2020考研英语复习完形填空解题技巧
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攻克考研英语完型填空题的技巧攻克考研英语完型填空题的技巧很多同学对待考研英语完形填空的态度就是放弃,投入产出比太低,不想浪费时间,但是建议大家有时间精力还是好好看看,有些方法技巧很实用,下面店铺分享攻克考研英语完型填空题的技巧,希望对您有所帮助!攻克考研英语完型填空题的技巧1技巧01:通常完型填空第(1)(2)题可能比较难。
在此,考生们不要着急、害怕。
那是纸老虎,是纸,不是老虎,看第一段乃至全文后再定夺亦可。
技巧02:自己努力寻找所谓的搭配关系,尤其是通过角色互换,想到我们中文环境下熟悉而英语环境下陌生的搭配。
之前出现过的,之后就会考查你!技巧03:选项里面有任何修辞意义的词汇,基本上是正确答案。
我们用角色互换的感觉去体会出题人的用意,就不难理解,即可确认答案也可做验证。
同时,考生们也可积极寻找和思考其他没有出题处的类似情况。
技巧04:考研完型在“填空”的时候,切忌用中文的“搭配”去感觉,也就是所谓三大出题伎俩之一的“中文代入”。
要思考英语的搭配,不要死记,要理解和搜集。
技巧05:所谓三大出题伎俩之一的“棒打鸳鸯”,也就是物理上的拆散搭配,其解决方法不难,就是找主干!去掉无聊的修饰性成分等等,也就是那个“棒子”。
例如:The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be ____49____ to explain....技巧06:我们一起来体会考研完型有史以来“最难”的题目吧:When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum。
43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless为什么最难?因为这是相连的两道题,是定语从句的先行词和连接词。
2020考研英语复习:提高英语完形填空的七种方法!考研的知识点分叉很多,只有抓住了重点才能省时而又有效的备考,下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语复习:提高英语完形填空的七种方法!”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语复习:提高英语完形填空的七种方法!大多数人在准备英语完型的时候,因为分值低,都会选择蒙,这样是不对的。
为此,我整理了这篇文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
1、总分结构对照分析法由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持,互相印证的对照关系,而且总述是对分述的总结和概括,而分述是对总述的展开。
当一些未知填空出现在总述句时,解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。
例如:2000年完型试题的47题——应用于形容词的例子“If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of rally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest,but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained答案:[B]self-sufficient分析:本题处在一个总述句中:If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 47.在此句话之前,文章都是在讲If surplus is available(有赢余的情况下),农民的生活如何;实际上,从文章结构来看,从本题开始出现了另一个意群,而If no surplus isavailable,a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句,即如果没有赢余,农民会怎样?所以,仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的,还要看其他地方的相关已知信息,这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分;因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括,只要总结出分述部分,本题答案就迎刃而解。
2020考研英语完型填空高分解题方法一、完型概述(一)完型考点1.阅读能力:100%精读能力2.语法能力:定位线需来源语法3.词汇能力:一词多义/具体用法/单词辩析/熟词生义assure/ensure------1后只能加人,2后可加人和物effect/affect-------1是n,2是v/nfasten/tighten-----1后+具体n;2后+具体、抽象n (二)完型特点1.首段首句一定不出题2.不选正确答案,选thebestone3.有一个明确中心,该中心控制全文•总体做题步骤1.精读文章前两句,把握中心2.以段为单位做题3.运用方法找出填空定位线索,得出答案4.查漏补缺二、具体做题方法(一)逻辑关系题1.常见逻辑关系词•并列关系:and/andalso/neither...nor,either...or/notonly..butalso/l ikewise/similarly/equally/inthesameway/thatis(tosay)/asw ellas/thesameas/instead/while/simultaneously/meanwhile.•递进关系:also/then/besides/inaddition/additionmoreover/what’smore/furthermore/aboveall/indeed/still•因果关系:because/for/since/as/thus/hence/therefore/so/sothat/such that/inorderthat/accordingly/consequently/dueto/thanksto/asaresult//onaccountof/inresponseto/becau se/inthat/seeingthat/nowthat/consideringthat•对比关系:A.转折关系but/however/yet/bycontrast/contrarily/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/unfortunately/thoughB.让步关系although/though/eventhough/even/inspiteof/despite/nevert heless/muchas/while/whereas/asC.其他表示对比关系的词ratherthan/insteadof/against/unlikenot...but/infact转折和让步的区别:转折-----*前句话意思;让步------不能*前句话意思eg.刘是个美女but这是假的。
考研英语完形填空解题四大能力考研英语的完形填空题是必考题型之一,常常被许多考生所忽视,但是实际上完形填空题的分值不容小觑。
在考试中,能否掌握解题方法和技巧对于考生的成绩至关重要。
以下将针对考研英语完形填空题解题方法和技巧进行详细介绍,并总结出四大应对能力,帮助考生提高解题能力和应对考试能力。
完形填空解题方法和技巧1.预测猜测法。
在读完整段后,可以先设法预测、猜测空格出现的单词,然后根据猜测的单词来选择合适的答案。
这种方法需要考生对文章的整体思路有一个清晰的了解。
2.带入上下文法。
根据文章前后文的内容以及句子中所包含的关键词汇,选择合适的单词。
这种方法需要考生有一定的词汇积累量和阅读理解能力。
3.排序法。
在解完所有空格后,通过整体把握文章的逻辑思路,对所选答案进行重新排序,以确保答案的连贯性和完整性。
4.对比法。
对于含有相似意思的词语,可以进行对比分析,做出正确的选择。
这种方法需要考生对于英语单词和表达方式的辨析能力比较强,对于同义词和反义词较为熟悉。
四大应对能力1.阅读能力考生需要通过大量阅读来提高阅读能力,积累词汇量和对句型结构的理解能力,从而提高对文章整体思路的把握能力。
2.登高望远能力登高望远需要考生对于文章的大局观念有一个清晰的认识,对于文章的核心思想和主旨有一个清晰的了解。
这种能力需要考生有较强的归纳总结能力,通过阅读多篇文章,逐渐提高这种能力。
3.词汇敏感度词汇敏感度是考生在完型填空题中需要具备的一种能力,考生需要对于同义词、反义词等进行深入的分析和理解。
通过积累熟悉的词汇,并进行大量的词汇复习,逐渐提高自己的词汇敏感度。
4.逻辑推理能力考生需要掌握整篇文章的逻辑思路,理解各个段落之间的联系和文章的整体结构,通过对文章的逻辑推理,做出正确的选择,提高解题能力。
以上所述四大应对能力是考生应对完型填空题所需要具备的能力,掌握和强化这些能力,能够有效的提高考生在考试中的解题能力和应对考试的能力。
2020考研英语复习:完形填空解题技巧对于偏科的同学,在考研考试当中总是像一座山一样跨不过去,下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语复习:完形填空解题技巧”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语复习:完形填空解题技巧英语要想考高分,阅读题部分必须拿下,如果这部分答的不理想,你很有可能过不了线。
为此小编整理了这篇文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
【解题步骤】第一步:找出各选项的关联词第二步:将代词后面指代的内容还原回文章,进行匹配。
【解题技巧】第一,选项中出现时间年代时,往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
第二,选项中出现代词时,该选项往往不能放在首句,要能分辨出该代词所指的内容:it可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子;they或them指代前面的复数名词;one指代前面的单数可数名词;that指代前面的不可数名词或句子;this指代前面的单数名词或句子。
第三,将选项与原文对比时,与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是正确选项。
第四,做完型填句(段)题时不用按顺序做,先做简单的后做难的,注意寻找上下文中的关键信息。
【例题】2013年The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world,working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today's global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger ,from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here ,too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame-the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed"or "climate change"have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____.When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year,it wasproposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories,including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear,efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations,as well as technological development. Stemming climate change,for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors,many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category forsocial-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education,non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%;in most European nations , it is about 15%.【解题步骤应用】1. 找选项关键词[A] two communities:one that is …and one that is …[B] the numbers, 2010, these Keywords.[C] the idea is, integrate their work[D] the solution[E] These issues, Stemming climate change, for example ,[F] these factors, such problems .[G]funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.2. 关键词匹配文章[B] the numbers ,2010,these Keywords.匹配到43空前的number和Keywords.[C] the idea is,integrate their work匹配到45空前的idea和collaborate[E] These issues, Stemming climate change , for example。
2020考研英语复习:完形填空的高分技巧考研是孤单而又曲折的道路,但强者之路总是孤独的,下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语复习:完形填空的高分技巧”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语复习:完形填空的高分技巧完型填空对多数人来说是鸡肋一样的存在,食之无味,弃之可惜。
但是对于想得高分的同学来说,就一定要重视起来,平时也要有所锻炼,不能考场上全靠蒙。
能不能和别人拉开分就看你的完型能提多少分了。
一、真题为例解析1、总分结构对照分析法由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持,互相印证的对照关系,而且总述是对分述的总结和概括,而分述是对总述的展开。
当一些未知填空出现在总述句时,解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。
例如:2000年完型试题的47题——应用于形容词的例子“If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be must either sell some of his property or (48 seek)extra funds in form of rally he will try to borrow money at a low (49 rate)of interest,but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.”[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained答案:[B]self-sufficient分析:本题处在一个总述句中:If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 47.在此句话之前,文章都是在讲If surplus is available(有赢余的情况下),农民的生活如何;实际上,从文章结构来看,从本题开始出现了另一个意群,而If no surplus isavailable,a farmer cannot be 47为这个意群的总述句,即如果没有赢余,农民会怎样?所以,仅仅看本题所在的句子所包含的已知信息是不够的,还要看其他地方的相关已知信息,这个关键的相关已知信息就在分述部分;因为总述部分是对分述部分的高度概括,只要总结出分述部分,本题答案就迎刃而解。
考研英语完形填空备考方法及技巧考研英语完形填空备考方法及技巧考研英语完形填空部分是考察考生对英语语言综合运用能力的一项重要测试。
为了帮助考生更好地备考完形填空,提高答题效果,本文将介绍一些备考方法及技巧。
一、养成良好的阅读习惯良好的阅读能力是解决完形填空的基础。
考生应坚持每天阅读英语材料,包括英文报纸、英文小说、英文杂志等。
通过大量的阅读培养对词汇、句子结构、语境等的敏感度。
二、积累词汇和短语完形填空涉及大量的词汇和短语。
考生应通过词汇书、单词APP等形式积累并记忆常见的词汇和短语。
同时,要了解词汇的各种词性、派生词、词义辨析等,以便能够正确使用这些词汇。
三、注意上下文逻辑关系在完形填空的过程中,考生不仅需要理解每个空格前后的句子,还需要判断这两句之间的逻辑关系。
英语中常用的逻辑关系词包括转折关系、因果关系、条件关系等。
考生可以通过平时的阅读积累,提高对上下文逻辑关系的判断能力。
四、注意句子结构和语法完形填空中,往往会出现各种句子结构和语法现象。
考生需要熟悉英语中常见的语法规则,并能够准确地判断出句子中的主谓宾结构、从句结构、时态、语态等。
只有对句子结构和语法规则有较好的掌握,才能更准确地选择答案。
五、练习真题和模拟试题做完形填空题只有学了不如练了。
考生可以通过练习真题和模拟试题,来熟悉考试的题型和难度,逐步提高解题能力和答题速度。
在练习过程中,考生要注意总结错题原因,找出自己的弱点,有针对性地进行复习和训练。
六、注意时间管理完形填空是考试时间比较紧张的一个部分,考生要学会合理安排时间。
在模拟考试过程中,可以尝试设定时间限制,锻炼解题的速度和抓紧时间的能力。
同时,对于一些难题,要学会放弃,不要在一道题上花太多时间。
总结起来,备考完形填空需要考生多读、多练、多积累。
良好的阅读习惯、词汇和短语积累、注意上下文逻辑关系、熟悉句子结构和语法、练习真题和模拟试题、合理时间管理,这些方法和技巧的综合运用将有助于提高考生在考研英语完形填空中的应试能力。
考研英语完形填空做题技巧1. 嘿,先别急着做题呀!你得像侦探一样去分析文章的上下文,这可太重要啦!比如说,有个空前后都在说开心的事儿,那这个空大概率也得是个积极的词呀。
就像你找东西,得根据周围的线索来嘛!2. 哎呀,千万别忘了固定搭配呀!那简直就是送分题呀。
比如“take into account”,一旦看到,就赶紧选呀,别犹豫!这就好比你知道钥匙能开锁,直接用就对啦!3. 注意逻辑关系呀!这就像走迷宫,得顺着正确的路走。
要是前面说不好,后面说好了,那中间的空肯定得是个转折词呀。
就像你本来在走下坡路,突然就上坡了,中间肯定有个转折点嘛!4. 做题的时候要像老鹰一样敏锐呀!看到那些高频词,就得特别留意。
比如说“however”经常出现,那它周围的空你就得好好琢磨琢磨。
这就像你总遇到一个熟人,肯定对他印象深刻呀!5. 哎呀呀,别小瞧那些简单的词呀!有时候最普通的反而最关键。
比如“and”,它连接的前后可能就有大文章呢。
就像链条上的一环,虽小但不可或缺呀!6. 你们知道吗?理解文章的主旨就像抓住了主线,做题才能顺顺当当。
如果文章讲的是环保,那相关的词出现的概率就很大呀。
这跟你知道了故事的主题,就能猜到情节发展一样!7. 做题速度也别太慢啦!但也不能瞎蒙呀。
就像跑步,得保持节奏。
你不能慢悠悠走,也不能乱冲,得稳稳地来。
不然怎么能拿高分呢?8. 记得要多积累词汇呀!这就像给自己的武器库添装备。
词汇量大了,做题就轻松多啦。
就像战士有了好武器,打仗都更有底气呀!9. 可别死磕一个空呀!那多浪费时间呀。
不行就先跳过,回头再来看。
就像路上遇到个大石头,绕过去呗,等有办法了再来解决。
10. 总之呀,考研英语完形填空就是一场战斗,要策略得当,才能大获全胜呀!加油吧!。
考研英语完形填空解题技巧
考研英语完形填空是一种考察考生运用语法、词汇和语义理解能力的题型,以下是一些解题技巧:
1. 阅读全文:在答题之前,先通读全文,了解文章的大意和内容,这样有助于把握文章的整体逻辑和结构。
2. 掌握句子结构:完形填空题中常常考察句子之间的逻辑关系,要注意句子的前后联系和表达方式,以便准确地填入适当的词。
3. 注意上下文语境:通过理解上下文的语境,可以推测出空格处应填入的词的词性、意义等信息,帮助正确填入答案。
4. 预测答案:在遇到空格处时,可以根据句子的语法结构和语境,预测出可能的答案选项,并选择最合适的填入空格。
5. 多读选项:在选项中寻找与空格处意义相近或相反的词汇或表达方式,从而选出最佳答案。
6. 注意连词关系:连词是文章中表达逻辑关系的重要手段,要仔细分析连词的含义,确定句子之间的逻辑关系,从而选择适当的选项。
7. 注意动词时态和语态:在完形填空题中,常常涉及到动词的时态和语态的变化,要根据上下文的语境选择正确的动词形式填入空格。
8. 避免过度推测:在选择答案时,要注意避免过度推测和主观臆断,要以实际的语境和信息为基础,选择最符合语义逻辑的选项。
以上是一些解题技巧,考生还需通过多做练习,提高对语义和语法的理解能力,才能更好地应对考研英语完形填空题。
2020考研英语:完形填空的做题技巧考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:完形填空的做题技巧”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语:完形填空的做题技巧1、理清文章的思路和线索同学们做完形填空的方法应该都是一致的:首先通读全文,大概了解了文章的内容,明确中心,然后根据选项去填空。
其实,在做题之前我们还有一个事情需要去做:理清文章的逻辑关系!完型的文章一般都是总分关系,在开头开门见山,后文来反复印证,各个段落间相互支撑达到逻辑的严密性。
所以你需要用笔把文章的结构划分清楚,具体来说就是划出层次,明确中心。
比如文章的开头句或者结尾句一般都是比较重要的,对文章有“画龙点睛”的作用;那么在文章的其他部分,比如第二段的开头或结尾的句子又有什么用?又或者第二段的作用是什么,是论证还是举例?这些在第一遍阅读文章的时候都要清楚的知道,即使花多点时间,也要弄明白。
要理解全文,就要理解好文章的脉络。
2、了解文章的文化背景考研英语中的文章一般都是外国文章改编过来的,所以本质意义上讲还是带有各国的文化背景的,比如各国的习俗、生活常识、娱乐、和科学知识等,文章中都会有一定的体现。
举个例子,比如一篇文章是以2018年世界杯伊朗女球迷为起点,来批判伊朗宗教女生的伤害。
如果你提前知道伊朗的文化,以及宗教背景,那么在看这篇文章的时候,就会比较好理解,节省阅读反应时间。
所以在平时做英语阅的时候要锻炼自己的文化分辨意识,而且在不懂的情况下,百度相关的资料,做到一定程度上的理解。
3、训练做题的速度很多人都知道掌控做题的时间,但是并没有细化。
训练完形填空的做题速度主要分二个部分:首先不做题,把文章结构、脉络理解好,一般都需要3-5分钟。
刚训练的时候,最少也要6分钟以上,;第二部分才是选项与文章的对接做题,因为有了前面的基础,所以时间控制在7-9分钟。
4、积累足够量的固定搭配和词汇这个是英语所必备的,也是一个长期积累的过程。
2020考研英语复习完形填空解题技巧对于偏科的同学,在考研考试当中总是像一座山一样跨不过去,下面由出guo为你精心准备了“2020考研英语复习:完形填空解题技巧”,持续关注将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!英语要想考高分,阅读题部分必须拿下,如果这部分答的不理想,你很有可能过不了线。
为此了这篇文章,希望对大家有所帮助。
【解题步骤】第一步:找出各选项的关联词第二步:将代词后面指代的内容还原回文章,进行匹配。
【解题技巧】第一,选项中出现时间年代时,往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。
第二,选项中出现代词时,该选项往往不能放在首句,要能分辨出该代词所指的内容:it可指代前面的单数名词或整个句子;they 或them指代前面的复数名词;one指代前面的单数可数名词;that 指代前面的不可数名词或句子;this指代前面的单数名词或句子。
第三,将选项与原文对比时,与原文重复或同义改写的字越多的往往就是正确选项。
第四,做完型填句(段)题时不用按顺序做,先做简单的后做难的,注意寻找上下文中的关键信息。
【例题】xx年The social sciences are flourishing. As of xx, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. Aording to the World Social Science Report xx, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today's global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from geically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here ,too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame-the munity should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmentalchanged" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since xx,(43)____.When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example whether the munity's work contributes much to an overall aumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who plain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in xx, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the plete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two munities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in xx, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear,efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic munity, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax aeptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it withincross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education,non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.【解题步骤应用】1. 找选项关键词[A] two munities: one that is …and one that is …[B] the numbers, xx, these Keywords.[C] the idea is, integrate their work[D] the solution[E] These issues, Stemming climate change, for example ,[F] these factors, such problems .[G]funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.2. 关键词匹配文章[B] the numbers ,xx, these Keywords.匹配到43空前的number和Keywords.[C] the idea is,integrate their work匹配到45空前的idea 和collaborate[E] These issues, Stemming climate change , for example。