Appreciation of Forbidding Mourning 赏析告别辞：莫伤悲

The Comparison of Love——The Appreciation of A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 姓名: 钟鑫学号：1501150219 Scores：85A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning is one of John Donne’s most famous and poems and also probably his most direct statement of his ideal of spiritual love.In this poem, the poet shows us the differences between spiritual love and physical love, which can be apparently seen from his words and lines. And I would like to take some ones as examples.First, in the forth stanza, Donne says,” Dull sublunary lovers' love (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit”. It illustrates his idea that common physical love is pessimistic and contradictory. To compare with the physical love, Donne presents his love as spiritual love which is described as refined love. He holds the belief that spiritual love is nicer and more beautiful than the physical one and the feeling of two souls combined together makes Donne gain the sense of satisfaction and achievement. What’s m ore, Donne uses simile to define himself and his lover as stiff twin compasses, as a result of which, it makes their spiritual love more directly perceived through the senses. And it also fulfills the evidence of his opinion, preferring spiritual love to physical love.In my point of view, no matter what kind of love it is, as long as there is love between the two, their life will be happy and beautiful.。

绿衣抒发悼亡之情的艺术手法英文版：The title of the article is "The Artistic Techniques of Expressing Grief in Green Clothing".Loss and mourning are universal human experiences that have been themes in art and literature for centuries. One powerful way to express the depths of loss and the complexity of grief is through the use of symbolism, and few symbols are as poignant as the color green. In this article, we will explore the artistic techniques used to convey mournful emotions through the use of green clothing in various cultural and artistic contexts.One of the most well-known examples of the use of green to symbolize mourning is the tradition of wearing a green armband or sash during periods of mourning in some cultures. This practice dates back to the Middle Ages, when green was associated with the color of life and renewal, making it an especially fitting symbol for the sorrow and finality of loss.In literature, authors have used the color green to convey a sense of loss and mourning in various ways. For example, in William Shakespeare's "Hamlet," the character Ophelia is described as wearing green clothing when she is found dead in the river, symbolizing her untimely and tragic death.In visual art, the use of green to express grief is also common. painters and artists often use shades of green to create a sense of melancholy or longing, incorporating the color into their compositions in ways that evoke the complex emotions associated with loss.Overall, the use of green clothing as a symbol of mourning and loss is a powerful and enduring artistic tradition that continues to be used in various cultural and artistic contexts today. By exploring the techniques and symbolism behind this tradition, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex emotions surrounding loss and mourning.中文版：文章标题是《绿衣抒发悼亡之情的艺术手法》。

1. Beowulf赏析英国现存最早、最完整的民族史诗。

1反映当时部落社会的面貌。

背景取自欧洲。

2古Anglo-Saxon人崇拜英雄的部落文化。

政治观点：“王”，权利来自武力，王权的继承还需要仁义。

3历史事实+神话传说。

主人公Beowulf英勇顽强。

自我牺牲精神。

爱护臣民。

有责任感。

简洁明快。

头韵。

隐喻：用复合词来比喻某种事物或现象。

2. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight赏析传奇文学是贵族人生理想的反映，与平民百姓没有丝毫的关系。

头韵诗。

2个主题：1砍头游戏检验Gawain的勇敢和信守诺言。

2女主人的诱惑检验Gawain的诚实和忠贞。

以重读音节为基础的韵律。

每一个stanza后面有一个只有一个重读音节的短促诗句，再加一个abab韵的4行诗节。

语言朴素自然，流畅通顺。

反映出Norman征服的宗教影响：基督教成统治地位。

Gawain是基督徒，拥有人的弱点。

他在困境中祈求圣母玛利亚的帮助，又因死亡的威胁而背弃诺言。

他身上有亚当的影子，原罪的概念。

3. Chaucer特点“英国诗歌之父”。

人文主义。

现实主义。

明快、诙谐。

伦敦方言创作。

首创heroic couplet。

钟情于中世纪的文学形式。

第一个用韵脚韵律诗，以重音-音节为基础的格律诗。

一方面用贵族式的理想眼光看待生活。

一方面又以现实的态度思考。

1法国影响时期—2意大利影响时期—3成熟时期强调人权，今生今世幸福快乐的权利，反对神权与禁欲主义。

反对滥用宗教教义。

人物：个人与社会关系的主题。

突出人物之间性格冲突和物质利益矛盾。

幽默讽刺地描写了新兴资产阶级所反感的阶级出身问题。

人物形象是立体的，有独特的气质和性格。

押尾韵。

八音节对偶句（octosyllabic couplet），iambic pentameter的heroic couplet。

4. Canterbury Tales赏析现实主义。

但未能摆脱中世纪的偏见。

轻松、欢快文艺复兴的先驱。

古典主义诗歌选篇A Valediction: forbidding mourningBy John Donne As virtous men passe mildly'away,And whisper to their soules, to goe,Whilst some of their sad friends doe say,The breath goes now, and some say, no:So let us melt, and make no noise,No teare-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,'Twere prophanation of our joyesTo tell the layetie our love.Moving of th'earth brings harmes and feares,Men reckon what it did and meant,But trepidation of the spheares,Though greater farre, is innocent.Dull sublunary lovers love(Whose soule is sense) cannot admitAbsence, because it doth removeThose things which elemented it.But we by a'love, so much refin'dThat we ourselves know not what it is,Inter-assured of the mind,Care lesse, eyes, lips, and hnds to misse.Our two soules therefore, which are one,Though I must goe, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,Like gold to ayery thinnesse beate.If they be two, they are two soAs stiffe twin compasses are two,Thy soule the fixt foot, makes no showTo move, but doth, if the'other doe.And though it in the center sit,Yet when the other far doth rome,It leanes, and hearkens after it,And growes erect, as it comes home.Such wilt thou be to mee, who mustLike th'other foor, obliquely runne;Thy firmnes makes my circle just,And makes me end, where I begunne.THE SUN RISING.by John Donne BUSY old fool, unruly Sun,Why dost thou thus,Through windows, and through curtains, call on us ?Must to thy motions lovers' seasons run ?Saucy pedantic wretch, go chideLate school-boys and sour prentices,Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride,Call country ants to harvest offices ;Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime,Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time.Thy beams so reverend, and strongWhy shouldst thou think ?I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink,But that I would not lose her sight so long.If her eyes have not blinded thine,Look, and to-morrow late tell me,Whether both th' Indias of spice and mineBe where thou left'st them, or lie here with me. Ask for those kings whom thou saw'st yesterday, And thou shalt hear, "All here in one bed lay."She's all states, and all princes I ;Nothing else is ;Princes do but play us ; compared to this,All honour's mimic, all wealth alchemy.Thou, Sun, art half as happy as we,In that the world's contracted thus ;Thine age asks ease, and since thy duties beTo warm the world, that's done in warming us. Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere ;This bed thy center is, these walls thy sphere.The FleaBy John Donne Marke but this flea, and marke in this,How little that which thou deny'st me is;Me it suck'd first, and now sucks thee,And in this flea our two bloods mingled bee;Confesse it, this cannot be saidA sinne, or shame, or losse of maidenhead,Yet this enjoyes before it wooe,And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two,And this, alas, is more than wee would doe.Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,When we almost, nay more than maryed are.This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed, and marriage temple is;Though parents grudge, and you, w'are met,And cloysterd in these living walls of Jet.Though use make thee apt to kill me,Let not to this, selfe murder added bee,And sacrilege, three sinnes in killing three.Cruell and sodaine, has thou sincePurpled thy naile, in blood of innocence?In what could this flea guilty bee,Except in that drop which it suckt from thee?Yet thou triumph'st, and saist that thouFind'st not thyself, nor mee the weaker now;'Tis true, then learne how false, feares bee;Just so much honor, when thou yeeld'st to mee,Will wast, as this flea's death tooke life from thee.Exercpt from “An Anatomy of the World” (line 205-218)By John Donne And new Philosophy calls all in doubt,The Element of fire is quite put out;The Sunne is lost, and th'earth, and no mans witCan well direct him where to looke for it.And freely men confesse that this world's spent,When in the Planets, and the FirmamentThey seeke so many new; they see that thisIs crumbled out againe to his Atomis.'Tis all in pieces, all coherence gone;All just supply, and all Relation:Prince, Subject, Father, Sonne, are things forgot,[F]or every man alone thinkes he hath gotTo be a Phoenix, and that then can beNone of that kinde, of which he is, but he.Excerpt from MEDITATION XVII Devotions Upon Emergent OccasionsBy John DonneNo man is an island. entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friend's or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.To his Coy MistressBy Andrew MarvellHad we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime.We would sit down and think which way To walk, and pass our long love's day; Thou by the Indian Ganges' side Shouldst rubies find; I by the tideOf Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the Flood; And you should, if you please, refuse Till the conversion of the Jews.My vegetable love should growVaster than empires, and more slow.An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast,But thirty thousand to the rest;An age at least to every part,And the last age should show your heart. For, lady, you deserve this state,Nor would I love at lower rate.But at my back I always hear Time's winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lieDeserts of vast eternity.Thy beauty shall no more be found, Nor, in thy marble vault, shall soundMy echoing song; then worms shall try That long preserv'd virginity, And your quaint honour turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust.The grave's a fine and private place,But none I think do there embrace.Now therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew,And while thy willing soul transpiresAt every pore with instant fires,Now let us sport us while we may;And now, like am'rous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour,Than languish in his slow-chapp'd power. Let us roll all our strength, and allOur sweetness, up into one ball;And tear our pleasures with rough strife Thorough the iron gates of life.Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run.SONNET XIX. ON HIS BLINDNESS.By John MiltonWHEN I consider how my light is spent,Ere half my days in this dark world and wide,And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and presentMy true account, lest He returning chide,'Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?'I fondly ask. But patience, to preventThat murmur, soon replies, 'God doth not need Either man's work or his own gifts. Who best Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at his bidding speed,And post o'er land and ocean without rest;They also serve who only stand and wait.'"The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide: They hand in hand, with wandering steps and slow, Through Eden took their solitary way."""Standing on earth, not rapt above the pole, More safe I sing with mortal voice, unchangedTo hoarse or mute, though fallen on evil days,On evil days though fallen, and evil tongues;In darkness, and with dangers compassed round, And solitude; yet not alone, while thouVisitest my slumbers nightly, or when mornPurples the east: still govern thou my song, Urania, and fit audience find, though few."。

从新批评理论视角看《别离辞·莫忧伤》的主题意义摘要：约翰·邓恩是英国玄学诗派的重要代表人物，其诗歌以奇特的意象、突兀的想象、精巧的形式、思辨的内容给读者的心灵带来震撼。

他最著名的代表作《别离辞·莫忧伤》就是一件构思巧妙的纯艺术品。

用新批评理论倡导的细读法对其内容意境、词汇韵律、反讽与悖论作详细分析，可揭示其深刻的主题意义。

关键词：新批评《别离辞·莫忧伤》主题意义约翰·邓恩中图分类号：i106.2 文献标识码：a一约翰·邓恩简介约翰·邓恩于1572年出生于英国天主教家庭，曾先后在牛津和剑桥大学学习。

1598年，邓恩被任命为伊格顿伯爵的私人秘书，似乎前途无量。

然而，他的大好前途却因1601年与伊格顿伯爵夫人17岁的侄女秘密结婚而毁于一旦：邓恩因此获罪，被解除职务、逮捕入狱。

出狱后数十年间，穷困潦倒、郁郁不乐。

后来因撰文攻击天主教、维护国王权威而得赏识，1615年出任王室牧师，1621年成为伦敦保罗大教堂教长，直至1631年离世。

邓恩是17世纪英国玄学诗派鼻祖，他的诗作代表了玄学派诗歌的最高成就，被公认为文学大师。

他的诗歌与前人和同龄人的作品迥然不同，不仅在意象和观念上作大胆的实验，在诗的节奏和诗节形式上也有创新。

本·琼生曾说：“约翰·邓恩在很多方面是世界上第一诗人。

”他早期的爱情诗最能体现其独特怪异的玄学派创作风格。

《别离辞·莫忧伤》正是这一时期邓恩的经典代表作之一。

此外，他的作品还包括宗教诗、书简和布道文等。

他的这些作品和传统的宗教文学有极大的区别，纵使其教义已不再流行，其艺术性依然令人感动。

二什么是新批评理论新批评派是20世纪最重要的文学批评流派之一，是一个形式主义文论派别，起源于20世纪20年代的英国，随后的三十年里在美国逐渐形成和发展，故也被称为“英美新批评派”。

它是英美现代文学批评中最具影响力的流派，因1941年兰塞姆出版的《新批评》一书而正式得名。

多元互补论下多角度赏析《清明》不同英译版本对于译作来说，要判断其价值，不能只运用一种标准去衡量，而是应从不同的角度、不同的层次，用不同的标准去评估其多重价值。

众多翻译任务中诗歌翻译一向是个难题。

本篇所选的唐代杜牧的《清明》是一首广为传诵的好诗，当代不少翻译名家都曾翻译过此诗的英译版本。

本篇文章将从多元互补论的翻译标准出发，对《清明》的几个译本进行对比赏析，多角度的分析不同译法对诗中不同意境的传达。

关键词：多元互补论、意象、清明一、古诗词英译研究理论简要概述与多元互补论由于“新文化运动”的影响，越来越多的翻译家着眼于西方诗歌而忽略了中国古典诗歌的翻译。

直到改革开放以来，古诗词英译各理论才开始觉醒，九十年代中期各个翻译理论才在诗歌英译领域找到立足点并逐渐繁荣。

在这段时间对于早期的诗学范式，人们普遍不认同散文体译诗方法，也不完全支持“音、义、形”三美的格律派译诗观。

刘重德认为：用格律诗译格律诗，如能讲求格律，又无损原意，自属上乘，于必要时，在“韵体译法”行不通的具体情况下，也可以考虑改用散体来译，免得“因韵害义”（刘重德 2000）。

进入21世纪以后，各种路径的研究趋于系统化，辜正坤教授就曾提出“翻译标准的多元互补论”（辜正坤 2003）。

无论诗学范式还是语言学范式都存在自身无法克服的缺点，一种范式要想不断完善和成熟，就要借鉴其他范式的某些理论和方法。

“多元互补论”首先强调一种立体思维模式。

辜正坤教授认为，翻译标准的多元化本身就意味着翻译标准的互补性。

而翻译标准多元互补论不只是用来解决翻译方面的理论性问题，更重要的是可以用来解决翻译实践上的问题。

二、《清明》及其背景介绍对于古诗词赏析第一步是要了解诗歌的内容以及背景，这样能在赏析译文的时候不偏离其总体意境。

杜牧是一位既悲叹自己生不逢时又立志报国、力挽晚唐颓废之势的有识之士，这位陕西人20多岁便出游各地，体察民情，在他途经杏花村时，写下了这首千古传诵、妇孺皆知的诗。

清明这首诗赏析英语作文Title: Appreciation of the Poem "Qingming"The poem "Qingming" (清明) is a celebrated piece in Chinese literature, written by the renowned Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu (杜牧). It vividly depicts the scenery and emotions surrounding the Qingming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day. This festival holds significant cultural and historical importance in Chinese tradition, reflecting themes of remembrance, familial piety, and the passage of time. Let's delve into a comprehensive analysis of this poem in English.Introduction:The Qingming Festival falls on the 15th day after the Spring Equinox, usually around April 4th or 5th. It's a time for families to visit the graves of their ancestors, clean the tombstones, and make offerings. Du Mu's poem captures the essence of this solemn occasion while alsoconveying personal reflections and societal observations.Content Analysis:1. Scenic Depiction:The poem begins with picturesque descriptions of nature awakening from winter's slumber. Phrases like "The rain has cleared, the sky is high and blue" evoke a sense of freshness and renewal. Du Mu employs imagery such as "flowers bloom on the willow trees" and "peach and plum are in full bloom" to paint a vibrant scene of springtime.2. Emotional Undercurrents:Amidst the beauty of nature, there's an undercurrent of melancholy. The poet reflects on the passage of time and the transient nature of life. Lines such as "The past is like a dream; a dream it was, and now it's gone" convey a sense of nostalgia and wistfulness. The Qingming Festival serves as a poignant reminder of mortality and the inevitability of change.3. Cultural Significance:Du Mu skillfully weaves cultural elements into the poem, highlighting the rituals and traditions associated with Qingming. References to "cleaning the tomb and sweeping the grass" underscore the importance of honoring ancestors and maintaining familial bonds. The act of "burning paper in front of the grave" symbolizes reverence and the belief in an afterlife.4. Social Commentary:Beyond its cultural significance, "Qingming" offers subtle commentary on society. The poet observes the disparity between the rich and the poor, as evidenced by the contrasting scenes of "carriages and horses lining up at the bridge" and "begging children crying in the street." This juxtaposition reflects societal inequalities and the fleeting nature of worldly pursuits.Themes:1. Nature and Renewal: The poem celebrates the arrival of spring and the rejuvenation of the natural world after winter's dormancy.2. Memory and Remembrance: Qingming serves as a time for reflection and paying respects to ancestors, emphasizing the importance of familial bonds and cultural heritage.3. Transience and Impermanence: Du Mu contemplates the fleeting nature of life and the inevitability of change, urging readers to cherish the present moment.Conclusion:In conclusion, Du Mu's poem "Qingming" is a poignant reflection on the intersection of nature, culture, and human experience. Through vivid imagery and introspective musings, the poet invites readers to contemplate the passage of time, the significance of tradition, and the ephemeral beauty of life. "Qingming" not only captures theessence of a timeless festival but also offers profound insights into the human condition.This analysis showcases the depth and richness of Du Mu's poetry, demonstrating its enduring relevance and universal appeal. As we commemorate Qingming and honor our ancestors, may we also find solace and wisdom in the timeless verses of this celebrated poet.。

鉴赏氓的作文从情感的角度英文回答：Appreciating the works of Ma is a truly emotional experience. His art has a way of evoking deep feelings and connecting with the soul. The use of color, texture, and composition in his paintings creates a powerful emotional impact on the viewer. Each brushstroke seems to carry a piece of the artist's heart, and as a result, his works are able to stir up a wide range of emotions within the audience.One of the most striking aspects of Ma's art is the way he captures the essence of human emotions. Whether it's the joy of a lively street scene, the sorrow of a solitary figure, or the tranquility of a serene landscape, his paintings are able to convey the raw emotions of the subjects. This ability to tap into the universal human experience is what makes his art so emotionally resonant.Furthermore, Ma's art has a certain timelessness to it that allows it to transcend cultural and linguistic barriers. The emotions he captures are not bound by any specific time or place, but rather speak to the fundamental aspects of the human condition. This universality is what gives his art such a profound emotional impact on people from all walks of life.In conclusion, appreciating Ma's art from an emotional standpoint is a deeply moving experience. His ability to tap into the core of human emotions and express them through his art is truly remarkable. Each of his paintings has a unique way of touching the hearts of those who view them, making his work a powerful testament to the emotional depth of the human experience.中文回答：鉴赏马的作品是一种真正的情感体验。