Sociology of Health PPT WEEK#8

stem
goal orientation aggression ambitions emotions
digestive system
THE SYSTEMIC RELATIONSHIP IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING PREMISES:
1. The individual is a psychological and physiological (psychosomatic) person interacting with the socioeconomic environment. 1. The primary determinants of health and illness are mutually interrelated psychological, physiological, and socioeconomic factors.
3. Socio-economic System:
• Urbanization, industrialization, the environment, lifestyle, values, nutrition, working conditions, etc., are included here. • Such conditions change continuously, and their effects can be far-reaching. For example, urbanization and industrialization, the crisis in values and automation in the workplace, have been identified as the causes of health disorders aptly known as “problems in living.”
A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS

There is no doubt that scientific and technological developments in medicine have vastly expanded our knowledge of disease and the means of controlling them.
1. Psychological System:
• This includes emotions, aggression, cognitive perspective, etc. • Emotions fluctuate during normal life events; • If the person is able to maintain a mental balance during periods of emotional stress, that person is considered to be mentally healthy. • However, the loss of employment, family breakdown, and the death of a loved one can trigger a serious disorder in the psychological system.
• It represents a wide range of concerns that influence health and illness.
• In this model, three fundamental systems collectively determine health and illness. • Health policies must be designed keeping in mind the interaction of all these three systems simultaneously. • Healthcare professional must be trained in all three dimensions to diagnose the disease adequately.

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH
Socioeconomic System
environment industrialization lifestyle working/living conditions values
Physiological System
nervous system circulatory system immune system respiratory system reproductive system
• Organs of the system have their components such as tissues, cells and molecules, which form the human body. • Physiological system is damaged due to lifestyle, such as heavy drinking, smoking and lack of physical exercise.
• Biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive approach.
• It integrates biomedical aspects with the social, psychological and environmental aspects of health and illness.
• China is currently going through this situation and Chinese people are experiencing both physical and psychological impact of changes in the socio-economic system.
• The psychological reactions to such events have been identified to include depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and the weakening of the body’s immune system.
1. Physiological System:
• This pertains to the biological structure, and includes all the sub-systems such as the circulatory system, respiratory system, immune system, nervous system, digestive system and so on.
• Physiological system is also affected by the environmental conditions, such as urban pollution. This is a real problem in China where lots of people suffer from respiratory disease (asthma). • Chemicals in the food chain also affect the physiological system that causes cancer, Alzheimer and other health problems. • Physiological system is affected by social and economic system, such as high stressful jobs are a major cause of heart attacks and strokes.
1. Disease is a result of systemic biopsychosocial disorder.
1. Appropriate treatment for disease includes psychological, physiological, and socioeconomic “counteractants” applied synergistically.

However, the mechanistic approach to human body undermined our sense of “whole person.”

The mechanistic biomedical model individualizes illness and fails to take into account socio-economic and environmental factors that contribute to illness. This reductionist approach is inadequate.