《热力发电厂》复习思考题
一 1. 对发电厂热功转换效果做出全面正确的评价,为什么必须 建立在热力学第一定律和第二定律基础之上? 答：热力学第一定律是从能量转换的数量关系来评价循 环的热经济性；它可对各种理想循环进行分析，而实际的各 种热力循环中都存在原因不同的不可逆损失，找出这些损失 的部件、大小、原因、及其数量关系，提出减少这些不可逆 损失的措施，以提高实际循环热效率就应采用以热力学第二 定律为基础的方法来完成。因此对发电厂热功转换效果作出 全面的评价， 必须建立在热力学第一定律和第二定律 的基础 之上。 2. 评价实际热力循环的方法有几种？它们之间有什么区别 和联系？ 答：评价实际热力循环的方法有两种：一种是热量法（既 热效律法） ，另一种是火用 （ 或熵）方法。 热量法是以热力学第一定律为基础。用能量的基本特性提出 热力循环能量转换的数量关系的指标，着眼于能量数量上的 平衡分析，它主要通过计算各种设备及全厂的热效率来评价 实际循环的优劣。这种评价方法的实质是能量的数量平衡。火 用方法是以热力学第一，第二定律为依据，不仅考虑能量的 数量平衡关系， 也考虑循环中不可逆性引起作功 能力的损失 的程度 。它是一种具有特定条件的能量平衡法，其评价的指 标是火用效率，这种评价方法实质是作功能力的平衡。 两种方法之间的区别： 热量着重法考虑热的数量平衡关系， 而火用方法不仅考虑热的量，而且也研究其质的数量关系，即
用热量法计算时汽轮机的冷源损失?qc是所有热损失中最大的而锅炉的换热损失则较小而火用损失这主要是因为锅炉内存在巨大的换热温差?tb所导致锅炉的?eb远大于?et和?ec
Delegates, staff: Hello! i n the run-up t o the Spri ng Festival, we held one sessi on of four staff representatives Conference 2013 -w orkshop, full back i n 201 2, careful analysi s of the curre nt situati on, discus s 2013 development plans. Here, on behalf of my compa ny 201 3 work reports to t he Ge neral Assem bly, for consideration. Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012, XX power companie s adhere to t he party's 1 7 great spirit for gui dance, compre he nsively impl ement the scie ntific concept of development, pr omoting cost -leadershi p strategy, sta ndar ds, focus on impl ementation, lea n managem ent, continuously impr ove, smooth pre sent safety situation of enter prise manag ement, busi ness ma nagement a nd contr ol sci entific a nd sta ndar dized, and the de dicati on of staff, manage a harmoni ous a nd democratic atmos phere of the good situati on. M ain i ndicators are as foll ows :-t he battery i ndicat or: power ge neration totaled 7 .815 billi on kWh, beyond the a nnual budget implementation ca pacity of 315 million kWh, an i ncrea se of 757 milli on k Wh . Sales totaled 7.425 billi on k Wh, exce edi ng sales of 330 million kWh the a nnual Executive budget, a n increase of 729 million kW h. --Security measure s: unpl anned outages 2. 5 times. No personal i nj ury accide nt occurre d, no major a cci dent a nd a bove, no maj or fire acci dent s without envir onme ntal polluti on a cci dents, safety for three conse cutive year s to maintai n stability t o good p osture . – Busi ness fina nci al indicator s: total pr ofits of 255 milli on Yuan, beyond the a nnual budget of 207 million Yua n, bey ond the Da ta ng company i ndex 41 .89 milli on Yua n, a n increase of 1. 76 million Yua n, FCM a sses sment at grade four. --Energy: pow er supply sta ndar d coal completing 312.2 5 g/k Wh, dow n 0.1 g /kWh; i ntegrated auxili ary pow er cons umption ratio in 5.12% , down 0. 26%; poll utant emis sions performa nce greatly re duced compare d to last year, carbon 0.09 g /k Wh, s ulfur di oxide 0 .104 g /k Wh NOx 0.5 12 g /kWh; dust removal efficie ncy of more than 9 9.8%. --Relia bility index: e quiv alent availability factor in 9 3.47%, i ncrea sed 7 .95% from a year earlie r. Equivalent force d outage rate 0 .08%, 0 .16% reducti on over the s ame peri od a year earli er. Major achievements : first, we shoul d a dhere to t he two "manag ement system" basi s, strengt heni ng technologi cal resear ch, strengthe n hi dde n haz ards contr ol and intrinsic s afety Enterprise construction t ook new steps. -T he tw o "management system" for improvement. Focus on promoti ng the power of the company manag ement system and the a ppli cation and im plementati on of the safety loop five-star manageme nt system, improve the safety management system, realiz e the system of safety control. Furt her regulate security routi nes, s afety supervi sion and management network r ole to play to a chi eve cl osed -loop. Strengthe ning t he supervis ion a nd ma nagement of ha bitua l violation of, strengtheni ng the safety s upervi sion of out sour cing contra ctors. Carried out i n spri ng and autum n of se curity inspe ctions, flood contr ol and ins pecti on, safety producti on month, day supervisi on of producti on s afety and the Olympi c Games a nd ot her
