研究生英语学术写作

第一节研究生学术英语写作概述1.1 研究生学术英语的重要性在当今信息爆炸的时代，学术英语已经成为研究生必备的一项能力，研究生需要用英语进行文献检索、写作发表学术论文、参加国际学术会议等活动，因此具备良好的学术英语能力是非常重要的。

1.2 研究生学术英语写作的特点研究生学术英语写作与普通英语写作有着明显的区别。

研究生论文要求严谨、规范、逻辑性强，需要运用大量的学术词汇和专业术语，因此研究生学术英语写作具有一定的专业性和技术性。

1.3 研究生学术英语写作的要求研究生学术英语写作要求文风严谨、思路清晰、逻辑严密、用词准确。

同时要求文章结构合理，论据充分，表达清晰流畅。

第二节研究生学术英语写作的基本步骤2.1 选题与立意研究生学术英语写作的第一步是选题与立意。

选题要有研究的价值和意义，符合自己的研究方向和兴趣爱好；立意要明确，不能偏离选题的研究范围，要确定写作的主题和内容。

2.2 文献检索与资料搜集研究生学术英语写作需要对相关的文献进行检索和阅读，积累资料和信息。

可以通过图书馆的文献资源、网络数据库、学术期刊等途径进行文献检索，获取论文所需的资料。

2.3 论文大纲的编写研究生学术英语写作需要先制定一份论文的大纲，包括概述、文献综述、研究方法、研究成果和结论等部分。

大纲的编写要突出主题，融合论文的整体思路和框架。

2.4 正式写作在完成以上准备工作后，就可以开始进行正式的写作了。

要遵循学术写作的规范，注重论据的支撑和数据的真实性，还要注意用词的准确性和表达的流畅性。

2.5 修改与润色写作完成后，还需要进行修改和润色。

修改要从论文的结构、内容、语言等方面入手，保障论文思路清晰，表达准确，逻辑严密，字里行间都能体现出严谨的学术态度。

第三节研究生学术英语写作的语言要求3.1 语法准确在学术英语写作中，语法错误是严重影响论文质量的因素之一。

研究生在写作时要注意句子结构的合理性、时态的使用准确性、句子成分的搭配等方面的问题，保证语法的准确性。

Unit 5: Academic WritingAcademic writing is an essential skill for graduate students. Whether it's writing research papers, essays, or dissertations, the ability to conveyplex ideas in a clear and organized manner is crucial for success in academia. In this unit, we will delve into the keyponents of academic writing, including structure, language, and style, and offer practical tips for developing your skills in this area.1. Understanding the Structure of Academic WritingAcademic writing typically follows a specific structure that includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should provide background information on the topic and clearly state the purpose of the paper. The body should present evidence, arguments, and analysis to support the m本人n thesis, while the conclusion should summarize the key points and reiterate the significance of the research. Understanding and following this structure is essential for producing coherent and persuasive academic writing.2. Developing an Academic Writing StyleAcademic writing requires a formal and objective tone. This means avoiding colloquial language, personal opinions, and emotional language. Instead, focus on using clear, precise, and formal language to convey your arguments and ideas. Additionally, pay attention to the use of citations and referencing to acknowledge the sources of your information and evidence. Developing a strong academic writing style takes practice, but it is a crucial skill for graduate students to master.3. Using Language Effectively in Academic WritingIn academic writing, it is important to use language that is precise and unambiguous. Avoid vague or ambiguous language, as this can weaken the clarity and effectiveness of your writing. Additionally, pay attention to the use of transitions and cohesive devices to ensure smooth and logical connections between ideas. By using language effectively, you can enhance the coherence and flow of your academic writing.4. Incorporating Research and EvidenceAcademic writing is heavily reliant on research and evidence tosupport arguments and cl本人ms. As a graduate student, it is important to develop strong research skills and the ability to critically evaluate sources. This includes identifying reliable and credible sources, synthesizing information from multiple sources, and effectively integrating evidence into your writing. By incorporating research and evidence, you can strengthen the validity and persuasiveness of your academic writing.5. Editing and Revising Academic WritingEffective academic writing is the result of careful editing and revision. After drafting your paper, take the time to review and revise it for clarity, coherence, and organization. Pay attention to the overall structure and flow of the paper, as well as the language, style, and tone. Additionally, proofread your work for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. By editing and revising your academic writing, you can ensure that it meets the highest standards of clarity and accuracy.ConclusionAcademic writing is a fundamental skill for graduate students, and mastering this skill is key to success in academia. Byunderstanding the structure of academic writing, developing a formal and objective writing style, using language effectively, incorporating research and evidence, and editing and revising your work, you can produce high-quality academic writing that is clear, coherent, and persuasive. With practice and dedication, you can continue to refine your skills in academic writing and excel in your academic pursuits.。

第七单元：学术英语写作学术英语写作在研究生阶段是非常重要的一门课程，它不仅是对学术研究能力的检验，更是研究生学术水平的重要体现。

本单元将以学术英语写作为主题，通过教学实践、案例分析、论文写作等方式，帮助研究生全面掌握学术英语写作的基本知识和技巧。

本单元的内容主要包括以下几个方面：一、学术写作基础知识在学术英语写作的基础知识部分，我们将着重讲解学术写作的基本定义、特点、结构要素，以及写作过程中的注意事项等。

通过对学术写作基础知识的讲解，帮助学生建立起对学术写作的整体认识，为后续的学习打下坚实的基础。

二、学术写作技巧在学术写作技巧部分，我们将结合具体的写作案例，系统地介绍学术写作的常用技巧，包括逻辑思维、论证方法、文献引用等方面的技巧。

还会通过实例分析，讲解如何进行学术写作中的概念定义、论据引用、论证分析等环节，帮助学生全面掌握学术写作的具体技巧。

三、学术写作范例分析在学术写作范例分析部分，我们将选择一些优秀的学术论文，对其写作结构、论证方法、语言表达等方面进行深入分析。

通过对范例的详细分析，让学生了解学术写作的优秀范例，激发学生的学习兴趣，帮助他们更好地理解学术写作的要求和标准。

四、论文写作实践在论文写作实践环节，我们将给予学生一定的写作任务，要求他们根据所学知识和技巧，完成一篇学术论文的写作。

在写作过程中，老师会给予指导和帮助，引导学生合理组织论文结构，严谨论证观点，选用恰当的学术词汇，提高学术论文的写作水平。

本单元的学习目标是培养学生的学术写作能力，帮助他们掌握学术写作的基础知识和技巧，提高学术写作的实际操作能力。

通过本单元的学习，相信学生们会对学术写作有更深入的理解，并在以后的学术研究中能够更加游刃有余地运用学术英语写作的技巧。

学术写作是研究生阶段非常重要的一门课程，不仅是对学术研究能力的检验，更是研究生学术水平的重要体现。

为了更好地掌握学术英语写作的基本知识和技巧，我们将深入探讨学术写作的核心要素和实际运用技巧，帮助研究生们提高学术写作的水平。

新时代研究生学术英语第四单元作文In the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of higher education, the role of academic English has become increasingly significant. Especially for graduate students, proficiency in this language is not just a prerequisite for successful research but also a key to unlocking the doors of global opportunities. The fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" highlights the nuances and complexities of this language, emphasizing its application in various academic contexts.Firstly, the unit focuses on the evolving nature of academic English. With the advent of new technologies and the expansion of the global knowledge base, the language of academia is constantly evolving. Terms and concepts that were once niche or specific to a particular field are now becoming more mainstream, crossing disciplinary boundaries. This shift requires graduate students to be not just passive learners of language but active participants in its evolution.Secondly, the unit delves into the importance ofcritical thinking in academic writing. Academic English isnot just about grammar and vocabulary; it's about expressing ideas clearly, critically, and persuasively. Graduate students are expected to analyze complex issues, synthesize information from multiple sources, and present their findings in a coherent and logical manner. This requires a high level of critical thinking skills, which the unit helps develop through various exercises and assignments.Moreover, the unit emphasizes the role of cultural awareness in academic communication. Academic English is not just a language; it's a cultural construct. Understanding the cultural backgrounds and contexts of different academic communities is crucial for effective communication. Graduate students need to be aware of the nuances of academic writing in different cultures, from the choice of words to the structure of arguments.Lastly, the unit covers the practical application of academic English in research papers and presentations. It provides guidelines on how to structure a research paper, choose appropriate language, and present findings effectively. This is invaluable for graduate students whoare embarking on their research journeys and aim to publish their work in international journals or present their research at international conferences.In conclusion, the fourth unit of "New Era Graduate Academic English" provides a comprehensive and holistic approach to academic writing. It equips graduate students with the language skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness necessary for success in the global academic arena. By mastering these skills, graduatestudents can not only excel in their academic careers but also contribute to the evolving narrative of academic English in the new era.**新时代研究生学术英语的演变：研究生的视角**在高等教育快速变革和发展的世界中，学术英语的作用变得日益重要。

研究生英语学术演讲稿范文Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. It is my great honor to stand here and share my research with you today. The topic of my presentation is the impact of artificial intelligence on the future of work.As we all know, artificial intelligence, or AI, has been developing rapidly in recent years, and its impact on the job market has become a hot topic of discussion. Many people are concerned that AI will replace human workers, leading to widespread unemployment. However, I believe that the situation is not so pessimistic.Firstly, AI has the potential to create new job opportunities. While it is true that some jobs may be automated, AI also has the potential to create new industries and professions. For example, the development of AI technology will require a large number of engineers, programmers, and data analysts. In addition, AI can also be used to improve efficiency and productivity in existing industries, creating new demand for skilled workers.Secondly, AI can complement human workers and improve the quality of work. Rather than replacing human workers, AI can be used to assist them in their jobs. For example, AI can be used to analyze large amounts of data and provide valuable insights, allowing human workers to make better-informed decisions. In addition, AI can be used to automate routine tasks, allowing human workers to focus on more creative and complex aspects of their work.Thirdly, the impact of AI on the job market will depend on how it is implemented and regulated. It is important for policymakers and industry leaders to consider the potential impact of AI on the job market and take steps to ensure that the benefits of AI are shared equitably. This may involve implementing training programs to help workers acquire the skills needed to work alongside AI, as well as implementing regulations to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits society as a whole.In conclusion, while the development of AI will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the job market, I believe that it is not a cause for alarm. By taking a proactiveapproach to the implementation and regulation of AI, we can ensure that it creates more opportunities than challenges for the future of work. Thank you for your attention.。

新时代研究生学术英语期末考试作文精选英文新时代研究生学术英语期末考试作文：Title: Navigating the Frontiers of Knowledge: The Role of Graduate Students in the New Era of Academic EnglishIn the dawn of the new era, where technology intertwines seamlessly with every facet of human endeavor, the realm of academic research has undergone a paradigm shift. As graduate students embarking on this exhilarating journey of intellectual exploration, mastering the nuances of academic English becomes paramount in navigating the frontiers of knowledge. This essay delves into the significance of academic English for contemporary graduate students, the challenges we face, and the strategies we can adopt to excel in this increasingly globalized and interconnected academic landscape.The Significance of Academic EnglishAcademic English, a precise and rigorous form of communication, serves as the lingua franca of scientific discovery and scholarly discourse. It enables researchers from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds to collaborate effectively, sharing ideas, theories, and empirical findings without barriers. In the new era, where research is increasingly interdisciplinary and international, fluency in academic English is not merely a skill; it is a gateway to accessing the vast ocean of knowledge, participating in global debates, and contributing meaningfully to the advancement of human understanding.Challenges Faced by Graduate Students1. Cultural and Linguistic Diversity: Graduate classrooms and research teams oftencomprise individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, posing challenges in terms of comprehension and expression.2. Technical Precision: The demand for accuracy and precision in academic writing, especially in fields such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), can be daunting for non-native speakers.3. Rapidly Evolving Fields: Keeping abreast of the latest terminology and discursive conventions in rapidly evolving disciplines can be challenging.4. Publication Pressures: The pressure to publish in high-impact journals, often in English, adds another layer of complexity to the graduate student experience.Strategies for Excellence1. Immersive Learning: Engage actively in English-speaking academic environments, such as attending international conferences, workshops, and seminars. This immersion helps develop a nuanced understanding of academic discourse and enhances linguistic proficiency.2. Targeted Language Practice: Utilize resources specifically designed for academic English, including writing centers, online courses, and style guides. Focus on mastering grammar, vocabulary, and citation styles relevant to your field.3. Collaborative Learning: Form study groups with peers from different linguistic backgrounds. This not only facilitates language exchange but also encourages cross-cultural understanding and perspective-taking.4. Mentorship and Networking: Seek out mentors and establish professional networks with senior scholars who can provide guidance on academic writing, publication strategies,and navigating the academic ecosystem.5. Critical Reading and Writing: Cultivate a habit of critically reading and analyzing academic texts. This will not only improve your comprehension skills but also inform your own writing style, ensuring clarity, coherence, and adherence to discipline-specific conventions.6. Embracing Technology: Leverage technological tools, such as grammar-checking software, citation managers, and online databases, to streamline your research and writing processes.ConclusionIn conclusion, the new era of academic research demands that graduate students not only possess deep domain knowledge but also excel in academic English. By embracing challenges head-on, adopting effective strategies, and continuously refining our linguistic skills, we can confidently navigate the frontiers of knowledge, contributing to the global conversation and advancing the boundaries of human understanding. As we embark on this journey, let us remember that academic English is not just a means to an end; it is the very language of discovery, innovation, and collaboration that unites us in our quest for truth and wisdom.中文对照翻译：标题：探索知识前沿：研究生在学术英语新时代的作用在新时代的黎明，技术与人类努力的各个方面无缝交织，学术研究领域发生了范式转变。

Unit 5 Reporting ResultsObjectives:-Understand the function and the major elements of the results section; -Learn the major steps to deal with the results section; -Use the tips for describing graphic information; -Grasp the tips for making comparison and contrast;-Learn the skills for choosing appropriate graphs and making graphs.Contents:- Teacher ‟s introduction;- Reading and discussion: Types of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors;- Language focus: graphic description; comparison and contrast;-Writing practice: using graphs and describing graphs (tables and charts);- Rewriting practice: grasping the major moves for outlining the results section; - Classroom extension: descriptions of data and graphs when reporting results.1. Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to report the results of your research? The standard approach to the results section of a research paper is to present the results with thestatisticaltechniques such as tables and charts. This does not mean that you do not need any text to describe data presented in graphs.Think about the following questions before reading the text and then have a discussion with your classmates.1. What is the function of the results section?2. What are the major elements included in the results section?3. What are the major steps for you to deal with the results section?4. How do you describe graphic information in the results section?5. How do you compare and contrast the data presented in graphs?The following is part of the results section of a research paper which investigated how EFL learners‟ type s of language for thinking influence their lexical collocational errors in speech.1.2 Reading PassageResultsTypes of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors1One key issue in this study was whether a learner‟s type of language for thinking influences lexical collocational production. 2This issue was explored by examining one retrospective report on the qu estionnaire, ……When tape recording, what language did you mainly use for inner speech?‟‟ 3Based on their responses, the 42 participants were classified into four language groups: Chinese, English, Chinese mingled with English, and other languages. 4The par ticipants‟ inaccuracy rates were compared, which were obtained by dividing the number of errors by the overall number of lexical collocations they produced individually, among the language groups.The preliminary analysis discovered that the 42 participants produced a total of 2,491 lexical collocations, and each participant created approximately 29 lexical collocations per minute. Regarding learner errors, 263 incorrect collocations were found among the 2,491 lexical collocations, resulting in an inaccuracy rate of 10.56. To report the effect of language for thinking on the production of lexical collocations in speech, Table 1 records the fact that 5 students stated that their type of language for thinking was for the most part Chinese. As Table 1 shows, 17 mainly used English for thinking, 20 primarily thought in Chinese mingled with English, and none thought in other languages. The inaccuracy rate of oral lexical collocations in each language group was calculated by dividing the total number of lexical collocational errors by the total number of lexical collocations produced. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that those who mainly thought in their native language (Mandarin Chinese) produced the highest inaccuracy rate of lexical collocations (M=15.17), followed by those who primarily thought in English (M=12.40) and those using a combination (M=8.44).Results of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) further displayed that the difference among these three groups reached a significant level, F(2,39)=4.07, p<.05. This result supports the notion that EFL learners‟ type of language for thinking appreciably influences their oral production of lexical collocations.To probe intergroup differences, the Fisher Least Significant Difference (LSD) posthoc test was adopted, which aims at discerning whether the comparison between groups reaches the significance level. The LSD test showed that the Chinese-mingled-with- English group had a markedly lower inaccuracy rate than the Chinese or English groups, while the difference between the Chinese and English groups was not significant. Thinking in both Chinese and English was more beneficial and effective to the EFL learners‟ oral production of lexical collocations.Table 1: Types of Language for Thinking and Inaccuracy Rates of Lexical CollocationsNote: Mean shows the average inaccuracy rate of collocati ons in each group.*P<.05(Hung-ChunWang & Su-Chin Shih, 2011) 1.3 Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Read the first paragraph and identify the information elements you find in each sentence of the text.1.3.2 Some verbs can be used to locate the results of the research, such as “show”and “indicate”. Read the second and third paragraphs carefully and think of the question: Which verbs did the authors use for locating the results?1.3.3 Read the second and third paragraphs carefully and think of the question: What is the function of the last sentence in the 2nd and 3rd paragraph s respectively?2Language Focus2.1 Graphic descriptionThe results section clearly presents the findings of your study. It is usually presented both in graph and text. First, prepare the graphs as soon as all the data are analyzed and arrange them in the sequence that best presents your results in a logical way. Then, as the results section is text-based section, the description of graphs is of great importance in paper writing. Good descriptions can help the readers understand your research better while using a single sentence pattern to describe the statistical and graphic information in a research paper will make your readers feel too bored and lose interest in reading on, so we need to pay more attention to the language use when describing the statistical and graphic information.Here we will introduce some useful words, phrases or sentence patterns which can be used in different situations of graphic description.If you need to highlight significant data in a table/chart, you may use some adjectives such as “apparent”, “clear”, “interesting”, “obvious”, “revealing”and “significant” to make your viewpoint known and meanwhile attract readers‟ attention.The following sentence patterns are useful for you when you report significant results or findings.1. It is apparent from Table 2 that...2. Table 5 is quite revealing in several ways.3. From Chart 5 we can see that Experiment 2 resulted in the lowest value of ...4. What is interesting in this data is that ...5. In Figure 10, there is a clear trend of decreasing ...6. As Table 2.1 shows, there was a great deal of difference between theexperimental group and the control group.7. As shown in Table 6.3, chunk frequency also has significant correlation withthe indices of oral proficiency.8. There was no obvious difference between Method 1 and Method 2.2.1.1 The following table lists results of a questionnaire concerning students‟interestand performance in class.Question 1: Y ou are very interested in the English writing course.□Strongly agree □agree □I don‟t know □disagree □strongly disagr ee Question 2: Y ou are active in group discussion in the classroom.□Strongly agree □agree □I don‟t know □disagree □strongly disagr eeNote: N=number; P=percentageNow you are required to report results from the interview. The following sentence patterns may be used in your report.1. Of all the subjects, 70 completed and returned the questionnaire form.2. The majority of respondents felt that …3. Over a half of those surveyed indicated that …4. A small number of respondents …5. A minority of participants (%) indicated ...6. In response to Question 1, most of those surveyed indicated that ...7. The overall response to this question was very positive.8. It is apparent from the table above that...____________________________________________________________________ 2.1.2 The following line graph shows an upward trend in growth rate of Ford car production during the period from January to December 2011.Look at the line graph carefully first and then do the following exercises.A. Mark the following places in the graph.a) The bottom of the line;b) The peak of the line;c) The fluctuating part.B. Describe the growth rate of Ford car production in the following months respectively. Try to use the phrases or sentence patterns of graphic description you learned in this section.a) In January: _________________________________________________________.b) From March to April:_________________________________________________.c) From May to September:______________________________________________.d) From October to December:___________________________________________.C. What does the overall line graph reveal in the growth rate of Ford car production during the period from January to December 2011?__________________________.2.2 Comparison and contrastWhen you are writing the reports section, you need to do much more than just give data. What you should always try to do is to convey more information with the data. Comparing and contrasting is a common way to deal with the data. The purpose of comparison is to show similarities while contrast is used to show differences. Through comparison or contrast between two or more things, the reader can understand them better.Here are some key words commonly used to express comparison or contrast.Note: Comparison and contrast is often used in graph description. Here are some points for you to pay special attention to.1) Not all the information has to be compared or contrasted with each other. It is common to introduce the most significant or important information and compare or contrast it. If necessary, you must make some calculation before comparing or contrasting the data.2) When comparing or contrasting information in the graphs, it is not necessary to lay equal emphasis on every change. Just give stress to those dramatic changes or to those that are of special interest to you, or those that you want your readers to pay more attention to and ignore the less important parts.3) The comparison/contrast should be supported by concrete and relevant facts or data.2.2.1 The tables below are the results of a research which examines the average marks scored by boys and girls of different ages in several school subjects. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.You should write a minimum of 150 words.Boys:Girls:3.Writing Practice3.1 Using graphsGraphs are commonly used in reporting the results of your research. A graph is a diagram, usually a line or a curve, which shows how two or more sets of numbers and measurements are related. Graphs usually include bar/column charts/graphs, pie charts, line graphs and tables.Generally speaking, bar charts are diagrams with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. However, they more clearly show the relationship of different parts of the sample to each other. They do not clearly show the parts in relation to the whole. The following bar chart shows the teachers with master‟s degree or above in Northwestern College according to gender.A pie chart is a circle divided into segments. Pie charts can be used to show the sizes of various parts of the results in relation to each other and in relation to the whole sample. They are usually used to show percentages. The following pie chart shows the percentage of living costs per month in a family.A line graph is a type of graph displaying information as a series of data points connected by continuous lines. It can show a pattern or trend which usually takes place over a period of time. The following line graphshows the change of annual income of an average family in a certain city in China. .A table is a set of facts and figures arranged in columns and rows. A table is a very useful way of organizing numerical information. Tables are efficient, enablingthe researcher to present a large amount of data in a small space. They can show exact numerical values and present quantitative data. They emphasize the discrete rather than the continuous. Here is a table which shows the percentage of the use of transportation vehicles in Northwestern College.Table Use of transportation vehicles in Northwestern CollegeTurn the table above into other graphs for your different research purposes.3.2 Describing a graphThe description of graphs is of great importance in paper writing because it can help the readers understand your research better. How do you describe a graph? Here are the major steps for you to follow:Step 1: Introduce the graphic information briefly and indicate the main trend.Normally it includes the place, time, content and purpose of the graph.Step 2: Describe the relevant and most important or significantdata and makesome comparison if necessary. Words and expressions for describing a curve or a trend are very useful in presenting graphic information.Step 3: Summarize the data/trends.3.2.1 The line graph below shows the sales amount of an online shop from Monday to Friday . Match the descriptive statements with the graph. Which are the correct statements describing the graph?A. The sales amount increased sharply from Monday to Tuesday .B. The sales amount reached a peak on Friday .C. There was a fluctuation in the sales amount.D. The sales amount dropped drastically from Wednesday to Thursday .3.2.2 Write a short passage describing the sales amount of an online shop from Monday to Friday with the information presented in the graph above.3.3 Describing a tableThe table below shows the results of the interviews on the teaching language(s) used by English teachers in class. Answer the following questions first and then according to the answers, describe the information in the table. Pay attention to the use of different sentence patterns when reporting the data.T able 1 T eaching l anguage(s) used by English teachers in classQuestions:1. What does the table show us?2. How many teaching languages are mentioned in the table?3. What language is used most frequently by English teachers in class?4. Do English teachers in class often use Chinese?5. In summary, what impression do you have on the teaching language(s) used by English teachers in class?3.4 Describing chartsThe following is a result from a market survey of personal computers. Report the result from a university student‟s perspective. First, describe the student‟s needs in personal computers. Then, compare and contrast the three types of personal computers in the items listed in the table below. Finally, conclude by stating which computer seems to be th e most suitable for the student‟s needs you have described.Table 2 A market survey of personal computers4. Writing project4.1 Get prepared for writing the results sectionBefore you write the Results Section of your research paper, you need to make everything ready for your writing. The following steps may be helpful for your preparation.1. Read the literature review section and the method section carefully and rethink about the research questions;2. Review you results and check whether they have answered all the research questions;3. Organize your results in a logical manner (For example, according to priority of the appearance of research questions);4. Prepare tables and/or other diagrams;5. Select appropriate language style and pay attention to the use of grammar;Work in groups and discuss what other preparations you can make for writing the results section of your research paper.4.2 Outlining the results sectionWhen outlining a results section, there are usually four major moves to follow.Move 1: Preparing informationThis move functions as a reminder and connector between the method section and the results section, as it provides relevant information for the presentation of results. It provides a review of issues mentioned in the method section, the location of tables or graphs where results are displayed and a general preview of the section. However, it is not obligatory because there are also results sections that do not have this move.Move 2: Reporting resultsMove 2 is the core element. It is the move in which the results of a study are presented, normally with relevant evidence such as statistics and examples. In this move, the authors need to locate where the results are and clearly describe the findings of the study both in diagrams and text.Move 3: Commenting on resultsThis move serves the purpose of establishing the meaning and significance of the research results in relation to the relevant field. It includes information and interpretations that go beyond the “objective” results. This can involve how the results can be interpreted in the context of the study, how the findings contribute to the field (often involving comparison with related literature), what underlying reasons may account for the results, or comments about the strength, limitations or generalizability of the results. As indicated by the frequency of moves and steps, this section is highly cyclical.Move 4: Summarizing resultsIn this move, the major results obtained are summarized in order to help readers understand the research better. This move is optional in a research paper due to the limited length while it is a must for a dissertation or thesis.Now, you are required to outline the results section of a research paper entitled Astudy of the effect of Chinese language on English writing with the moves given below.4.3 Drafting your results sectionBegin your writing now with the information you have just obtained from your survey.5. Final ChecklistHere are some useful questions to ask yourself about writing the results section of your paper:。

研究生学术英语读写教程unit10Unit 10: Writing a Research Paper IntroductionIntroduction:In this unit, we will focus on writing the introductory section of a research paper. The introduction is an important part of a research paper because it provides background information on the topic being studied, explains the significance of the research, and outlines the objectives or hypotheses of the study.1. Background InformationThe first part of the introduction should provide some background information on the topic being studied. This can include a brief history of the subject, a description of previous research on the topic, or an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field.Example: "Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of mental health disorders. Mindfulness involves paying attention to one"s thoughts, feelings, and sensations in the present moment, without judgment or distraction. Previous studies have shown promising results for the use of mindfulness-basedinterventions in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders."2. Significance of the ResearchThe second part of the introduction should explain why the research is important and significant. This can include discussing the practical or theoretical implications of the research, outlining any gaps in knowledge that the research aims to fill, or explaining how the research willcontribute to the field.Example: "Despite the growing interest in mindfulness-based interventions, there is still much to learn about their effectiveness, particularly in the context ofspecific mental health disorders. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a mindfulness-basedintervention for individuals with social anxiety disorder, with the goal of improving our understanding of the potential benefits of mindfulness-based treatments for this population."3. Objectives or HypothesesThe final part of the introduction should outline the objectives or hypotheses of the study. This can include stating the research questions that the study aims toanswer, outlining the specific goals of the research, or presenting the hypotheses that the study will test.Example: "The primary objective of this study is to determine whether a mindfulness-based intervention is effective in reducing symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Secondary objectives include examining the relationship between adherence to the intervention and treatment outcomes, and exploring potential mediators or moderators of treatment effects. We hypothesize that participants who receive the mindfulness-based intervention will demonstrate significant reductions in social anxiety symptoms compared to those in a waitlist control group."Conclusion:In this unit, we have discussed the key components of an introduction for a research paper. By providing background information, explaining the significance of the research, and outlining the objectives or hypotheses, the introduction sets the stage for the rest of the paper and helps to engage the reader. Remember to keep your introduction concise and focused, and to use clear and precise language to convey your ideas.。

Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with →tolerate looking into →investigatingFigure out → determine put into practice →implementCome up with → developed make up → constituteGet rid of → eliminate keep up → maintainGone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ.Structure of Data CommentaryData commentaries usually has these elements in the following order.1.location elements and/or summary statements2.highlighting statements3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,orother interesting aspects of the data可能涉及到排序题，有例如下：①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As canbe seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version ofa good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software.①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→ImplicationsⅢ.信息性摘要An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information.信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。

新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第四单元研究生学术英语综合教程1 - 第四单元在新时代，具备良好的学术英语能力对于研究生来说至关重要。

第四单元将围绕学术写作展开，为研究生提供必要的指导和技巧，以提升他们的学术英语水平。

本文将介绍第四单元的内容和相关要点。

一、学术写作概述学术写作不仅是交流学术研究成果的重要工具，也是培养研究生批判性思维和逻辑思维能力的有效方式。

它要求作者清晰、准确地表达自己的观点和论证，以及精确引用他人的研究成果。

学术写作的风格和结构有一定的规范，包括引言、理论框架、方法、结果和讨论等部分。

在写作过程中，需要注重语言的准确性、逻辑的一致性和文采的适度。

二、学术论文写作学术论文是研究生最常见的写作形式之一。

在撰写学术论文时，要明确研究目的、研究问题和研究方法，并对已有的研究成果进行综合分析。

此外，还需合理组织论文结构，确保逻辑连贯性和层次分明。

学术论文还要求使用恰当的学术词汇和术语，并遵循学术规范引用他人的研究成果。

在引用他人观点时，要标明出处，并用适当的方式进行引用，如直接引用或间接引用。

三、学术报告撰写学术报告是研究生学术交流的重要形式之一。

撰写学术报告时，要清晰地表达研究目的、方法和结果，并进行扎实的理论支持和数据分析。

此外，还要注意控制篇幅，提炼核心内容，确保整体结构的完整性。

学术报告的口头表达也很重要，要注意使用清晰简洁的语言，合理运用视觉辅助工具，如幻灯片和图表，增强表达效果和吸引力。

四、学术文献阅读与引用研究生需要阅读大量的学术文献，以扩展自己的知识和加深对某一领域的理解。

在阅读学术文献时，要学会筛选信息，提炼关键观点，并对文献进行综合分析和批判性思考。

在引用学术文献时，需要注重引文的准确性和格式规范。

常用的引用格式有APA、MLA和Chicago等，研究生应熟悉并遵守相应的引用规范。

五、学术写作技巧学术写作技巧对于提升学术英语水平至关重要。

以下是几点实用技巧：1. 多读优秀的学术论文和文章，学习其中的写作技巧和表达方式。

新时代研究生学术英语作文In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of academic English proficiency among graduate students in the new era. Mastering academic English skills is vital for students pursuing advanced degrees as it enables them to effectively communicate their research findings, collaborate with international colleagues, and contribute to the global academic community.Firstly, academic English proficiency allows graduate students to effectively communicate their research findings. Writing research papers, dissertations, and thesis requires a high level of language proficiency to convey complex ideas and arguments in a clear and concise manner. Additionally, presenting research findings at conferences or seminars necessitates the ability to give clear and coherent oral presentations. By acquiring academic English skills, graduate students can effectively disseminate their research outcomes and gain recognition within their field of study. Secondly, academic English fluency is essential for graduate students to collaborate with international colleagues. In today's globalized academic community, researchers from different countries often collaborate on projects, share knowledge, and integrate various perspectives. Effective collaboration requires clear communication, which can only be achieved through a shared understanding of academic English. Graduate students who possess strong academic English skills can engage in fruitful discussions, exchange ideas, and contribute to cross-cultural academic collaborations.Lastly, academic English proficiency enhances graduate students' ability to contribute to the global academic community. Many graduate students aspire to become professors or researchers in their respective fields. Publishing research articles in renowned international journals enhances their credibility and influence as academic scholars. However, publication is only possible when their work adheres to the rigorous standards of academic English. Through mastering academic English, graduate students can contribute valuable research findings, theories, and ideas to the global academic community, shaping the direction of their field and fostering intellectual growth worldwide.In conclusion, in the new era, graduate students must acknowledge the significance of academic English proficiency. It facilitates effective communication of research findings, collaboration with international colleagues, and contribution to the global academic community. Universities and educational institutions should provide necessary resources and support to enable aspiring graduate students to develop and enhance their academic English skills, which ultimately benefits both their personal and professional growth.。

研究生学术英语写作练习题Academic Writing Exercise for Graduate StudentsIntroduction引言Effective academic writing is an essential skill for graduate students as it allows them to communicate their research findings and ideas to a larger audience. In this exercise, we will explore various aspects of academic writing, including structure, language usage, and referencing. Through these practice exercises, graduate students can further enhance their academic English writing skills and produce high-quality research papers.1. Structure and Organization结构与组织The structure and organization of an academic paper play a crucial role in presenting research effectively. To achieve coherence and clarity, a typical research paper consists of the following sections:1.1 Introduction1.1 引言The introduction establishes the context and purpose of the study, providing background information, stating the research question or hypothesis, and outlining the significance of the research. It should be concise yet engaging, capturing the reader's interest and motivating them to continue reading.1.2 Literature Review1.2 文献综述The literature review evaluates existing research and scholarship related to the topic. It demonstrates the writer's understanding of the research field, identifies research gaps, and frames the research problem. The literature review should be well-organized, critically analyzing and synthesizing relevant sources to support the research.1.3 Methodology1.3 方法The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed in the study. It should provide sufficient details to allow readers to replicate the study if desired. Clear and concise explanations of the chosen methodology enable readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research.1.4 Results1.4 结果The results section presents the findings of the research. It should be presented objectively, using appropriate statistical analyses, tables, and figures to convey the results effectively. The results should be stated clearly and be relevant to the research question or hypothesis.1.5 Discussion1.5 讨论The discussion interprets and explains the results, relating them to existing knowledge and theoretical frameworks. It should address the research question or hypothesis and, if applicable, compare the findings with previous studies. The discussion should be analytical, providing insights into the implications and limitations of the research.1.6 Conclusion1.6 结论The conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications. It should restate the research question or hypothesis and highlight the contributions of the study to the research field. Concise and informative, the conclusion provides closure to the research paper.2. Language Usage语言运用2.1 Clarity and Precision2.1 清晰和准确Academic writing necessitates clear and precise language. To enhance clarity, use concise and specific language rather than vague or ambiguous expressions. Avoid using unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers. Furthermore, make sure to define and explain any specialized terminology used in the paper.2.2 Formal Tone and Style2.2 正式语调和风格Maintain a formal tone and style throughout the paper. Avoid colloquial language, contractions, and personal pronouns. Instead, use objective language and present ideas in a scholarly manner. Maintain a consistent voice and ensure the use of appropriate verb tenses to accurately convey information.2.3 Cohesion and Coherence2.3 连贯性和一致性To achieve cohesion and coherence, use appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas and paragraphs. Clear topic sentences should introduce each paragraph, and logical transitions should guide the reader smoothly through the text. Additionally, use appropriate referencing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and avoid plagiarism.3. Referencing引用3.1 Citation Styles3.1 引用风格Different academic disciplines adopt specific citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style. Students should familiarize themselves with the appropriate citation style for their research field and consistently apply it throughout the paper. Accurate and consistent referencing allows readers to locate the cited sources and verify the information.3.2 In-text Citations3.2 文中引用In-text citations are crucial for academic integrity and acknowledging the ideas of other researchers. When referring to an author's work or ideas, include the author's name, year of publication, and page number (if applicable) within the text. Use quotation marks for direct quotes and paraphrase or summarize information from other sources.3.3 Reference List3.3 参考文献列表At the end of the research paper, include a reference list that provides complete bibliographical details for all the sources cited in the text. Arrange the references alphabetically by the author's last name. Ensure the accuracy and consistency of the reference list by adhering to the specific citation style guidelines.Conclusion结论Mastering academic writing is a fundamental skill for graduate students. By understanding the structure, language usage, and referencing conventions of academic writing, students can produce well-organized, coherent, and impactful research papers. Through continuous practice and attention to detail, graduate students can enhance their academic English writing skills and effectively communicate their research findings to the academic community.。

研究生学术英语6-9单元作文Academic writing is a fundamental aspect of the research student experience, as it allows for the clear and concise communication of complex ideas and findings. In the context of research student academic English, units 6-9 focus on various elements of effective academic writing, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the effective incorporation of sources and citations.One of the key elements covered in these units is the structure and organization of a research paper. A well-structured paper can help to guide the reader through the author's argument and findings, making the content more accessible and easier to understand. Unit 6 explores the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. Students learn how to effectively structure each section to present their research in a logical and coherent manner.The introduction section is particularly important, as it sets the stage for the rest of the paper. In this section, the author must clearlyarticulate the research question or problem being addressed, provide relevant background information, and outline the scope and objectives of the study. Effective introductions are concise yet informative, and they help to engage the reader and pique their interest in the research.The literature review section is another crucial component of a research paper. In this section, the author must demonstrate their familiarity with the existing body of research on the topic and identify any gaps or limitations in the current understanding. This section requires the careful selection and synthesis of relevant sources, as well as the ability to critically analyze and evaluate the existing literature.The methodology section is where the author outlines the research methods and procedures used in the study. This section must be detailed and precise, providing the reader with a clear understanding of how the research was conducted and the rationale behind the chosen methods. Effective methodology sections also address any potential limitations or biases in the research design.The results section is where the author presents the findings of the study. This section must be organized in a clear and logical manner, with the use of appropriate visual aids such as tables and figures to help the reader understand the data. The author must also bemindful of the language and tone used in this section, ensuring that the presentation of the results is objective and impartial.Finally, the discussion section is where the author interprets the findings of the study and discusses their implications. This section requires the author to critically analyze the results, identify any limitations or alternative explanations, and situate the findings within the broader context of the existing literature. Effective discussion sections also suggest avenues for future research and highlight the practical or theoretical significance of the study.Throughout the research paper, the author must also be mindful of the language and tone used. Academic writing requires a formal and objective style, with the use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Unit 7 explores the use of academic language, including the use of precise and concise language, the avoidance of colloquialisms and contractions, and the appropriate use of passive voice and hedging language.The effective incorporation of sources and citations is another key element of academic writing. Unit 8 focuses on the use of in-text citations and reference lists, providing guidance on the appropriate use of different citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) and the effective integration of source material into the text. Proper citation and referencing not only demonstrate the author's familiarity withthe existing literature but also help to ensure the integrity and credibility of the research.Finally, unit 9 explores the importance of proofreading and editing in the academic writing process. Effective proofreading and editing can help to identify and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, as well as improve the overall clarity and coherence of the writing. This process is essential for ensuring that the final research paper is of the highest quality and effectively communicates the author's ideas and findings.In conclusion, the research student academic English units 6-9 provide a comprehensive overview of the key elements of effective academic writing. By mastering these skills, research students can develop the necessary competencies to produce high-quality research papers that effectively communicate their ideas and findings to the academic community. Through a focus on organization, language, citation, and proofreading, research students can enhance their academic writing abilities and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。

第三单元：学术写作与修辞手法1. 学术写作的基本要求在学术领域中，学术写作是非常重要的一环。

而学术写作的基本要求包括严谨性、客观性和准确性。

要求作者对所写内容有充分的了解和研究，避免主观性和误导性的言论，同时要准确无误地表达观点和论据。

2. 学术写作的修辞手法学术写作不仅需要有条理清晰的逻辑结构，还需要运用各种修辞手法来提高文章的表达效果。

修辞手法包括比喻、排比、对偶、强调等，这些手法能够使文章的表达更加生动、形象和有迷惑力。

3. 比喻比喻是一种常用的修辞手法，通过将抽象的事物比作具体的事物来表达作者的观点。

比喻可以使抽象概念更加具体化，更容易为读者所理解。

比喻也能够增加文章的趣味性，提高文章的可读性。

4. 排比排比是一种通过并列的修辞手法，通过将相似的词语或句子并列在一起，来加强语气，增强表达的力度。

排比可以使文章的逻辑更加清晰，同时也可以增加修辞的效果，使文章更加生动。

5. 对偶对偶是一种通过重复的修辞手法，通过将相似的成分对称地放置在文章中，来增强语气，使文章更加生动。

对偶可以使文章更加规整，增加文章的表达力。

6. 强调强调是一种通过重复或使用加强语气的修辞手法，通过强调某个观点或论据来突出其重要性。

强调可以使文章的重点更加突出，使读者更加关注其中的重要内容。

7. 总结学术写作与修辞手法密不可分，合理运用修辞手法可以提高文章的表达效果，使文章更具说服力和吸引力。

修辞手法也需要根据文章的内容和语境来选择和运用，不宜盲目追求修辞效果而忽略文章的逻辑和准确性。

在学术写作中，作者需要充分了解修辞手法的作用和运用技巧，才能写出高质量的学术文章。

在学术领域中，撰写学术论文和研究报告是研究生学习和工作中的必备技能。

掌握学术写作的基本要求和修辞手法对于研究生而言至关重要。

本文将继续深入探讨学术写作的相关内容，包括学术写作的基本要求和常用的修辞手法，并以实例说明如何运用修辞手法提升学术文章的表达效果。

一、学术写作的基本要求1.1 严谨性在学术写作中，严谨性是最基本的要求。

第五单元：学术写作中的逻辑连接本单元将重点介绍学术写作中常用的逻辑连接词和句式，这些连接词和句式能够帮助学术作者更好地组织文章结构，使文章逻辑性更强，层次更清晰。

1. 逻辑连接词的作用逻辑连接词是学术写作中不可或缺的一部分，它们可以连接句子、段落，甚至整篇文章，使文章的结构更加完整和紧凑。

常用的逻辑连接词包括but, however, therefore, moreover, furthermore等，它们在学术文章中起着承接、转折、因果、并列等不同的作用，帮助作者表达观点、构建论证。

2. 常用逻辑连接词及其使用方法2.1 but和howeverbut表示转折关系，常用于连接两个对立的观点，如“It is a challenging task, but it is worth trying.”而however则表示转折或对比，一般用在句子中部分，用逗号隔开，“The weather was bad, however, we still went out for a walk.”2.2 therefore和thustherefore表示因果关系，常用于引出结论，“The exp eriment f本人led, therefore we need to make some changes.”而thus则表示结果，“The research is promising, thus it deserves further study.”2.3 moreover和furthermoremoreover用于句首，表示补充，“Moreover, there are other factors that need to be considered.”而furthermore用于句中，表示进一步的论证，“The data is consistent, furthermore, the conclusion is reliable.”3. 逻辑连接句式的应用除了逻辑连接词外，逻辑连接句式也是学术写作中常用的工具，通过适当的句式安排，可以使文章结构更加清晰和紧密。

Unit 1 Understanding Academic EnglishObjectives:- Learn the purpose of this course- Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English- Build your learning ability via the Internet- Meet your teacher and new classmatesContents- Teacher’s introduction- Reading and discussion: How’s your voice?- Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity- Writing practice: understanding different styles- Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills- Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskDo you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer.Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in.1.2 Reading PassageHOW’S YOUR VOICE?Casual VoiceHey, dude, no way you can sit here!Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks!Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?!www, we gotta cancel the Consultative VoiceYou’re not allowed to sit inthis area, because it’s asafety concern.I’m so glad for our team, thegreat Fighting Aardvarks,and now together wecelebrate this victory.I’d prefer not to have thisparticular vegetable again, ifit’s possible. Does anyonereally enjoy this combinationof mushrooms and broccoli?It’s possible that our partymight have to be postponedor canceled because of theAcademic VoiceThis area must be keptclear for foot traffic.The Fighting Aardvarksclaimed victory over theBlue Vampires in thefinal round tonight. Bothteams competed well andthe fans are enthusiastic.Very few people enjoythis broccoli andmushroom dish.Therefore, it will not beserved again within thiscalendar year, or theservers will be killed.Due to the inclementweather, the AnnualTattoo Party will notparty ‘cause it’s totally raining like crazy! Sweeeet! I love those Indiana Jones movies! They’re awesome with the whip and the bugs and stuff. Everyone loves those flicks!bad weather that’s threaten-ing our location.Indiana Jones films arereally very popular withyour age group. Critics can’tdecide why such an oldcharacter is so appealing.take place this Thursdayat Finster Park. Theplanning committee willreschedule the event andrelease information assoon as possible.Hollywood is perplexedat the reasons that Indi-ana Jones is so favoredby such youngaudiences. The answerremains a mystery.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1 Do you know in which situation these voices are appropriately used? And why?1.3.2 Read the passage carefully again and decide the differences among them.2Language Focus2.1 Word ChoiceAcademic voice can be well expressed by choosing words. Here are some words to acquire:Here are some words to avoid.2.1.1 Can you match the formal and informal words and phrases?2.2 Structural complexity‘Syntax’ is the technical word that is used to describe sentence structure. It is extremely important that well-arranged sentences carry an academic voice, whereas choppy, simple sentences sound oral and colloquial. Sentences that are too short and poorly connected can be irritating to read. Conversely, sentences that are too long and rambling are difficult to follow and are likely to be confusing. Use a sentence length that allows your thoughts to flow clearly. Rewrite the following sentences into a text with well-ordered sentences and structural complexity.A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It indicates the relationship between the elements. These elements connect. We often find the following thing. In only one single sentence a conjunction contains one or more ideas. These ideas may be equal or unequal in importance. Ideas are equal, and we call them coordinate ideas. For example, John studies electronics. Helen studies Computing. These two sentences can become a compound sentence. It shows the relationship between the two ideas. We want to maintain the equality of the ideas. We call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.3.Writing Practice3.1Understanding different stylesRead the following texts and decide where they come from.1At AT & Bell Laboratories infrared lasers are being used to capture live microbes. Working like optical tweezers, the pressure of the laser light traps minute objects in itsfocus point. Researchers are using the device to move around viruses bacteria, and other cells they are study under the microscope. After several hours, however, the focus light will heat up the microbes to a boiling point.____________________________________________________________________ 2All we ask is that you spend two hours of your time attending a Barratt Sales presentation. There, you’ll discover the ben efits of timeshare. At Barratt we call it Holiday Ownership because that’s why it really is. You’ll be under no obligation to purchase, but we think you may be tempted._____________________________________________________________________ 3There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea.4Although many studies have already been done, more studies are needed to determine the effects of microcomputer-assisted instruction in various teaching situations.____________________________________________________________________ 5The parents of a seven-year-old Australian boy woke to find a giant python crushing and trying to swallow him. The incident occurred in Cairns, Queensland and the boy’s mother, Mrs. Dryden said: “it was like a horror movie. It was a hot night. He suddenly started screaming. We rushed to the bedroom to find a huge snake trying to strangle him. ” Mrs. Dryden and her husband, Peter, tried to stab the creature with knives, but the python bit the boy several times before escaping.____________________________________________________________________3.2. Choosing appropriate stylesNow you are going to write an essay in class for your teacher’s assignments. Which of the following sentences you would like to use for your writing?1. He couldn’t finish his work in the time given.2. The first set of results were compiled and presented by the other group of students.3. I would like to focus on the following areas of research: …4. They argued that this methodology was unreliable.5. In addition, the data was used to focus on the following hypothesis.6. I enjoyed my English class with you and am having a good experience this semester.7. At about twelve pm on August 21, 1984, she told us, I came out of the kitchen to toss out some water.8. We, at any rate, will continue to keep an open mind.9. Is the menu at that the French restaurant giving you trouble? Then you might need the V oice, a hand-held computer that translates spoken English into French, Spanish, German or Italian.10. There is an emerging consensus that a concerted effort on a national level will be required to capture the glittering prizes that a new technology offers.3.3. Rewriting PracticeRewrite the following passage into an academic one.Why are there so many jams on the roads these days? One thing is that public transportation like trains, buses, etc., is so dear. A long time ago cars cost a lot but now, unfortunately, they’ve got a lot cheaper. Another thing is that driving is a lot nicer than waiting for a bus. The trouble is that if everyone buys a car the roads get packed.4Writing ProjectThe following is a checklist for writing in academic English. It is not complete. Use the Internet, books, textbooks and lecturers' expertise to find out what other conventions could be applied to using academic English. And make a list of these conventions and keep this for future reference.Writing academic English● Use academic voice● Write with structural complexity● Avoid casual style● Distinguish formal and informal words and phrases●…5. Final Checklist。