的原料和喝酒的习俗根据地理位置的不同而不同的尽管存在着差异相似处也是有的中国和西方都有一些关于酒的起源的美丽传说世界文化现象有着惊人的相似之处酒已不仅仅是一种客观物质存在而是一种文化象征即酒神精神的象征都导致了浪漫主义的诞生和主流信仰的发展酒文化的发展离不开各国的交流和其它国家的交流对酒文化的发展是有利的也是比不可少的有三种方法可以增加国际间的交流众所周知现在全球化是不可避免的趋势国际间文化交流也会成为全球化关键词酒文化文化差异饮酒习惯IntroductionThe wine as an objective substance in the world is inthe shape of water but it has the character of fire Itwill brighten the bright and fool the fool People suchas the emperors the heroes the liberators theordinary people the beggars and the like all like it sinceit appeared Undoubtedly the wine can be said asariddle People no matter in China or in western countriesall have the habit of drinking wine They regard drinkingwine as an indispensable part of life The formation wayof wine culture is different in different countries InChina the word for alcohol "jiu is used to refer to alltypes of alcoholic beverages Since long time ago Chinahad have the stories about Du Kang who invented themethod of brewing wine A legend in western countriesabout the origin of wine is also spread The wine culturewas gradually formed after the appearing of wine Thephrase "the wine culture" is put forward by therenowned economist professor Li in China In 1994 Xiaojiacheng said that the wine culture referred totheintegration of material technical spiritual custompsychological and behavior phenomenon whichgenerated around the center While we pride ourselveson the long history of wine culture we only to find thatwe depend excessively on the traditional wineculture As a result we can not make any innovationThere is no development and progress withoutinnovation In this case we can learn from the westerncountries There are varied types of wine withdifferent raw materials such as Gin Whisky VodkaRum and Brandy Even the cocktail which appeared lateris confected based on some types of the wine It isgenerally acknowledged that China is far away from thewestern countries As a result the way to drink isdifferent Even in China there is also some differencebetween nationalities on the way to drink There is alsosome similarities of wine culture between China andwestern countries although the difference exists Forexample both China and western countries have abeautiful legend about the origin of wine Thedevelopment of wine spirit accompanied with wineculture While wine culture developed to a certaindegree schools of ideology came into being In order topush the development of wine culture we should do ourutmost to promote the international communication ofthe wine cultureI．The Difference and Similarities of WineCulture in China and in Western CountriesAThe Difference of Wine Culture1 The MaterialsChina is one of the three ancient countries in theworld and has thousands of years of history to brewwine Today China is also famous for its masterlytechnology and distinctive style of wine and is morerenowned for the long history and profound culture Theworld people gradually realized the great value of wineculture of China as the rapid development of Chinesewine since the foundation of China In China the wordfor alcohol "jiu" is used to mean all types of alcoholicbeverages from "pijiu" beer to liquors just called "jiu"to grape wine "putaojiu" The origins of the alcoholicbeverages from fermented grain in China can not betraced definitely The distilled drink was not popularuntil the 19th century Traditionally Chinese distilledliquors are consumed together with food rather thandrunk on their own The wine can be generally classifiedinto two types namely yellow liquors huangjiu or clearwhite liquor baijiu The yellow liquor is fermentedwine that is brewed directly from grains such as rice orwheat Such liquor contains less than 20 alcohol due tothe inhibition of fermentation by ethanol at thisconcentration This wine is traditionally pasteurizedaged and filtered before their final bottling for sale toconsumers Yellow liquor can also be distilled to producewhite liquor or baijiu White liquor baijiu are alsocommonly called shaojiu which means "hot liquor" or"burned liquor" either because of the burning sensationin the mouth during consumption and the fact that theyare usually warmed before being consumed or becauseof the heating requirements for distillation liquors ofthis type typically contain more than 30 alcohol involume since they have undergone distillation There area great many varieties of distilled liquors bothunflavored and flavored There are a large number oftypes of famous Chinese liquors and wines familiar to us such as11 Feng Jiu-- this wine was dated back to Northernand Southern Dynasties 5500 AD It is the original Chinese white wine made from sorghum Alcohol contentby volume 63--6512 Zhu Ye Qing Jiu-- this wine is Fen Jiu brewed witha dozen or more of selected Chinese herbal medicineOne of the ingredients is bamboo leaves which give the wine a greenish color and its name Alcohol content by volume 4613 Mao Tai Jiu-- this wine has a production history ofover 200 years It is named after its origin at Mao Taitown in Guizhou province It is made from wheat andsorghum with a unique distilling process that involvesseven iterations of the brewing cycle This wine isfamous to the western world when the Chinesegovernment served this in state banquets entertainingthe US presidents Alcohol content by volume 54--5514 Gao Liang Jiu-- Gao LIang is the Chinese name forsorghum Besides sorghum the brewing process also usebarley wheat etc The wine was originated from Da ZhiGu since the Ming Dynasty Nowadays Taiwan is a largeproducer of sorghum Alcohol content by volume61--63 Mei Gui Lu Jiu rose essence wine --a varietyof sorghum with distilling from a special species of roseand crystal sugar Alcohol content by volume 54--5515 Wu Jia Pi Jiu-- a variety of guo liang jiu with aunique selection of Chinese herbal medicine added tothe brewing Alcohol content by volume 54--5516 Da Gu Jiu-- originated from Sichuan province with300 years of history This wine is made of sorghum andwheat by fermenting in a unique process for alongperiod in the cellar Alcohol content by volume 5217 Yuk Bing Shiu Jiu-- a rice wine with over 100 yearshistory It is made of steamed rice and stored a longperiod after distillation Alcohol content by volume3018 Shuang Jing double distillation and SanJing triple distillation Jiu--two varieties of rice wineby distilling twice and three times respectively Alcoholcontent by volume 32 and 38--39 respectivelySan Hua three flowers Jiu -- a rice wine made inGui Lin with allegedly over a thousand years history Itis famous for the fragrant herbal addition and the useof spring water from Mount Elephant in the region Alcohol content by volume 55--5719 Fujian Glutinous Rice Wine-- made by adding a longlist of expensive Chinese herbal medicine to glutinousrice and a low alcohol rice wine distillation The uniquebrewing technique uses another wine as raw materialThe wine has an orange red color Alcohol content byvolume 18110 Hua Diao Jiu-- a type of yellow wine originatesfrom Shaoxing Zhejiang It is made of glutinous riceand wheat Alcohol content by volume 16This is the raw material of wine in China In westerncountries the types of wine are varied so is the rawmaterialQinjiu Gin the first action of a special purpose forthe spirits Sylvius Docter maker of this wine was aprofessor of medicine well known in the Netherlands toDayton University in the 17th century He knew that theoil of Cadinene strawberry contained an element ofdiuretic which together with pure ethanol distillation toobtain cheaper diuretic drugs and he succeeded finallyNot only medicine but it is a new species of wineQinjiu Types The unique and different formula ofQinjiu used by the distillery Qinijiu can be divided into4 types according to brands types productionNetherlands Qinjiu Holland or Dutch Gin thetaste is sweet accompanied with hot no matter it is pureto drink or to drink plus some ice The two cases areboth very tasty It is basically made from malt Theflavor came from strawberry It adds ice and a piece oflemon which is the best alternative of dry MartiniLondon Qinjiu Tom Gin or London Gin The sweetLondon Qinjiu is made with malt and grain as rawmaterials and primary productsJoseph Bournemouth Qinjiu It is similar to LondonQinjiu although with different flavorBritish Qinijiu This wine is not sweet and has notthe original savor The difference British and theUnited States is an important factor The British Qinjiuhas lower alcohol after distillation but it retains moregrain characteristics of loe alcohol distillation Secondlythe water of course Britain and the United States aredifferent Which mutually affect the characteristics ofthe technique and distilled spiritsWhiskyThe Characteristics of Whiskey Whiskey is madefrom the smashed fermentation and distillation ofgrains and then placed into a barrel Although any cerealcan be used to brew whiskey the most importantmaterials are corn hushed wheat and barleyThe Origin of Whiskey At present four majorproducing areas namely Scotland Ireland Canada andthe United States Most of these areas have producedwhiskey named its origin in addition to Bourbon whiskyand the United States blending whisky Blended Scotchand Light customers Scotch whiskeyThe Types Whiskey Scotch whisky Single maltwhiskey Irish whiskey Tennessee whiskey CanadianwhiskeyBrandyBrandys Character Brandy is a mixture offermentation and distillation of fruit juice and residueDistilled alcohol content is less than 95 in order toretain its flavor and aromatic character"Cognac" Brandy Cognac is a kind of Brandy winedistilled from wine in Cognac French It named by theFrench government lawLyme wine Rum Islands of west Indies is thehome of Rum wine where is abound in sugarcane Rum isthe first three words of Rum bullion which meansexcitement Rum is distilled wine made from sugarcaneas the raw material It is different for the differenceof producing area and the way to make it It can bedivided into three types according to the tint It is oneof the basic wines in confecting cocktailThe Origin of Rum The producing area is mainly inthe place where people speak Spanish and English suchas Puerto Rico Jamaica and Java along the East IndiesPuerto Rico Rum Puerto Rico which is famous for itslight wineDemerara Rum rather than Jamaica sales a largeamount to the United StatesBatavian Run Batavian is spicy Java Lime liquor Itis special because of the special flavor of honey waterand the rice added to it to fermentHawaiian Rum Hawaii is the lightest available winein the market which is made lately It isthe bestbeverages with orange juice With ice and quinine waterRum is the best beverages in the hot daysAt present ordinary Chinese people have alwaysjust used alcohol to help them celebrate the happinessin their lives In China a banquet known as "jiuxi" meansan alcohol banquet and the life of every person frombirth to death should have pauses for drinkingbanquets starting a month or 100 days after a babysbirth when the parents invite people in for a drinkWhen someone builds a new house marries starts abusiness makes a fortune or lives a long life he shouldinvite people in for a drinking session In modern timesit is a pity that the games that go with drink are not theelegant ones of the past that involved poetry or musicToday drinkers just play simple finger guessing gamesalong with a lot of heavy drinking It also seems todaythat friendship depends only on the volume of drinkbeing consumed "If we are good friends then bottomup if not then just take a sip" is a common phrasedexchanged during gatherings As we know China has 56nationalities and a wide range of territory Thereisvaried drinking custom for different nationalitiesKorean "aged wine"The wine is brewing before "Rosh Hashanah" whichis equal to the New Year of Han people Rice is the mainmaterial of aged wine with the mixture of BalladSalamanders and cinnamon and other kinds oftraditional Chinese herbal medicine It is a wine similarto "Su Tu Wine" with different prescription medicinesIt is used to drink during the spring and to treat people Drinking this kind of wine is believed to live longevity2 Major Holiday Drinking CustomsSeveral major Chinese festival of the year have a corresponding drinking activities such as the Dragon Boat Festival drink "calamus wine" Suspended drink "chrysanthemum wine" In some places such as Jiangxipeople gathered to drink after planting the cereal cropor to celebrate the harvest time Chinese New Year alsois known as New Years Eve It is the day for family reunion to have the most sumptuous dinner of the yearDinner and wine are essential to the even poorest familyIn some places people generally do not leave the houseon the first day of the first lunar month From thesecond day people begin to drop around The owner ofthe house takes the dishes which have been preparedearlier to the table and enjoy the wine with the guests" liquor of daughter in the south"According to the earliest record by the "SouthernGrasses" that the southern people began to make winewhen their daughter was several years old Then theybury the brewed wine when their daughter got marriedThis kind of wine was inherited in Shaoxing anddeveloped to be famous as "Huadiao jiu"Another difference exists in the custom ofdrinking wine As is known to us China is a big countrywith 56 nationalities and vast territory Most of thenations have its own distinctive wine and custom ofdrinking wine However there still exists the commoncharacter encouraging people to drink While inwestern countries no one will encourage you to drink Itis up to you to drink or not No one would associatetoasting people with the face It there exists buyingwine culture that is today I buy the wine for you in abar tomorrow you will buy for meWine culture brings about the difference ofideology of flows Wine culture that caused greateffect ion the east and west civilization is embodied inthe feminism In the west fete is an important meansof worship of wine The housewives and girls gathered inwild mountains to dance and enjoy themselves the wholenight Women could communicate with any peopleAlthough the man was discontented with this he couldnot have any complaints This tradition was handed downAs a result women got almost the same status with theman in the west The worship of wine came along withthe mysterious worship of maternity which rippled inthe civilization of the westIt was not the case in China Although at thebeginning the wine was brewed for the daughter of Yuwomen were deprived of right of drinking wine by manThe girls in The Dream of Red Mansion mostly drankfruit wine The liquor repetitive of wine was the patentof men such as Jia Zheng The status of women wasgradually promoted after the spread of western cultureduring the period of Fourth Five Women have the sameright of drinking wine in modern timesB The Similarities of Wine Culture1 Having a Beautiful Legend about the Origin of theWineAlthough there is much difference of wine culturebetween China and western countries we can notneglect the similarities In the first place both Chinaand western countries have a beautiful legend about theorigin of the wine In China some people think that DuKang invented the method to make wine with a historyof 4000years while other people think that Yi Di wasthe first person to brew wine However there is abasically clear record about the origin of wine In thewest though there is a not clear historicalrecord abeautiful legend about the origin of wine was handeddown It was said that an ancient Persian king sealed theremnant grapes in the barrel and labeled the word"poison" to prevent others from eating them There wasa concubine disfavored by the king and lived painfullyopportunely to see the poison barrel and wanted to dieat that time She opened it and drunk for a few mouthsShe felt not painful but a sense of intoxication whenshe was waiting to die Then she told the king thematter A test is unavoidable This of course is abeautiful legend But the wine indeed enhanced theenjoyment of mankind2 The Wine is a Kind of Cultural Symbolism of WineSpiritIn the second place the world culture has thesurprising similarities In the realm of literature andart the wine spirit is everywhere and affects theliterature craftsmen deeply in that freeness art andbeauty is united Freeness reaches art and art producesbeauty To get the free state of art with intoxication isan important channel to get rid of bind and get theability of creation by the ancient Chinese arts Withouta doubt wine occupies an important place in the cultureand life of the Chinese people Wine was intimatelyconnected with most Chinese men of letters It was alsoan inseparable part of the life of ordinary Chinesepeople The banquets of ancient emperors and kingscould not take place without it Every sort of wine vesselthus became an important kind if sacrificeobjectInscriptions on bones and tortoise shells aswell asbronze inscriptions preserve manyrecords ofShang-era people worshiping their ancestors with wineThere were many famous Chinese poets or artist whocrafted their masterpieces after getting "drunk" Thefamous poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty AD618-907 isknown as the "Immortal of Wine" because of his lovefor alcohol Guo Moruo a modern scholar compiledstatistics about Lis poems and found 17 percent ofthem were about drinking Early writers liked drinkingand thought it as an elegant way to pass the time Apartfrom the taste of the drink they also concentrated onthe process of drinking They created many games to gowith drinking sessions involving knowledge of historyliterature music and poetry In ancient times before abattle a general would feast his soldiers with alcoholand meat If they won the battle they would berewarded with good wine If a warrior fell in battle hisfellows would scatter wine on the ground as part of amemorial ceremony Lastly the similarities of ideologyflows leads to the birth of Romanticism and thedevelopment of the mainstream beliefs In the westthe worship of Bacus who is the divinity ofwine isstrengthened in the fight against civilization Theworshiper of Bacus disgusted in the produce ofcivilization They longed for intoxication of thebodyand spirit As a westerner put it the great things ofman in success mostly include the element ofintoxication The conflict between prudence andenthusiasm run through the history of the west so doesthe worship of drinking wine Nicai theorize this kind ofworship The romanticism philosophy of the west cameinto being In the east wine culture brought the effectof romanticism Romanticism stood up to realism all thetime although it had not the theoretic philosophyPoetry is his primogenitor of romanticism in ChinaWhen it came to Liangjin the romantic tinge of wineculture reached its first cli During the TangDynasty it reached its top No matter representativessuch as from Li Bai Li Shangyin or Bai Juyi to Su ShiXin Qiji og song Dynasty to Zheng Banqiao ofQingDynasty added abundant color to the brilliantcivilization of China3 The Development of the Mainstream BeliefsIn the west romanticism brought in mysticism ofChristianity In the ancient Greece a great manyoffaith was associated with Bacus The worship of themuzzy Bacus was the origin of mysticism in the westwhich affected many philosophers and broughtenlightenment and to the shapement of theology ofChristianity In the east the development of Taoismand Zen can not leave wine culture Zhuang Zhouadvocated the unity of heaven and man He sings theabsolutely free song with a cup in one hand and anotherhand writing poems after drinking wine He would preferto be the tortoise rather than the horse which wasastrict by man The essence and soul of the spirit ofwine is in pursuit of absolute freeness and oblivion ofinterest and honor and shameII The Way to Promote the Intercommunicationof Wine CultureA Launching International Communication ConferenceThe development of world wine culture depends on。

中英酒文化差异英语作文In China, drinking is often seen as a way to build relationships and show respect to others. It's common for people to toast each other and drink together as a sign of friendship and camaraderie.In English-speaking countries, drinking is often more casual and less ceremonial. People may gather at a bar or party and simply enjoy a few drinks without the same emphasis on toasting or formalities.In China, drinking is often accompanied by a variety of traditional customs and rituals, such as pouring drinks for others and using both hands to hold the glass as a sign of respect.In English-speaking countries, drinking is often more focused on individual enjoyment and relaxation, with less emphasis on formalities or traditional customs.In China, certain types of alcohol, such as baijiu, hold a special cultural significance and are often used in important social and business gatherings.In English-speaking countries, a wide variety of alcoholic beverages are enjoyed, with less emphasis on specific types of alcohol holding cultural significance.In China, the concept of "saving face" is important in drinking culture, and it's considered polite to drink what is offered to you, even if it's more than you can handle.In English-speaking countries, there is more emphasis on individual choice and personal limits when it comes to drinking, and it's generally acceptable to refuse a drink without causing offense.。

中英酒文化对比英语作文A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and British Drinking Cultures。

Introduction:In a world brimming with diverse customs and traditions, the drinking cultures of China and Britain stand out as notable examples. While both nations enjoy their libations, the manner in which they approach alcohol consumption reflects distinct societal values, historical influences, and cultural norms. This essay endeavors to compare and contrast the drinking cultures of China and Britain, shedding light on their unique characteristics and underlying meanings.Historical Context:To comprehend the contemporary drinking cultures of China and Britain, it is essential to delve into theirhistorical roots. In China, the tradition of alcohol consumption dates back thousands of years, intertwined with ancient rituals, philosophical beliefs, and social customs. From the ceremonial libations of the Zhou dynasty to the refined art of tea-infused liquors during the Tang dynasty, alcohol has played a multifaceted role in Chinese society, symbolizing hospitality, celebration, and communal harmony.In contrast, the drinking culture of Britain has been shaped by a blend of indigenous traditions and external influences. The introduction of beer by the Celts and the subsequent Roman occupation laid the foundation for a rich brewing heritage, which evolved over the centuries to include a diverse array of beverages, from ales and stouts to gins and whiskies. The pub culture, deeply ingrained in British society, serves as a focal point for social interaction, camaraderie, and conviviality.Social Dynamics:The social dynamics surrounding alcohol consumption differ significantly between China and Britain. In China,the act of drinking is often imbued with symbolic significance, reflecting hierarchical relationships, filial piety, and group cohesion. The tradition of toasting, known as "ganbei," underscores the importance of solidarity and mutual respect, as individuals raise their glasses to honor one another and affirm collective bonds.In contrast, the British approach to drinking is characterized by a more informal and egalitarian ethos, epitomized by the convivial atmosphere of pubs and taverns. Here, patrons from all walks of life gather to unwind, engage in lively conversation, and partake in communalrituals such as buying rounds of drinks. The pub serves asa democratic space where social barriers are often blurred, fostering a sense of inclusivity and camaraderie among its patrons.Cultural Significance:Beyond its social dimensions, the drinking culture of each nation carries profound cultural significance,reflecting broader values, norms, and aspirations. In China,alcohol is intricately linked to concepts of harmony, balance, and hospitality, as exemplified by the elaborate banquets of traditional Chinese cuisine, where the servingof fine wines and spirits signifies generosity and goodwill. Moreover, certain alcoholic beverages, such as baijiu, hold special cultural status, symbolizing prosperity, auspiciousness, and ritual purity.Similarly, in Britain, the consumption of alcohol is intertwined with notions of conviviality, sociability, and conviviality. The pub, as a quintessential institution of British life, embodies the ideals of community, fellowship, and collective identity. Moreover, British spirits such as gin and whisky have attained global renown, not only for their distinctive flavors but also for their cultural resonance, evoking images of misty moors, roaring fires,and convivial gatherings.Conclusion:In conclusion, the drinking cultures of China andBritain offer fascinating insights into the complexities ofhuman sociality, cultural expression, and historical continuity. While both nations share a deep appreciation for alcoholic beverages, their respective approaches to drinking reflect unique historical legacies, social dynamics, and cultural values. By examining these differences and similarities, we gain a deeper understanding of the diverse ways in which alcohol shapes and reflects the societies in which we live.。

中西方酒文化对比（共5篇）第一篇：中西方酒文化对比中西方酒文化的对比摘要：“酒”是一个国家历史发展和文化沉淀过程中不可缺少的一环，无论是其制作过程还是饮用习惯都与该国家的文化价值观紧密相连。

中西方文化价值观存在着根本性的差异，酒文化也是一样。

本文通过对中西方酒文化所涉及的几个方面，进一步阐述中西方酒文化的差异，使读者对这些差异的理解更加清楚明确关键词：酒文化；中国；西方；文化；差异引言酒是一种艺术，它以其水的外形，火的性格，渗透在人类生活的每一个角落、人类文化的每一个方面。

它在世界文化中也有着惊人的相似之处。

在文学和艺术的领域，酒的精神无处不在，并且深深影响着文学人士在各方面的造诣，是自由，艺术和美丽相结合。

毫无疑问，酒在中国人的生活和文化中占据了重要的位置。

在西方，谨慎与热情的冲突贯穿于西方的历史，正如美国人对于酒的敬仰。

西方浪漫主义哲学也由此产生。

在美国东部，酒文化对浪漫主义产生很大的影响，尽管浪漫主义没有太多理论上的哲学立据，但是他们主张要随时保持现实的态度。

1.1中国酒文化 1.1.1祭祀与酒由于酒是一种特殊的饮料，它能使人兴奋，使人麻醉，饮酒就成为有别于其他饮食行为的特殊行为。

饮酒行为必然受到政治、经济、习俗、道德等特定条件的制约，并表现出人类精神活动的特点，如风俗习惯、伦理道德、审美情趣等。

因此，酒文化现象往往是人类精神生活的反映。

酒文化的产生与发展，受到许多因素的影响，是一个历史的过程。

如农业发展在酒文化演进中的基础作用、科技进步对酿酒工艺的促进、手工业发展对酒具质地和形成的制约、自然地理条件对酿酒业的微妙作用等等，都反映出酒文化是人类历史的一部分，它受到其他文化的影响，并与它们相互交融。

人类对神的信仰，也显示了对神灵所代表的自然力的崇拜。

祭祀，是人们向神祗祈福求做的重大仪式。

随着社会的发展和文明的进步，祭祀的政治意义日益加强，帝王的祭祀仪式作为朝廷大典。

成为国家重要政治活动。

不论是郊祀，还是宗庙里德祭祀，都是王朝的的大事，礼仪十分隆重。

关于中英酒文化差别的作文英语The cultural differences between Chinese and English wine culture are quite evident in various aspects. Firstly, in terms of historical development, the wine culture in China dates back to at least 2,000 years, with the production of wine having a long-standing tradition. On the other hand, the origins of wine culture in England can be traced back to the Roman times, but it wasn’t until the Medieval period that it began to gain prominence.Secondly, the consumption habits and preferences differ significantly between the two cultures. In China, wine is often enjoyed during elaborate banquets and formal occasions, where toasting and the exchange of wine are considered important social rituals. In contrast, in England, wine is more commonly consumed in a casual setting, such as at dinner parties or social gatherings.Furthermore, there are considerable differences in the types of wine preferred in each culture. Chinese consumerstend to favor red wine, particularly those with a higher alcohol content. Meanwhile, English consumers have a preference for a wider variety of wines, including red, white, rosé, and sparkling wines.Additionally, the etiquette and customs associated with wine consumption also vary between the two cultures. For example, in China, it is customary to pour wine for others before serving oneself, and the order in which people are served is based on their seniority or social status. On the other hand, in England, there are fewer formalities surrounding wine consumption, with a focus on simply enjoying the drink in a relaxed manner.Moreover, the production and marketing of wine differ between the two cultures. Chinese wine production is characterized by the use of traditional methods and thecultivation of native grape varieties. In contrast, English wine production has seen a resurgence in recent years, with an emphasis on modern techniques and the cultivation of grape varieties such as Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Bacchus.In conclusion, the differences between Chinese and English wine culture are apparent in various aspects, including historical development, consumption habits, preferences, etiquette, and production. Understanding and appreciating these cultural distinctions can provide insight into the unique traditions and values associated with wine in each respective culture.。

中西方酒文化的差异__英语论文2第一篇：中西方酒文化的差异__英语论文 2Similarities and Differences between Chinese and Western XXX中西XXX比较姓名张XX学号083000班级08商务2班院系经管学院The differences between china and the west in wine culture Major: Business EnglishClass: TwoName: LiFeiTutor: Ma TingtingAbstractThis paper gives a whole introduction about the differences between China and the west in wine culture.From the comparison of wine culture in the West, we can find that the difference between the culture of wine is actually a way of thinking in the West differences.Whether China is the booze or the West tasting, wine culture can all hope that the next time a relatively more and better wine, wine culture can be developed and inheritance, so that more people understand the culture of wine, Enjoy the wine culture!I am the principal of Liquor comparison of Chinese and Western culture, and focus on understanding the culture of winein China history of the development.Key words: wine culture;differences;China;the west1.The history of wine cultureIt is well-known to us that China's wine culture has 5000 years of history, has a long history of wine in our wine culture, the development of long-term process, making many as the “Shen Pin” 'Qiongjiang “wine treasures.China is ahead of the world's ancient civilizations, is the home of wine.China five thousand years of history, wine and liquor culture always occupies an important place.Wine is a special kind of food that belong to the material, but also with people's spiritual life.As a special kind of cultural forms , wine culture has a unique position in traditional Chinese cultural.I think in a different cultural background and different walks of life, different people, and even different frame of mind which was to understand the extent of different ways.For Chinese and Western culture, a different understanding of wine, the key is to make the best wine culture development, better for our services, which require the integration of Chinese and Western cultures of wine.Today, the West's wine culture to a large extent, the impact of China's wine culture, particularly in the tasting the mood in the West tend to be more, can hope to make more Westerners to understand China's fine tradition of wine culture.Talking about China's fine tradition of wine culture, wine and poetry had mentioned the close relationship between the poetry of wine is given a new interpretation of the source of origin so that the culture of wine in a long, and is deeply rooted.From ancient times people do not know the number of Jie Jiu literati ink to write a good poem passed down until today, to express his or hi or bad feelings, a lot of people describe the beauty away.Now I would like to saysomething about China-made wine, it is very famous in the world.China-made wine dates back to ancient times, variety, meta, the renowned wines.Rice wine is the world's oldest wine, about three thousand years ago, the era of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Chinese original, Koji penthouse fermentation began a large number of wine.About a thousand years ago, the Chinese Song dynasty who invented the Distiller, liquor law, became the main Chinese people to drink alcohol.Wine penetration to the entire China five thousand years of civilization, history, literary and artistic creation and cultural entertainment to diet cooking, health care, and other aspects of Chinese life in occupies an important position.As far as my knowledge is concerned, wine is one of the oldest food, it is almost history and the history of human culture began.Since the wine appear, as a matter of culture, wine, its history and economic history of synchronization, but wine is not only a kind of food, it also has a spiritual and cultural value.As a spiritual culture it is reflected in the social and political life, literary arts and even people's attitude towards life, aesthetics, and many other aspects.In this sense, the drink is not just drinking and drinking, it has also been drinking culture.The differences between China and the west in wine culture2.1 The differences in the kinds of wineChina's wine culture springs from a long, though undoubtedly the longest history of wine, but the most representative of the Chinese wine than white wine, and in some ways can be said that China's wine culture, wine is wine culture.Because of the many wine types in China, she has a long history, mature technology, so far remains the world's largest production of distilled liquor.Chinese civilization in the YellowRiver basin, where the fertile soil, mild climate, long a major agricultural country, China as early as ten thousand years ago, with the West Asia, Central America became the world's first three agricultural centers.China's grain output large grains and cereals, varieties, food consumption in the function to meet people, as well as surplus, which laid the foundation for food wine.Known as the cradle of Western civilization has been located in the Balkans, Greece, surrounded by the sea, mountains and islands throughout the territory, the soil is relatively poor, is a typical Mediterranean climate.It is not conducive to the growth of food crops, cereal crops, low yields, only to meet the food, it is difficult to have a surplus wine.The grapes prefer gravel soil, with its drought tolerance and adaptability to the Mediterranean climate and widely cultivated in Greece, wine to meet the needs of Westerners on alcohol.2.2 The differences in wine glasses Ancient Chinese bronze ware drinking vezits beautiful and decorative images.And the most ancient wine is completed, the most typical is Shang bronze.Bronze vessels in heated debates, decanter, drinking, wine storage, ritual.Just like the tea ter, lacquer ware, porcelain, the above pattern is also very attractive.There are some very unusual drinking vessels, such as: ye guangbei, backflow pot, Mandarin Duck fragrant pot, pot, Kowloon fair of blasphemy against the Grand jade sea etc.But now, most households use of wine are Westen wine.In order to observe the grade level of the wine, Western wine are glass, transparent.Western wine lightweight convenience, are to be accepted by most of the Chinese family.Westerners to drink wine application what wine.So they have wine glasses, wine glasses, wine glass for red wine, brandy, etc.In the wine glass in two-party differences larger.While Western wine now represent a clearadvantage.China's traditional drinking vessels in general are now very rare in the family.2.3 The differences between drinking etiquette China's ceremonial drinking of alcohol reflects the respect for human beings.Masters of the guests have a fixed seat, have a fixed order of toast.When a toast from the beginning of the master King, owner of disrespect End, is not eligible for other people's respect, if the order of the chaos to deserve to be punished.And a toast from some of the most distinguished guests began to King, a toast to wine full time, that the toast was also a respect for human beings.The younger generation of elders, the lower a toast to the higher authorities to take the initiative to propose a toast, but also pay attention to the first King to do.The Xing Jiuling, Hua Quan, such as drinking etiquette, but also to allow people to drink more alcohol and enjoy the came into being.It is clear that the Chinese wine culture by young and old hierarchy of traditional Chinese culture, ethics, in the course of drinking alcohol on the respect for human beings on the most important position.The rituals of wine drinking in the West, reflect the respect for alcohol.Kam goods to wine and watch their color, smell their fragrance, flavor of their products, to mobilize all kinds of sensory enjoyment of wine.Goods in order to drink, pay attention to drink white wine after drinking red wine, the first products of light and then liquor products of the rich wine, to drink young wine to drink in the long years of wine, in accordance with the laws of taste changes gradually and in-depth Enjoy the taste of wine.The wine's choice, but also around how to fight the full enjoyment of those who drink wine to the requirements of choice.Aroma Cup together so that the tulip-mouth goblet, so full of wine-Shu start of the wine decanter, as well as to master the temperature of wine and drink productsspecially designed for the thermometer, all in the West reflect on the respect for alcohol, and their Ceremonial drinking, drinking culture is better to appreciate the delicious have been made.2.4 The difference between drinking purposesIn China, wine is often used as a tool, the so-called ulterior motives.Qing meizhuiu as to demonstrate who is a hero;Cup Mo Jiang Jin jiu stop in order to eliminate forever the same and Seoul worry;bamboo Poets of the Seven Sages, in order to Jiejiu asylum.Wine in the eyes of the Chinese people more as a communication tool in China's wine culture of wine for their own lack of scientific and systematic analysis and evaluation, but also about drinking after he brought a wonderful role.In the West, often drinking purpose is very simple, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol, in order to enjoy the wine and alcohol.Of course, wine in the West also has the function of communication, but it's more pursuing is how much of the flavor of wine to enjoy.3．Some problems that we should pay attention to on the westen drinking 3.1 The way of holding wine glasses Many Westerners agree with such a view that we can determine whether a man knows wine, whether it is a quality person from the way he holding wine glasses.Here the following is a summary of several etiquette when drinking and I think its very important.In the westen restaurant, in order to let the guests indentify the quality of the wine , the waiter usually pour a little wine to the guests.What you have to do is take a sip and if you think there is no problem you should say good to the waiter and then the waiter will pour wine in order to help you, then you should put the wine glass down on the table instead of get hands on the wine glasses.In the Western liturgy, the correct way is to pour half of filling the cup(champagne can be filled two-thirds ofthe wine glass), please do not fill the wine cup as we Chinese do.When drinking brandy, please use your whole hand to wrap the bottom of the cup in order to keep the temperature of the wine and increase the aroma of wine.When drinking wine you should hold the feet of the wine glass with your fingers because the wine should be drink in a lower temperature.So as to avoid your hand increase the temperature of the wine temperature, your should let your thumb and middle finger and index finger holding the feet of the cup and keep your little finger on the bottom of the cup.When you are drinking a little jiggle have contact with air to add the wine tastes mellow of fierce, but don't shake the cup.in addition, a gulp, and drink the wine glass to see through glass, and took the words and drinking and eating, drinking and the lipstick mark in the cup edge is considered improper behavior.When you are holding the cup please ensure that your elbows keep distance with the table.That is very important.3.2 Some drinking tips The most suitable temperature for drinking wine is 16 ~ 18 ℃, and the best temperature for drinking white wine is 8 ~ 12 ℃.White wine can be drink with ice, do not add anything when drink red wine.But when someone is drinking red wine, they usually like to add other drinks as color and so on, this is a very rude way I think.If your wine is which the kind of kept in a special cellar for many years in the wine sommelier then you should be cautious, or wine may be return to the bottom of the bottle back from Pingzui or blistering, and bottom of the sediment stirred up due to ”backlash“.And the bottle of wine should not be empty, please leave about an inch deep to the wine, because they may have a little reception for cloudy precipitate.In the Western table, you can toast, but do not persuade others to drink more like we Chinese usually do.Andplease ensure that you have an excessive drinking, and if you are a visitor three cups of wine will be suitable.If you do not want to drink because of some physical problems, you can politely say: ”I do not drink, thank you.“ Please pay attention to that your hand should not cover the cup.Finally, let me talk about the problem that whether we should have a cold drink with red wine.Europeans generally believe that only white wine needs cold beverages, when drinking red wine, the room temperature is suitable.A national wine-tasting expert stated that probably because of the different geographical and cultural backgrounds and they lead to people misunderstanding.The average temperature in Europe is about 15 ~ 18 ℃ or so.Moreover, only the possession of alcohol possession of the French underground wine cellar in their own place in the relatively cool, the general temperature is 12 ℃.Although the temperatu re difference between winter and summer, but there is no effect on the wine quality.In China, most of the summer temperature usually reaches 30 ℃.The so-called 15 ~ 18 ℃ temperature is also limited to the best Bordeaux and Burgundy wine flavors in terms of heavy, other than a light red wine in terms of taste, Maybe it tastes better a little cold again.This wine-tasting expert had drunk the wine in the hot sun under the irradiation of the so-called ”room temperature“ wine, he said: ”These 'hot wine' than 'ho t beer', but also very hard to swallow."And thus he has given such an advice: we do not have too rigidly about the wine temperature, if we feel not well with the wine temperature, wine, cool as ice bucket can be placed.In short, just choose what you like.4.ConclusionFrom what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that wine plays an important in our dailylife.People’s life becomes colorful with it.As regards the wine culture, there exists difference between China and the western countries.The raw material and drinking custom is different in terms of geography.There also exist similarities.Both China and western countries have some beautiful legends about the origin of wine and the symbol wine of spirit, leading to the birth of romanticism and the development of mainstream belief.The development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations.Thus, communicating with other nations is helpful and indispensable to the development of wine culture.Some methods can be done to promote intercommunication.Nowadays, as we know, globalization is inevitable, so is the intercommunication of wine culture between countries.The wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water but it has the character of fire.It will brighten the bright and fool the fool.People, such as the emperors, the heroes, the liberators, the ordinary people, the beggars and the like, all like it since it appeared.Undoubtedly, the wine can be said as a riddle.People no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine.They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life There is no doubt that the wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine.With the rapid development of science and technology ,more and more people believe that wine culture is playing an important role in our life.While we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture.It is generally acknowledged that China is far away from the western countries.As a result, the way to drink is different.Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way todrink.There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists.For example, both China and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine.The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture.While wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being.In order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.References [1]陈少华．独领风骚的中国酒文化[J]．科学中国人，1999，(2)：45—48．[2]吴粤汕，战吉成．中西方葡萄酒文化的差异与融合[J]．中国食品，2006，14：44．[3]秦晖．现代公民如何弘扬“汉语文化”IN]．南方周末，2007-01—25 [5]王祥云.中西方传统文化比较[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,2007(9).[6]徐行言.中西文化比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004(9).[7]中西方文化差距比较[13]康明官，2003，《酒文化问答》。

中文摘要酒在人类文化的历史长河中，它不但是一种客观的物质存在，而且是一种文化象征，“酒”作为一个既传承历史又通向未来的道具是一个值得我们认真研究的课题，进行中西方酒文化的差异研究对中西交流交往有很大的帮助。

本篇论文首先对中国酒文化和西方酒文化做了总体上的介绍，接着从浅层方面和深层方面对中西方酒文化的差异进行了比较。

中西酒文化的差异反映出中西方人不同的精神追求和价值观念，探析中西方的酒文化有助于中外人民更好地进行交流沟通。

关键词：中国酒文化，西方酒文化，差异比较，文化交流ABSTRACTWine is not only an objective substance but also a symbol of culture. Wine, which develops the history and conducts to the future, is worthy to be researched. Doing a research on wine culture between China and the West is useful to mutual communication. This thesis firstly makes a general introduction of China’s wine culture and the western culture, and then makes the difference of wine culture between them from the superficial aspect and the profound aspect. The differences of wine culture reflect that different spiritual pursuits and values exist in China and the western countries. Analyzing wine culture among different countries is beneficial to a better communication in the future.Key words: Chinese wine culture, the western wine culture, comparison and contrast, culture communication。

On Differences of Spirits Culture Between Western and China中国作为酒的原产地，有着悠久的饮酒历史。

在我国广大地区，酒早已成为生活的必需品。

藏语有云：“宁可三日无粮，不可一日无酒。

”17世纪酒传入英国，自此酒不仅仅是中国人喜爱的饮品，更成为英国人民的心头之好。

英国出现的酒，不仅使得喝酒在英国更加流行，酒成为了影响至今的重要日常活动，而且极大地丰富了世界酒文化。

中国人和英国人对酒喝都有着相同的喜爱之情，而又由于各自文化背景的不同，在酒文化上有着差别，在酒文化文化上自然也有差距。

因此，对中英酒文化文化的研究会在促进中英双方理解上起到积极作用。

通过研究中国的饮酒文化文化与英国饮酒文化文化的相同之处与不同之处来增进我们对于英国酒文化与中国酒文化的关系的了解。

本文对中英两国的饮酒文化进行对比。

通过介绍中英饮酒的历史及关联，和对中英两国在泡酒、奉酒、饮酒等方面的文化的叙述及分析，对中英酒文化文化进行对比，得出中英酒文化的同异之处，并呼吁理解不同的文化，尊重彼此的差异。

通过这篇中英酒文化文化的对比研究的论文的写作，使自己对英国酒的文化文化有更深的了解，并使他人对本国的饮酒文化产生重视的心情。

关键词:异同；中国酒文化；英国酒文化AbstractAs the cradleland of spirit tree, China has a long history in spirit culture. In China, spirit has become the essential part of people’s life. There is a proverb in Tibet “better have no food for 3 days than without spirit for one day”. Since 17th century when wine has been introduced into the Western, spirit became one of the favorite beverages of Western people. wine which came into being, made wine-drinking more popular among Western. And wine not only has an effect on modern people’s daily life, but also enriches the world wine culture. Chinese and Western both are drinking lovers. However, because of differences in culture and background, Chinese and Western spirit and wine cultures and spirit culture culture have some differences. Therefore, the comparative study of spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western spirit and wine cultures will have a positive effect on people of two countries to understand each other, and improve our understanding on Chinese and Western spirit and wine cultures by studying the differences and similarities of spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western.This paper will give a comparison on spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western cultures. This paper consists of a brief introduction of Chinese and Western’s spirit and wine history, an analysis of spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western spirit culture, and comparison of the differences and similarities between Chinese and Western spirit and wine culture. This paper aims at appealing to people to understand differences in different cultures, and respect these differences. In addition, we wish to have a better understanding on Western spirit culture and pay attention to our spirit culture by writing this paper.Key Words: similarities and differences; Chinese spirit culture culture; Western wine-drinking culture1. IntroductionWhen we talk about spirit and wine, we will think about two countries. China is the hometown of spirit, and Western is famous for its wine. As we all know, spirit was first discovered in China more than 4000 years ago, and spread into the west in 16th century, since then it has been beloved by people both in the east and west. Today, spirit is regarded as the most healthy, natural and popular drink in the world. Because of Chinese and Western different cultures, there are differences in spirit and wine culture between the two countries. In order to know the differences, the comparative study is necessary, and spirit and wine culture is an important part of the study. The Western is the country which loved wine most in the west. And just like Chinese people, Western people have some wine-drinking ceremonies when they drink wine. This paper will focus on the differences and similarities of spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western spirit cultures by analyzing some spirit culture examples in two countries. There are four parts in this paper. The first part consists of a brief introduction of Chinese and the Western’s wine-drinking history and the relationship between two countries’ culture. The second and third parts are analyses of spirit and wine culture in Chinese and Western spirit cultures. And the last part is about the comparison of the differences and similarities between Chinese and Western spirit and wine culture and emphasizes the importance of spirit and wine culture.2.Introduction of Spirits Etiquette Between Western and China2.1. Spirits Etiquette in ChinaAs we all know, China is the hometown of spirit. It is the Chinese who first understood the function of spirit, planted spirit and made spirit. The earliest documents which recorded about spirit are two books written during the Qin dynasty and Han dynasty, named 《神农本草经》and 《尔雅》, and the Chinese character "酒" first appeared in 《神农本草经》. It is said that about 4000 years ago, the first person who found spirit is Shennong, the herbal medicine master of ancient China. One day he ate a kind of poisonous herbal medicine, and fell ill. When he took a break under a tree, he smelled something and felt better. Then he ate the leaf of thetree, and his sickness had passed off. Since then Chinese people began to drink spirit (Feng, 2001: 1-2). At the beginning, the ancient Chinese regarded spirit culture as a kind of method to treat diseases. They eat the leaf without water, with the time going on, they put the leaf into the water. Through constant practices, people find that spirit is not only a kind of good medicine to prevent and cure diseases, but also a sort of healthy beverage to relieve pressure and promote the production of body fluid. According to 《吴志·韦曜传》, people make a deduction that Chinese people began to take spirit as a kind of beverage in Three Kingdoms Period. Since then spirit-dinking becomes popular throughout China (Yao, 2004: 35-36).2.2 Spirits Etiquette in WesternIt is said that wine was first introduced into the west in 1567, by two people from Kozacy, who brought wine into the Russia. And then wine spread into other west countries. The English people began to drink wine in 17th century (Feng, 2001: 295). Since 1600 the Western started the business of wine, but they brought wine from Japan and other countries rather than from China. In 1644, English people founded an agency in AMoy to do business of wine sale. And it is Western royalty who made wine-drinking popular in Western. People called the princess of Portugal Catherine, who married Charles II --the king of United Kingdom-- in 1661, the “Queen of wine”, because she started the age of wine-drinking in Western royalty. Princess Catherine came to Western with 221 pounds black wine and exquisite Chinese wine sets. Nobilities in Western followed the lead of Queen, and set up many luxurious wine rooms. In 17th century, women were not allowed to enter wine shop. However, woman was the impetus of tendency that wine, taking the place of wine, became the English people’s daily drink. As a consequence of it, their status in society and home rose. Meanwhile, wine-drinking was widely accepted by English people. As time went on, wine played a more and more important role in Western people’s daily life. Because Western is surrounded by the sea and the weather is cold and wet, wine leaf is easy to go moldy and green wine goes bad easily, English people prefer to drink black wine which is completely fermented wine and easy to store (Le, 2011: 122).3. Differences in Cultural Roles of Spirits Etiquette Between Western and ChinaBecause of being living in different cultures, there is still a large scale of similarities in Chinese spirit culture and Western spirit culture. The main reasons for this is that the various needs can be met by holding different spirit culture. The similarities in the functions of spirit culture and the origins of spirit culture do a favor to find out the shared parts among different cultures.3.1. Differences in Spirit-drinking MannersBefore Ming dynasty, people usually made spirit as a spirit brick. It is the first emperor of Ming dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang who gave the order of abolishing making spirit brick and make spirit with bulk spirit. Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to reduce labor in spirit-making, he gave the abolition. And the abolition made a revolution in spirit-making. What’s more, the way to make spirit was also changed after the abolition. The development of bulk spirit and the easier way of making spirit simplified spirit set people used. However, people paid more attention to spirit pot. Agreeably to people’s request, spirit pot at that time became more delicate and many exotic shaped spirit pots appeared (Feng, 2001: 175). Dark-red enameled pottery was the main kind of spirit pot people used to make spirit and it firstly made by an unknown shaman, and as the way of making spirit changed, it has a great development at that time. In the book 《蝶阶外史·工夫酒》written by Jiquan，there is a sentence “壶皆宜兴砂质”(Ji，2012). In South Fujian and Chaozhou the way people used dark-red enameled pottery to made oolong spirit was called “Gongfu spirit art”, which took time and efforts and the abolition improved it. It had a significant effect on spirit culture culture since then. spirit culture culture in was established from the period of time.First of all, take care of the environment for spirit culture. In Chinese people's opinion, spirit culture is an important and elegant thing among refined scholars and royalty members, and people like to think over many things during spirit culture time. And in China, people regard spirit culture as an important part when entertaining theircompanies. Therefore, the environment is an important part for spirit culture. In order to taste a cup of spirit, people always select a quiet place, which can makes people calm down. To those refined scholars and royalty members, spirit culture is a serious thing. Secondly, strict progress of making a cup of spirit. China is called the state of ceremonies. Therefore, every step of making spirit is important, especially, making spirit for refined scholars and royalty members. Every step of making a cup of spirit will affect the taste of spirit, thus any mistakes are not allowed when making spirit for them. They not only taste spirit, but also enjoy the progress of making spirit. Thirdly, there is no need preparing refreshments for spirit culture. Refreshments are not essential part for spirit culture in China. Generally speaking, Chinese used to drink spirit without any refreshments no matter the person has a guest or not. In ancient China, when people talked, they used to drink spirit only, without eating anything. Therefore, refreshments are not necessary.When it comes to wine-drinking in Western, people will think about afternoon wine. Although Western people have many wine times, such as early morning wine, morning wine break, high wine, after-dinner wine, afternoon wine is the most important wine-time in a whole day., afternoon wine is popular among Western society. As a country known by being gentle, there are some wine-drinking ceremonies when they have afternoon wine. In this party, I will focus on wine-drinking culture in afternoon wine in Western wine culture. Free and relax is the two obvious character of western culture. They do not take everything into consideration, what they want to do in some spirit culture is get fun from it. In the Fool’s day, everyone try as possible as they can to make a joke on others, at the same time, the “victims” will never angry at the “suspect”. They enjoy the moment when someone can get enjoy from themselves. The awareness of playing is the root for them to show their humor attitude no matter how tough situation they will go to.3.2. Differences in Social FunctionsIt is well known to everyone that festival is one of the most effective carriers to show the highlights of a culture. It is the direct expression for a culture. In the meantime,there are a lot of differences between Chinese and Western culture. Therefore, there are also many differences in Chinese and Western spirit culture. Being the impact of the large number of people in our country, even we are rich in all kinds of resources, we can only own little per person, so the first work is survive in the high fierce competition, the fulfillment of eating and drinking is the first requirement for them to do other necessary work. So in spirit culture, creating all possibilities to have a good eating and drinking has accounted for every space in their mind. Eating and drinking what they can is the best choice in traditional culture of China.It is undebatably that spirit has become an extremely part of Chinese people and Western people’s life, and there are many differences and similarities between Chinese and Western cultures. There are many proverbs about spirit in China, such as "开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋酒", "宁可一日无粮，不可一日无酒" and "早酒一盅，一天威风". And English people also have phrases connect with spirit, such as somebody's cup of spirit, a storm in a spirit cup and a spirit hound. We can learn from these proverbs that both Chinese and Western people focus on spirit-drinking with great passion. As an important part of spirit-drinking, people also emphasize spirit-drinking culture. There are some proverbs for spirit-drinking culture in China, such as "客来敬酒", "客到酒烟起", "酒七饭八酒加倍" and so on. And Western people have wine with so many spirit-drinking culture, they even sequenced how to eat spirit refreshments. Every part of wine must be prepared with great care. Whatever drinking spirit alone or with other people, drinking a cup of spirit with right culture is important for the Chinese. Securing a quiet and comfortable space, serving and drinking spirit by yourself can help allay tiredness, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. And doing right during spirit party can contribute to producing a good environment for spirit-drinking. Doing proper spirit-drinking culture is an educated manner and at the same time can give other persons a kind of visual enjoyment and sensuous pleasure and treat.Entertainment is greeting. And observe the host greeting etiquette is very important. For example, the Western greeting tends to be informal and friendly. In the UnitedStates, both men and women have to shake hands in meeting and parting, between familiar women even between men and women, a hug or kiss is the right cheek. They often call each other's name, but only on formal occasions or to the elders except. In Saudi Arabia, meet is more intimate -- not only to frequent thin close, but off the reel; and men often hug, kiss each other on the cheek. Visible, the different cultural meeting etiquette is so different, so before the meeting to host meeting etiquette has the profound understanding and the understanding, will avoid in actual meeting because of cultural differences and the embarrassment and misunderstanding. Cultural differences have a significant influence in entertainment without any surprise. It can be commonly found that many staff in a Chinese company still think that a grand banquet is the best etiquette for forming a better business relationship. There will be a high quality dinner waiting for potential partners when they just arrive. Fulfillment of mentality is the prerequisite for the nicely done on business. Too much attention has been given to entertainment which account for too many resources to do other obliging things. When there are some economic conflicts during the business negotiation, some entertainment activities is the best solution for it. In Chinese opinion, the agreement can be easily conducted in a joyous environment. As to Westerners, there is no doubt that entertainments also account for a very prominent position in business, but the other aspects of business negotiation additionally account for an equally significant role. Every detail is paid huge importance. As we all know, there are a variety of entertainment activities in Western culture. But these kinds of activities are not dispensable for a business negotiation. They play a role of extra bonus, which can be very useful to reflect their opinion during the business negotiation. Entertainment activities can be easily held to remember the special business activities. The faultless in every detail is the indispensable factor. The earlier development of the market economy makes the possibilities for the better performance of Western companies. That's the main reason why Western companies have a large scale of benefits.3.3. Differences in Cultural SignificanceEven the traditional Chinese and western spirit culture is the consequence of their own special culture, but there are still lots of similarities they share in many aspects. It is the good chance for them to finish what they have pursuit for a long time. The most typical example in Chinese and Western countries is Saint Valentines’ Day and Double-Seventh Day. Because the special meaning they have in love, they are willing to show their heart to their lover in this special day. The female are also very fond of being send rose by others. There are also lots of parties or gatherings opened for different purpose in western countries and Chinese. Maybe the different style they have, but the core spirit of these activities is to show their pursuit for a happy and bliss life. Everyone has their own resolution for the next phase. They still remember what they have achieved in the past, meanwhile, be motivation and passionate for the unknown things in the future. The family reunion is the essential factor of spirit culture; it is one of the shared similarities between Chinese culture and Western culture. With the rapid development of modern economy, every cell of society are busying with their own business to do, it is very hard to spare their attention to others’ business. The spirit culture are an excellent reason or excuse for family members get together. Because of unique characters of some important spirit culture, family members have to put their work aside which makes possibilities for family reunion. Because there are fewer chances for people to get together and put their work aside, but the festival have this kind of magic to make the possibilities for this events. Due to the influence of traditional concept, people have to do something together even they have on idea about it at all.We can see that people who are more interested in Western spirit culture are mostly young groups, especially the teenager. They are more willing to accept new things, and what they study lead them to learn and imitate. First, there are more and more people try to learn English now, and it’s a goo d way to understand Western culture. Secondly many Chinese students don’t know Chinese spirit culture be⁃cause the textbook seldom tell how the spirit culture come. So it’s strange that many students know what a Western festival mean, but they don’t know w hat they should do duringsome Chinese spirit culture. Every year, different kinds of advertisement and propaganda appear everywhere. When get into a supermarket, we will find many goods related to spirit culture are set in a prominent position of the store, and many things such as chocolate, flowers and so on are on sale. Walking on the street, we can see many Christmas trees standing or some propaganda for Mother ’s Day in front of the hotels or restaurants. In this way, the spirit culture become popular on one hand, the seller earn enough money on the other hand.Spirit and wine are important goods in the world either in the ancient time or today. Before the Tang dynasty, Chinese spirit was exported by land and sea, it was treated as an export product for over thousand year. Chinese spirit—like Chinese silk and china—has become synonymous worldwide with refined culture. Nowadays, spirit is a popular commodity. People buy it as a gift, and it is necessary for Chinese people to treat their guests. With the popularity of spirit, producers pay more attention to promote the quality of spirit. The high-quality spirit is a symbol of the hosts’ social position. wine plays a large role in westerners’ life. wine is often mentioned as one of the main economic goods used in imperial control of trade, and with colonized trade patterns in “goods” such as slaves, wine, and sugar in the history. The colonizer exported wine to the colony and winehouse mushroomed all over the world since the 17th century. Especially in the Europe, such as Paris, people enjoy wine in winehouse which is along the road, the lake and even in the outside. And nowadays people can cook wine by themselves or buy the instant wine, which is very convenient. In 1991 the Gulf war break out, French also took part in the war. The France worried the war would affect commodity supply. They ran to the supermarket to store some materials. It even broadcasted on TV. When the camera took the customers, they found people took much wine and sugar unexpectedly. It had become a big joke at that time. This shows wine dominates the market and people’s life.4.Suggestions for Differences in Spirit Culture Between China and WesternWhen there is a kind of question, there is a possibility to figure out some solutions for questions. So does business negotiation, there is still voluminous effective method which can guarantee the success in business doing. The proper selection of strategies can promote the business transaction with fewer resources and money.4.1 Insight and Comprehensive ResearchesFor different environment, people will have different reactions. It is human to adapt an ability to survive. To strengthen the cross-cultural communication means must have corresponding practice. The first must be familiar with the cultural background of the living environment, to prepare for the second step; the second is to simulate the real situation. First, the artificial manufacture another culture environment, and then let the trainee practice previously learned and familiar with the content; ability in the simulation environment of middle school will solve all kinds of problems. At the stage of pre-business negotiation, the insight and comprehensive researches can be very useful. There are plenty of things to do for a better preparation. It will mean to be a failure if stakeholders know nothing about the background information. The purpose of intercultural business negotiation is making the products be broadly accepted by customers. Be thoroughly acquainted with customer preference is a comprehensive matter, it is essential to take the environmental factor into consideration. The reason for this is that some words with palpable regional limitation cannot frequently appear in their everyday life, and it might cause some difficulties in understanding. Of course, taking the economic development level into consideration is very necessary as well. In developed regions, the price does not account for so eminent status when people have a selection, but in the less developed or the poverty region, it means everything. In different fields of industry, there are some items minimally used in some special field, it cannot be mixed use.In the meantime, be familiar with the products' personalities and outstayed the most extraordinary benefits. In intercultural business negotiation, it is easy to encounter with some matters with their own distinct meaning in politics. If the stakeholders cannot deal with it very effectively, it will create bigger problems beyond commercialfields. So the unambiguous understanding about the related political and economic system is very important. Every country has its own unique history. Some electoral matter is not solely related to current events, but also the historical events.4.2 Attaching Importance to Cultural DifferencesValue is a part of culture in the most deep, it dominates people's beliefs, attitudes and actions. He is relatively stable part of the culture, for the other values are by all means such as: languages, customs, habits, diet, acting style and so on, learn to summarize, ascending out of the total fuzzy concept. But it is not immutable, for themselves is not to their own values to judge others. Anthropologists, psychologists, communication experts for the values of long-term research: human values in some aspects, such as human nature, the relationship between man and nature, people's concept of time, the relationship between people. This “seeks common ground while reserving differences “is the best, to be more accepting of different culture, unde rstand and accept different values. In communication, language expression accounted for 80% and the way of thinking on human language, it has great effect on expression. Analysis about the correct way of thinking to the receiving party information is extremely important. I think by pragmatic rules, to the target language learning can be on the other side of the thinking mode has certain cognitive, similarities and differences on the basis of comparison of the native culture distinguish between two so as to improve the cultural sensitivity, break the inherent thinking cognition, and to accept each other 's thinking way to organize the exchange, so that more effective cross-cultural communication. Listening carefully is one of the effective methods during the business negotiation. Listening carefully is not only the basic requirements for business negotiation, but also enormously influential to communication between human beings. The words are the simplest thing for communication, but the emotional hide inside it is the indispensable for communication. The stakeholders should give a perfect prediction according to other's opinion. It will be very terrible if participators cannot catch the feeling hides inside it. The resonance between two separate parties is the best solution which can build a solid foundation for further cooperation between them. Whenguests speak out their specified needs, the participators should follow what they are talking about not expressing the divergent opinion about the complaints no matter they are right or wrong. Listening carefully is the prerequisite for the next step to have a productive solution.Try "role exchange" method when necessary. It is very easy to work out the psychology of additional parties, but it is hard to make it when put it in reality. The method of role exchange can be a very helpful way to give a solution for complaints. Role exchanging let people consider the issue from different angles by putting themselves in an equal position. The method of role exchange can help the worker building a better understanding about the anxious psychology, so they can be more patient in this process by considering the analogous situation they will be in the future. Making a record is dispensable course when dealing with negotiation, but many stakeholders do not realize its importance. Making a record is very necessary to deal with every matter. It is not easy to remember everything to speak out by others. Making a record according to their idea is especially vital at the same time. Making a record of time, details and the specified problems can be the data for further cooperation. Making a record is not a very effective way to relieve the dissatisfied feeling, but also an imaginative basis for the subsequent solving process. Nevertheless, the fundamental point is distinguishing the core meaning in the communication. Making a record can be considered as note to remind the employee not forget the core point in negotiation. This is a very convincing evidence for the attitude of the company. In addition, it is also a very effective way to re-think the related matters which can make the possibilities to figure out the solution about the matters.5.Conclusionspirit and wine culture plays an important role both in Chinese culture and Western culture. Although there are a lot of differences between Chinese culture and the Western culture, there are also many similarities between two countries’ cultures. No matter the differences or similarities, spirit or wine-drinking is a main event in both countries., the royalty of both countries paid a special attention on spirit or。

中西方酒文化比较（含五篇）第一篇：中西方酒文化比较xx学院学年论文论文题目：中西方酒文化比较系别：班级：姓名：指导教师：2014年7月 Comparison of the Wine Culture betweenChina and the West中西方酒文化比较摘要酒是人类生活中的主要饮料之一。

在人类文化的历史长河中，它不仅是一种客观的物质存在，而且是一种文化象征，即酒神精神的象征。

酒文化源远流长，品种繁多，是一个国家历史发展和文化沉淀过程中不可缺少的一环。

中西方文化价值观存在着根本性的差异，酒文化也是一样。

本文通过比较中西方酒的源头、酿酒原料与酒的种类的差异，酒器，饮酒礼俗和饮酒目的等方面的不同来分析和比较中西方酒文化差异，从而进一步阐述中西方文化差异，特别是价值观方面的差异。

最后是中西方酒文化的交流及发展趋势，展现了相互融合的一面。

关键词：中国西方酒文化比较Comparison of the Wine Culture betweenChina and the WestAbstract ’s daily life, in the long history of human culture, it is not only an objective physical existence but also a cultural symbol.That is the symbol of wine culture.Wine culture is long standing and well established.Wine culture is one of the irreplaceable parts of a country’s historic development andcultural sediment.Chinese and western values are basically different, and so is the wine culture.Though comparing the origin and the material and category of wine-making, drinking customs, the communicative functions and drinking culture between China and the West, this paper studies the differences between Chinese wine culture and the Western wine culture.Thus further to compare the difference between China and the western culture, especially the value.Key words: China the west wine culture comparison目录1引言................................................................1 2中西方酒文化的起源..................................................2 2.1中国酿酒的起源.................................................2 2.2西方国家酿酒的起源.............................................2 3中西方酒文化的差异..................................................3 3.1酿酒原料与酒的种类的差异 (3)3.1.1酿酒原料的差异...........................................3 3.1.2酒的种类的差异...........................................3 3.2酒器的差异............................................................3 3.3饮酒礼俗的差异........................................................4 3.4饮酒目的的差异........................................................4 4.中西方酒文化之间的交流及发展趋势....................................6 4.1中西方酒文化的交流.............................................6 4.2中西方酒文化交流的发展趋势. (6)5结语................................................................8 注释..................................................................9 参考文献. (10)XX 学院学年论文1引言文化是一个国家的灵魂，是一个民族凝聚力形成的关键，是落叶归根的根源。

课程论文（学术论文写作）Title: On the Difference between Chinese and Western Wine Culture题目: 浅析中西方酒文化差异二级学院：英语学院专业：英语班级：姓名：学号：授课教师：成绩：目录目录 (i)摘要 (I)Abstract ...................................................................................................................... I I1 Introduction (1)2 Different Origins of Wine (2)2.1 The Origin of Wine in China (2)2.2 The Origin of Wine in The West (2)2.3 Brief Summary (2)3 Different Preferences of Wine (3)4 Differences of Drinking Vessels (4)5 Drinking Etiquette (5)6 Spirit Connotation of Wine (6)6.1 Wine is Their Emotional Sustenance (6)6.2 Wine is Their Way of Reclusiveness (7)6.3 Wine Has Secular Utilitarian Utility (7)6.4 Brief Summary (7)7 Conclusion (8)Bibliography (9)摘要随着中西方交流的扩大，中西文化之间的差异也越来越受到重视，酒文化的差异也当然是其中之一。

酒被认为是酒神赐予人们的礼物，酒文化源远流长，酒在人们日常的交际生活中起着重要作用，它融会贯通了人们生活和人际交往的各个方面。