【机械类文献翻译】齿轮和轴的介绍2

Gears are vital factors in machinery. One of the first mechanism invented using gears was the clocks. In fact, a clock is little more than a train of study and research have been made on gears in recent years because of their wide use under exacting conditions. They have to transmit heavier loads and run at higher speeds than ever before. The engineers and the machinists all consider gearing the prime elementin nearly all classes of machinery.齿轮在机械中占有极为重要的作用。

第一个利用齿轮做成的机械装置确实是钟表，事实上，它只只是是用了一系列的齿轮。

关于它能够在严格的条件下的普遍利用，在齿轮上做了大量的学习和研究。

相较过去，它们此刻必需在更高的速度下传递更重的负荷。

工程师和机械操纵工人都以为齿轮在几乎所有的机械的零件中占有首要的因素。

1. Spur gearsSpur gears are used to transmit power and rotary motion between parallel shafts. The teeth are cut parallel to the axis of the shaft on which the gears are mounted. The smaller of two gears in mesh is called the pinion and the larger is customarily Designated as the gear. In most applications, the pinion is the driving element whereas the gear is the driven element.1.直齿圆柱齿轮直齿圆柱齿轮用于平行轴之间传递力和回转运动，轮齿被切制成与安装齿轮的轴之轴线相平行。

毕业设计（论文）外文翻译GEAR AND SHAFT 外文题目INTRODUCTION 译文题目齿轮和轴的介绍专业工程机械专业班级机自082211H学生姓名徐佳宁学号200822010108指导教师要志斌日期2012/3/1齿轮和轴的介绍摘要:在传统机械和现代机械中齿轮和轴的重要地位是不可动摇的。

齿轮和轴主要安装在主轴箱来传递力的方向。

通过加工制造它们可以分为许多的型号，分别用于许多的场合。

所以我们对齿轮和轴的了解和认识必须是多层次多方位的。

关键词:齿轮；轴在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。

我们将研究作用力具有三维坐标的齿轮。

因此，在斜齿轮的情况下，其齿向是不平行于回转轴线的。

而在锥齿轮的情况中各回转轴线互相不平行。

像我们要讨论的那样，尚有其他道理需要学习，掌握。

斜齿轮用于传递平行轴之间的运动。

倾斜角度每个齿轮都一样，但一个必须右旋斜齿，而另一个必须是左旋斜齿。

齿的形状是一溅开线螺旋面。

如果一张被剪成平行四边形（矩形）的纸张包围在齿轮圆柱体上，纸上印出齿的角刃边就变成斜线。

如果我展开这张纸，在血角刃边上的每一个点就发生一渐开线曲线。

直齿圆柱齿轮轮齿的初始接触处是跨过整个齿面而伸展开来的线。

斜齿轮轮齿的初始接触是一点，当齿进入更多的啮合时，它就变成线。

在直齿圆柱齿轮中，接触是平行于回转轴线的。

在斜齿轮中，该先是跨过齿面的对角线。

它是齿轮逐渐进行啮合并平稳的从一个齿到另一个齿传递运动，那样就使斜齿轮具有高速重载下平稳传递运动的能力。

斜齿轮使轴的轴承承受径向和轴向力。

当轴向推力变的大了或由于别的原因而产生某些影响时，那就可以使用人字齿轮。

双斜齿轮（人字齿轮）是与反向的并排地装在同一轴上的两个斜齿轮等效。

他们产生相反的轴向推力作用，这样就消除了轴向推力。

当两个或更多个单向齿斜齿轮被在同一轴上时，齿轮的齿向应作选择，以便产生最小的轴向推力。

交错轴斜齿轮或螺旋齿轮，他们是轴中心线既不相交也不平行。

机械专业英文翻译 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】启动轴 starting axle 启动齿轮starting gear启动棘轮 starting ratchet wheel 复位弹簧 restoring, pull back spring弹簧座 spring seating 摩擦簧friction spring推力垫圈 thrust washer 轴挡圈axle bumper ring下料 filling 切断 cut 滚齿机 gear-hobbing machine剪料机 material-shearingmachine车床 lathe 拉床broaching machine垂直度 verticality, verticalextent 平行度 parallelism同心度 homocentricity位置度 position拉伤 pulling damage碰伤 bumping damage缺陷 deficiency严重缺陷 severe deficiency摩擦力 friction 扭距 twist滑动 glide 滚动 roll打滑 skid 脱不开 can’t seperate不复位 can’t restore 直径 diameterM值 = 跨棒距 test rod span公法线 common normal line 弹性elasticity频率特性 frequency characteristic误差 error响应 response 定位 allocation 机床夹具 jig 动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学 static分析力学 analyse mechanics拉伸 pulling压缩 hitting机床 machine tool刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结 link传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft剪切 shear扭转 twist弯曲应力 bending stress三相交流电 three-phase AC磁路 magnetic circles变压器 transformer异步电动机 asynchronous motor几何形状 geometrical精度 precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC 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gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams反馈 feedback发生器 generator直流电源 DC electrical source 门电路 gate circuit外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀 reamer螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear主运动 main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed进给运动 feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向 directionof resultant movement of cutting 切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face刀尖 nose of tool前角 rake angle后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe镗削 bore集成电路 integrate circuit挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion 冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal 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head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture 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thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块barreling 滚光加工 belling 压凸加工bending 弯曲加工 blanking 下料加工bulging 撑压加工 burring 冲缘加工cam die bending 凸轮弯曲加工caulking 合加工coining 压印加工 compressing 压缩加工compression bending 押弯曲加工crowning 凸面加工curl bending 卷边弯曲加工curling 卷曲加工cutting 切削加工 dinking 切断蕊骨double shearing 叠板裁断 drawing 引伸加工drawing with ironing 抽引光滑加工 embossing 浮花压制加工extrusion 挤制加工 filing 锉削加工fine blanking 精密下料加工 finish blanking 光制下料加工finishing 精整加工 flanging 凸缘加工folding 折边弯曲加工 folding 摺叠加工forming 成形加工 impact extrusion 冲击挤压加工indenting 压痕加工 ironing 引缩加工knurling 滚花 lock seaming 固定接合louvering 百叶窗板加工 marking 刻印加工necking 颈缩加工 notching 冲口加工parting 分断加工 piercing 冲孔加工progressive bending 连续弯曲加工 progressiveblanking 连续下料加工progressive drawing 连续引伸加工 progressiveforming 连续成形加工reaming 铰孔加工 restriking 二次精冲加工riveting 接加工 roll bending 滚筒弯曲加工roll finishing 滚压加工 rolling 压延加工roughing 粗加工 scrapless machining 无废料加工seaming 折弯重叠加工 shaving 缺口修整加工shearing 切断加工 sizing 精压加工/矫正加工slitting 割缝加工 spinning 卷边接staking 固 stamping 锻压加工swaging 挤锻压加工 trimming 整缘加工upsetting 锻粗加工 wiring 抽线加工冲压机械及周边关连用语back shaft 支撑轴 blank determination 胚料展开bottom slide press 下传动式压力机 board drophammer 板落锤brake 煞车 buckle 剥砂面camlachie cramp 铸包 casting on flat 合chamotte sand 烧磨砂 charging hopper 加料漏斗clearance 间隙 closed-die forging 合模锻造clump 夹紧 clutch 离合器clutch brake 离合器制动器 clutch boss 离合器轮壳clutch lining 离合器覆盖 coil car 带卷升降运输机coil cradle 卷材进料装置 coil reel stand 钢材卷料架column 圆柱 connection screw 连杆调节螺钉core compound 砂心黏结剂 counter blow hammer 对击锻锤cradle 送料架 crank 曲柄轴crankless 无曲柄式 cross crank 横向曲轴cushion 缓冲 depression 外缩凹孔dial feed 分度送料 die approach 模口角度die assembly 合模 die cushion 模具缓冲垫die height 冲压闭合高度 die life 模具寿命die opening 母模逃孔 die spotting press 调整冲模用压力机double crank press 双曲柄轴冲床 draght angle 逃料倾斜角edging 边锻伸 embedded core 加装砂心feed length 送料长度 feed level 送料高度filling core 埋入砂心 filling in 填砂film play 液面花纹 fine blanking press 精密下料冲床forging roll 辊锻机 finishing slag 炼後熔渣fly wheel 飞轮 fly wheel brake 飞轮制动器foot press 脚踏冲床 formboard 进模口板frame 床身机架 friction 摩擦friction brake 摩擦煞车 gap shear 凹口剪床gear 齿轮 gib 滑块引导部gripper 夹具 gripper feed 夹持进料gripper feeder 夹紧传送装置 hammer 槌机hand press 手动冲床 hand rack pinion press 手动齿轮齿条式冲床hand screw press 手动螺旋式冲床 hopper feed 料斗送料idle stage 空站 inching 微调尺寸isothermal forging 恒温锻造 key clutch 键槽离合器knockout 脱模装置 knuckle mechanic 转向机构land 模具直线刀面部 level 水平loader 供料器 unloader 卸料机loop controller 闭回路控制器 lower die 下模micro inching device 微寸动装置 microinching equipment 微动装置motor 马达 moving bolster 活动工作台notching press 冲缺口压力机 opening 排料逃孔overload protection device 防超载装置 pinch roll 导正滚轮pinion 小齿轮 pitch 节距pressfit 压入 progressive 连续送料pusher feed 推杆式送料 pusher feeder 料片押片装置quick die change system 快速换模系统 regrinding 再次研磨releasing 松释动作 reversedblanking 反转下料robot 机器人 roll formingmachine 辊轧成形roll forming machine 辊轧成形机roll release 脱辊roller feed 辊式送料 roller leveler辊式矫直机rotary bender 卷弯成形机 safetyguard 安全保护装置scrap cutter 废料切刀 scrap press废料冲床seamless forging 无缝锻造separate 分离shave 崩砂 shear angle 剪角sheet loader 薄板装料机 shot 单行程工作shrinkage fit 收缩配合 shutheight 闭合高度sieve mesh 筛孔 sintering of sand铸砂烧贴slide balancer 滑动平衡器 slughole 逃料孔spin forming machine 旋压成形机 spotting 合模stack feeder 堆叠拨送料机stickness 黏模性straight side frame 冲床侧板stretcher leveler 拉伸矫直机strip feeder 料材送料装置stripping pressure 弹出压力stroke 冲程 take out device 取料装置toggle press 肘杆式压力机transfer 传送transfer feed 连续自动送料装置turrent punch press 转塔冲床two speed clutch 双速离合器uncoiler 闭卷送料机unloader 卸载机 vibration feeder振动送料机wiring press 嵌线卷边机业务与贸易关连用语accept order 接受订货 account 帐户after service 售后服务 amendment 修正annual sales 年销售额 at sight 见票即付balance 余额 bank draft 汇票bargain goods 廉价品 batch 批次bid 出价 bid sales 投标买卖bill of landing 提单 bills receivable 应收票据brand 品牌 bulk cargo 散装货business transaction 商业交易 buyer 买方carbon copy 打字副本 cargo collection 揽货carton 纸箱 cash in advance 预付现金catalogue 型录 cheque 支票CLF 运费保险费在内价格 claim 索赔clearance goods 清仓品 commision 佣金commission 批发商 complain 抱怨container 货柜 correspondence bank 往来银行cost 成本 cost and freight; C&F 含运费价格custom broker 报关行 customer 客户D/A 承兑交单 D/P 付款交单deferred payment 分期付款 deferred shipment 分期装运delivery on spot 当场交货 delivery time 交期delivery order 交货单 discount 折扣discount on draft 贴现 documentary draft 跟单汇票down payment 订金 enclosure 附件endorsement 背书 enquete 调查exhibition 展览会 export 出口factory visiy 工厂参观 favourable price 合宜价格foreign exchange 外汇 free on board 船上交货价idea price 希望价格 import 进口Japanese Industrial 日本工业规格 invoice 发票L/C 信用状 margin 利润market 市价 net weight 净重no payment 拒绝付款 odd item 零头offer 报价 open account 交互计算order 订单 over looked 疏漏packing 包装 pamphlet 小册子partial shipment 分批装船 patent 专利paying price 合算价格 payment method 付款方式port of destination 目地港 port of trans-shipment转口港price 价格 price decending 减价price rising 涨价 procurement 采办prompt delivery 即时交货 purchase 购入purchasing agent 采购代理商 quotation 报价单rebate 回扣 reference 查询remittance 汇款 repeat order 追加订货request letter 请求函 rumor 风评second hand goods 二手货 shipper 货主shipping 装船 shipping mark 麦头shipment 出货 sold out 卖完sole agent 总代理商 special discount 特别折扣specification 规格 sample order 指样订货standing 信用情形 storage charge 仓租subcontract 外包 subject to final confirmation 有待确认之报价supplier 供应商 T/T 电汇tie-in sale 搭售 trade fair 商展会trans-shipment 转运 transferred 已转运wharf 码头。

齿轮与轴配合标准-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述齿轮与轴是机械传动系统中常见的零部件，它们通过配合来传递动力和扭矩。

齿轮和轴的配合质量直接影响传动系统的性能和可靠性。

为了确保齿轮与轴之间的配合达到预期的效果，制定了一系列的配合标准，以规范齿轮和轴的制造、加工和装配过程。

本文将重点介绍齿轮与轴配合标准，探讨其基本原理、分类和重要性。

通过深入了解齿轮与轴的配合标准，可以帮助工程师和制造商更好地设计和生产出高质量的机械传动系统，提高其工作效率和运行稳定性。

1.2 文章结构本文主要分为三个部分，包括引言、正文和结论。

在引言部分，将对齿轮与轴配合标准的概念进行概述，介绍文章的结构和目的。

在正文部分，将分别探讨齿轮配合标准和轴配合标准的基本原理及分类，以便读者更好地理解这两者在机械设计中的重要性。

最后，在结论部分将强调齿轮与轴配合标准对于机械设计与生产的重要性，并对全文进行总结。

通过这样的结构安排，读者能够全面了解齿轮与轴配合标准的相关知识，并能够更好地应用于实际工作中。

文章1.3 目的部分的内容是介绍本文的目的和意义。

通过深入探讨齿轮与轴配合标准，旨在帮助读者更好地了解齿轮和轴之间的配合关系，提高工程设计和制造的准确性和效率。

同时，通过对齿轮与轴配合标准的分类和基本原理的介绍，希望读者能够在实际应用中准确选择和使用适合的配合标准，提高产品的质量和性能表现。

本文还将探讨齿轮与轴配合标准对于机械传动系统的重要性，为读者提供更全面的知识理解和实际操作指导。

通过本文的阐述，读者可以更好地了解齿轮与轴配合标准的重要性，加深对机械传动系统的认识，促进机械工程技术的发展和创新。

2.正文2.1 齿轮配合标准2.1.1 齿轮配合基本原理齿轮是机械传动中常用的零件，通过齿和齿相互啮合，传递动力和运动。

齿轮的配合质量直接影响传动的效率和稳定性。

齿轮的配合基本原理包括啮合面的几何形状、啮合角、齿隙等参数的设计和控制。

2.1.2 齿轮配合标准的分类齿轮配合标准根据传动方式、齿轮形式和工作条件等因素进行分类。

机械设计、齿轮与轴综合介绍-----------------------作者：-----------------------日期：机械设计和齿轮与轴的介绍摘要：机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。

它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。

许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计，也适用于非机器的设计。

术语中的“机械装置设计”的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更为广泛一些，机械装置设计包括机械设计。

在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中。

在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。

在传统机械和现代机械中齿轮和轴的重要地位是不可动摇的。

齿轮和轴主要安装在主轴箱来传递力的方向。

通过加工制造它们可以分为许多的型号，分别用于许多的场合。

所以我们对齿轮和轴的了解和认识必须是多层次多方位的。

关键词：设计流程设计规则机械设计齿轮轴设计流程设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。

新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。

在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。

即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。

只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。

通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。

很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。

一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。

接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。

每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。

也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。

通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。

附录AThe working principle of gear pumpBy into the internal gear pump a pair of gear, gear of two side have cover, shell, cover and gear of each tooth formed many seal groove between work cavity. When gear as shown on the right direction rotates, oil absorption cavity due to mesh with each other in engagement gradually withdraw, seal volume increase gradually, vacuum forming part of the oil in the tank, so outside the atmospheric pressure, the function of the oil absorption, oil absorption into the cavity, the gear, and as full of slot between gear rotating, put the oil to the left pressure oil lumen. In one side, because gear oil pressure here into meshing, seal gradually working chamber volume will decrease, the oil will be out, from pressure oil chamber pressure is sent to the in pipeline. In the working process of the gear pump, as long as two gear direction of rotation unchanged, its to absorb the soot, the position of the cavity is sure the same. Here the meshing point tooth contact line has been space high and low voltage cavity with two plays a role in the gear pump oil, so do not need set up special assignment institutions, this is it and other types of volumetric hydraulic pump differences. The concept of thegear pump is very simple, that is, it is the most basic form of two dimensions of the same gear in a closely in the shell, the shell rotating mesh with each other the internal similar "8" glyph, two gear, gear inside the outer diameter and shell on both sides and closely. From the extruder materials in the suction into two gear, and full of the middle space, with the rotation of the teeth, and the last in the shell movement along the two teeth mesh eduction.I n terms of speaking, the gear pump also called positive displacement device, that is like a cylinder piston, when in a tooth into another tooth fluid, liquid space by mechanical discharged. To squeeze Because liquids as incompressible, so the liquid and tooth can occupy the same space at the same time, such, liquid was ruled out. Because of the constant mesh, this phenomenon is in continuous occur, thus also in the pump export provides a continuous removal amount, pump every around, the amount of discharge are the same. Along with the drive shaft rotation incessantly, the pump is also not a break from fluid. The flow rate of the pump and the speed of the pump directly about.In fact, there were a small amount of the pump fluid loss, which make the pump efficiency can't reach 100%, because these fluid is used to lubricating bearings and gear, and on both sides of the pumpbody can't without clearance fit, so can't make fluid from export 100% from a small amount of fluid loss, so is inevitable. However pump can still operating well, for most extrusion material, it can still reach 93% ~ 98% of efficiency. For viscosity or density in the process of change, this pump is not fluid too much influence. If there is a damper, such as in the row export side put a screen or a limitationfor the device, the pump will promote the fluid through them. If the damper in work, that is, if the mesh changes become dirty, blocked,or the limit of back pressure increased, the pump will remain constant flow, until it reaches the weakest part of the device of mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limit device).For a pump rotation speed, in fact, there is a limit, it mainly depends on process flow, if the transfer of oil, it can pump is at high speed rotating, but when the fluid is a kind of high viscositypolymer melt, the restrictions will be significantly reduced. Promote high sticky fluid into the suction side of the two tooth space is very important, if the space did not fill, it can't pump discharge accurate flow, so the PV value (pressure x velocity is also a) a limiting factor, and it's a process variables. Because these restrictions, the gearpump manufacturers will provide a series of products, i.e., different specifications and displacement (every turn a week does quantity).The pump will and the concrete application process, in order to make the system combined capacity and price to achieve optimal.附录B齿轮泵的工作原理轮泵由装在壳体内的一对齿轮所组成，齿轮两侧有端盖，壳体、端盖和齿轮的各个齿间槽组成了许多密封工作腔。

机械设计专业术语英语翻译A阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavityB扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ;normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensationC参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism; Maltesecross槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number齿数比gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链silent chain齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points重合度contact ratio冲床punch传动比transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置gearing; transmission gear传动系统driven system传动角transmission angle传动轴transmission shaft 串联式组合combination in series串联式组合机构series combined mechanism串级调速cascade speed control创新innovation ; creation创新设计creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷normal load唇形橡胶密封lip rubber seal磁流体轴承magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮driven pulley从动件driven link, follower从动件平底宽度width of flat-face从动件停歇follower dwell从动件运动规律follower motion从动轮driven gear粗线bold line粗牙螺纹coarse threadD大齿轮gear wheel打包机packer打滑slipping带传动belt driving带轮belt pulley带式制动器band brake单列轴承single row bearing单向推力轴承single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节single universal joint单位矢量unit vector当量齿轮equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷equivalent load刀具cutter导数derivative倒角chamfer导热性conduction of heat导程lead导程角lead angle等加等减速运动规律parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮constant-breadth cam等效构件equivalent link等效力equivalent force等效力矩equivalent moment offorce等效量equivalent等效质量equivalent mass等效转动惯量equivalent moment ofinertia等效动力学模型dynamicallyequivalent model底座chassis低副lower pair点划线chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀pitting垫圈gasket垫片密封gasket seal碟形弹簧belleville spring顶隙bottom clearance定轴轮系ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学dynamics动密封kinematical seal动能dynamic energy动力粘度dynamic viscosity动力润滑dynamic lubrication动平衡dynamic balance动平衡机dynamic balancing machine动态特性dynamic characteristics动态分析设计dynamic analysis design动压力dynamic reaction动载荷dynamic load端面transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓transverse tooth profile端面重合度transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角transverse pressure angle锻造forge对称循环应力symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件radial reciprocating follower 对心曲柄滑块机构in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承multi-row bearing多楔带poly V-belt多项式运动规律polynomial motion多质量转子rotor with several masses惰轮idle gearE额定寿命rating life额定载荷load ratingII 级杆组dyadF发生线generating line发生面generating plane法面normal plane法面参数normal parameters法面齿距normal circular pitch法面模数normal module法面压力角normal pressure angle法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆straight sided normal worm法向力normal force反馈式组合feedback combining反向运动学inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法kinematic inversion反正切Arctan范成法generating cutting仿形法form cutting方案设计、概念设计concept design, CD防振装置shockproof device飞轮flywheel飞轮矩moment of flywheel非标准齿轮nonstandard gear非接触式密封non-contact seal非周期性速度波动aperiodic speed fluctuation 非圆齿轮non-circular gear粉末合金powder metallurgy分度线reference line; standard pitch line分度圆reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角helix angle at reference cylinder分母denominator分子numerator分度圆锥reference cone; standard pitch cone 分析法analytical method封闭差动轮系planetary differential复合铰链compound hinge复合式组合compound combining复合轮系compound (or combined) gear train 复合平带compound flat belt复合应力combined stress复式螺旋机构Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构complex mechanismG杆组Assur group干涉interference刚度系数stiffness coefficient刚轮rigid circular spline钢丝软轴wire soft shaft刚体导引机构body guidance mechanism刚性冲击rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子rigid rotor刚性轴承rigid bearing 刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列height series高速带high speed belt高副higher pair格拉晓夫定理Grashoff`s law根切undercutting公称直径nominal diameter功work工况系数application factor工艺设计technological design工作循环图working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷external loads工作空间working space工作应力working stress工作阻力effective resistance工作阻力矩effective resistance moment公法线common normal line公共约束general constraint公制齿轮metric gears功率power功能分析设计function analyses design共轭齿廓conjugate profiles共轭凸轮conjugate cam构件link鼓风机blower固定构件fixed link; frame固体润滑剂solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力inertia force惯性力矩moment of inertia ,shaking moment 惯性力平衡balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡full balance of shaking force 惯性力部分平衡partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩resultant moment of inertia惯性主失resultant vector of inertia冠轮crown gear广义机构generation mechanism广义坐标generalized coordinate轨迹生成path generation轨迹发生器path generator滚刀hob滚道raceway滚动体rolling element滚动轴承rolling bearing滚动轴承代号rolling bearing identification code 滚针needle roller滚针轴承needle roller bearing滚子roller滚子轴承roller bearing滚子半径radius of roller滚子从动件roller follower滚子链roller chain滚子链联轴器double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器roller clutch过度切割undercuttingH函数发生器function generator函数生成function generation含油轴承oil bearing耗油量oil consumption耗油量系数oil consumption factor赫兹公式H. Hertz equation合成弯矩resultant bending moment合力resultant force合力矩resultant moment of force黑箱black box横坐标abscissa互换性齿轮interchangeable gears花键spline滑键、导键feather key滑动轴承sliding bearing滑动率sliding ratio滑块slider环面蜗杆toroid helicoids worm 环形弹簧annular spring缓冲装置shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁grey cast iron回程return回转体平衡balance of rotors混合轮系compound gear trainJ积分integrate机电一体化系统设计mechanical-electrical integration system design机构mechanism机构分析analysis of mechanism机构平衡balance of mechanism机构学mechanism机构运动设计kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动简图kinematic sketch of mechanism 机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架frame, fixed link机架变换kinematic inversion机器machine机器人robot机器人操作器manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程technique process技术经济评价technical and economic evaluation技术系统technique system机械machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析dynamic analysis of machinery 机械动力设计dynamic design of machinery 机械动力学dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计modern machinedesign机械系统mechanical system机械利益mechanical advantage机械平衡balance of machinery机械手manipulator机械设计machine design; mechanicaldesign机械特性mechanical behavior机械调速mechanical speed governors机械效率mechanical efficiency机械原理theory of machines andmechanisms机械运转不均匀系数coefficient ofspeed fluctuation机械无级变速mechanical steplessspeed changes基础机构fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩factored moment; calculationmoment计算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient 加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoids渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line ofinvolute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle ofinvolute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalentradial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating径向基本额定静载荷basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平衡static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form 锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanismK抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagramL雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力矩moment力平衡equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel联组V带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design ; design for environmentM 马耳他机构Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes 脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计design for product`s life cycle, DPLC名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评价fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective functionN耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point 扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramOO形密封圈密封O ring sealP盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏 ( 心 ) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower 偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评价与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平衡balance平衡机balancing machine平衡品质balancing quality平衡平面correcting plane平衡质量balancing mass平衡重counterweight平衡转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears普通平键parallel keyQ其他常用机构other mechanism in common use 起动阶段starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇异位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact 气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulatorR燃点spontaneous ignition热平衡heat balance; thermal equilibrium 人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom 柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automation 润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricantS三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; Oldham ‘s coupling矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque输出轴output shaft输入构件input link数学模型mathematic model实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint双摇杆机构double rocker mechanism双转块机构Oldham coupling双列轴承double row bearing双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing 松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage速度velocity速度不均匀 ( 波动 ) 系数coefficient of speed fluctuation速度波动speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocityT塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹性滑动elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器elastic coupling ; flexible coupling 弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form特殊运动链special kinematic chain特性characteristics替代机构equivalent mechanism调节modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors调速系统speed control system调压调速variable voltage control调速器regulator, governor 铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeVV带V beltW外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling ; universal coupling腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices 无穷大infiniteX系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平衡field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear 谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology,VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design,VRD虚约束redundant (or passive)constraint许用不平衡量allowable amount ofunbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissiblestress悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selectionY压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling 雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链generalized kinematicchain移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration 应力图stress diagram应力-应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover 原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel(cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator 圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation 运动粘度kenematic viscosityZ载荷load载荷-变形曲线load-deformation curve载荷-变形图load-deformation diagram窄V带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link; working link质径积mass-radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane 中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact 周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation 周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load轴向基本额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating轴向基本额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平衡balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overallefficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work纵向重合度overlap contact ratio 纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism 最少齿数minimum teeth number 最小向径 minimum radius作用力 applied force坐标系 coordinate frame。

XX设计(XX)外文资料翻译院系专业学生姓名班级学号外文出处Manufacturing Engineering andTechnology-Machining附件：1.外文资料翻译译文（约3000汉字）；2.外文资料原文(与课题相关的1万印刷符号左右)。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文齿轮和轴的介绍摘要在传统机械和现代机械中齿轮和轴的重要地位是不可动摇的。

齿轮和轴主要安装在主轴箱来传递力的方向。

通过加工制造它们可以分为许多的型号，分别用于许多的场合。

所以我们对齿轮和轴的了解和认识必须是多层次多方位的。

关键词:齿轮；轴在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。

我们将研究作用力具有三维坐标的齿轮。

因此，在斜齿轮的情况下，其齿向是不平行于回转轴线的。

而在锥齿轮的情况中各回转轴线互相不平行。

像我们要讨论的那样，尚有其他道理需要学习，掌握。

斜齿轮用于传递平行轴之间的运动。

倾斜角度每个齿轮都一样，但一个必须右旋斜齿，而另一个必须是左旋斜齿。

齿的形状是一渐开线螺旋面。

如果一张被剪成平行四边形（矩形）的纸张包围在齿轮圆柱体上，纸上印出齿的角刃边就变成斜线。

如果我展开这张纸，在血角刃边上的每一个点就发生一渐开线曲线。

直齿圆柱齿轮轮齿的初始接触处是跨过整个齿面而伸展开来的线。

斜齿轮轮齿的初始接触是一点，当齿进入更多的啮合时，它就变成线。

在直齿圆柱齿轮中，接触是平行于回转轴线的。

在斜齿轮中，该先是跨过齿面的对角线。

它是齿轮逐渐进行啮合并平稳的从一个齿到另一个齿传递运动，那样就使斜齿轮具有高速重载下平稳传递运动的能力。

斜齿轮使轴的轴承承受径向和轴向力。

当轴向推力变的大了或由于别的原因而产生某些影响时，那就可以使用人字齿轮。

双斜齿轮（人字齿轮）是与反向的并排地装在同一轴上的两个斜齿轮等效。

他们产生相反的轴向推力作用，这样就消除了轴向推力。

当两个或更多个单向齿斜齿轮被在同一轴上时，齿轮的齿向应作选择，以便产生最小的轴向推力。

英文原文：SHAFT AND GEAR DESIGNAbstract: The important position of the wheel gear and shaft can' t falter in traditional machine and modern machines. The wheel gear and shafts mainly install the direction that delivers the dint at the principal axis box. The passing to process to make them can is divided into many model numbers, useding for many situations respectively. So we must be the multilayers to the understanding of the wheel gear and shaft in many waysKey words : Wheel gear ; ShaftIn the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane .We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions.The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid. The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side byside on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft,the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load Crossed-helical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossed-helical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry out very small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not recommended for use in the transmission of power There is on difference between a crossed heli cal gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand; that is , a right-hand driver goes with a right-hand driven. In the design of crossed-helical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle are not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same handWorm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they completely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and wormgear are used to provide a high angular-velocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gearsWorm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A single-enveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm. . A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a double-enveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of doubleenveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand ofhelix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead angle on the worm, which is the complement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear; the two angles are equal for a 90-deg. Shaft angleWhen gears are to be used to transmit motion between intersecting shaft, some of bevel gear is required. Although bevel gear are usually made for a shaft angle of 90 deg. They may be produced for almost any shaft angle. The teeth may be cast, milled, or generated. Only the generated teeth may be classed as accurate. In a typical bevel gear mounting, one of the gear is often mounted outboard of the bearing. This means that shaft deflection can be more pronounced and have a greater effect on the contact of teeth. Another difficulty, which occurs in predicting the stress in bevel-gear teeth, is the fact the teeth are tapered.Straight bevel gears are easy to design and simple to manufacture and give very good results in service if they are mounted accurately and positively. As in the case of squr gears, however, they become noisy at higher values of the pitch-line velocity In these cases it is often go od design practice to go to the spiral bevel gear, which is the bevel counterpart of the helical gear. As in the case of helical gears, spiral bevel gears give a much smoother tooth action than straight bevel gears, and hence are useful where high speed are encountered. It is frequently desirable, as in the case of automotive differential applications, to have gearing similar to bevel gears but with the shaft offset. Such gears are called hypoid gears because their pitch surfaces are hyperboloids of revolution The tooth action between such gears is a combination of rolling and sliding alonga straight line and has much in common with that of worm gears A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elementsas gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other power-transmission elements. Shaft may be subjected to bending, tension, compression, or torsional loads, acting singly or in combination with one another. When they are combined, one may expect to find both static and fatigue strength tobe important design considerations, since a single shaft may be subjected to static stresses, completely reversed, and repeated stresses, all acting at the same time The word "shaft" covers numerous variations, such as axles and spindles. Anaxle is a shaft, wither stationary or rotating, nor subjected to torsion load. A shirt rotating shaft is often called a spindle. When either the lateral or the torsional deflection of a shaft must be held to close limits, the shaft must be sized on the basis of deflection before analyzing the stresses. The reason for this is that, if the shaft is made stiff enough so that the deflection is not too large, it is probable that the resulting stresses will be safe. But by no means should the designer assume that they are safe; it is almost always necessary to calculatethem so that he knows they are within acceptable limits Whenever possible, the power-transruission elements, such as gears or pullets, should be located close to the supporting bearings, This reduces the bending moment, and hence the deflection and bending stress.Although the von Mises-Hencky-Goodman method is difficult to use in design of shaft, it probably comes closest to predicting actual failure. Thus it is a good way of checking a shaft that has already been designed or of discovering why a particular shaft has failed in service. Furthermore, there are a considerable number of shaft-design problems in which the dimension are pretty well limited by other considerations, such as rigidity, and it is only necessary for the designer to discover something about the fillet sizes, heat-treatment, and surface finish and whether or not shot peening is necessary in order to achieve the required life and reliability Because of the similarity of their functions, clutches and brakes are treated together. In a simplified dynamic representation of a friction clutch, or brake two in ertias 11 and 12 traveling at the respective angular velocities Wl and W2, one of which may be zero in the case of brake, are to be brought to the same speed by engaging the clutch or brake. Slippage occurs because the two elements are running at different speeds and energy is dissipated during actuation, resulting in a temperature rise. In analyzing the performance of these devices we shall beinterested in the actuating force, the torque transmitted, the energy loss and the temperature rise. The torque transmitted is related to the actuating force, the coefficient of friction, and the geometry of the clutch or brake. This is problem in static, which will have to be studied separately for eath geometric configuration. However, temperature rise is related to energy loss and can be studied without regard to the type of brake or clutch because the geometry of interest is the heat-dissipating surfaces. The various types of clutches and brakes may be classified as fllows1. Rim type with internally expanding shoes2. Rim type with externally contracting shoes3。

数控车床主轴部件机械外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译数控车床主轴部件车床是一种主要用于加工旋转表面和平整边缘的机床。

根据使用目的、结构、刀具数量和自动化程度的不同，车床可以分为普通车床、万能车床、转塔车床、立式车床、自动车床和特殊车床。

虽然车床种类繁多，但它们在结构和操作原理上具有共同特性。

普通车床是最常用的代表类型，下面将介绍普通车床的主要部分。

车床床身是车床的主骨架，由两个垂直支柱上的水平横梁组成。

为减振，它通常由灰铸铁或球墨铸铁铸造而成。

车床床身上有导轨，可以让大拖板轻松纵向滑动。

车床床身的高度应适当以方便技师工作。

主轴箱固定在车床床身的左侧，包括轴线平行于导轨的主轴。

主轴通过齿轮箱驱动，齿轮箱可以提供多种不同的速度(通常是6到18速)。

现代车床有些采用无级调速主轴箱，采用摩擦、电力或液压驱动。

主轴往往是中空的，纵向有一通孔，可以通过此孔进给棒料。

同时，此孔为锥形表面，可以安装普通车床顶尖。

主轴外表面是螺纹，可以安装卡盘、花盘或类似的装置。

尾架总成包括底座、尾架体和套筒轴。

底座是能在车床床身上沿导轨滑动的铸件，有定位装置，可以让整个尾架根据工件长度锁定在任何需要位置。

使用手轮和螺杆，与螺杆啮合的是一固接在套筒轴上的螺母。

套筒轴开口端的孔是锥形的，能安装车床顶尖或诸如麻花钻和镗杆之类的工具。

套筒轴通过定位装置能沿着它的移动路径被锁定在任何点。

大拖板的主要功能是安装刀具和产生纵向和/或横向进给。

它实际上是一由车床床身V形导轨引导的、能在车床床身主轴箱和尾架之间滑动的H形滑块。

大拖板可以手动或通过溜板箱和光杆(进给杆)或丝杆(引导螺杆)机动。

本文介绍了在传统普通车床上进行的各种机加工作业。

但是，需要注意的是现代计算机数控车床具有更多的功能，并且可以进行其他操作，例如仿型。

圆柱面车削是所有车床操作中最简单也是最常见的。

工件旋转一整圈产生一个圆心落在车床主轴上的圆；由于刀具的轴向进给运动，这种动作重复许多次。