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印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域当地时间26日上午8时发生里氏8.5级的强烈地震。
由此地震引发的大海啸最高时高达10米，波及斯里兰卡、泰国、马来西亚，印度等东南亚国家沿海地区，造成巨大的经济损失，超过11000人死亡，大片地方被海水淹没。
斯里兰卡是受灾最为严重的国家，受害人数已超过4500人，多人失踪，另有数千人不得不离家避难。
其它国家如泰国，情况也非常严重，2300人死亡，700人失踪，死亡人数预计还会继续增加。
目前，各受灾国家已经采取紧急措施，世界各国也加以援手，抢救灾民。
(CNN) -- Massive tsunamis triggered by the largest earthquake to shake the planet in more than 40 years wiped out coastal areas across Asia as far as 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) away, killing more than 11,000 people.More than 4,500 people are reported dead in Sri Lanka, along with thousands more fatalities in Indonesia and India and hundreds dead in Thailand.The initial quake, measuring 9 in magnitude, struck about 160 kilometers (100 miles) off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra island around 7 a.m. Sunday (0000 GMT), according to the U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquake Information Center. It is the fourth largest earthquake in recorded history, according to the NEIC. The measurements have been taken since 1899.News agencies in Indonesia reported over 4,000 dead, many of them in Aceh, in northern Sumatra, about 160 kilometers (100 miles) from the quake's epicenter. CNN has been able to confirm only 500 people killed there but that figure is set to soar as communications and access improve to the ravaged region."We still haven't got any reports from Array the western coast of Aceh, which isclosest to the epicenter, so officialsare bracing themselves for a lot morebad news," said journalist JohnAglionby in Jakarta.Sri Lankan military authorities arereporting more than 4,500 peoplekilled, most of them in the easterndistrict of Batticaloa. Several districtsin the country's south have still not reported casualty figures, and authorities fear the death toll could rise.Officials said thousands were missing and more than a half million had beendisplaced.The huge waves also swept away a high security prison in Matara, in southern Sri Lanka, allowing 200 prisoners to escape. Eyewitnesses in the eastern Sri Lankan port city Trincomalee reported waves as high as 12 meters (40 feet), hitting inland as far as a kilometer (half a mile).The Sri Lankan government declared a state of emergency, and along with the government of The Maldives has requested international assistance, the United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported.Sri Lankan officials imposed a curfew as night fell, and tourists were being evacuated from the eastern coasts to the capital, Colombo, which is on the west coast and was unaffected.India agreed to assist Sri Lanka, sending two naval ships to the resort town of Galle, in the south, and Trincomalee, according to Colombo officials.Indian aircraft will bring in relief supplies to the Array country on Monday.India reelingIndia itself is reeling from the aftermath of thequake and tsunamis. Indian officials said atleast 2,300 Indians were killed as a result ofthe massive waves. A resident of Chennai(formerly Madras) in Tamil Nadu district -- thehardest hit area -- said he witnessed several people being swept away by a tidal wave.Along India's southeastern coast, several villages appeared to have been swept away, and thousands of fishermen -- including 2,000 from the Chennai area alone -- who were out at sea when when the massive waves swept across the waters have not returned.Along the coast, the brick foundations of village homes were all that remained.Official state media said 1,725 people were killed in Tamil Nadu state. At least 300 people died in India's remote Andaman and Nicobar islands, which were closer to the quake's epicenter. Most of the aftershocks have been centered off those islands.A further 700 were missing.Three hundred others were reported to have been killed in other states, withthousands missing, many of them fishermen at sea when the waves hit.Paradise destroyedThai authorities say more than 200 are feared dead, and hundreds are missing after the massive waves swept through coastal areas, including Krabi and the popular resort islands of Phuket and Phi Phi.One witness said Phuket's famed Laguna Beach resort area is "completely gone." The area provides 40 percent of Thailand's $10 billion annual tourist income.Among the missing were a number of scuba divers exploring the Emerald Cave off Phuket's coast.Officials say the final toll in Thailand may be closer to 1,000.Phuket's airport -- which closed down when its runways flooded -- reopened, but most roads remained closed, as officials tried to assess the damage, fearing structural damage to buildings closer to the shore.Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra arrived in Phuket and said the situation was "under control." He told CNN he planned to stay the night and direct rescue and relief efforts.Eyewitnesses reported people drowning in their hotel rooms near the coast as 30-foot waves washed ashore. Others reported narrow escapes -- including one man whose alert but screaming boat driver turned their boat directly into a nearby shore. As he and his passengers scrambled up the steep beach, the waves crushed their boat.There were also fatalities reported in The Maldvies. However, an accurate death toll has not been assessed because communications to the outlying islands have been cut off.The earthquake is classified as "great" -- the strongest classification given by the NEIC.NEIC geophysicist Don Blakeman said all of the tsunamis were triggered by the initial quake. Waverly Person, Blakeman's colleague at NEIC, said the tsunamis are "long over at this point," and residents and visitors should not be concerned with more high water.One major aftershock, measuring 7.3 in magnitude, struck about 300 kilometers (200 miles) northwest of Banda Aceh -- on Sumatra's northernmost tip -- over four hours after the initial quake, according to the NEIC. The rest of the aftershocks measured under 6.5 in magnitude.The NEIC expects the quake to produce hundreds of smaller aftershocks, under 4.6magnitude, and thousands smaller than that."A quake of this size has some pretty serious effects," he said.He explained the quake was the energy released from "a very large rupture in the earth's crust" over 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long. The rupture created shockwaves that moved the water along at several hundred miles per hour.It was the strongest earthquake to hit since March 1964, when a 9.2 quake struck near Alaska's Prince William Sound. The strongest recorded earthquake registered 9.5 on May 22, 1960, in Chile.CNN Correspondents Aneesh Raman in Phuket, Satinder Bindra in Colombo and Suhasini Haidar in Chennai contributed to this report.。
自然灾害普查典型案例1. 2004年印度洋地震和海啸2004年12月26日，印度洋发生了里氏9.1级的强烈地震，引发了巨大的海啸，影响了印度尼西亚、泰国、斯里兰卡、印度等国家。
海啸造成了超过23万人死亡，数百万人受伤和失去家园。
这次灾害震撼了全球，并引发了对灾害预警系统的改进。
2. 2010年海地地震2010年1月12日，海地发生了里氏7.0级的地震，震中位于首都太子港附近。
这次地震造成了大约23万人死亡，30万人受伤，数百万人失去家园。
由于海地的基础设施薄弱，救援工作困难重重，这次地震引发了全球范围内对海地重建的关注。
3. 2005年美国卡特里娜飓风2005年8月29日，飓风卡特里娜袭击了美国的新奥尔良市和周边地区。
这是美国历史上最严重的自然灾害之一，造成了超过1800人死亡，数十万人流离失所。
卡特里娜飓风暴露了美国对于自然灾害的准备不足，引发了对于灾害应对能力的广泛讨论。
4. 2011年日本东北地震和福岛核灾难2011年3月11日，日本东北地区发生了里氏9.0级的强烈地震，引发了巨大的海啸。
地震和海啸导致了 1.5万人死亡，数十万人失去家园。
此外，福岛核电站发生严重事故，导致核泄漏和辐射污染。
这次灾难震撼了全球，并引发了对核能安全的重新评估。
5. 1970年秘鲁安达斯地震1970年5月31日，秘鲁南部地区发生了里氏7.9级的地震，该地震导致了25,000-70,000人死亡，数十万人无家可归。
这次地震震惊了世界，也引发了对于发展中国家地震准备能力的重视。
6. 2008年中国四川汶川地震2008年5月12日，中国四川省汶川县发生了里氏8.0级的强烈地震。
这次地震造成了近8.7万人死亡，超过37万人受伤，数百万人失去家园。
中国政府展开了规模庞大的救援和重建工作，这次地震引发了对于中国灾害应对能力的关注。
7. 1991年菲律宾南部苏禄地震1991年8月17日，菲律宾南部苏禄群岛发生了里氏7.8级的地震，造成了超过7,000人死亡，数十万人无家可归。
印度洋海啸牵动中国心The Indian Ocean Tsunami Touches Upon the Heart of ChinesePeople2004年12月26日,印度洋发生强烈地震并引发海啸。
这场突如其来的灾难给印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、泰国、印度、马尔代夫等国造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。
A strong earthquake followed by tsunami in Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004 hit Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India and Maldives, causing enormous casualties of life and property losses .灾害发生后，中国人民对受灾国人民表现出强烈的关爱和巨大的同情。
中国国务院总理温家宝在东盟地震和海啸灾后问题领导人特别会议上表示，“这场灾难牵动着每一个中国人的心。
我们愿分担你们失去亲人、朋友、同胞的痛苦与悲伤，我们将继续尽最大努力，协助你们进行抗灾和重建工作。
”The disaster aroused broad concern among the Chinese people who showed due sympathy and care to the disaster-stricken areas. Premier Wen, while attending the special summit meeting after the earthquake and tsunami of ASEAN, made the remarks, saying “This disaster touches upon the heart of every Chinese. We will share your agony and sorrow of losing relatives, friends, andcompatriots. We will do our best to assist your fighting the calamity and reconstruction.”中国政府进行了迄今为止最大规模的对外救援行动，向受灾国增拨援助资金，并很快派出数批医疗队和救援队，迅速赶赴灾区现场参加救援工作，各种救灾物资紧急运抵主要受灾国家。
神秘的海啸阅读及答案海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪，发生在海底的地震、火山爆发等，都可能会引起海啸。
下面是我为大家整理的《神秘的海啸》的文章阅读以及相关的阅读答案，希望对你们有帮助。
《神秘的海啸》科科原文阅读2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛北部附近海域发生里氏8.9级地震。
地震引发海啸，造成印尼、斯里兰卡、印度、泰国、马来西亚等国共15万人死亡。
究竟什么是海啸?海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。
发生在海底的地震、火山爆发、宇宙天体撞击等，都可能会引起海啸。
海底地震是引发海啸的主要原因。
海底发生强烈地震时，海底地层发生断裂，部分地层猛然上升或者下沉，造成从海底到海面的整个水层发生剧烈“抖动”。
这种“抖动”与平常所见的海浪大不一样。
平常所见到的海浪一般只在海面附近起伏，涉及的深度不大，波动的振幅随水深增加衰减很快。
地震引起的海水“抖动”，则是从海底到海面整个水体的波动，其中所含的能量十分惊人。
海啸的物理实质是大量海水在短时间内的激烈运动，如果海底地震不引发海水的大规模位移，就不会引发海啸。
只有发生在深海区的里氏6.5级以上的地震，才有可能引起海啸。
海底地震引起海啸有两种形式。
某些地震引起海底地壳大范围的急剧下降，海水首先向突然错动下陷的空间涌去，并在其上方出现海水大规模积聚，当涌进的海水在海底遇到阻力后，即翻回海面产生压缩波，形成长波大浪，并向四周扩散。
这种下降型的海底地壳运动形成的海啸，在海岸首先表现为异常的退潮现象。
某些地震引起海底地壳大范围的急剧上升，海水也随着隆起区一起抬升，并在隆起区域上方出现大规模的海水积聚，随后海水向四周扩散，形成汹涌巨浪。
这种隆起型的海底地壳运动形成的海啸，在海岸首先表现为异常的涨潮现象。
海啸时掀起的狂涛骇浪，高度可达十多米至几十米，形成“水墙”，时速可达数百千米，形成“四海翻腾云水怒”的惊人奇观。
另外，海啸波长很大，可以传播几千公里而能量损失很小。
海啸到达前，会发出与通常的波涛声完全不同的频率很低的吼声。
海啸案例分析引言：海啸作为一种自然灾害，在海岸线沿着大洋或者海洋的附近造成了严重的破坏和人员伤亡。
它们通常是由于地震、火山爆发或者其他水下地质运动引起的，而且往往在几分钟或者几小时内席卷整个海岸线。
本文将通过分析两个海啸案例来深入了解海啸发生的原因、对人类和环境造成的影响以及未来减少灾害风险的方法。
案例一：2004年印度洋海啸2004年12月26日，印度洋发生了一系列规模巨大的地震，其中最引人注目的是面积达到600,000平方公里的，震级达到9.1-9.3的那次地震。
这场地震引发了一系列海啸，其中印度尼西亚和泰国等沿海国家受到了最严重的影响。
这场海啸造成了近230,000人死亡，数十万人失去家园。
整个印度洋地区的港口、城市和旅游景点都被毁坏。
这次海啸的破坏性极大，引起国际社会的广泛关注。
研究发现，这次海啸的主要原因是地震造成的地壳断裂。
地壳断裂引发了大规模的海底滑坡，海底滑坡又导致了巨大的海水波动。
这种海底滑坡产生的海啸波长高达300公里，速度超过800千米/小时，给沿海地区造成了毁灭性的打击。
案例二：2011年日本福岛海啸2011年3月11日，日本发生了一场规模为9.0的大地震，这是自1900年以来日本最强烈的地震之一。
这次地震引发了一系列海啸，其中最严重的是福岛县的海岸线遭受的打击最严重。
这次海啸导致了超过18,000人死亡，数百万人被迫撤离家园。
除了人员伤亡外，这场海啸还导致了核电站事故，福岛核电站的四个反应堆发生了熔毁事故，导致广泛的核泄漏。
研究人员认为，这次海啸的原因是地震引发的海底地壳断裂。
海啸造成了高达39米的浪高，几乎完全淹没了海岸线附近的城市和农田。
减少海啸风险的方法：。
印度尼西亚地区的海啸报道(in English)I am sure everyone heard about the quake and tsunami in Indonesia a week ago. Nobody can believe that just happened before New Year 2005. There were 100,000 people have been killed in this disaster. People lost their family, no house to sleep, no food to survive.When I watched the news on TV couple days ago, I got shocked. I cannot see anything from TV but water. ONLY WATER!My sister's friend had a baby on 23 Dcember. The tsunami took away her with the three-day-old baby. One of the survivors said.People there begged "we need food. We are survived now but without food, we will die".Kofi Annan spoke of the "sheer complexity" of the relief effort, which is spread across a dozen nations.Aid supplies are piling up in regional warehouses but in some places heavy rain has provided an extra obstacle to delivering them to outlying areas.Mr Annan will travel to Indonesia on 6 January to take part in a meeting of world leaders to discuss further aid.Survivors are still emerging from the ruins left by the huge quake-triggered waves, which struck a week ago.At least 124,000 people have been confirmed dead around the rim of the Indian Ocean, with Indonesia's Aceh province worst hit.The UN has warned the final death toll is likely to be more than 150,000 - and may never be known.US Secretary of State Colin Powell will travel to Asia on Sunday to see the damage first hand.He will be accompanied by Florida Governor Jeb Bush, the president's brother, who has dealt with the aftermath of several powerful hurricanes in his state in recent months.FORLORN SURVIVORSThe full impact of 26 December's huge earthquake and tsunami is still emerging a week on.The BBC's Andrew Harding travelled by boat down the coast of the large Indonesian island of Sumatra - the worst hit place - to survey the damage.But in addition to desolation, he also found two large groups of forlorn survivors desperate to reach the outside world.The discovery underlines the challenge facing Indonesian authorities now massive amounts of aid and equipment have begun to arrive - managing the operation to make sure such groups are rapidly given help.In Sri Lanka, heavy rains have brought flash flooding, cutting off parts of the east and south-east of the island and seriously disrupting aid distribution.Fears of an outbreak of waterborne disease among the hundreds of thousands of people thought to be flocking to emergency camps are also high.There are similar fears in Aceh, Indonesia, where heavy rains have also hit.But there have been amazing stories of survival. The Indonesian Red Cross is reported to have dug a man out from under the ruins of a house in the provincial capital Banda Aceh after hearing his cries for help.And on India's remote Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a woman who escaped the killer waves gave birth in the forest, AP news agency reported. She named her son Tsunami.Aceh aid operation gets into gearAid has begun to arrive in Indonesia's devastated Aceh province in significant quantities, speeded up by the arrival of US military helicopters.But distribution is being hampered by the devastation to local infrastructure wreaked by Sunday's quake and tsunami.Heavy rain in Aceh is also increasing the risk of cholera and other waterborne diseases.The Indonesian government says up to 100,000 may have died, but the final total may never be known.Hundreds of survivors in Aceh swarmed to the provincial airport on Saturday, drawn by the arrival of Seahawk helicopters from US aircraft carrier, Abraham Lincoln, which is moored off shore, as well as other foreign military aircraft.The vehicles are reported to be carrying food, water and generators. Back on board the Abraham Lincoln, the Americans say they have the facilities to purify up to 90,000 gallons of water a day.The Americans are also bringing in 80 trucks from the town of Medan across the provincial border."We just got here, we're here to help and we're going to keep working until the mission is done... Where they say they need (aid) we will move it," Captain Larry Burt, commander of US Carrier Air Wing Two, told Reuters news agency.One place which needs immediate attention is the town of Meulaboh on Aceh's south-west coast, which only began receiving aid on Friday. The crew of an Indonesian naval ship which has already arrived said only 200 people were there to meet them, even though the town's population before the disaster was between 40-90,000.Distribution difficultiesBut although relief is now streaming in, the BBC's Rachel Harvey in Aceh says the problem is that there is a shortage of manpower on the ground to help unload supplies, and a shortage of safe places in which to store them.The chief of the US office for the co-ordination of humanitarian affairs in Indonesia, Michael Elmquist, told the French news agency AFP that it would take weeks to deliver supplies to the isolated areas of Aceh."It's a concern and we are desperately doing what we can to find ways of establishing distribution systems in Banda Aceh..."Helicopters are being used to reach some isolated areas, which will provide some relief. But unfortunately helicopters can bring in only a limited amount of supplies," he said.Even distributing aid to more accessible areas of Aceh is a monumental task, as a result of the destruction suffered by roads, bridges and telecommunication networks, in addition to the damage to government offices, clinics and military bases.Some parts of the provincial capital Banda Aceh have yet to be cleared - correspondents say bodies can be seen floating in the city's main river - and other parts of the province have not yet been reached at all.Increasing the misery for Aceh's survivors was the heavy rain which fell on the province on Saturday.In addition to making conditions more uncomfortable for the province's 500,000 or so refugees, it increases the risk of disease.Another problem complicating relief work is that the province remains under military control, with soldiers engaged in a long-running conflict with separatist rebels.Both sides said earlier this week that they were suspending hostilities, but there were reports on Friday of renewed skirmishes.Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said in a New Year's Eve speech that his country had not suffered such a devastating natural disaster for more than a century."Not since the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 have we been hit so hard by the devastating wrath of nature," he said."We mourn, we cry, and our hearts weep, witnessing thousands of those killed left rigid in the streets. We witness those who survive almost losing hope and deep in sadness and confusion."The Indonesian minister for people's welfare, Alwi Shihab, who has been put in charge of the relief effort, admitted that the government did not know how to handle the tragedy when it first happened."At first we had no idea how bad this disaster was," he told the BBC, "then we panicked."Our correspondent says the government must now make up for lost time and start co-ordinating what is likely to become a massive operation.There was, however, a piece of good news for the area on Saturday when a man who had been buried under his house in Banda Aceh was discovered still alive.１日一大早，福州４岁的小女孩林采薇就在父母的陪同下来到《海峡都市报》，希望通过报社将１０００元的捐款送到异国灾民手中。
