Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder品行障碍对立违抗性障碍.ppt

2019-2020学年度第二学期初三年级英语练习22020.4知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. My mother is very busy, so I often help _______ with the housework.A. meB. youC. herD. him2. Tom is my best friend. He comes _______ England.A. byB. toC. onD. from3. The doctor doesn’t feel well today, _______ he still works very hard.A. andB. butC. soD. or4. — Your skirt looks beautiful. _______ did you buy it?— At the shopping mall in my hometown.A. WhoB. WhyC. WhenD. Where5. — _______ I keep the magazine a little longer?— Yes, you can.A. CanB. NeedC. MustD. Should6. Peter’s father is surprised to find that Peter is as _______ as him this year.A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. the tallest7. There _______ many children running happily in the park every day.A. isB. areC. wasD. were8. My brother _______ me the answer as soon as he works out the difficult math problem.A. tellsB. toldC. has toldD. will tell9. While I _______ dinner last evening, Amy called me to ask about the homework.A. haveB. am havingC. hadD. was having10. Lisa _______ painting for five years and she paints well.A. learnedB. was learningC. has learnedD. will learn11. Mike is a tidy boy. His room _______ clean all the time.A. keepsB. keptC. is keptD. was kept12. — Could you tell me ______?— In a bookstore at the corner.A. where you buy this bookB. where do you buy this bookC. where you bought this bookD. where did you buy this book二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

GAD 广泛性焦虑障碍generalized anxiety disorderOCD 强迫症obsessive-compulsive disorderBDD 身体变形障碍body dysmorphic disorderTTM 拔毛症trichotillomaniaPTSD 创伤后应激障碍post traumatic stress disorderASD 急性应激障碍acute stress disorderDID 解离性身份障碍dissociative identity disorderADHD 留意缺陷多动障碍attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder MDD 重度抑郁障碍major depressive disorderPDD 持续性抑郁障碍persistent depressive disorderDMDD 破坏性心境失调障碍disruptive mood dysregulation disorder PMDD 经前期焦虑性障碍premenstrual dysphoric disorderBED 暴食障碍binge eating disorderARFID回避性/限制性摄食障碍PPD 偏执型人格障碍paranoid personality disorderSPD 分裂样人格障碍schizoid personality disorderASPD 反社会人格障碍antisocial personality disorderNPD 自恋型人格障碍narcissistic personality disorderBPD 边缘性人格障碍borderline personality disorderOCPD 强迫型人格障碍obsessive-compulsive personality disorder DPD 依靠型人格障碍dependent personality disorderASD 孤独症谱系障碍autism spectrum disorderCD 品德障碍conduct disorderODD 对立违背障碍oppositional defiant disorderMCI 轻度认知损害mild cognitive impairmentCBT 认知-行为治疗cognitive-behavioral therapyIPSRT 人际和社会节奏治疗interpersonal and social rhythm therapy ECT 电休克治疗electroconvulsive therapy。

精神病学词汇中英对照精神病学是现代医学科学的一个重要组成分支，它主要研究精神障碍的病因、发病机理、病象和临床规律以及预防、诊断、治疗和康复等有关问题。

接下来小编为大家整理了精神病学词汇中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!精神病学词汇中英对照一：特定阅读障碍Specific reading disorder特定拼写障碍Specific spelling disorder特定计算技能障碍Specific disorder of arithmetical skills混合性学习技能障碍Mixed disorder of scholastic skills器质性精神障碍Organic mental disorders阿尔茨海默(Alzheimer)病Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease阿尔茨海默病，老年前期型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease with early onset阿尔茨海默病，老年型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease with alte onset阿尔茨海默病，非典型或混合型Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease, atypical ro mixed type其他或待分类的阿尔茨海默病Mental disorders due to other type of Alzheimer is disease, or unspecified脑血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to vascular disease急性脑血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to vascular disease of acute onset皮层性血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to cortical vascular disease皮层下血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to subcortical vascular disease皮层和皮层下血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to mixedcortical subcortical vascular disease其他或待分类血管病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other vascular disease, or unspecified其他脑部疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other braindiseases脑变性病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to brain degeneration匹克(Pick)病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Pick is diseasf享廷顿(Huntington)病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Huntington is disease帕金森(Parkinson)病所致精神障碍其他或待分类的神经症Other or unspecified neruosis心理因素相关生理障碍Physiological disorders related to psychological factords进食障碍Eating disorders神经性厌食Anorexia nervosa神经性贪食Bulimia nervosa神经性呕吐Psychogenia nervosa其他或待分类非器质性进食障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic eating disorder非器质性睡眠障碍Nonorganic sleep disorders失眠症Insomnia嗜睡症Hypersomnia睡眠—觉醒节律障碍Disorder of the sleep-wake schedule睡行症Sleepwalking/somnambulism夜惊Night terrors梦魇Nightmares其他或待分类非器质性睡眠障碍Other or unspecifiednonorganic sleep disorders非器质性性功能障碍Nonorganic sexual dysfunction性欲减退Lack or loss of sexual desire阳痿Impotence冷阴Failure of femalegenital response性乐高潮障碍Orgasmic dysfunction早泄Premature ejaculation阴道痉挛Vaginismus性交疼痛Dyspareunia其他或待分类性功能障碍Other or unspecified sexual dysfunction人格障碍、习惯和冲动控制障碍、性心理障碍Personality disorders, Habit and impulse disorders, Psychosexual disorders 人格障碍Personality disorders偏执性人格障碍Paranoid personality disorder分裂样人格障碍Cchizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍Dissocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍(攻击性人格障碍)Impulsive personality disorder表演性(癔症性)人格障碍Histrionic (hysterical )personality disorder强迫性人格障碍Anankastic personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍Anxious personality disorder依赖性人格障碍Dependent personality disorder其他或待分类的人格障碍Other or unspecified personality disorder习惯与冲动控制障碍Habit and impulse disorders病理性赌博Pathological gambling病理性纵火Pathological fire-setting病理性偷窃Pathological stealing拔毛症(病理性拔毛发)Trichotillomania其他或未特定的习惯和冲动障碍Other or unspecified habit snd impulse disorders性心理障碍(性变态)Psychosexual disorders性身份障碍Gerder identity disorders易性症Transsexualism其他或待分类的性身份障碍Other or unspecified gender identity disorders性偏好障碍Disorders of sexual preference恋物症Fetishism异装症Fetishistic transvestism露阴症Exhibitionism窥阴症Voyeurism磨擦症Frotteurism性施虐与性受虐症Sadomasochism混合型性偏好障碍Mixed disorders of sexual perference其他或待分类的性偏好障碍Other or unspecified disorders of sexual preference性指向障碍Sexual orientation disorders同性恋Homosexuality双性恋Bisexuality其他或待分类的性指向障碍Other or unspecified sexual indirection disorders精神发育迟滞与童年和少年期心理发育障碍Mental retardation, and disorders ofpsychological development with onset usually occurring in childhood andadolescence精神发育迟滞Mental retardation轻度精神发育迟滞Mild mental retardation中度精神发育迟滞Moderate mental retardation重度精神发育迟滞Severe mental retardation极重度精神发育迟滞Profound mental retardation其他或待分类的精神发育迟滞Other or unspecified mental retardation无或轻微的行为障碍No or minimal impairment of behaviour 显著的行为障碍，需要加以关注或治疗Significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention or treatment其他或待分类的行为障碍Other or unspecifide behavioural impaiment言语和语言发育障碍Developmental disorders of speech and language特定言语构音障碍Specific speech articulation disorder表达性语言障碍Expressive language disorder感受性语言障碍Receptive language disorder伴发癫痫的获得性失语(Landau-Kleffner综合征)Acquired aphasia with epilepsy(Landau-Kleffner syndrome)其他或待分类的言语和语言发育障碍Other or unspecified developmental disorders of speech and language特定学校技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills其他或待分类的特定学习技能发育障碍Other or unspecified developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定运动技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorder of motor skills混合性特定发育障碍Mixed specified developmental disorders 广泛性发育障碍Pervasive developmental disorders儿童孤独症Childhood autism不典型孤独症Atypical autismRett综合征Rett is syndrome童年瓦解性精神障碍(Heller综合征)Childhood disintegrative disorder(Heller is syndrome )精神病学词汇中英对照二：其他或待分类的广泛性发育障碍Ogher or unspecified pervasive developmental disorders童年和少年期的多动障碍、品行障碍和情绪障碍Hyperkinetic, Conduct, and Emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence多动障碍Hyperkinetic disorders注意缺陷与多动障碍(儿童多动症)Attention dificit and hyperactivity disorder多动症合并品行障碍Hyperkinetic conduct disorder其他或待分类的多动障碍Other or unspecified hyperkinetic disorders品行障碍Conduct disorders反社会性品行障碍dissocial conduct disorder对立违抗性障碍Oppositional defiant disorder其他或待分类的品行障碍Other or unspecified conduct disorders品行与情绪混合障碍Mixed disorders of conduct and emotions 特发于童年的情绪障碍Emotional disorders with onset specifie to childhood儿童分离性焦虑症Separation anxiety disorder of childhood 儿童恐惧症(儿童恐怖症)Phobic anxiety disorder of childhood 儿童社交恐惧症Social anxiety disorder of childhood其他或侍分类的童年情绪障碍Other or unspecified childhood emotional disorders儿童广泛焦虑症General anxiety with onset specific to childhood儿童社会功能障碍Disorders of social functioing wigh onset specific to childhood and adolescence选择性缄默症Elective autism儿童反应性依恋障碍Reactiveattachment disorde of childhood其他或待分类的儿童社会功能障碍Other or unspecified cildhood disorders of social functioning抽动障碍Tic disorders短暂性抽动障碍(抽动症)Transient tic disorder慢性运动或发声抽动障碍Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder Tourette综合征(发声与多种运动联合抽动障碍)Toruette is syndrome其他或待分类的抽动障碍Other or unspecified tic disorders其他童年和少年期行为障碍Other behavioral disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence 非器质性遗尿症Nonorganic enuresis非器质性遗粪症Nonorganic encopresis婴幼儿和童年喂食障碍Feeding disorder of infancy and childhood婴幼儿和童年异食障碍Pica of infancy and childhood刻板性运动障碍Stereotyped movement disorders口吃Stuttering其他或待分类的童年和少年期精神障碍Other or unspecifide mental disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence其他精神障碍和心理卫生情况Other mental disorders and psychological health conditions待分类的精神病性障碍Unspecifide nonpsychotic disorder待分类的非精神病性精神障碍Unspecifide nonpsychotic disorder其他心理卫生情况Other psychological nonpsychotic disorder 无精神病Without psychosis诈病Malingering自杀Suicie自杀死亡Complete suicide自杀未遂Incomplete suicide准自杀Parasuicide自伤Deliberate sdle-harm病理性激情Pathological emotional outbursts病理性半醒状态Pathological semi-awakening state其他或待分类的心理卫生情况Other or unspecified mental health conditions待分类的其他精神障碍Other mental disorders, unspecified。

1. The human body is a masterpiece of art. The more one understands the functioning of the body, the greater appreciation one has for it. Even in disease, the body is quite remarkable in attempting to right what is wrong and compensate for it.人体是一个艺术的杰作。

更多的了解身体的功能,将更大的发挥它的价值。

即使在疾病时,身体也是非常引人注目，因为它尝试判断对修补错的。

2. Congenital birth defects, mental or physical, may be due to a developmental error resulting from a maternal infection such as rubella or German measles during pregnancy, the use of certain drugs, or t he mother’s excessive consumption of alcohol.精神或身体先天性出生缺陷,可能是由于母亲在怀孕期间感染风疹或德国麻疹等,使用某些药物或过度酗酒造成的发育错误。

3. Stress adversely affects the entire body, it reduces the ability of the immune system to counteract disease. Stress causes several diseases of the gastrointestinal system such as peptic ulcers and ulcerative colitis. It also aggravates respiratory ailments —asthma, for example —and other allergic conditions.压力对整个身体造成不利影响,它降低了免疫系统抵抗疾病的能力。

DSM-V ClassificationNeurodevelopmental disease 神经发育性疾病Intellectual disabilities智力低下Intellectual developmental disorders智力发育低下Global developmental delay全面发育迟缓Unspecified intellectual disability未定型智力低下Communication disorder交流障碍Language disorder语言障碍Speech sound disorder语音障碍Childhood-onset fluency disorders (stuttering) 口吃Social (pragmatic) communication disorder社交障碍Unspecified communication disorder未定型交流障碍Autism spectrum disorder自闭症Autism spectrum disorder自闭症与已知遗传/环境因素相关；与其他神经发育异常情况相关分型A，B需要强证据支持与智力异常、语言障碍或紧张症相关Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder注意力缺乏/多动症Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder注意力缺乏/多动症Other attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder其他注意力缺乏/多动症Unspecified attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder未定型注意力缺乏/多动Specific learning disorder特殊学习障碍With impairment in reading阅读障碍With impairment in written expression书面表达障碍With impairment in mathematics数学障碍Motor disorder运动障碍Developmental coordination disorder发育性协调障碍Stereotypic movement disorder刻板运动障碍Tourette's Disorder妥瑞氏症Persistent (chronic) motor or Vocal tic disorder持久运动或声音抽动障碍Provisional tic disorder临时抽搐症Other specified tic disorder其他指定的抽搐症Unspecified tic disorder未定型抽搐症Other neurodevelopmental disorders其他神经发育疾病Other specified neurodevelopmental disorder其他指定的神经发育疾病Unspecified neurodevelopmental disorder未定型神经发育疾病Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders精神分裂症谱系及其他精神异常Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder分裂型人格障碍Delusional disorder妄想性精神障碍Brief psychotic disorder短时精神障碍Schizophreniform Disorder精神分裂样精神障碍Schizophrenia精神分裂症Schizoaffective disorder分裂样情感障碍Bipolar type双向型Depressive type抑郁型Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder物质/药物所致精神症状Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition其他医疗状况所导致的精神症状With delusion妄想型With hallucination幻觉型Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder紧张症合并其他精神疾病Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition其他医疗状况导致的紧张症Unspecified Catatonia未定型紧张症Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic disorder其他精神分裂谱系及精神疾病Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic disorder未定型精神分裂谱系及精神疾病Bipolar and associated disorders双向情感障碍和相关疾病BipolarⅠdisorder双向一型（重躁狂重抑郁）BipolarⅡdisorder（轻躁狂重抑郁）Cyclothymic Disorder循环情感性精神障碍Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder物质或药物导致的双向及其他相关疾病Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition其他医疗状况导致的双向及相关疾病Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder其他双向及相关疾病Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder其他双向及相关疾病Depressive disorders抑郁症Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder破坏性情绪失调障碍Major depression disorder重性抑郁症Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)持续性心境低落Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder经前焦虑症Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder物质/药物导致的抑郁症Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition其他医疗状况导致的抑郁症Other Specified Depressive Disorder其他类型抑郁症Unspecified Depressive Disorder未定型抑郁症Anxiety disorders焦虑症Separation anxiety disorders分离焦虑障碍Selective mutism选择性缄默症Specific Phobia特定恐惧症Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)社交恐惧症Panic disorder惊恐性障碍Panic Attack Specifier惊恐发作Agoraphobia广场恐怖症Generalized Anxiety Disorder广泛性焦虑Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder物质/药物导致的焦虑症Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical ConditionOther Specified Anxiety DisorderUnspecified Anxiety DisorderObsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders强迫及相关障碍Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫症Body Dysmorphic Disorder躯体变形障碍Hoarding Disorder囤积症Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)拔毛发癖（拉扯障碍）Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder擦伤（抓挠皮肤）障碍Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related DisorderUnspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related DisorderTrauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders创伤与压力相关障碍Reactive Attachment Disorder反应性依赖障碍Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder抑制社会交往障碍Posttraumatic Stress Disorder创伤后应激障碍Acute Stress Disorder急性应激障碍Adjustment Disorders适应障碍Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related DisorderUnspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related DisorderDissociative Disorders解离性障碍Dissociative Identity Disorder分离性身份识别障碍（多重人格）Dissociative Amnesia离解失忆症Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder人格解体/现实感丧失症Other Specified Dissociative DisorderUnspecified Dissociative DisorderSomatic Symptom and Related Disorders躯体症状及相关疾病Somatic Symptom Disorder躯体症状疾病Illness Anxiety Disorder疾病焦虑障碍Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) 转换障碍（功能性神经症状）Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions影响其他医疗状况的心理因素Factitious Disorder人为失调Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related DisorderUnspecified Somatic Symptom and Related DisorderFeeding and Eating Disorders进食障碍Pica异食癖Rumination Disorder反刍性障碍Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder逃避性/限制性进食障碍Anorexia Nervosa神经性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa暴食症Binge-Eating Disorder狂食症Other Specified Feeding or Eating DisorderUnspecified Feeding or Eating DisorderElimination Disorders排泄障碍Enuresis尿床Encopresis大便失禁Other Specified Elimination DisorderUnspecified Elimination DisorderSleep-Wake Disorders睡眠障碍Insomnia Disorder失眠Hypersoninolence Disorder嗜睡症Narcolepsy发作性睡眠Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders呼吸相关睡眠障碍Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停Central Sleep Apnea中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停Sleep-Related Hypoventilation睡眠不足Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders昼夜节律睡眠障碍Shift work typeUnspecified typeParasomnias异态睡眠Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders非快速眼动睡眠觉醒障碍（包括夜游）Nightmare Disorder梦魇症Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder快速眼动睡眠行为障碍Restless Legs Syndrome不宁腿综合症Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep DisorderOther Specified Insomnia DisorderUnspecified Insonmia DisorderOther Specified Hypersomnolence DisorderUnspecified Hypersomnolence DisorderOther Specified Sleep-Wake DisorderUnspecified Sleep-Wake DisorderSexual Dysfunctions性障碍Delayed Ejaculation延迟射精Erectile Disorder勃起障碍Female Orgasmic Disorder女性性高潮障碍Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder女性性兴趣/觉醒障碍Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Genito-Pelvic痛/穿透障碍Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder男性性欲亢奋障碍Premature (Early) Ejaculation早泄Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual DysfunctionOther Specified Sexual DysfunctionUnspecified Sexual DysfunctionGender dysphonia性别焦虑Gender Dysphoria性别焦虑Other Specified Gender DysphoriaUnspecified Gender DysphoriaDisruptive, impuise-Control, and Conduct Disorders破坏性，控制不能以及行为障碍Oppositional Defiant Disorder对立违抗性障碍Intermittent Explosive Disorder间歇性爆发障碍Conduct Disorder品行障碍Antisocial Personality Disorder反社会性人格障碍Pyromania纵火狂Kleptomania盗窃癖Other Specified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct DisorderUnspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct DisorderSubstance-Related and Addictive Disorders物质成瘾性疾病Alcohol Use Disorder酒精使用障碍Alcohol Intoxication酒精中毒Alcohol Withdrawal酒精戒断Other Alcohol-Induced DisordersUnspecified Alcohol-Related DisorderCaffeine-Related Disorders咖啡因相关障碍Caffeine Intoxication咖啡因中毒Caffeine Withdrawal咖啡因戒断Other Caffeine-Induced DisordersUnspecified Caffeine-Related DisorderCannabis-Related Disorders大麻相关障碍Cannabis Use Disorder大麻使用障碍Cannabis Intoxication大麻中毒Cannabis Withdrawal大麻戒断Other Cannabis-Induced DisordersUnspecified Cannabis-Related DisorderHallucinogen-related disorder迷幻剂相关障碍Phencyclidine Use Disorder苯环己哌啶使用障碍Other Hallucinogen Use DisorderPhencyclidine Intoxication苯环己哌啶中毒Other Hallucinogen IntoxicationHallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder致幻剂引起的持久知觉障碍Unspecified Phencyclidine-Related DisorderUnspecified Hallucinogen-Related DisorderInhalant-Related Disorders吸入性药物相关障碍Inhalant Use Disorder吸入性药物使用障碍Inhalant Intoxication吸入剂中毒Other Inhalant-Induced DisordersUnspecified Inhalant-Related DisorderOpioid-Related Disorders阿片相关性障碍Opioid Use Disorder阿片使用障碍Opioid Intoxication阿片类药物中毒Opioid Withdrawal阿片戒断Other Opioid-Induced DisordersUnspecified Opioid-Related DisorderSedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders镇静剂，催眠剂，抗焦虑剂相关障碍Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder镇静剂，催眠剂，抗焦虑剂使用障碍Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication镇静剂，催眠剂，抗焦虑剂中毒Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal镇静剂，催眠剂，抗焦虑剂戒断Other Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced DisordersUnspecified Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder Stimulant-Related disorders兴奋剂相关障碍Stimulant Use Disorder兴奋剂使用障碍Stimulant Intoxication兴奋剂中毒Stimulant Withdrawal兴奋剂戒断Other Stimulant-Induced DisordersUnspecified Stimulant-Related DisorderTobacco-Related Disorders烟草相关障碍Tobacco Use Disorder烟草使用障碍Tobacco Withdrawal烟草戒断Other Tobacco-Induced DisordersUnspecified Tobacco-Related DisorderOther (or Unknown) Substance-Related DisordersGambling Disorder赌博成瘾Neurocognitive Disorders神经认知障碍Delirium谵妄Other Specified DeliriumUnspecified DeliriumMajor and Mild Neurocognitive DisordersMajor or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s DiseaseMajor or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder（Probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration）Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy BodiesMajor or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive DisorderMajor or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV InfectionMajor or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Prion DiseaseMajor or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Parkinson’s Disease Major or Mild Neu rocognitive Disorder Due to Huntington’s Disease Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Multiple Etiologies Unspecified Neurocognitive DisorderPersonality Disorders人格障碍Cluster A Personality DisordersParanoid Personality Disorder偏执型人格障碍Schizoid Personality Disorder分裂样人格障碍Schizotypal Personality Disorder分裂型人格障碍Cluster B Personality DisordersAntisocial Personality Disorder反社会性人格障碍Borderline Personality Disorder边缘型人格障碍Histrionic Personality Disorder表演型人格障碍Narcissistic Personality Disorder自恋型人格障碍Cluster C Personality DisordersAvoidant Personality Disorder回避型人格障碍Dependent Personality Disorder依赖型人格障碍Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder强迫型人格障碍Other Personality DisordersPersonality Change Due to Another Medical ConditionOther Specified Personality DisorderUnspecified Personality DisorderParaphilic Disorders性欲倒错障碍Voyeuristic Disorder偷窥障碍Exhibitionistic Disorder暴露障碍Frotteuristic Disorder摩擦障碍Sexual Masochism Disorder性受虐症Sexual Sadism Disorder性施虐症Pedophilic Disorder恋童癖Fetishistic Disorder恋物症Transvestic Disorder扮异性症Other Specified Paraphilic DisorderUnspecified Paraphilic DisorderOther Mental DisordersMedication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other AdverseEffects of MedicationOther Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinicai Attention。

强制就医》中主人公行为的心理透视高尔基曾经建议：把文学叫做“人学”。

就是说文学要立足人、观察人、思考人和表现人，通过文学作品展现丰富多彩的人性世界。

主要体现在对人、人性和人道主义精神的表现上。

主体的人生经验是创作的现实基础。

威廉？卡洛斯？威廉斯(William Cados Williams )是20 世纪美国最负盛名的几个诗人之一。

生于纽泽西州的路瑟佛( Ruther-ford )，在宾州大学就读医科，并在莱比锡就读一年，主修小儿科。

身为医师，他在家乡路瑟佛花费许多时间于诊疗病人及接生小孩上，职业与出身造就了这是个现实味十足的诗人。

他的作品反映这位医师背景，喜爱以内在观点检阅物质事物与所有生活情况下的人们。

他对细微观察的偏好赋予了其作品深刻的洞察力与充实的本质。

他的小说The Use ofForce 《强制就医》(也有译作《使用武力》的)就是最好的例子。

威廉斯在自述体小说《强制就医》中，讲述了一位医生述说自己被请去一个贫民家庭给一个小女孩看病的经过，而那个貌似芭比娃娃的小女孩对他有种莫名的敌意，且任性无比，任凭这个医生及其父母好话说尽也不肯合作，拒不张口让医生检查其喉咙，最后在复杂的情绪中医生对这个小女孩使用了“暴力” (强行撬开其口进行了检查)。

以往的评论似乎都集中在对小说中医生的批判上，认为医者父母心，医生的神圣职业似乎绝不应该涉及“暴行”，否则就是“丧心病狂”或者“心理变态”。

正如有文章就此提出：“医生能否为了病人的利益而对无知任性的病人施暴？继而向全社会提出了一个更为严峻的伦理道德问题：从事崇高职业的人是否可以为了达到职业上的目的而对一个理智不健全又任性的弱者动用武力？”（朱甫道，1998）。

但在反复研读《强制就医》之后，笔者有些不同的看法，认为彼时彼景“暴行”势不可免，医生在那种情况下的过激行为和患病女孩神经质般的反抗都有着深刻的心理根源。

别林斯基曾提出“每一个典型都是熟悉的陌生人”的著名观点，小说中的医生没有“丧心病狂”，更不是“心理变态”，而是所有所谓正常人的“影子”。