TCRT5000_红外反射式光电传感器_反射型光电开关_光电对管_寻迹小车专用

tcrt5000红外光电传感器的工作原理是什么，怎样用它来循迹和避障？
我要用它做智能小车循迹和避障，最好能帮我附一下它配套的连接电路和程序提示
最佳答案
如图，R1一般200欧，R2一般10K，out接单片机，1为蓝色那个管，2为黑色那个管，Vcc 为5V，，当有亮色的东西，比如白纸放在它前面（一般1Cm处），out脚为低电平，当为暗色或没有东西在它前面时，out脚为高电平，这样，单片机就可以识别了，循迹循迹，循的就是这个亮与暗，你可以把小车走的路线上贴上黑胶布，再配上适当的程序，小车就会按黑胶布路线走了，电机驱动推荐用L298N，当然，也可以自己搭H桥，，，有一年的全国大学生电子设计就有个跷跷板智能小车，可以看一下，
追问
那请问TCRT5000 连接如图所示应该没问题吧，我按照这一电路连接，（在没经过施密特整形之前）可是out输出端恒为高电平，用白纸遮挡完全没有效果，用黑纸遮挡会出现大概0.3V左右的微小下降。

经过施密特整形之后，施密特触发器完全不工作，这又是由于什么呢。

麻烦请帮帮忙，我学计算机的，但对模拟信号不太懂。

我现在做的这个东西感觉最大的问题是在电压变幅太小了，也不知道是哪里的问题。

求指点。

交个朋友，悬赏也可以增加。

回答
Vcc为5v，红外管脚有正负之分，仔细观察蓝色管，里面小面积的边为图示的1脚，红外接收管这边也要注意！如果你确实是像如图所示连接的，那out端恒为高就没法解释了……20K 的减小到10k或者8k、9k，，发射管这边电阻弄到150~250欧，不然烧掉了的话就麻烦了，上次我们做循迹的时候，一烧就是两个（通常循迹都是用至少两个），倒不是担心钱，只是检查的时候非常难检查！。

电子创新设计模块制作设计报告名称：基于TCRT5000的循迹模块学院：机电工程学院专业：应用电子技术班级：09应电（2）班设计者：林志坚指导老师：玉宁杨青勇2011年6月一、硬件设计及说明1、原理图设计如下：图一原理电路作用原理：采用5V供电，TCRT5000传感器采用高射功率红外光电二极管和高灵敏度光电晶体管组成。

红外光电二极管发出红外光，当红外光反射回来被高灵敏度光电晶体管接收，则光电晶体管处于导通状态，输出高电平信号；当红外光没有反射回来，则光电晶体管处于高阻抗状态，输出低电平信号；输出信号经施密特电路整形，稳定可靠，且还有LED指示电路指示输出的状态，输出高电平时LED亮，低电平时灭。

2、PCB设计如下：图二PCB线路设计思路：板的大小为：10mmX40mm。

采用的是插件元件，降低了焊接难度，板的宽度只有10mm，这样使得该模块灵巧，在应用过程中更灵活。

二、主要元件介绍：1、TCRT5000：TCRT5000传感器采用高射功率红外光电二极管和高灵敏度光电晶体管组成。

红外光电二极管不断地反射出红外线，当发射出的红外线没有被反射回来或反射回来但强度不够大时，光敏三级管一直处于关断状态，输出低电平；当发射出的红外线被反射回来时，光敏三级管处于关闭状态，输出高电平。

2、CD40106CD40106由六个斯密特触发器电路组成。

每个电路均为在两输入端具有斯密特触发器功能的反相器。

触发器在信号的上升和下降沿的不同点开、关。

上升电压(V T+)和下降电压(V T-)之差定义为滞后电压。

三、测试过程：（1）外形尺寸：10mmX45mm；（2）工作电压：DC3V-5.5V；（3）检测距离：1mm-8mm适用，焦点距离为2.5mm;五、应用场合（1）电度表脉冲数据采样；（2）传真机碎纸机纸张检测；（3）障碍检测；（4）黑白线检测；六、注意事项：（1）使用时，光电传感器的前端面与被检测的工件或物体表面必须保持平行，这样光电传感器的转换效率最高；（2）光电传感器的前端面与反光板得距离保持在规定的范围内才能正常工作；（3）光电传感器长时间工作时红外接收管的最大工作电流不应超过250uA; （4）焊接改装传感器时，光电传感器的引脚根部与焊接点的最小距离不得小于5mm且焊接时间尽可能短，否则易损坏管芯或引起管芯性能的变化；七、总结经过这次模块的制作，我们学习了传感器和施密特触发器的知识及其相关应用，深入了解了TCRT5000红外传感器和CD40106的原理及应用，同时，在电路板的制作过程中，我们熟练了PCB的设计及制作电路板工艺。

TCRT5000 红外反射式光电传感器反射型光电开关光电对管寻迹小车专用
TCRT5000传感器的工作原理与一般的红外传感器一样,一传一感.TCRT5000具有一个红外发射管和一个红外接收管.当发射管的红外信号经反射被接收管接收后,接收管的电阻会发生变化,在电路上一般以电压的变化形式体现出来,而经过ADC转换或LM324等电路整形后得到处理后的输出结果.电阻的变化起取于接收管所接收的红外信号强度,常表现在反射面的颜色和反射面接收管的距离两二方面.硬件参考原理图如下:
以上资料为福强电子整理所得,仅供参考!。

TCRT5000红外反射式开关传感器寻黑白线循迹模块避障小车寻迹TCRT5000一体化光电传感器，具有抗干扰性强，使用方便等优点，是寻迹智能小车必备，检测距离10MM，多路可以适应多种黑线轨道，输入电压5V,黑线输出0V,白线输出5V,数字量输出，+：接直流DC5V正极-：接直流DC5V负极S：信号输出端，光敏三极管饱和，此时模块的输出端为高电平，指示二极管被点亮。

概述TCRT5000光电传感器模块是基于TCRT5000红外光电传感器设计的一款红外反射式光电开关。

传感器采用高发射功率红外光电二极管和高灵敏度光电晶体管组成，输出信号经施密特电路整形，稳定可靠。

应用场合：1.电度表脉冲数据采样2.传真机碎纸机纸张检测3.障碍检测4.黑白线检测基本参数：1.外形尺寸：长32mm~37 mm；宽7.5mm；厚2mm2.工作电压：DC 3V~5.5V，推荐工作电压为5V3.检测距离：1mm~8mm适用，焦点距离为2.5mm模块原理和应用电路原理图：图 1 TCRT5000传感器模块电路原理图传感器的红外发射二极管不断发射红外线，当发射出的红外线没有被反射回来或被反射回来但强度不够大时，光敏三极管一直处于关断状态，此时模块的输出端为低电平，指示二极管一直处于熄灭状态；被检测物体出现在检测范围内时，红外线被反射回来且强度足够大，光敏三极管饱和，此时模块的输出端为高电平，指示二极管被点亮。

驱动芯片：L298N双H桥驱动芯片2.驱动部分端子供电范围Vs：＋5V～＋35V；如需要板内输出5V，则供电范围Vs：+7V～+35V3.驱动部分峰值电流Io：2A4.逻辑部分端子供电范围Vss：＋5V～＋7V（可板内取电＋5V）5.逻辑部分工作电流范围:0～36mA6.控制信号输入电压范围：低电平：－0.3V≤Vin≤1.5V高电平：2.3V≤Vin≤Vss7.最大功耗：20W（温度T＝75℃时）8.存储温度：－25℃～＋130℃9.驱动板尺寸:55mm*49mm*33mm(带固定铜柱和散热片高度)10.驱动板重量：33g11.其他扩展：控制方向指示灯、逻辑部分板内取电接口。

智能循迹小车本文论述了基于单片机的智能循迹小车的控制过程。

智能循迹是基于自动引导机器人系统，用以实现小车自动识别路线，以及选择正确的路线。

智能循迹小车是一个运用传感器、单片机、电机驱动及自动控制等技术来实现按照预先设定的模式下，不受人为管理时能够自动实现循迹导航的高新科技。

该技术已经应用于无人驾驶机动车，无人工厂，仓库，服务机器人等多种领域。

本设计采用STC89C52单片机作为小车的控制核心；采用TCRT5000红外反射式开关传感器作为小车的循迹模块来识别白色路面中央的黑色引导线，采集信号并将信号转换为能被单片机识别的数字信号；采用驱动芯片L298N构成双H桥控制直流电机，其中软件系统采用C程序，本设计的电路结构简单，容易实现，可靠性高。

关键词：智能小车STC89C52单片机L298N 智能循迹目录一、绪论 (1)1.1 智能循迹小车概述 (1)1.1.1 循迹小车的发展历程回顾 (1)1.1.2 智能循迹分类 (2)1.1.3 智能循迹小车的应用 (3)1.2 智能循迹小车研究中的关键技术 (4)二、智能循迹小车总体设计方案 (5)2.1 整体设计方案 (5)2.1.1 系统设计步骤 (5)2.1.2 系统基本组成 (5)2.2 整体控制方案确定 (6)三、系统的硬件设计 (8)3.1 单片机电路的设计 (8)3.1.1 单片机的功能特性描述 (8)3.1.2 晶振电路 (9)3.1.3 复位电路 (9)3.2 光电传感器模块 (10)3.2.1 传感器分布 (11)3.3 电机驱动电路 (12)3.3.1 L298N引脚结构 (13)3.3.2 电机驱动原理 (13)3.3.3小车运动逻辑 (15)四、系统的软件设计 (16)4.1 软件设计的流程 (16)4.2 本系统的编译器 (17)五、系统的总体调试 (22)5.1 硬件的测试 (22)5.2 系统的软件调试 (22)参考文献 (24)一、绪论进入二十一世纪，随着计算机技术和科学技术的不断进步，机器人技术较以往已经有了突飞猛进的提高，智能循迹小车即带有视觉和触觉的小车就是其中的典型代表。

器件——TCRT5000参数与实际设计应⽤
TCRT5000是⼀种反射式光学传感器，它包括⼀个红外发射器和⼀个3.5mm引线封装的光电晶体管，可阻挡可见光。

还具有1mA 典型被测输出电流，2.5mm峰值⼯作距离，可应⽤传感与仪表，⼯业等⾏业。

我们知道，这是其实物图，但是我们要知道其原理，请看下⾯这张图
原理
我们知道，反射传感器包括了⼀个红外发射器和光电探测器，彼此相邻。

当⼀个物体位于传感路径中的发射器和探测器之间时，其会中断或打断发射器的光束，然后物体会反射发射器所发出的光束，使得探测器能够接收到，这样，探测器能够得到物体距离探测器的距离。

产品参数
距离参数
CTR：电流传输⽐，Iout/Iin
基本特性
电路图纸
⼯作原理描述：
在⼯作时，TCRT5000传感器的红外发射⼆极管不断发射红外线，当发射的红外线没有被反射回来或者反射回的强度不够⼤时，红外接收管⼀直处于关闭状态，此时5脚的电压低于6脚的电压，输出DO为⾼电平，LED1为熄灭状态；当红外反射强度⾜够且被物体阻挡被返回时，被接收器接收到时，5脚的电压⼤于6脚的电压，输出DO为低电平，LED1为点亮状态。

LED3灯常亮，是为了⽤于照明，减少外部光线的⼲扰，提⾼巡线准确度。

LED2作为电源指⽰灯，⽤来判断电源是否出现问题。

接线⽅式：
VCC:接电源
GND:接负极
DO:TTL开关信号输出，与其他器件I/O⼝连接
AO：模拟信号输出，通常情况下⽆需连接。

Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor OutputDescriptionThe TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.ApplicationsD Position sensor for shaft encoderD Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.D Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCRD General purpose – wherever the space is limitedUnit V mA A mW °CUnit V V mA mW °CElectrical Characteristics Input (Emitter)ParameterForward voltageJunction capacitanceOutput (Detector)ParameterCollector emitter voltageEmitter collector voltageCollector dark currentSensorParameterCollector currentCollector emittersaturation voltage100.0 Figure 6. Collector Current vs. Forward Current=50mA0.20.40.60.81.01.2096 11766I – R e l a t i v e C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n tC r e l Figure 9. Relative Collector vs. DistanceTCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 6 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm96 12073TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors7 (8)Document Number 83760Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm95 11267TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 8 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Ozone Depleting Substances Policy StatementIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P .O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423This datasheet has been download from: Datasheets for electronics components.。

摘要自循迹避障小车是行走机器人的一种，这种小车可以适应不同环境，不受温度、湿度、磁场辐射、重力等条件的影响，在人类无法进入或生存的环境中完成人类无法完成的探测任务，适用于国防及民用等多个领域。

本设计的主要任务是设计和实现基于ATMega128单片机的寻迹避障小车，包括硬件和软件两个部分。

硬件电路部分主要包括控制器、循迹电路、避障电路、电机驱动电路、显示电路、电源电路等。

自循迹避障小车的软件平台为ICCA VR开发环境。

软件系统包含系统初始化程序、红外传感器循迹程序、超声波避障程序与显示程序等。

车前部安装的红外传感器负责釆集道路信号，作为小车的循迹依据；超声波传感器负责测量障碍物和小车之间的距离，作为避障依据。

微控制器读取传感器当前状态，从而控制相应的电路，进而控制小车行进的速度和角度，最后实现小车在实验环境中自动循迹避障行驶的功能。

在本设计中，系统硬件和软件都采用了模块化结构，整个系统的电路结构简单，可靠性高，并可按需求增加或删除功能。

在实际的调试过程中，小车能自适应直道、弯道、交叉线等路况，并且能够避开跑道上的障碍物。

关键词：ATMega128；循迹；避障；ICCA VRAbstractSelf-tracing and obstacle avoidance electric vehicle is a kind of mobile robot, which is able to adapt various environments, humidity, magnetic radiation and gravity. Consequently the vehicle take the place of human to implement many tasks in the environment where human cannot set foot, which is applicable in many fields in the national defence and civilian.The main job of this project is to design and implement based on ATMega128 single-chip microcomputer self-tracing and obstacle avoidance car, including its hardware and software in two parts. The hardware circuit part mainly comprises a controller, a signal detection circuit, obstacle avoidance circuit, motor drive circuit, display circuit and power supply circuit. the software platform is ICCA VR. The software include initialization program, self-tracing program, obstacle avoidance program and display program. The road information is acquired for navigation by red sensor in the front of the vehicle. The red sensor recognizes the black line. The ultrasonic transducer recognizes the barriers. The micro controller acquires current state to control corresponding circuit and then the vehicle’s speed and angle. In this way the self-tracing driving function is realized in the experimental environment.The hardware and software of this project are all the modular it has. The circuit is simple in structure and the function can be added or deleted according to requirement. In the experiment, the vehicle can autonomously adapt straight road, corners and crosses line. The target of the self-tracing and obstacle avoidance vehicle are met.Key words: ATMega128; infrared sensor; obstacle avoidance; ICCA VR目录0前言 (1)1方案设计与论证 (2)1.1整体硬件方案论证 (2)1.2整体软件控制方案 (3)2系统硬件设计 (4)2.1单片机最小系统 (4)2.2电源模块 (8)2.3循迹模块 (9)2.4超声波避障模块 (20)2.5步进电机模块 (23)2.6液晶显示模块 (24)2.7 DS1302时钟模块 (25)3系统软件设计 (27)3.1 A VR单片机C语言设计 (27)3.2 ICCA VR编程器软件 (27)3.3系统程序流程图 (31)4系统总体调试 (32)4.1硬件调试 (32)4.2软件调试 (32)5系统抗干扰设计 (33)6技术经济分析 (35)7结论 (36)致 (37)参考文献 (38)附录A 译文 (39)附录B 外文文献 (43)附录C 设计程序 (49)0 前言人们一直都想拥有一种能够自动驾驶，并且能够适应各种复杂路面情况和沿着指定道路（轨迹）行驶的车辆。

基于蓝牙监控的智能循迹运输小车设计朱林海，洪晓芳，高芳芳,韩莉娜，刘茜(山东劳动职业技术学院电气及自动化系，山东济南250000)摘要：以STC15F2K60S2单片机为核心器件，设计了一种基于蓝牙监控的智能循迹运输小车。

小车从起点发车,5路光电传感器TCRT5000检测跑道位置信息并传送给单片机。

单片机根据循迹算法发送PWM波，通过电机驱动芯片L298N控制电机的转动速度和方向，使小车循迹行进。

到达终点，小车停止,物料检测模块监测装货过程，装货完毕，小车返回起点进行卸货%蓝牙模块将小车运行数据传送至手机端，通过手机APP对小车行进状态进行监控。

测试结果表明，小车能够快速、稳定的完成循迹、运输、报警功能，实现了小车的预期设计功能％关键词：运输小车；循迹算法;蓝牙监控；传感器；单片机中图分类号:TN273 文献标识码：A文章编号#1000-0682(2021)03-0126-05Design of intelligent tracking transport car based on Bluetooth monitoringZHU Linhai,HONG Xiofog,GAO Fogfog,HAN Lina,LI Qian(Department O Electricaland Automatiop,Shandong Labor Vocationaland TecCnical College, Shandong Jinan250000,China#Abstracr:The system chose STC15F2K60S2single-chip microcomputer as the core device,an in-1X10—1tracking Wospoa car based on Bluetooth101X)/10p designed.The car depots from the star­ing point.The runway position information is detected by5photoelectmc sensorr TCRT5000and then taansmi t ed tothesingee-chip micaocomputea.ThePWM waveissentbythesingee-chip micaocomputea accoadnngtothetaacknngaegoanthm.Themotoadanvechnp L298N ns used tocontaoetheaotatnon speed and direction of the motor so as to make the car track.Car stops after reaching the end.After loading,the car returns to the starting point for unloading-The running data of the car is transmitted to the mobile phone by the Bluetooth module,and the running status of the car is monitored by the mobile phone app.The test results show that t he car has completed the functions ot tracking,transpo/ation,alarm.FinOly,we realiae the expected design functions of the car.Keywonls：WospoO car；tracking OgoOthm；Bluetooth monitoOng；sensor；single-chip microcompuW0引言智能运输小车适用于环境恶劣，重复性和劳动强度大的场合，在工业生产线、仓库存储、快递、航空航天等领域广泛应用U"-。

Reflective Optical Sensor with Transistor OutputDescriptionThe TCRT5000(L) has a compact construction wherethe emitting-light source and the detector are arrangedin the same direction to sense the presence of an ob-ject by using the reflective IR beam from the object.The operating wavelength is 950 mm. The detectorconsists of a phototransistor.ApplicationsD Position sensor for shaft encoderD Detection of reflective material such as paper,IBM cards, magnetic tapes etc.D Limit switch for mechanical motions in VCRD General purpose – wherever the space is limitedUnit V mA A mW °CUnit V V mA mW °CElectrical Characteristics Input (Emitter)ParameterForward voltageJunction capacitanceOutput (Detector)ParameterCollector emitter voltageEmitter collector voltageCollector dark currentSensorParameterCollector currentCollector emittersaturation voltage100.0 Figure 6. Collector Current vs. Forward Current=50mA0.20.40.60.81.01.2096 11766I – R e l a t i v e C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n tC r e l Figure 9. Relative Collector vs. DistanceTCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 6 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Dimensions of TCRT5000 in mm96 12073TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors7 (8)Document Number 83760Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Dimensions of TCRT5000L in mm95 11267TCRT5000(L)Vishay Semiconductors 8 (8)Rev. A4, 03–Jul–00Document Number 83760Ozone Depleting Substances Policy StatementIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment.It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P .O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423This datasheet has been download from: Datasheets for electronics components.。