Business EnglishWarm-up1.How do you study most effectively? By studying…●at the same time every day/ at differenttimes of the day?●early in the morning/ late at night?●on your own/ with others?●at home/ at your place of study (schoolor college)?Studying at the same place and at the same time every day●Associate the place and time with concentration and studying●Create a set study routine●Develop a habit of studyingStudying best early in the morning●Feel energetic and refreshed●Be most efficient mentally (be the sharpest) ●Concentrate the mostStudying best late at night●Most productive and uninterruptedStudying on your own●Free●FlexibleStudying with others●Learning from discussing and sharing thoughts with each other●Helping /facilitating each other●Practicing speakingStudying at home●Comfortable, pleasant and relaxing ●Quiet with less distraction and noisesStudying in the classroom/library ●Forced to study●More focused●QuietWays of workingVocabularyReadingHow to job-share1.1Waysof workingListeningWorking from homeSpeakingA mini-presentationVocabulary❖Different ways of working1.How do you work most effectively?By working…●at the same time every day/ atdifferent times of the day?●early in the morning/ late at night?●on your own/ with others?●at home/ at your place of study (schoolor college)?2.Match these ways of working 1-8 to definitions A-I. Do you work in any of these ways?0 freelance1 teleworking2 job-sharing3 shift-work4 part-time5 temping6 consultancy7 flexitime8 hot-desking A You work during different parts of the day (eg. nights).B You sell your work or services to a number of different companies.C You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.D You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish.E You don’t have a permanent place or office to work at, but you find a place to work when you arrive.F You work for a company from home via email, phone or the Internet.G You only work for some of the week (not full-time).H You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part.I You aren’t employed by a company, but are paid to give specialist advice.VocabularyDifferent ways of working1.freelance2.teleworking3.job-sharing4.shift work5.part-time6.temping7.consultancy8.flexitime / flextime9.hot-desking ❖自由职业❖远程办公/居家办公❖分担工作❖轮班/倒班工作❖兼职❖临时工作❖顾问工作❖弹性工作时间❖办公桌轮用A freelancer, freelance worker, or freelance ➢works independently and on temporary contracts rather than for a long-term employer.Freelance professions:➢photographer, writer, website designer, graphic designer, accountant, dentist, lawyer, translator, etc.Freelancers are self-employed and●can decide what to do, where to provide their services, when to work and how they do their work●risk their own money in their work●can make a loss as well as a profit from their work●provide the main items of equipment they need to do their job●are free to hire other people to do the work they have taken on, or to take on helpers at their own expense●are responsible for correcting unsatisfactory work in their own time and at their own expenseTeleworkingAny way of working at a distance using a combination of computers and telecommunications. It is often associated with home-based working, but includes mobile working, etcWork from Home vs. Work at HomeTelecommuting❖T his term is used interchangeably with teleworking, and is the more common term in the US. The conceptual emphasis is on replacing the commute journey through electronic access to the workplace.word extension :telecommuter/home-based worker 远程办公者Job-sharingTwo workers share a single position and decide together when each will work and which tasks each will perform, and receive salary and benefits on pro- rata basis (in proportion )❖A kind of flexible work arrangementExamples:Two workers split the work of a single position 60%/40%, share the salary accordingly, and are in the office 2 days per week at the same time.Shift Work❖24 hr work schedules❖W ork that is broken into chunks of timee.g. the day shift may be 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; the night shift midnight to 8 a.m., etc.Related Term: OT (overtime pay加班工资)Permanent Full-Time JobsMost common way of working (50 to 80% of workers) Work directly for the organization with full benefits The “standard” workweek consists of five eight-hour days, totaling 40 hoursPart-Time Jobs❖M ost common alternative way to work❖w ork fewer than 30 or 35 hours per week❖A llows employers to adjust to changes in demand for products, services❖M eets the needs of workers with other personal responsibilitiesTemping❖W orking short employment tasks with a variety of clients, usually through a temping agency.❖T emping is great for building resume, learning skills, networking - and job flexibility and variety.Consultancy❖T he act of an individual or organization providing professional advice to others for a fee. A wide variety of consultants exist for many areas of organizational concerns, including management, accounting, finance, and legal and technical matters.Consultancy 咨询专家，咨询类公司FlextimeWidely practiced in organizations in the following ways:❖W orking 4 days at 10 hours per week❖W orking from 6:30am to 3:30 p.m.❖T aking a half hour for lunch❖W orking longer days and then half days❖W orking weekend daysFlextime(continued)❖H elps employees with other obligations (family, medical, etc.)❖H elps employers who need particular times covered outside the 8-5 shift❖H elps local communities with traffic problemsHot-desking❖a method of sharing desks with workers. This has been made easier by the use of laptops and allows workers to carry out their tasks anywhere when they are working from their own laptop.❖M ore productive use of office space3.Work in pairs. Think of some advantages or disadvantages for each way of working in exercise 2.Possible advantages Possible disadvantages Ways ofworkingfreelanceteleworkingjob-sharingshift-workpart-timetempingconsultancyflexitimehot-deskingWays ofworkingPossible advantages Possible disadvantages freelance you choose the job no job securityteleworking organize your worktime you need to be good at self-organizationjob-sharing more free time need to coordinate withother personshift-work gives you your daysfreetiringpart-time more free time less moneytemping lots of variety hard to progress yourcareerconsultancy well paid no job securityflexitime good for work-lifebalance not good for people who like routinehot-desking saves the companymoneydisruptive to employeesReading4.Read about job-sharing. Write these headings into eachparagraph.Get organized Set your limits Put pen to paper Two become oneOpen your mind Plan for disaster Find the perfect partner Don’t feel guiltyHow to job-shareWouldn’t it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Here’s the essential guide to making it work.(0) Find the perfect partner.Find someone you like. ‘Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,’ says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy. (1) Open your mindBosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits: ‘ Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy,’ Savage says.(2) Plan for disasterAlways discuss the worst-case scenarios. When Margaret Mills, a teacher, lost her job- share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable.‘We had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me,Get organized(3)Plan the system for handing work over carefully and play to each other’s different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each other’s particular skills and qualities.(4) Set your limitsManager should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employer’s expectations. Sue Osborn, a job- sharer for 21 years, says, ‘We’re often asked to do five-day weeks. Eventually you just have to say no.’(5) Put pen to paperAgree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement, etc. everyone should know where they stand from the beginning.(6) Don’t feel guiltyDo not work until 1am at home to make up for not being in the office every day. (7) Two become oneClients may not like having to deal with two people working closely together. As Savage says: ‘A job-share should be like a marriage--- one voice, one unit.’BACKLanguage points❖S hare Credit & Blame: Share Honor & Disgrace❖c onsultancy: consulting company❖r equest (n.) for sth. from sb. /demand for sth from sb. ❖e mbrace: complete accept sth such as a new belief, idea, or way of lifeeg. embrace Buddhism❖the worst-case scenario: the situation that is the worst one you can imagine❖fit in: be accepted by sb because you are similar to him/hereg. She does not fit in with him.❖h and over: give power or control to sb. elseeg. They formally hand power over to the new government next week.❖p lay to one’s strength: concentrate one’s efforts at doing what one is best ateg. The best advice in an interview is to play to your strengths and make no reference to the things you’re not so good at.❖d elegate the workload: divide the workload/job responsibilitiesdelegate: give part of your work/duties/ /responsibilities to sb who is more junioreg. He always delegates boring tasks to his assistant.Parental Leave (育儿假:包括分娩假和领养假)❖P arental leave is an employee benefit that provides paid or unpaid time off work to care for a child or make arrangements for the child’s welfare. Often, the term parental leave includes maternity ( 分娩假), paternity（父亲育婴假）, and adoption leave（领养假）. Often the minimum benefits are stipulated by law.Parental Leave by CountryPaid MaternalLeavePaid PaternalLeaveUnpaidMaternal LeaveUnpaid PaternalLeaveChina90 days100%Share of 104 weeks (2years) with mother4 weeks non-paid annually(max 13 weeks) given atleast one year's continuousemployment12 weeks France16 weeks (100%)rising to 26 weeks(100%) for third child3 days + 11consecutive daysShare of 104weeks (2 years)with fatherUK39 weeks paid, risingto 52 weeks paidfrom April 20102 weeks at a fixed amount( £123.06)4 weeks per year (non-paidand a max of 13 weeks)4 weeks per year(non-paid and a maxof 13 weeks)USA0 weeks0 weeks12 weeks❖p ut pen to paper: start writing stheg. I have lots of ideas for short stories but find it difficult to put pen to paper.❖k now where you stand: understand your position eg. Once you know where you stand you'll be able to make your next moveQuestionsHow easy would it be for you to job-share?Would your employer or boss think it was a good idea?❖W ork in pairs❖S tudent A is the employee❖S tudent B is the employer❖S tudent A wants to start job-sharing with another colleague, so she/he tries to convince Student B of the advantages of job-sharing❖S tudent B is skeptical and mention disadvantagesUseful expressions❖Y es➢have more free time -- pursue leisure activities and relax ➢have more time with the family➢with less work stress➢have someone to share credit and blame➢a means of keeping valued employees➢result in a more committed and productive work force ➢twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energyUseful expressions❖N o➢difficult to find someone you like / with similar ability, the right skill and experience➢need to coordinate with the other person( compatibility) ➢need careful planning to play to each other’s different strengths➢difficult to arrangeListening1. Y ou will hear a woman called Michela talking about working from home.1) What does she say is important when working from home?Have a timetable and stick to it.2) What does she think are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this way of working?Advantages:- you spend more time with the children- more flexibility- the company saves money on office space- no commutingDisadvantages:- sometimes you work in the evening- you miss people and office news2 Listen again and answer the following.1) Complete the notes about Michela’s typical day.7:00 – get up, get the kids ready8:30 –9:00 –12:00 –14:30 –take kids to school start workhave lunchfinish work2) How long has she been with her current employer?How long has she been home-working?She’s been with her current employer since she left school, but she’s been home-working for five years.3) Is she doing anything different from normal this week? She’s going to the office every day to meet visitors.Listening scriptI=Interviewer M=MichelaI: OK, Michela. You work from home now. Can you tell me about a typical day?M: Sure, I always get up around seven and the first thing I do is get the kids ready for school. I take them at eight thirty and then I always start work at home.I: Do you ever have a day where you decide to have the morning off and start work later?M: No, you can’t do that. It’s important with home-working to have a timetable and stick to it. If you end up watching TV or doing the cleaning then it isn’t for you. So I have lunch at twelve and finish work at two thirty to get the children.I: Was that why you gave up you office job?M: Yes, I wanted to spend more time with the children. It gives me more flexibility. Sometimes I need to work in the evening but usually it isn’t a problem.I: So how long have you been doing this kind of work?M: For about five years. I’ve been with the same comp any since I left school, but with the Internet and technology it’s easy now to be at home.I: So your employer doesn’t mind.M: No. It means the company saves money on office space and as long as I get the work done, they’re happy. Sometimes I still go into work to meet clients and so on. For example, I’m going in nearly every day this week because we have visitors from another company and I can’t really invite them over to my house. Besides, it’s nice to go in every s o often. I like to see people and catch up on the gossip and the news with my colleagues. I miss that side of going into work every day.I: Is there anything else you miss? M: Ermm. No, not really. And I’ll tell you what I really don’t miss and that’s having to spend two hours commuting on the bus and train every day…SpeakingA mini-presentationA: What is important when …?Job-sharing• Find someone you like.• Organize and plan how you share the work.••B: What is important when…?Working from home• Set up an office space inthe house.• Plan your working hoursand your breaks.••back43Tips❖I choose topic ,I would like to talk about…My topic is…❖I think there are three points/aspects to consider.I have the following points.I think we need to consider 3 aspects.My points are as follows.❖First, / To start withSecond/ Besides/Then/Secondly/In addition❖Third,❖总结：In conclusion,/In summary/so/in short/To conclude ,I think … are important when doing….❖Well, that’s all I want to say. Thank you!Basic Evaluation Standard①Voice② Eye Contact/ Body Language③Content④Structure⑤PacePossible answerA: What is important when …?Job-sharing1.Finding someone you like is the most importantwhen you start a job-share. As job-sharing is a way for two people to both fill one job, finding someone you like is very important for the success of thescheme. You may find one from your currentworkplace, or you may find one from outsidethrough all kinds of contacts.anizing and planning how you share the work isalso important. If it’s shared responsibility, there is no division of duties but the two people have to split the hours clearly to ensure that the work flowscontinuously. If it’s divided responsibility, eachpartner has to be clear about his own case – load or project to focus on during his working hours. If it is unrelated responsibility, the partners have to learnwhat their separate tasks are in the same department, and each has to do his own share well.munication is another important factor toconsider when you arrange the job-share,especially for shared responsibility. Partners have to communicate well so that jobs are donesmoothly. Using email, voicemail messages, daily logs and notes are some techniques that helpfacilitate communication.B: What is important when…?Working from home1.Setting up an office space in the house is importantwhen working from home. This will give you a feel of being in the office and concentrate more on work.In this way, it will be easy for you to differentiatebetween work time and private time you will not be easily distracted.2.It’s also important to plan your working hours andyour breaks. Make it like in the office and set atimetable. But do not overwork yourself to makeup for not being in the office every day. Make sure you have a break after you work for a few hours.。
