下载文档原格式
仪表礼仪：中西方交际礼仪的差异跨国交际日益增多，因中西方礼仪有着较大的差异,在交际中有可能会因不同的习惯、生活方式而产生距离,怎样才能尽量避免这些中外交际的隔阂呢?我们就得学习、解读中西方不同的礼仪,才能顺利地进行中外交流.一、招呼语的差异日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“去上班呀?”“吃了吗？"“上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感。
可是对西方人来说,这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活.在西方，这种问候他们只说一声“hello"或按时间来分,说声“早上好！”“下午好!"“晚上好！”就可以了.西方人最常用的问候语大多有两类：第一，谈天气。
如英国人见面说:“今天天气不错呵！"这是因为英国终年西风带的影响,大西洋吹来的潮温气流使得天气无常,就连天气预报也没准,因此人们最关系天气.第二，谈近况.但只局限于泛泛而谈，不涉及隐私,可以说:“最近好吗？”初次见面总要说:“认识你很高兴"之类的客套话.二、称谓的差异在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”。
但在西方,“直呼其名比在汉语里的范围要广得多。
在西方,常用“先生“和”夫人“来称呼不知其名的陌生人。
在英国，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等.西方在称谓上似乎“不拘礼节”,习惯于对等式的称呼.[中華励志网］如家庭成员之间，不分“上下长幼尊卑”，一般可互称姓名或昵称。
在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字.对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”,对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨"。
这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会认为你不懂礼貌，分不清上下长幼尊卑了. 对于家庭成员以外的称呼，中国人往往尊称对方为“李老师"、“陈师傅”，有时在姓后面加上此人当时所担任的职务,如“黄局长"、“王经理”等。
东西方语言差异与文化差异东西方语言差异与文化差异1．在一种语言里有些词在另一语言里没有对应词。
汉语中有个谚语；“夏练三伏，冬练三九”。
激励人们坚持锻炼身体。
“三伏”和“三九”在英语里是什么呢？一个年轻翻泽对几个加拿大人说three fu和three nine。
听的人当然莫名其妙。
他只要说In summer keep exercisi ng during the hottest days；In winter do the same thing during the coldest weather就可以了。
一个中国青年到附近游泳池去游泳，一会儿就回来了。
和他同住一室的中国人和一个外国朋友都感到奇怪。
他解释说：“游泳池里人太多，水太脏，早该换了。
简直象芝麻酱煮饺子。
”这个比喻很别致，很生动，和他同住一室的中国朋友笑了，而那个外国人既没有吃过“芝麻酱”也没有见过“煮饺子”，丝毫不觉得这个比喻幽默，难怪他显出一副茫然不解的神情。
西方人形容某地人多、拥挤不堪，常说It was papked like sardines（塞得象沙丁鱼罐头一样，拥挤不堪）。
自己有lover呢？应该记住，相当于汉语中“爱人”这个词的英语词就是：husband（丈夫）或wife（妻子）；frience(未婚夫)或fiancee （未婚妻）。
中国人问别人的“籍贯”时，可能指place of birth或where a person is from（本人的出生地或来自某地），也往往指where a per son’s parents or ancestors came from originally（父母或祖先来自何地）。
有时候两个地方是相同的，但也常常不同。
在英语中没有与“籍贯”对应的词。
Place of birth 只表示本人出生的地方，与祖先的任何情况无关。
这种差别有时会造成混乱，填写身份证、个人履历表、护照等时尤其如此。
下面再举一些英汉两种语言中“貌合神主”的词语的例子。
Differences between Western invitation and Eastern invitation It‟s acknowledged that there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. Every country has its own traditional culture which can‟t be given up. It‟s difficult to say which one has more advantages that can lead a main status. They all contribute to the development and harmony of world. With the growing trend of globalization, we should come to understand the different cultures and grasp the core of them.Invitation is an important part of the culture, which reflects what people behave and think in social situations, and implies relative meanings about communication related to different people. For example, some businessman would send invitations to their cooperative partners, as a friendly and harmony sign to cooperate in future but as a defiant and aggressive meaning to their corrivals. Therefore, if you want to recognize a culture entirely, you could choose to study its invitation so as to you can grasp the center of culture quickly.Invitation is common in all cultures. Nevertheless, there are also many differences in how to give an invitation and how to reply to an invitation. In western country, inviting each other is a social activity, aimed at making more friends and getting help from each other when they need some day. As for invitations is just like a tool to expand their social intercourse. When English speakers wish to invite relatives, friends or colleagues to dinner, they may send a formal letter of invitation a week or so advanced. The person who has received the invitation is expected to indicate definitely whether he will attend or not.When you receive an invitation, you don't have to say yes or no immediately, but you should give an answer as soon as possible. Make sure you know the time and place of the party. Make sure you express pleasure or thanks to the host. If you are married or live with someone, you can bring him/her with you as long as your host knows that you have a spouse or partner. If the party includes business associates, a suit will be proper. If the party is just for friends, you don't need to dress formally.While In China invitation often occurs between old friends and relatives to talk about the past and brighten the chain with each other or renew friendship. For this invitation, people regard invitation as a passionate treat, and usually will attend it. But for other invitation, like business, politics, people always hold a little negative and unmeaning attitude even if it‟s very formal conference.When someone invites his friends to take part in a party, what he behaves is obviously different between Chinese and America.In America, men and women are more open to communicate, do not concern about if it‟s opposite sex overmuch, and one girl and one boy who has met first go to movie or eat together is very common to see. So people who have a dating sometimes don‟t mean that they are lovers, maybe they just want to stay together. If you want to invite an American girl alone, you must point to eat lunch or dinner, it‟s the different meaning. Generally speaking, an informal lunch, easy to be accepted while dinner is more serious, and people who are invited will behave formally and get the certain place on time. Chinese female students invited by American male classmate also should pay attention to the different with dinner and lunch. If you don't want toreceive someone‟s appointment or it makes you uncomfortable, you can be polite but stable to refuse him. In the United States, mutual respect is the based on communicative principle and rights.In China, people are very conservative and missish, they will be careful to receive any invitation no matter who invites them, especially someone who is unknown or meets first. By the traditional Chinese education, we mustn‟t optionally accept others‟gifts as if the one looks like a kind sheep. As a result, when a Chinese people receive an invitation, he will first take all matters into consideration, then he makes a decision about whether to go or not. Meanwhile, a Chinese don‟t give you a response as you are informing him while waiting a short time he will respond.It should be noted that in American culture, there are two kinds of invitation, one is …genuine invitation” , the other is “false invitation”. If one is not familiar with American culture maybe feel that Americans are not sincere or honest because he cannot tell the difference between “genuine invitation” and “false invitation”.American characters are cheerful and generous, optimistic. They usually stay up late and get up late, but have strong sense of time. When they say goodbye to you, they will say see you next day, find me when you are convenient, come to find me at any time and so on. These are just polite phraseologies to say goodbye when communicating with others, not real invited. If you drop at any time you probably get a cold treat because you interrupt their individual life.A false invitation usually includes the following elements. First, there is no exact time and place in the invitation. That means they don‟t want to really invite but out of politeness they talk to you. Second, if they use the word like should, must, etc. without getting you permission, it‟s normally a false invitation. In the United States, owing to the notion of equality, therefore, inviting people to a party probably will borrow someone else's time. People do what they want always respect the reflection of others, almost don‟t impose other.To sum up, with the growing trend of globalization, we should understand and grasp the differences between Chinese and American culture so as to we can handle the direction of the development of the world. Every culture has its own values and plays an important role in the world developing. We ought to respect every culture and devote ourselves to the trend creating a bright life.1. What are the differences in the concepts of friends between the Chinese andAmerican cultures?American thinks everyone is equal and should respect everyone. Therefore, they tend to use polite f orms such as “could you” and “would you” even with their friend s, and don‟t impose them friends. Many American want such time alone when they have problems. American apologizes to their friends over things like asking for help in some small matter or telephoning late at night. Besides, An American may feel that a friend needs privacy to “work out” a problem. So American may want to give you your privacy even if you don‟t want it.While Chinese people tend to make more direct requests to their friends. They address those know quite well in a very direct way. They may sound rude and demanding when they intend to sound friendly.2.Discuss the feasibility of a synthesis of Eastern culture and Western culture.In western culture a synthesis is not feasibility, people are most likely to value individual identity, which means the social unit is the individual and the interests of the individual are considered to be more important than those of the group.In Eastern culture a synthesis is feasibility. In eastern country, people tend to place high value on group identity rather than individual identity, which means quite contrary to the individualist cultures, the interests of the individual are lea important than those of the group. The social unit is the group. They may try their best to make the synthesis better.。
举例说明中英文请柬的格式差异
中文请柬通常以正式的语言和格式邀请受邀者参加特定的活动或庆典。
一般来说，中文请柬的格式包括以下几个部分：
1. 主办方信息，包括主办方的名称、联系方式等；
2. 活动信息，包括活动的名称、时间、地点等；
3. 邀请内容，用正式的措辞邀请受邀者参加活动；
4. 祝福语，通常包括对受邀者的祝福或感谢。
举例来说，一份中文请柬可能会以以下格式开头：
主办方，XXX公司。
活动，庆祝XXX活动。
时间，XXXX年X月X日。
地点，XXX酒店。
然后会陈述邀请的内容，最后以诚挚的祝福语结尾。
而英文请柬的格式通常会更加简洁明了，一般包括以下几个部分：
1. 主办方信息，包括主办方的名称、联系方式等；
2. 活动信息，包括活动的名称、时间、地点等；
3. 邀请内容，用礼貌的措辞邀请受邀者参加活动；
4. RSVP 信息，包括回复邀请的方式和截止日期。
举例来说，一份英文请柬可能会以以下格式开头：
You are cordially invited to attend.
The XXX Event.
Hosted by XXX Company.
Date: XXXX, XX, XXXX.
Time: XX:XX PM.
Location: XXX Hotel.
然后会陈述邀请的内容，最后附上 RSVP 信息。
总的来说，中英文请柬的格式差异在于语言表达方式和结构上的差异，中文请柬更加注重礼节和祝福，而英文请柬更加注重简洁明了和回复方式的说明。
“母亲，上帝”—迥然各异的东西方口头语折射出孑然不同的文化差异语言是文化的重要载体，可以折射出一个人的教养，乃至一个民族的文化。
就像每一汪水塘里，都有海洋的气息，每一颗石子里，都有沙漠的影子。
语言如常青藤般，攀附着文化。
尤其是那种人们不经意间流露的口头语，饶是如此。
无意间有一个日常生活中的小发现，老外无奈时会说：“Oh，my God。
”而中国人在无助时却会不自觉地喊出：“我的妈啊！”外国人遇到困难时想到了上帝，而中国人想起了母亲。
母亲，上帝——这一汪春水，这一颗石子到底掩藏着多少涟漪，多少故事呢？审读中西的翻译著作，无一例外地，凡是有着白话“我的妈啊”统统译为“My God”。
于是，我根据这一发现和我们口语中的习惯，简易地得出了这么一个结论，那便是在中国人的心海深处，母亲的形象，异常高大，约等于西方人对于高大上帝形象的理解。
中国人的“恋母情结”，较之西方，异常强大。
中国人的脐带似乎从未从母亲那剪断过。
从小孩犯错“告诉家长”的举动到歌颂伟大祖国的颂词“祖国啊，我的母亲”，处处都润物细无声地告诉我们“母亲”这两个平实的字眼。
反观西方社会，西方人的脐带连接着上帝。
母亲，于他们，一如耶稣与玛利亚的关系，可敬而不可亲。
《福音书》中，玛利亚感圣神怀孕，生下耶稣是完成她的使命。
而她与耶稣的母子关系，不是母带子，而是子领母。
玛利亚一直追随传教的耶稣。
母亲，对于耶稣来说，只是冥冥之众中的一个，甚至只是一个完成他降临人世的“子宫”，不是任何特别的存在。
耶稣对于母亲的态度犹是如此，更遑论平头老百姓了。
甚者，在西方，母亲的另一个身份——女人，其附加的影响更加深远。
西方的教士们普遍敌视女人，认为女人是诱人入罪、堕落的根源，而这一认知早在伊甸园里便开始了。
从伊甸园沦落到失乐园，是夏娃易于受诱惑的天性招致。
作为西方社会女性的鼻祖，夏娃的罪行自然就很容易地被追加到她的每一个后世女性身上。
于是，母亲，具体到西方社会，她的形象就只是抽象到概念，没有像中国那样拥有着特殊的含义。
礼仪/职场礼仪中西方交际礼仪的差异跨国交际日益增多，因中西方礼仪有着较大的差异，在交际中有可能会因不同的习惯、生活方式而产生距离，怎样才能尽量避免这些中外交际的隔阂呢？我们就得学习、解读中西方不同的礼仪，才能顺利地进行中外交流.一、招呼语的差异日常打招呼，中国人大多使用“去上班呀？”“吃了吗？”“上哪呢？”等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种亲切感.可是对西方人来说，这种打招呼的方式会令对方感到突然、尴尬，甚至不快，因为西方人会把这种问话理解成为一种“盘问”，感到对方在询问他们的私生活.在西方，这种问候他们只说一声“hello”或按时间来分，说声“早上好！”“下午好！”“晚上好！”就可以了.西方人最常用的问候语大多有两类：第一，谈天气.如英国人见面说：“今天天气不错呵！”这是因为英国终年西风带的影响，大西洋吹来的潮温气流使得天气无常，就连天气预报也没准，因此人们最关系天气.第二，谈近况.但只局限于泛泛而谈，不涉及隐私，可以说：“最近好吗？”初次见面总要说：“认识你很高兴”之类的客套话.二、称谓的差异在汉语里，一般只有彼此熟悉亲密的人之间才可以“直呼其名”.但在西方，“直呼其名比在汉语里的范围要广得多.在西方，常用“先生“和”夫人“来称呼不知其名的陌生人.在英国，对十几或二十几岁的女子可称呼“小姐”，结婚了的女性可称“女士”或“夫人”等.西方在称谓上似乎“不拘礼节”，习惯于对等式的称呼.[中華励志网]如家庭成员之间，不分“上下长幼尊卑”，一般可互称姓名或昵称.在家里，可以直接叫爸爸、妈妈的名字.对所有的男性长辈都可以称“叔叔”，对所有的女性长辈都可以称“阿姨”.这在我们中国是不行的，必须要分清楚辈分、老幼等关系，否则就会认为你不懂礼貌，分不清上下长幼尊卑了.对于家庭成员以外的称呼，中国人往往尊称对方为“李老师”、“陈师傅”，有时在姓后面加上此人当时所担任的职务，如“黄局长”、“王经理”等.但英美人除了几个传统习用的称呼――博士、医生、法官、教授等之外，对“李老师”、“陈师傅”一类的称呼是不能容忍的.也很少听他们称呼别人为“黄局长”“王经理”等.因为这一类称呼还没有变为像“博士、医生、法官、教授”等一样成为传统习用的称呼.三、告别语的差异中西语言中有多种不同的告别语.如在和病人告别时，中国人常说“多喝点开水”、多穿点衣服“、”早点休息“之类的话，表示对病人的关怀.但西方人绝不会说“多喝水”之类的话，因为这样说会被认为有指手画脚之嫌.他们会说“多保重”或“希望你早日康复”等等.一位美国人在和他的中国朋友告别时说：“我会保持联系.”可是这位中国朋友等了一年多也未见只言片语，便抱怨他不讲信用.其实，这句话仅仅是一种告别词语，相当于“再见”，说话人并无他意，更没有作任何许诺.此外，西方文化中如果客人想告别，通常要提前几分钟将告别的意思暗示或委婉地向主人表达，并征得同意，然后才可以离开.如果突然说“时间不早了”，随即站起来和主人告别，这在西方文化中是被认为不礼貌的.。
中西宴请礼仪差异宴请是为了表示欢迎、答谢、祝贺、喜庆等举行的餐饮活动，以增进友谊和融洽气氛，是国际交往中最常见的交际活动形式。
下面是小编搜集整理的中西宴请礼仪比较，希望对你有帮助。
国际上的宴请礼仪国际上通用的宴请形式根据不同的交际目的、邀请对象以及费用开支等因素，常见的宴请形式有以下几种。
1.宴会宴会指一种比较隆重、正式的设宴招待，按其规格又有国宴、正式宴会、便宴和家宴之分。
(1)国宴。
特指国家元首或政府首脑为国家庆典或为外国元首、政府首脑来访而举行的宴会。
这种宴会规格高，庄严而又隆重。
按规定宴会厅内悬挂国旗，安排乐队演奏国歌及席间乐，宾主双方致辞、祝酒。
菜单和坐席卡上均印有国徽，出席者的身份规格高，代表性强，宾主均按身份排位就座，礼仪严格。
(2)正式宴会。
正式宴会通常是政府和团体等有关部门为欢迎应邀来访的宾客，或来访的宾客为答谢主人而举行的宴会。
这种形式除不挂国旗、不奏国歌以及出席者规格低于国宴外，其余的安排大致与国宴相同。
(3)便宴。
便宴多用于招待熟悉的宾朋好友，是一种非正式的宴会。
这种宴会形式简便，规模较小，不拘严格的礼仪，不用排席位，不作正式致辞或祝酒，宾主间较随便、亲切，用餐标准可高可低，适用于日常友好交往。
常见的便宴按举办的目的不同宋分，有迎送宴会、生日宴会、婚礼宴会、节日宴会、特别宴会。
(4)家宴。
顾名思义就是在家中设宴招待客人，以示亲切、友好。
它在社交和商务活动中发挥着尊敬客人和促进人际交往的重要作用，西方人喜欢采取这种形式。
家宴在形式上可分为家庭聚会、自助会、家庭冷餐会和在饭店宴请等几种。
2.招待会招待会是一种灵活、经济实惠的宴请形式。
常见的招待会主要分为冷餐会、自助餐和酒会三种。
(1)冷餐会。
冷餐会的特点是一种立餐形式，不排座位。
菜肴以冷食为主，也可冷热兼备，连同餐具一同摆设在餐桌上，供客人自取。
客人可以多次取食，站立进餐自由活动，彼此交谈。
当然，对于老年、体弱者要准备座椅，可由服务员接待。
