高三英语阅读理解之猜测词义

英语阅读中如何猜测生词词义?一．利用构词法猜测词义1．根据前缀猜测词义He fell into a ditch and lay there semiconscious for a few minutes.根据词根conscious (清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi (半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。

I’m illiterate about such things.词根literate意为“有文化的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通的，不知道的”。

2．根据后缀猜测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed in the countryside.后缀cide表示“杀，灭”，结合熟悉的词根insect (昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。

Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let表示“小的”，词根drop指“滴，滴状物”。

将两个意思结合起来，便可推断出droplet 词义为“小滴，微滴”。

3．根据复合词的各组成部分猜测词义Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.highlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。

它是由high (高的，强的)和light (光线) 两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。

Bullfight is very popular in Spain.bull (公牛)和fight (打，搏斗)结合在一起，指在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---- 斗牛。

二．利用针对性解释猜测词义1．根据定义猜测词义经常用来引导定义的词和短语主要有：be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, define, in other words, that is, i.e., or, namely…等。

高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。

英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。

所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。

如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。

高三英语阅读理解之猜测词义词义猜测题常用提问方式有:1.The word“…”refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _____2.The word“…”is most likely to mean _______3.The word “…”is closest to4.What do you think the expression“…”stands for?5.By saying“…”we means _______6.By “…” the writer means (refers to)7.“…”as used in the passage, can best be defined as ______.8.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”练习一1. We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard that will give us shade and keep the house cooer.A. a kind of treeB. a kind of plantC. a kind of building2. He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.A. got worseB. improvedC. was recorded3. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.A. washB. cutC. do up4. After the war , the tank factories were converted to other uses.A. expandedB. closed downC. adapted5. Mike gave his sister a small, red tulip because he knows.A. flowerB. radioC. jewelry6. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.A. quarrelB. persuadeC. disagree7. Have some sherries with your Christmas — the most famous wine from Spain.A. a kind of birdB. a kind of fruitC. a kind of wine8. The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.A. slowlyB. quicklyC. in a hurry9. He failed the examination because none of his answers was pertinent to the questions.A. wrongB. connectedC. close10. The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. afraidB. shockedC. shy11.The robber was running away with the money, so the girl yelled, “Stop!”A. said loudlyB. ran quicklyC. watched carefully12. I lost a lot of weight and now I am not as fat as I was last year. My clothes fit very loosely.1A. not angrilyB. not tightlyC. not expensively13. Mr Brown ran into a pedestrian with his car when it got out of control and drove onto the sidewalk.A. houseB. treeC. a person walking14. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.A. avoidB. causeC. pay no attention to15. Although the novel is not interesting, it delineates clearly the social and economic life of the time.A. saysB. statesC. describes16. When earth became cold, water began to condense from the vapor.A. coolB. turn to liquidC. become hot17. The ocean has about 3.5 percent dissolved material, mostly ordinary salt.A. wastedB. valuableC. in liquid form18. Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France.A. clothesB. capsC. shoes19. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.A. bigB. redC. hot20. At first the army training began with easy and pleasant exercises, then suddenly they became rigorous.A. not easyB. roughC. tiring练习二．1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.A. 雪山B. 树枝C. 冰河D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.A. strongB. firmC. kindD. clever3. Mr Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用B. 借出C. 购买D. 参观4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. workB. studyC. nameD. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbour all call her an eccentric lady.A. 爱猫的B. 古怪的C. 闲不住的D. 动物保扩主义者26. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便土B. 温饱C. 赤贫D. 虚弱7. Mrs Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A. 活泼的B. 好运的C. 多嘴多舌的D. 可爱的8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A. townB. capitalC. countryD. house9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent.A. 勤奋的B. 愚蠢的C. 聪明的D. 情报10. He misunderstood me.A. 委曲B. 曲解C. 误解D. 理解答案：练习一1-5AABCA 6-10CCBCC 11-15ABCAC16-20 BCCCB练习二1-5CBAAB 6-10CCCCC历年高考阅读理解之猜测词义题89) Robert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property.70. A …property” in Australia is aA. house.B. school.C. farm.D. radio. Key: C92) Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing p eople with snake bites (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.70. Which of the following words can take the place of the word career in the first paragraph(段)？A. conclusionB. storyC. incidentD. job key:D90上) In 1907, a young German schoolmaster had an idea which changed this state of affairs. He decided to turn his little schoolhouse into a dormitory (宿舍)for the summer holidays. Anyone who brought his sleeping bag and cooking equipment along could stay there for a very small quantity of money. The idea was a success. A few years later, the schoolhouse was much too small to hold the many young people who wanted to stay there. As a result, a dormitory was set up in an old castle (城堡) nearby. This was the first Youth Hostel.88. The word “hostel” is closest in meaning to ______A. schoolB. schoolhouseC. hospitalD. dormitory key:D97上) Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural (文化的) difference, not an economic(经济的) one.Knowing your own psychological(心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home.76. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyon e in the world requires the same amount of space” means “______”A. No two people need exactly the same amount of living spaceB. Living space requirements are not always the sameC. The world requires the same amount of living spaceD. Nobody needs a required amount of living space key:B99上) The last of the great glaciers began its melting about 11,000 years ago. Its melting formed the Great Lakes. These lakes are today little changed from their early sizes and shapes. The largest of the North American river systems was also influenced by the glaciers. This is the Mississippi- Missouri- Ohio system. These rivers were miles wide at first. Through the years they settled into their present channels.85. In the last sentence, the word their refers to _______A. lakesB. riversC. glaciersD. systems key:B00上春) Two traveling angels (天使) stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the guest room. Instead the angels were given a space in the cold basement. As they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked why, the older angel replied: “Things aren’t always what they seem.”The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, but very hospitable (好客的)farmer and his wife.67. In paragraph two, the pair refers to ______A. the poor coupleB. the rich coupleC. the guestsD. the angels key:B00上春) London has a new magazine. But it is not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV.In order to read this magazine you have to have a decoder. Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There is a wide choice- every- thing is included from cooking to the latest sports news.73. In the sentence “Each page of it is numbered”, here “it” refers to the _____A. decoderB. magazineC. programD. subject key:B01上春) Michael, a typical (典型的) American, stays home on workdays. He plugs into his personal computer terminal in order to connect with the office. After work, he puts on his headphones, watches a movie on his home video recorder, or plays baseball on the computer. On many days, Michael doesn’t talk to any other human beings, and he doesn’t see any people except the ones on television. Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible. The inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings.103. The sentence “ Michael is imaginary, but his lifestyle is very possible” means ____A. Michael is a person full of imagination and he can make his dreams come trueB. Michael is not a real person but the lifestyle does existC. Michael has ambitions but he can’t make his dreams come trueD. Michael is a person full of imagination and his lifestyle is common nowadaysKey:B01上) Jazz 1 n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3n. slang empty talk. 4 adj. of or like jazz:a jazz band, jazz records.77. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence?Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.Key:DA. rhythmic beatsB. a type of musicC. a kind of danceD. meaningless talk02上)Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized— and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35- year – old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied: “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.73. The word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ______A. acceptingB. claimingC. rejectingD. canceling key:C02上) Teachers in thousands of schoolrooms in America are trying to communicate some of the excitement and importance of these new developments to their students. They know that some of their eager students will someday be scientists and will themselves then contribute(贡献) to the development of new knowledge or its application to new things.80. The word “themselves” in the third paragraph refers to _______A. some of the eager studentsB. the students in the classroomC. the teachers giving lessonsD. all the scientists in physics key:A23上春) A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, parinting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.80. The expression “wait on table ” in the second paragraph means “_____”A. work in a furniture shopB. keep accounts for a barC. wait to lay the tableD. serve customers in a restaurant key:D。

在英语阅读中猜测词义如何在英语阅读中通过上下⽂猜词义1.以定义为线索猜测词义[例]Ventilation,as you know,is a system or means of providing fresh air.It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.此句中"ventilation"可能是个⽣词,但is后⾯是对该词的明确定义.是什么东西或什么⼿段才能提供新鲜空⽓呢?所以不难看出"ventilation"这个词的意思是"通风".[例]A person or thing beyond comparison,a model of excellence, is known as a paragon.在此句中,"paragon"⼀词的词义由句⼦的主语给提供出来了.⼀个⼈或物是⽆与伦⽐的,即优秀的典范,这不就是"模范、优秀的⼈或物"吗?很明显"be known as"前⾯的主语给出了后⾯"paragon"的词义.(3)以定语从句为线索猜测词义.[例]He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.此句中,who引导的定语从句对⽣词"prestidigitator"的词义给出了⾮常清楚的定义.根据这⼀定义,读者就不难猜测出prestidigitator的词义.能从帽⼦⾥拉出兔⼦、吞⽕和玩其他类似的把戏的⼈不就是变戏法的⼈吗?因此,"prestidigitator"⼀词的词义就应是"变戏法者".2.以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义(1)or有时可作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词.[例]The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.此句中,作者考虑到"supersede"⼀词可能是⽣词,紧接着⽤or引出该词的同义词"replace",此词是⼀⽐较常⽤的词,读者可根据"replace"⼀词的词义能很容易地推断出"supersede"⼀词的⼤概意思来,即"取代,接替".[例]Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.The principal of the school was an older woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.此句中,作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相⽐,有相同之处和不同之处.校长⽐母亲年纪⼤些,个⼦矮些,但有⼀点是相同的,并⽤"as...as"结构表⽰出来.从这⼀对⽐中,可以看出fat和plump是近义词.fat是读者熟悉的词即"肥胖的",那么,plump⼀词的意思就能猜个⼤概了.3.以反义词和对⽐关系为线索猜测词义[例]In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now, however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.此句中,以信号词however为线索,可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去相⽐.过去是"in an orderly way",⽽现在是"in a state of turmoil",过去是秩序井然,那么现在则是相反,那就是⼀⽚混乱.4.以列举的句⼦为线索猜测词义[例]Defined most broadly,folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.此句中,includes后⾯的例⼦基本上表⽰出了"folklore"的内容范围,即⼈们⼀代传⼀代的那些风俗、习惯、信仰和传统的东西.这些东西都属于通常所说的"民俗学,民俗传统",这也就是"folklore"⼀词的基本含义.5.以重述为线索猜测词义[例]Before the main business of a conference begins thechairman usually makes a short preliminary(i.e.introductory)speech,or make a few preliminary remarks.In otherwords,he says a few things by way of introduction.在阅读此句时,如果对"preliminary speech"的意思不是⼗分清楚,只要接着往下读,意思就会逐渐明朗起来,"or"和"in other words"后⾯的部分都是对"preliminary speech"的重述,由此可以推断出"preliminaryspeech"的意思是在开会之前主席所做的⼀些简单的介绍,或者说是"开场⽩".6.以因果关系为线索猜测词义[例]Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,Ibought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.从信号词since以及相关信息,可以看出⽣词所处的上下⽂存在很明显的因果关系.since引出的从句是原因(即因为我买不起那张原画),主句是结果.⽣词"replica"后⼀句⼜进⼀步解释了另⼀种原因,即没有经验的⼈看不出来差别.根据这之间的逻辑关系,就很容易推断:既然不是原画,那么"replica"应是⼀张"复制品".7.以⽣词所在的前后⽂提供的解释或说明为线索猜测词义[例]Another habit which can slow your reading is called"subvocalization".In this case your lips do not move,but you still"hear"each word in your head as you read silently.此句中,"subvocalization"⼀词可能是⽣词.虽然在它的上下⽂中没有提供很明显的线索,但读者如果继续往下读,就不难推断出它的词义来,因为后⾯的句⼦是对"subvocalization"⼀词的解释.可以想象⼀下,虽然在阅读时你的嘴唇没有动,但你的脑⼦仍能听出你在读每⼀个词,这种阅读不就是我们通常所说的"默读"吗?由此,可以推断出"subvocalization"⼀词是"默读"的意思.8.根据普通常识、⽣活经验和逻辑推理推测⽣词词义⑴根据普通常识,⽣活经验推测词义[例]When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.根据直接或间接的经验,⼀般具有⼀点医学常识的⼈都知道医⽣在给病⼈动⼿术之前,为了减轻病⼈的痛苦,往往给病⼈注射⿇醉剂使病⼈失去知觉后再动⼿术.所以根据这⼀常识,通过上下⽂就能⽐较准确地确定"anaesthetic"⼀词的意思应该是"⿇醉剂".⑵根据逻辑推理推测词义作者在写作时,要把⼀些分散的、复杂的信息组织在⼀起,使他们之间有密切的内在联系,使之成为结构严谨、层次分明、形式与内容⼀致的语⾔整体.如果读者按照上下⽂,顺着作者的思路,通过询问关系、语境对⽣词进⾏合乎逻辑的推断,是可以推测出⽣词的⼤概意思的.[例]If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest,and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired,then you are indefatigable.根据上下⽂分析,如果⼀个⼈能连续⼯作12个⼩时,能进⾏体育锻炼数⼩时⽽不知疲倦,那么,我们就可以作出符合逻辑的推断,这个⼈⼀定是⼀个"不知疲倦的"⼈.将这个词义代⼊原句中,很合乎逻辑,那么这种推理很可能是正确的.。

英语阅读理解中生词词义猜测技巧生词是影响阅读理解的重要因素，同时猜测生词词义也是高考英语阅读理解的一个重要考点;考查猜测生词词义的题，有时可占阅读理解总题量的四分之一;更重要的是，如果太多的生词词义不能理解或大致了解，则必将对文章的理解以及随后的做题构成严重影响。

因此要想做好阅读理解题，获得阅读理解高分，就必须掌握一些猜词方法，具备一定的推测词义的能力。

下面是几种行之有效的推测生词词义的方法：一、同义解释法有时文章中尽管出现有生词，但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释，如利用or、that is (to say)、in other words、namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释。

同学们若能充分利用这种同义解释的关系，便可轻易地猜测出生词的词义。

如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.句中的or告诉我们：drought与a dry period同义，即表示“干旱，旱灾”。

We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 am — this week.两个破折号之间的短语清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。

另外，有时作者还可能用定义法这一更直白的解释方法来对生词进行解释，此法通常涉及的动词有be、mean、deal with、be considered、refer to、be called、be known as等。

二、因果推断法有时对生词词义的推测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断，既可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。

英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because、as、since、for、so、thus、as a result、of course、therefore、so （such）…that等。

词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。

连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。

二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。

这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。

线索词有that, which, is等。

三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。

在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。

四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。

五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。

这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。

标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。

六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。

高三英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题方法总结单选题30题1.The word "procrastinate" in the sentence "He is always procrastinating his work." can be guessed from the context. The possible meaning is _____.A.finish quicklyB.start earlyC.put offD.do carefully答案：C。

本题通过上下文逻辑关系来猜测词义。

句子“He is always procrastinating his work.”表示“他总是拖延工作”，选项A“finish quickly（快速完成）”、选项B“start early（早早开始）”、选项D“do carefully 认真做）”都不符合语境，只有选项C“put off 推迟）”符合“拖延工作”的意思。

解题技巧为通过上下文逻辑关系猜测词义。

2.The new word "biodegradable" can be understood by analyzing its parts. The meaning is related to being able to _____.st foreverB.be broken down by living thingsC.be very expensiveD.be made quickly答案：B。

本题利用构词法来猜测词义。

“bio-”表示“生命、生物”，“degradable”表示“可降解的”，所以“biodegradable”的意思是“可被生物降解的”。

选项A“last forever（ 永远持续）”、选项C“be very expensive非常昂贵）”、选项D“be made quickly（快速制成）”都与构词法分析出的意思不符，只有选项B“be broken down by living things 被生物分解）”符合。

高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。

词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。

除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。

下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧！1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。

常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。

通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。

【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。

在英语阅读中如何猜测词义摘要:本文通过介绍猜测词义的八种方法,目的是提高学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,同时扩大词汇量。

关键词:英语阅读词义猜测在历届高考阅读题中,总有一两道考查猜测词义的题,在一定程度上考查考生的逻辑推断能力,而考生往往会丢分。

因此,利用上下文或句子结构猜测词义是考生必备的阅读能力之一。

具备了词义猜测能力,还有助于提高阅读速度,扩大词汇量,增强学生们学习英语的信心。

下面我介绍几种常用的词义猜测方法。

一、利用文中的举例猜测词义常用词有for example,for instance,such as,like,namely,including等词语。

例一:Scientists hope to use tiny chemical sensors on the fish to find sources of potentially hazardous substances in the water,such as underwater pipeline leaks(泄露).通过文中后面举的例子underwater pipeline leaks可以猜测出是潜在的“危险”物质。

二、利用上下文对比、因果、转折、递进等关系猜测词义常见转折或对比的词:but,yet,however,whereas,while,although,in spite of,despite,instead of,on the other hand,rather than,unlike等。

表示因果关系的词:since,as,because,for,so,therefore,resultin,result from,for this reason,as a result,so…that,such…that,due to,owing to等。

例二:I think the summer league will be good for him and his team,whichever team drafts(选秀)him.I was not in the summer league the year Rockets drafted me,which resulted in an arduous start. A strong B tough C lucky D successfully.“夏季联赛对他有好处,在修斯顿火箭队选秀我那年,我就没有参加夏季联赛,”根据与前文“好处”对比解释猜测出“导致一个(B)艰难或不好的开端”。

阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。

具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。

(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。

(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。

阅读理解专项打破III词义猜测【命题特点】考察依据上下文推想生词和短语实力,突出考察对语境分析和把握实力。

【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…〞probably means____.2. The word “…〞used in paragraph “…〞refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…〞in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…〞5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…〞6. By saying “…〞, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…〞stands for8. The meaning of word “…〞in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或说明推想语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以扶植我们推断诞生词语义〔1〕定义句谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define〔下定义〕, represent, signify〔表示，说明〕, constitute〔指。

〕等。

〔2〕说明那么常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is〔to say〕, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面信息加以重复或说明。

易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。

【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。

平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。

易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。

【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。

有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。

易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。

【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。

同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。

切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。

高三英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题方法总结单选题30题1.The word "proficient" in the passage is closest in meaning to_____.A.beginnerB.intermediateC.advancedD.expert答案：D。

本题中，根据上下文可知“proficient”所在的句子描述某人在某个领域的水平较高，A 选项“beginner”初学者明显不对；B 选项“intermediate”中等水平也不符合；C 选项“advanced”虽有高级之意，但不如“expert”专业人士更符合语境。

这里通过对句子整体的理解来猜测词义，即根据上下文语境进行词义猜测。

2.The term "vibrant" as used in the text could best be replaced by_____.A.dullB.livelyC.paleD.silent答案：B。

文中提到“vibrant”的地方可以看出是在描述一个充满活力的场景，A 选项“dull”沉闷的不符合；C 选项“pale”苍白的与活力无关；D 选项“silent”安静的也不对。

通过上下文描述的场景可以猜测出“vibrant”是充满活力的意思。

3.The word "elusive" in the passage means_____.A.easy to findB.difficult to catchmonD.visible答案：B。

从文中“elusive”出现的语境可以推断出这个东西很难找到或抓住，A 选项“easy to find”容易找到错误；C 选项“common”常见的不对；D 选项“visible”可见的也不符合。

通过分析上下文的逻辑关系进行词义猜测。

4.The expression "arduous" is closest in meaning to_____.A.easyB.hardC.quickD.slow答案：B。

高中英语阅读技巧：阅读理解猜词十大技巧1.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。

掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。

如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able;其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable 是“未能预见到的”意思。

2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。

统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。

在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。

利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。

熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。

原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。

如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。

5.利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧高考英语中，词义猜测与推理是考查学生英语语境理解能力的重要环节。

通过猜测生词的意义，推理出文章的隐含信息，不仅可以提高阅读理解的得分，也有助于提升语言运用的能力。

下面将介绍几种常用的词义猜测和推理技巧，帮助考生在高考英语中取得好成绩。

一、上下文猜测法上下文猜测法是最常见的词义猜测技巧之一。

在阅读理解中，我们可以根据上下文提供的信息，来推测生词或短语的含义。

例如："Although John was exhausted, he pushed himself to finish the race."根据上下文，我们可以猜测 "exhausted" 意思是 "非常疲惫的"，因为他还要完成比赛。

二、同义替换法有时候，文章中的一些生词可以通过替换同义词或近义词的方式进行猜测。

同义替换法要求考生具备基本的词汇积累和扩展能力。

例如："The famous actor appeared at the premiere of his latest film."根据上下文，我们可以猜测 "premiere" 的意思是 "首映式"，因为有"film" 的出现。

三、词根词缀法英语中很多单词都有明显的词根和词缀，词根词缀法通过分析词根和词缀的含义，来推测生词的意思。

例如："The patient is suffering from amnesia."在这个句子中，我们可以从 "amnesia" 这个词中找到 "a-" 和 "-nesia"，分别表示 "没有" 和 "记忆"。

综合起来，我们可以猜测 "amnesia" 的意思是 "失忆症"。

高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法〔关键词〕英语；阅读；词义；猜测1. 根据文中的解释或定义猜测生词的含义以生词的解释或定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读最常见的一种办法。

如果在文章中出现比较生僻的词时，文中又能找出类似to be defined as，to be called，that is to say，to mean，to refer to，to be known as等对生词作出解释的语境线索，就可以领悟出该词的意思。

如：Pantomime refersto ashort play in which no words arespoken．此例中refers to 具有解释功能，再加上in which引导的定语从句提供的信息，pantomime的意思就很清楚了，意为“哑剧”。

2. 根据生活常识或经验猜测生词的含义在阅读的过程中如碰到生词，学生可以根据自身的经验或常识将其猜测出来。

如：Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold and dry weather．此句中wither为生词，但根据生活常识，由“由于寒冷和干燥的天气”可推测出多数花儿开始“凋谢、枯萎”。

3. 根据同义词或近义词猜测生词的含义通常情况下作者为了更清楚地表达自己的意思，往往用一个同义词或近义词解释另一个比较难的词，这些同义或近义词为学生推断词义提供了明显的线索。

or，like，as…as，the same as，similarly等都可作为引出同义词的标志性词语。

如：Mr Smith loves to talk，and his wife is similarly loquacious．很显然由similarly这个语境线索，可推测出loquacious意为love to talk．4. 根据反义词或转折关系来猜测生词的含义有时作者会用一些反义词来揭示事物的不同点，这些反义词无疑为学生猜测词义提供了非常好的线索。