2012年 北京各区 一模 说明文

第一节情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华。

下面四幅图描述了上周五你参加的一次拓展训练活动。

请根据图片的先后顺序，用英语为校刊写一篇短文。

词数不少于60。

参考词汇：outward bound 拓展训练Last Friday, my class took part in a meaningful and challenging course—Outward Bound.Early in the morning, we got to an Outward Bound centre on our school bus. Upon arrival, we were divided into several groups and our coach introduced the course to us. Shortly afterwards, we got involved in various activities. One of them was jumping across a broken bridge. I was afraid at first, but with the encouragement of the coach, I finally made it. What impressed me most was climbing over a wall to “escape.” We helped one another and all of us managed to “survive.”Before we left the centre, we had a photo taken to record the unforgettable experience, which gave us a good chance to build up courage and improve our sense of teamwork.第一节情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的班长李华，去年冬天你们班开展了“为西藏希望小学献爱心”的活动。

初三英语2012年一模作文及分类参考作文选海淀一模I was glad that I saw many classmates do something to protect the environment yesterday.First,they picked up the trash into the plastic bags. Next,they cleaned the park to kept it beautiful. Then they planted mang trees in the north of our school. Finally, they put on posters to call people for protecting the environment.I think they really did a good job. They not only did something meaningful but also protect the environment. They make me know it’s our duty to protect the en vironment. From them,I learn that I could use both sides of paper to save more trees and turn off the water-tap quickly after I wash my hand.I believe if everyone makes a little effort, we can make a big difference. Let’s take action! The life will be better.西城一模As we all know, smile is one of the best expressions. It can not only show us kindness but also cheer up others.It was a cold winter evening. When I was on my way home, a car rushed to me suddenly and I fell off the bike. Thanks to a girl pass ing by, I got up and didn’t get injured. I was too frightened to say a word even “Thank you”. But the girl didn’t mind, instead, she smiled to me. At that moment, I was moved because I felt her kindness and the care of me.Although it was really cold, my heart was warm. I have realized a smile can mean a lot to the person who is in trouble. I decide to smile to others as much as I can. If everyone can do so, the world will become more beautiful and peaceful.(胡常昊)Smile is really magic. A smile can encourage the people who are in trouble and help them out.Last month, I failed in my math test again. I was so disappointed that I gave up studying. I didn’t do my homework any more and escaped from school. At tha t time, my best friend came to me, “I know you’re having a difficult time,” she said with a smile, “cheer up and I’ll stay with you to overcome it. ”I was deeply moved. I had never received an encouragement like that. She made me feel so confident again that I decided to work hard. She also helped me a lot with my math. Finally, just like what she said, I really made a great progress.Thank her a lot. What I have learnt from her is that try your best and never give up when you face challenges.I will remember her beautiful smile and keep going.（许龙宜）房山一模Hi! Li JingI’m glad to hear from you. I have had the same problem as you. So don’t worry, I’ll help you.I think your parents should allow you to play with Jack. But do you know why they do so? Yes. it’s because they care everything about you. They want you to grow up healthily and happily. So don’t argue with them. Do something to let them believe you can control yourself and get on well with your friends.Actually it’s easier than you think. Just make your parents know what your friend is like and what you like doing together. It’s necessary to introduce him to them if possible. What’s more, you should take responsibility for what you have done. If you are both good at study, they will be happy. In addition, I think it’s important to exchange your ideas with them more often. It can make not only your parents less worried but also the relation of you and your parents become much better. (黄秋然)I hope what I said will help you.YoursLily燕山作文As the rapid development of the industry, cell phones are now used by more and more people. At school, I often see my classmates use cell phones to send messages. Sometimes when they are tired, they use their cell phones to listen to music or even play games to relax themselves.From my point of view, a cell phone is certainly very convenient. It can help us keeping touch with friends and it’s easy to connect with others. We can phone someone in time and pass notes to our parents. However, it can sometimes be bad for us. So we should use it at right time. We’d better not take it to school unless we really need it. If you should, turn it off during school time, or it’ll affect what you are doing.How to use cell phones depends on ourselves. I think it’s better for a student to use it as little as possible, especially when we are studying at school.（郭婧）旅游叙事类范文：An Unforgettable Trip to the BeachDuring the summer holiday, I went to a beautiful beach with my parents and had an unforgettable trip.I will never forget the views there. The sunshine was bright and it seemed that the sea was shiny, too. The sky was blue and so was the sea. There were no clouds in the sky and the sea was calm. What a beautiful picture it looked! I was a little afraid of the water. Thus, I was only lying on the beach. A gentle wind blew, I felt peaceful.However, when I heard the laughter of the people in the sea, I couldn’t help joining them and we played with the water happily. Of course, my fear about the sea was fading. Soon, laughter surrounded the beach…At last, we took a walk along the sea when the sun was setting. I found that when I was close to nature, nothing was more beautiful than it.Our trip was a great success. Time goes by, but the sweet memory will be carefully kept in my mind.A Special HolidayLast summer, I went to Qingdao with my family. I had a very good time there and it was the most unforgettable holiday I’ve ever had.The weather there was quite different from that in Beijing. The sky was crystal clear and we could see all kinds of birds flying in the sky. The temperature was neither too high nor too low. During the vacation, what I like best was the day when we went to the beach. Almost all day we walked on the beach and I picked up many shells while my parents were taking photos of the beautiful sea. Later in the afternoon, we sat down on the beach and watched the sunset. “How beautiful it is!” I put myself and the beauty of mature together in my mobile phone. During those days, we also went to buy some traditional food and gifts. Finally, we left with the deep love of Qingdao.This trip is the one that I’ll never forget. Although time goes by, the sweet memory will be carefully kept in my mind forever.写事类范文：A Special ExperienceMy name is Wang Bing, yesterday was my birthday, and taking part in the volunteer activities might be mymost meaningful birthday gift.It was a fine day yesterday. I got up early so that I could reach the Children’s Hospital on time. I had a quick breakfast and called up my friends. Then we took a No.3 bus and arrived at the hospital at 8:30. To my surprise, all of the young patients had beautiful faces full of sadness. So we decided to do something to cheer them up. We took out the presents that we prepared for them before, not expensive but filled with encouragement. We sang and danced, played games, and when they were tired, we told stories to them. Before long, they were happy again. That made us pleased and got a sense of achievement. After that, we left with happiness.I came back home at 15:30, I was tired but happy, so helping others is my biggest pleasure.An Forgettable DayYesterday was my birthday. I had a meaningful and unforgettable day which I’ve never had.In the morning, I got up early and did everything really fast. At 7:00 am, I left for the Children’s hospital with excitement. Holding some small presents in my hands, I walked into the ward to meet the sick children. They were really happy when I got into the room. Laughter surrounded the room and there were big smiles on the children’s faces. We chatted and joked, and sang songs together.Time flew, and it was time to say goodbye. The children were a little sad, and I even saw tears in their eyes. But they were glad that we had a really happy time.Although I didn’t go to the amusement park to enjoy my birthday as usual, I had a really unforgettable day. Because of my visit, the children were happy, so I was happy. I would always remember the faces of the children forever.写人类范文：My favorite classmate is Florida. She plays an important part in my life. She is lovely and friendly. We usually get on well with each other, because we can reach an agreement all the time. We always talk about something interesting with each other. And she can always come to the top in the school exams. So she often helps me solve problems in my study with patience. When I fail in the exam, she usually encourages me and makes me happy again. Some people say, “A true friend can give you a hand and touch your heart.” So, Florida is a true friend for me, isn’t she?There are many people that we meet in our lives, but only a few will make a lasting impression in our mind and hearts. It’s these people who we will always remain as true friends.I will never forget you. My friend, Florida…There is a girl name Nancy in my class. She is the tallest among the girls and she has curly hair. She is friendly to others, and there is always a smile on her face. She’s my best friend.Once, I forgot to bring my English homework to school. When she was collecting our homework for the teacher, I told her about it and asked her to conceal the truth for me. She gave me a meaningful and knowing smile without saying anything. To my surprise, when the teacher asked about it, she didn’t do as I said---she told the teacher the truth! At that time, I was really mad at her and didn’t even want to be her friend any more. But later, I understood that what she had done was a wise choice, she did so because I’m her best friend. Since then, we’re even closer, and I’d really appreciate what she had done for me.You see, she’s such a upright, warm-heated and responsible girl. All the teachers and students like her. And also, I’m sure our friendship will be forever.The person I want to thank is my English teacher. She is about forty years old. She is tall and thin with long black curly hair. As for a teacher, she loves teaching and teaches us with patience. You can always see a big smileon her face.Her class is really interesting and useful. She teaches us not only much knowledge but also many skills on how to learn English well. These skills even can help us with other subjects. All of my classmates love her lessons. When we make mistakes, she is very strict with us, but she doesn’t scold us. She often encourages us not to lose heart and treat us as her own child. With her help, I made some big progress in English last term.She is also a really kind teacher. When someone has some problems, she will help him. When someone is ill, she takes good care of him. After class, she is easygoing. We all get on well with her, so we often play games with her and make fun of her.We all know our grades can cheer her up, so we must work hard in order that our teacher can smile every day.环保类范文：As citizens of the world, we must take some actions to protect our planet. Maybe we can start with the small things in our daily life. First, we should train ourselves to form the habit of saving the water and paper as well as turning off the lights when we leave the room. In addition, walking to school or to work instead of taking the bus can also reduce the waste gases. Apart from that, we also have the duty to spread the ideas of protecting the environment. We can call on the public to plant trees and stop the factories from pouring the dirty water into the rivers. You know, the more people join us, the more things can be done, so that the better our environment will be.However, nothing will change if we just think but don’t do it. So, hurry up. Let’s do our best to save our planet.But is there nothing to do to save the earth? The answer is obviously no. Actually there are several methods we can take to make our environment better. First, the government should prevent factories from pouring dirty water into the river. Second, we’d better plant more trees. It’s not only a way to make our city look more beautiful, but also a good choice to improve the environment. Third, we are supposed to ride buses or bikes rather than use cars when we go out. And finally, form the habit of saving energy. Always remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room and try to use less water in your daily life.We have to know, the earth is our own home and also our only home. Now our home is suffering from a terrible disaster, can we just stand there and watch it happen?图表调查类范文：We did a survey about middle school students’ hobbies. Here are the results. From the diagram we can know that most students agree to surf the Internet. Besides, half of the students are for eating snacks at school. Moreover, nearly all the students disagree to wear school uniforms to school every day.In my view, students should be allowed to eat snacks in the classroom, because they always feel hungry. If they don’t have enough food, they won’t concentrate more on their studies. In addition, I don’t agree to spend lots of time surfing the Internet. Most students can’t help playing computer games, so sometimes they forget to do their homework.In a word, students will study better if they have good habits.We did a survey about middle school student’s hobbies. Here are the results. As can be seen from the diagram, most students reach an agreement in surfing the internet. First, surfing theinternet can broaden our vision and we can learn what we can’t learn at school. Secondly, it’s a good way for us to relax ourselves. Having facing so much stress, we do need to have some fun. However, this doesn’t mean that we can spend lots of time surfing the Internet, oppositely, we should use it in a good way so that it can benefit us.Moreover, although nearly all the students disagree to wear schools uniforms, I think we should. Because as students, our main mission is to study well, not just thinking about how to dress up ourselves all day. And wearing school uniforms helps us save the time that we may spend in choosing clothes so that we can concentrate more on our studies.All in all, no matter what kind of hobbies we have, we should be sure that it’s good for both our studies and lives.提建议类范文Dear Tom,I’m really happy to hear form you, but I’m sorry to hear that you have some annoying problems. So don’t worry, I will try my best to help you.As for the weather, it’s always dry in Beijing, a good advice is to drink more water. You will get used to it. Well, about Chinese, it’s really a problem for you. But fortunately, you are in the environment of Chinese, you should try to speak Chinese as much as possible and don’t be afraid of making mistakes. In that way, you’ll make progress. Being new here, I know it’s difficult for you. You’d better try to make as many friends as you can, and if you feel lonely during the weekends, you can call your classmates up and invite them to your house.Anyway, remember, I’ll always be your best friend.Dear Tom,I’m delighted to write to you and I hope that my advice can help you some way.First of all, I’m sorry to hear that you feel uncomfortable because of the dry weather. However, I figure that eating more fruits, drinking more water can help you get out of that trouble. As for your language problem, why not consider joining a Chinese club where there are good Chinese native speakers? Communicating with them on any popular topic can be fun and good for your listening and oral Chinese. In addition, I know that it’s hard for someone to get on well with foreigners at first, but if you smile more to the people around you, your friends will surely show up!In a word, I do hope you can gradually get used to your new life. I’m looking forward to your good news!。

北京市2012年九年级一模说明文汇总（二）阅读下面文字，完成第18—19题。

（共8分）海淀①从北京的地图上可以看到一条贯穿南北的中轴线，历史上，这条中轴线长达7.8公里，南起永定门，北到钟鼓楼。

建筑大师梁思成这样赞美这条中轴线：“全世界最长，也最伟大的南北中轴线穿过了全城。

北京独有的壮美秩序就由这条中轴的建立而产生。

”②中轴线始于元朝对大都城的规划设计，至明清两朝形成了现有的规模。

中轴线上的建筑高低起伏错落，前后疏密有致，色彩对比强烈。

进永定门北行，一条笔直的大街会把你引向高大的正阳门楼，在门前百余米的地方一座宽大雄伟的牌楼和一座大石桥为其做了前卫。

过了正阳门，红墙黄瓦的建筑代替了青砖灰瓦的建筑，这就是雄踞于中轴线上的皇城。

首先映入眼帘的是中华门，经长长的御路（民国时已拆除），到天安门，形成第一波的起伏变化。

从天安门开始，是一系列大小不一的宫门和广庭，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

高大的城楼、皇宫、庙堂一层又一层地起伏峋峙①，到神武门结束。

再向北，景山奇峰突起，然后再下滑到寿皇殿、地安门。

由地安门继续往北过一条长长的街市，在这里经过万宁桥这个小小的起伏过渡，接着就出现了高大的鼓楼、钟楼，在这两座建筑周围，成片的绿荫中间掩映着灰墙灰瓦的低矮民居院落。

鼓楼、钟楼传出的报时的鼓声、钟声，不时在这些院落、街巷上空回荡，中轴线就收束在这钟鼓声里。

③明代把天坛、先农坛安排在中轴线起点的两侧，使中轴线一开始就有中心明显，整齐对称、相互呼应的特点。

进入紫禁城，左祖（太庙）右社（社稷坛）对称地安排在紫禁城前面，昭示了左右对称、中轴明显的皇城格局，紫禁城中的建筑基本上都是对称修建，例如御花园中以中轴线上的钦安殿为中心，左面的浮碧亭与右面的澄瑞亭都是四角攒尖顶的方亭，形式相同，形成对称；降雪轩与养性斋，建筑平面分别呈“凸”“凹”字形，形式互补，形成呼应。

中轴线上的景山，是明朝通过挖湖堆山的手法，利用修筑紫禁城挖护城河的泥土和拆除元宫城内宫殿的渣土，在紫禁城后面堆积成的一座土山，它坐落在中轴线的中心点、北京旧城的中心位置上。

1答案：（共8分）18.答案：中轴线的规模及作用中轴线上的建筑布局高度评价这样的建筑布局和处理空间的规模（共3分。

共3空，每空1分）19.答案示例：删去后，就无法准确说明中轴线在钟楼处结束，是独一无二的设计和建筑布局，人们会误认为中轴线是在钟楼处自然而然结束的。

（共2分）20.答案示例：景山是宫城的靠山；景山上的万春亭是中轴线的中心点和最高点，也是观赏北京古城的最佳之处。

（共3分。

共3点，每点1 分）2答案（共8分）18．答案示例：理由一，【甲】句与上文“不同的人家，不同的行业，都会有不同于他人的祈望与祝福”直接相关（1分）；理由二，【乙】句与下文的“对祖国日新月异的美好生活的赞颂”“自家对未来的美好追求和向往”直接相关（1分）；理由三，【甲】【乙】两句构成递进关系，强调的是【乙】。

（1分）评分标准：共3分。

共3条理由，每条理由1分。

19．答案示例：选A（1分）原因一：“祖国山河好”和“人民岁月新”上下联词性相对，“祖国”对“人民”，“山河好”“岁月新”。

而“五洲同欢庆”则不相对。

（2分，前后各1分）原因二：“人民岁月新”的最后一个字“新”是平声，符合下联末尾字字音必须为平声的要求，而“五洲同欢庆”的最后一个字“庆”则为仄声，不符合这一要求。

（2分，前后各1分）。

评分标准：共5分。

选A ，1分。

每条理由各2分。

3答案（共8分）19．答案：①速度②危害（影响）（共2分。

每空1分）20．答案要点：如果删去这段文字，其一，就不清楚“极热事件”持续的时间；其二，不能和下面“因为人类参与，海洋酸化只用了不到400年”形成比较，从而说明目前海洋酸化速度是过去3亿年来最快的。

（共3分。

“其一”1分，“其二”2分）21．答案要点：①二氧化碳含量增加加剧海水的酸化程度②海水的腐蚀性越强，对海洋生物身体的伤害越大③海洋生物的生存面临极大的威胁（共3分。

每个要点1分）4答案（共8分）18.答案示例：【甲】【乙】两个语句不能调换位置，因为，其一，【甲】句与前面的“紫禁城”一句直接相关；其二，【乙】句与其后“纵览南北景色”一句以及后面说明清朝在景山修山亭强化了中轴线对称与中心点的内容直接相关；其三，两句调换后，表意的重点就会发生改变,与原意不符。

2010年北京各区一模作文题目汇总及范文大成语文提供西城：支点《现代汉语词典》关于“支点”的解释：①杠杆上起支撑作用，绕着转动的固定点。

②指事物的中心或关键。

围绕你生活中“支点是什么”的问题想一想，写出你的亲身经历和感受，或者谈谈你对“支点"的看法.海淀：春暖心田东城：好想，好想……崇文：请从以下两题中任选一题，按要求作文。

题一不是没有题二闪光的珍珠我们踏上了原野的小路，看见小树上有许多新芽吐出,虽然是匆匆而过，却总愿回头，再看看每颗小树，一颗新芽，就是一颗闪光的珍珠。

我们常常到海岸上漫步，看见海上奔腾的波峰浪谷，虽然是漫步而过,却总愿唱着向大海祝福，一声祝愿，就是一颗闪光的珍珠。

我们刚踏入人生的旅途，常担忧纯真的心会感到孤独，虽然是路途遥遥，却总会有朋友和我会晤,一颗童心，就是一颗闪光的珍珠。

阅读上面的文字，请以《闪光的珍珠》为题，写一篇文章。

宣武：题目：（l）我们（2）你们（3)他们(4）她们要求：（l)从以上题目中选择一个抄写在答题卡上，作为你的题目。

丰台：题一：以”路就在脚下”为题写一篇写人记事的记叙文，不少于600字。

题二：以”明天会更好”为题写一篇不少于600字的文章，自选文体（诗歌除外).石景山：依靠自己朝阳：________的爱大兴：又是飘香时无论经过多少年，往日的回忆依旧炽热，旷野的风吹过窗棂,仿佛又闻到了那醉人的清香……要求：从你熟知的花草中，任选一种填入所给标题的空白处.以上述楷体字为开头第一段，续写一篇600~1000字的作文。

房山：有一种美丽叫——门头沟：文题一：“在充满的日子里要求：1、将上面题目补充完整，然后写一篇具有真情实感的记叙文2、不少于600字。

文题二:在熙熙攘攘的十字路口，你也许目睹了感人肺腑的一幕，也许经历过发人深省的故事……在错综复杂的人生路口,平庸的人，往往犹豫不决，随波逐流，错过芬芳花季;明智的人，常常坚定不移，执着一念，把握青春年华……每个路口都有故事,都有思考，都蕴含着深刻的道理。

苏醒中的母亲张抗抗①年近八十高龄的母亲，长期患高血压，令我一直牵挂悬心。

2002年秋天的一个凌晨，我担心的事情终于发生了，父亲打电话告诉我，母亲猝发脑出血，已经及时送往医院准备手术。

②飞机在黑暗中上升，穿越浓云密布的天空，我觉得自己像一个被安装在飞机上的零部件，没有知觉，没有思维。

我只是躯体在飞行，我的心早已先期到达了。

③走进重症监护室最初那一刻，我竟然不认识自己的母亲了——仅仅只是一天，脑部手术后依然处于昏迷状态的母亲，整个面部都萎缩变形了，口腔、鼻腔和身上到处插满了管子，头顶上敷着大面积的厚纱布……手术成功地清除了母亲大脑表层的淤血，家人和亲友们都松了口气。

然后是在重症监护室外的走廊上整日整夜地守候，焦虑而充满希望地等待。

等待是如此漫长，母亲沉睡的身子把钟表的指针压住了。

那些日子我才知道，“时间”是会由于母亲的昏迷而昏迷的。

④两天以后的一个上午，母亲的眼皮在灯光下开始微微战栗。

那个瞬间，脚下的地板也随之战栗了。

母亲睁开眼睛的那一刻，阴郁的天空云开雾散，整座城市所有的楼窗，都好像突然一扇一扇地敞开。

然而她不能说话，只能依赖呼吸机维持生命。

她的意识是模糊的，只能用茫然的眼神注视我们，那个时刻，整个世界都与她一同沉默了。

⑤母亲开口说话，是在呼吸机停用后的第二天夜晚。

我悄悄走到妈妈床边，说：“妈妈，是我呀，抗抗来了。

”⑥由于插管子损伤了喉咙，妈妈的声音变得粗哑低沉，她复述了一遍我的话，那句话却变成了：“妈妈来了。

”⑦我纠正她：“是抗抗来了。

”⑧她固执地重复强调说：“妈妈来了。

”⑨我的眼泪一下子涌上来。

“妈妈来了”——那个熟悉的声音，从我遥远的童年时代传来：“别怕，妈妈来了。

”——在母亲苏醒后的最初时段，在母亲依然昏沉疲惫的意识中，她脆弱的神经里不可摧毁的信念是：妈妈来了。

⑩妈妈来了。

妈妈终于回来了。

○11母亲的语言功能一天天开始恢复。

在病床上长久地输液保持一个姿势让她觉得难受，她便不停地转动头部，企图挣脱鼻管。

2012年北京一模各区作文汇总海淀区文段表达。

（共15分）74．昨天你高兴地看到许多同学在校园里自觉地做了一些事去保护环境。

请你以“ Learn from Them”为题给你校英语周刊投稿。

内容包括同学们在校园里的具体做法，你的感受，以及你要向他们学习什么。

提示词语：pick up the trash, plant, reuse, saveLearn from ThemNowadays more and more people have done a lot to protect the environment.Y esterday, I was glad to see many students volunteer their time to make our school environment better. Some students picked up the trash on the playground, some students planted the trees, and other students made posters calling on people to lead a low-carbon life.I was moved by what they did. The environmental protection is not only the business of the government, but also the responsibility of each of us. Even a small effort can make a great difference so I made up my mind to learn from them.I will turn off the lights when I leave the room, and I won’t keep the water running when I am not using it. Besides, reusing some old things I plan to throw away will be my choice. What’s more, I will remind people around me to take part in such activities.Action speaks louder than words. Let’s work together!西城区文段表达（15分）74. 根据中文大意和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。

2012年北京市各城区中考一模作文题目及范文北京市海淀区2012年中考一模作文题目：六、作文（50分）23.“温故知新”的意思是“复习学过的知识，可以得到新的认识；也只重温历史经验，更好地认识现在”。

生活中，伴随着复习旧知识的过程，我们会加深对新知识的理解，也可能产生新的认识；伴随着对以往经历的回忆或对历史经验的反思，我们会加深对情感的体会、对事理的认知、对社会的认识。

请你以“温故知新”为题目，写一篇文章。

要求：（1）将题目抄写在答题纸上；（2）文体不限（诗歌除外）；（3）字数在600-1000之间；（4）作文中不要出现所在学校的校名或师生的姓名范文：温故知新子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。

”温故才可知新。

同一种事物，在不同的情境，不同的时期给人的感受与启迪是不一样的。

随着时间的推移与年龄的增长，带给我们的是机智与深沉，更加丰富的人生阅历与社会经验使我们对于同一事物会有更加深刻的理解与认识。

因此，重温过去，总能使我们有新的收获。

清末著名文学家曹雪芹笔下的《红楼梦》被称为中国四大名著之首，集高度的思想性与艺术性于一体，是中华文化艺术中的瑰宝。

然而现代着名女作家冰心在十三、四岁的时候读《红楼梦》时不但没有对其产生兴趣，甚至还对贾宝玉的“女声女气”，林黛玉的“哭哭啼啼”感到了厌烦。

当她在中年的时候捧起《红楼梦》，重温作者笔下那血肉鲜活的人物形象与曲折动人的故事情节，却尝到了“满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪”，一个朝代与家庭的兴亡盛衰的滋味。

这是为什么呢？正是温故而知新。

如果冰心没有重新来品读《红楼梦》，那么她有怎么会体会到曹雪芹在字里行间倾注、流露出的辛酸与无奈，又怎么会理解“世事洞明皆学问，人情炼达即文章”的事理，又怎么会看到一个黑暗、封建腐朽的社会，在内心与作者产生强烈共鸣呢？由此可见起重要性。

我们现在是中学生，正处于一个接受知识、增长智慧的黄金时段，我们的大脑每天都会收到各种各样的、大量的信息与知识，但其中能够被真正彻底消化的不及50%。

海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习语文2012.4第Ⅰ卷（选择题共27分）一、本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

1.下列词语中，字形和加点的字的读音全部正确的一项是（）A.镌刻余音绕粱牵掣．（zhì) 揆情度．（duó)理B.观瞻激浊扬清商贾．（gǔ) 良莠（yǒu）不齐C.棉薄两袖清风迄．（qì）今矫．（jiāo)揉造作D. 斧正闻过饰非聒．（guā）噪若即．（jí）若离2.下列句子中，加点的成语使用不恰当的是（）A.春天的颐和园，小草带着泥土的芬芳钻了出来，柳枝之昆明湖畔轻轻摇曳，桃花在枝头尽情绽放，真是秀色可餐．．．．。

B.中华民族几千年的文明积淀和不绝如缕．．．．的文化传统，是我国新时期文化发展的起点，是我们民生振兴的基石。

C.在全球经济一体化的浪潮下，一个经济体爆发危机，就会冲击到其他经济体，因此，任何开放国家都难以独善其身．．．．。

D.福岛核事故发生一周年之际，日本政府首次组织记者进入核电站采访，让他们按照规定路线走马观花．．．．的转了一遭。

3.下列句子中，没有语病的一句是（）A.虽然中国公民在苏丹遭劫持是一起偶发事件，但中国公民出国要清楚的了解海外安全形势，防止各类安全风险，采取有效措施。

B.男子网坛两大巨头的决战持续近六小时，成为史上最长的大满贯决赛展现观众面前，这场决赛开启了世界男子网球赛的新时代。

C.文物局提出针对当前首都城市的发展与古都名城的保护，相关单位应加强文物保护力度，落实各项监管责任。

D.麦当劳（中国）有限公司销售过期食品，国家食品监管安全司要求其立即进行整改，以防止此类问题再次出现。

4.下列有关文学常识的表述,有错误的一项是（)A.中国第一部纪传体通史《史记》是由司马迁撰写的，后人称赞它“不虚美，不隐恶”，具有秉笔直书的“实录”精神。

B.诸葛亮的《出师表》、李密的《陈情表》分别体现了中国古代文化中的忠、孝传统，这两篇文章言辞恳切，感人至深。

2012一模说明文分析现代文阅读能力【2012年考纲】(1)能正确书写3500个常用汉字。

(2)能运用逗号、顿号、分号、冒号、句号、问号、感叹号、引号、破折号、省略号、书名号等11种标点符号。

(3)能根据语言环境理解词义，辨析同义词和反义词，领会词语的感情色彩。

(4)能识别和运用陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句等4种句式。

(5)能识别不同的文体，能读懂文章的内容，能概括文章要点和主旨【11年能根据不同文体特点，读懂文章内容。

】(6)能分析文章的思路结构：说明文（时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序）；记叙文（顺叙、倒叙、插叙）；议论文（总分、并列、层进、对照）。

(7)能把握句子在文章中的含义，能分析句子和段落的表达作用。

【11年能把握文中句子的含义，能分析句子或段落的表达作用，能概括文章要点或主旨。

】(8)能识别和运用比喻、拟人、排比、夸张、设问、反问、对比等7种修辞方法，能在具体语言环境中理解修辞方法的表达效果。

(9)能辨别举例子、列数字、作比较、列图表等4种说明方法，并分析其作用。

(1O)能识别人物描写（肖像、动作、语言、心理）和环境描写（自然、社会）的方法，并分析其作用。

【11年能分析人物描写（肖像、动作、语言、心理）、环境描写（自然、社会）的作用。

】(11)能辨别论证方法（举例论证、引用论证、对比论证），并分析其作用。

（2011新增加考点）(12)能依据文意，对文章的思想内容、表达方式、语言特点，表达自己的感受和见解。

(13)能在理解文意的基础上，根据要求作适当的拓展；能依据阅读材料和要求进行仿写、扩写、缩写、改写、续写。

(14)能结合具体语言环境和生活场景，运用语文知识和综合学习的语文能力解决问题。

2012一模考说明文阅读1、长宁《中国古代的书籍》17-21题21分2、徐汇《转出一个东西南北》16-20题20分3、浦东《汉字美在多维》16-20题20分4、闵行《塑料瓶装水真的“干净”吗》16-20题22分5、静安《3D时代，我为何会晕》16-22题22分6、嘉定《揭开害羞之谜》16-19题20分7、崇明《“无纸化办公”》16-20题21分8、宝山《辣椒趣说》16-20题22分9、虹口《动物导航之谜》16-20 题20分题量、题型、分值、比例简析文章类型：事理性说明文（11年二模说明文与中国的文化结合比较紧密。

2012北京中考一模海淀语文试卷分析2012年北京中考一模已逐渐拉开帷幕，作为打头阵的语文，海淀、西城的试卷已热呼呼地出炉了，本文将针对海淀一模试卷进行简要评析，希望对大家有所帮助。

选择题题量毫无疑问是六道，题型无任何悬念可言，完全沿袭2011中考思路，分别是字音、字义、关联词、语意衔接、标点和修辞。

同学们会心领神会地发现今年新增的二十个词语华丽丽地出现在了字音题中，但不难；其他的无论是转折/递进语气的判断、标点正误的考察、语意衔接题中上下文内容及结构的对应，应该说都不难。

对大多数学生而言，稍微难一点的，应该是字义题及修辞题。

字义题中对“奥妙”“莫名其妙”的分析及“神气”“心旷神怡”的分析可能会难倒一部分学生；而修辞题的选项，完全延续去年中考思路，错误的地方不在修辞的判定，而在对表现对象特点的分析，不细心的学生很容易出问题——这也是以后大家备考过程中要千万注意的。

填空题默写题没有什么可说的，考察篇目基本是平时背默过好几遍的诗歌，失分的同学只能埋怨自己平时不够努力；名著阅读很难。

第一空“《诗经》西汉时被尊为经典”，当有一定文学底蕴的学生苦思冥想到底是哪个名家时，以后会赫然发现答案是“儒家”。

此空能得分的学生要么有大量的课外阅读量，最好是看过文学史；要么上课非常认真地听老师讲课，没漏过每一个细微环节。

第二空和第三空考察比兴的用法，需结合《蒹葭》原文分析，答好此题的前提一是对题干中《关雎》的分析了熟于心，二是需完全领会《蒹葭》一诗的个中含义。

综合性学习综合性学习从材料内容来看，难度中等。

第一题，筛选并概括信息，需学生有按分答题的习惯，虽是三则材料，但既有四分，答案要点肯定是四点。

本题难点集中如下：第一，材料一中需概括出两个要点，要非常细心审读材料；第二，材料三与材料一二之间形成了因果关系，需在概括的过程中注意。

上过课的同学，对此你们应心领神会的。

第二题，对材料进行综合概括并得出结论。

难点集中如下：第一，材料一中的两个要点几乎集中在一句话中，很多同学可能会漏掉第二点；第二，写结论的时候，需提取两则材料之间的关系，实际上就是用关联词为两则材料建立起联系，再加以概括。

北京市17区县2011-2012学年度初三第一学期期末语文试题记叙文阅读汇编01东城区阅读《我的叔叔于勒》（节选），完成第16—19题。

（共14分）①我父亲突然好像不安起来，他向旁边走了几步，瞪着眼看了看挤在卖牡蛎的身边的女儿女婿，就赶紧向我们走来。

他的脸色十分苍白，两只眼也跟寻常不一样。

他低声对我母亲说：“真奇怪！这个卖牡蛎的怎么这样像于勒？”②母亲有点莫名其妙，就问：“哪个于勒？”③父亲说：“就……就是我的弟弟呀。

……如果我不知道他现在是在美洲，有很好的地位，我真会以为就是他哩。

”④我母亲也怕起来了，吞吞吐吐地说：“你疯了！既然你知道不是他，为什么这样胡说八道？”⑤可是父亲还是放不下心，他说：“克拉丽丝，你去看看吧！最好还是你去把事情弄个清楚，你亲眼去看看。

”⑥母亲站起来去找她两个女儿。

我也端详了一下那个人。

他又老又脏，满脸皱纹，眼光始终不离开他手里的活儿。

⑦母亲回来了。

我看出她在哆嗦。

她很快地说：“我想就是他。

去跟船长打听一下吧。

可要多加小心，别叫这个小子又回来吃咱们！”⑧父亲赶紧走去。

我这次可跟着他走了，心里异常紧张。

父亲客客气气地和船长搭上话，一面恭维，一面打听有关他职业上的事情，例如哲尔赛是否重要，有何出产，人口多少，风俗习惯怎样，土地性质怎样等等。

后来谈到我们搭乘的这只“特快号”，随即谈到全船的船员。

最后我父亲终于说：“您船上有一个卖牡蛎的，那个人倒很有趣。

您知道这个家伙的底细吗？”⑨船长本已不耐烦我父亲那番谈话，就冷冷地回答说：“他是个法国老流氓，去年我在美洲碰到他，就把他带回祖国。

据说他在哈佛尓还有亲属，不过他不愿回到他们身边，因为他欠了他们的钱。

他叫于勒……姓达尔芒司，——也不知还是达尔汪司，总之是跟这差不多的那么一个姓。

听说他在那边阔绰过一个时期，可是您看他今天已经落到什么田地！”⑩我父亲脸色早已煞白，两眼呆直，哑着嗓子说：“啊！啊！原来如此……如此……我早就看出来了！……谢谢您，船长。

精选：2012年北京高三一模汇总2012年北京高三一模各科考试汇总数学丰台区2012年高三一模数文西城区2012年高三一模数理丰台区2012年高三一模数理海淀区2012年高三一模数文石景山区2012年高三一模数文海淀区2012年高三一模数理石景山区2012年高三一模数理朝阳区2012年高三一模数文西城区2012年高三一模数文朝阳区2012年高三一模数理东城区2012年高三一模数文东城区2012年高三一模数理语文丰台区2012年高三一模语文西城区2012年高三一模语文石景山区2012年高三一模语文海淀区2012年高三一模语文朝阳区2012年高三一模语文东城区2012年高三一模语文英语丰台区2012年高三一模英语西城区2012年高三一模英语石景山区2012年高三一模英语海淀区2012年高三一模英语朝阳区2012年高三一模英语东城区2012年高三一模英语理综丰台区2012年高三一模理综海淀区2012年高三一模理综石景山区2012年高三一模理综东城区2012年高三一模理综朝阳区2012年高三一模理综西城区2012年高三一模理综文综朝阳区2012年高三一模文综西城区2012年高三一模文综石景山区2012年高三一模文综东城区2012年高三一模文综海淀区2012年高三一模文综丰台区2012文综一部分二部分免费试听课程人大附中同步课堂高中强化提高班高中竞赛高一课程特点：凝聚多位人大附中名师优秀教师心得，通过对大量极具代表性的重点、难点解题思路及过程的深入剖析，提高学员驾驭和应用所学知识的能力。

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在教学内容上紧扣竞赛大纲及命题变化趋势，通过讲解理论知识要点，使学员掌握与竞赛相关的基础和技能。

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书面表达试题分析与高分范文2012海淀一模情景作文假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华。

下面四幅图描述了上周五你参加的一次拓展训练活动。

请根据图片的先后顺序，用英语(论坛)为校刊写一篇短文。

词数不少于60。

参考词汇：Outward Bound 拓展训练转播到腾讯微博2012年海淀区一模考试情景作文试卷分析此次海淀一模情景作文依旧是沿袭2007年至2011年北京卷“四幅图情景作文”的出题方式，题目中规中矩，难度中等，有一定的区分度，考察课外活动的主题，学生比较容易下笔。

就内容层面，考生要结合要点和细节展开写作，如第一幅图的要点是到达基地，细节为乘坐校车、教师分组、周围环境衬托。

第二幅图的要点是我们跳断桥，细节是心理活动。

第三幅图的要点是翻越逃生墙，细节是大家努力。

最后一幅图的要点是合影留念，细节是我们的心情和收获。

就文章的组织结构来讲，考生要具有分段意识，可以每幅图一段，亦可安排为总分总的三段式，这样设计出来的文章要求字数在150左右。

开头结尾要有所包装和设计，句段之间有必要的衔接。

就语言形式方面，考生要注意语言的多样性，从词句两方面着手练习，掌握常见图画的写作方法，在平时的练习和今后的应试中进行运用。

高分范文Had it not been for the hard-won opportunity given by our mother school, we would not have participated in the outward bound. Last Friday, I, together with my classmates, headed for the Outward Bound Centre merrily by the school bus in that the charming view significantly feasted our eyes as well as the coming activity seemed exciting but challenging.Upon arrival, we were sorted into several groups under the guidance of our coach. The first impression of the meaningful day was the dangerous broken bridge. Owing to the fact that most of us were new to it, I was extremely frightened. The encouragement of the coach and our spirit of teamwork, however, helped me make it.The second impression of the unforgettable experience was climbing over the wall to “escape”. We spared no effort to make contributions to the program; as a consequence, all the participants succeeded in achieving the goal. Everything finished, we felt exhausted but delighted.Next came the most satisfying moment. A picture of all members was taken to memorize this extracurricular activity. Awards such as “Prize for teamwork” and “Prize for courage” were sent to those who stood out.Please allow me to express my sincere appreciation to this extracurricular activity, for not only did we win trust of others, but also build up courage as well as improve sense of cooperation.2012海淀一模开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。

北京市17区县2011～2012学年度初三第一学期期末语文试题议论文阅读汇编01东城区阅读《发问的精神》，完成第23—25题。

（共8分）发问的精神启凡①我们日常所见所闻所接触的事物里，有很多的道理。

大家因为时常见到听到接触到，都觉得那些事物平淡无奇，不足介意。

其实这是一种损失。

②事物里的道理，不比课本的文字，教师的讲解，看了听了就懂。

这种道理犹如封锁在密库石室里的珍奇,我们要用一把钥匙去开启。

③这把钥匙就是发问的精神。

④发问是思想的初步，研究的动机。

一切知识的获得，大都从发问而来；新发明、新创造也常常由发问开端。

能发问,勤发问的人，头脑自然会日益丰富,眼光自然会日益敏锐。

别人不肯动脑筋的地方，他偏会想出惊人的见解；别人以为平常的事物，他偏会看出不平常的道理。

这样的人，古今中外都有的是。

⑤苹果落地,是多么平常的事情，牛顿看见了，却要问出个所以然来，结果创立了“万有引力”说，支配了人类思想。

⑥壶水滚沸,谁不常常见到？只有瓦特把它当作问题研究，因而发明了蒸汽机，使人类至今蒙受其利。

⑦生、老、病、死，都是极普遍的人生现象，释迦牟尼偏偏要寻根究底，求个解答。

他因此抛弃尊位和家庭,独自去潜修静想，终于创立了佛教。

⑧我们中国的孔子，也是个好问的人。

他到太庙里去，看见每样事物都要问。

他知道老子熟悉典籍，就去向老子问礼。

他能够成为万世景仰的圣人，难道真是天生的？⑨够了，够了，不必多举了。

举出这几个人物，无非要证明发问精神的可贵。

我们虽然不一定人人能成为大科学家大思想家，但是我们不能不求知识，不能不明道理。

要求知识，明道理，处处都会碰到问题。

不能勤于发问,是多么可惜啊！⑩有人也许会说，知识和道理，可以从书上读到，老师也会给我们讲解，只要努力学习，牢牢记住就成了，何必多问？说这话，大概自以为是。

可是仔细想想，就会看出漏洞。

11第一，书本的记载，老师的讲解，大都是前人思想和研究的结果。

可是世界是天天在变动，在进步的。

变动和进步又不断地给我们带来许多新道理，新知识，新问题，往往不是前人留下的知识和道理所能包含的，有时甚至彼此冲突。

2012年北京市一模语文考试各城区说明文阅读版块试题及答案前言：北京一模考试已经结束。

因为作为高考风向标的海淀试卷大失水准、乏善可陈，致使我们的备考陷入无序和混乱状态。

因此，笔者将一模中各城区的试卷按照相应版块分类，以帮助各位教师及时调整策略，撷英纳萃、未雨绸缪。

说明文部分及答案1、海淀区四、本大题共2小题，共8分。

阅读下面文章，完成14—15题。

人与自然的交流是一个永恒的话题。

人从自然中索取物质，维持生命，同时又从它身上感悟美感，培养审美能力。

大自然靠什么给人以美感呢？它蕴含有许多美的要素，如：对称、和谐、奇巧、虚实、变化、新鲜等等。

这些要素我们在人类的精神产品中，如小说、戏剧、绘画、音乐中都可以找到，而在大自然中早就存在，并且更为丰富。

这些东西再简化一点就是三样：形状、颜色、声音。

形、色、声这三样基本东西经对称、和谐、奇巧等等的变化组合，就出现无穷无尽的美。

美的要素在自然中最多，远远多于人为的创造，所以艺术强调师法自然，国画大师刘海粟就曾十上黄山“搜尽奇峰打草稿”。

客观的景物和人怎样沟通、交流、融合而共同创造一件艺术品呢？是通过人与自然的交流，通过艺术家的观察，再创造。

刘勰说，“目既往还，心亦吐纳”，是通过眼睛观察，内心思考，经过一番酝酿吐纳之后才加工出来的。

这些要素作用于人，激活人的美感有三个步骤。

一是以美形引人，二是以美情感人，三是以美理服人，由形及情及理。

我们看到鲜艳的花朵，奇伟的山峰、行云流水，这些美好之物就会被吸引。

不论是人还是山水，只要美，人就喜欢。

有学者研究动物也有趋美厌丑的本能。

不过与动物不同，人能将这种美感上升到感情，并形成一种定式，于是相应于景色的明暗便有心情的好坏，物象之异可转化为精神之别。

小石潭的凄清，荷塘月色的宁静，范仲淹所谓物悲物喜。

这就是意境。

人们还只满足于自然中的形向主观的情的转化，又进而求理。

因为哲理本身的逻辑美，在自然中也能找到相似的形象。

它们灵犀一点可相通。

2012北京市语文中考各区一模试题汇编说明文阅读【房山】阅读下面文字，完成第18—19题。

（共8分）神奇的植物防护武器①在大自然中，病菌、昆虫和高等动物，无时无刻不在向植物发动“侵袭”，可是，为什么地球上的植物却仍然占据着大多数的地盘呢？原来，植物在长期的进化过程中，形成了种种保障物种延续的防御自卫甚至是还击能力，足以应付一切外来进攻。

②大家知道，气步甲虫注等一些昆虫具有使用“化学武器”自卫的本领。

有趣的是，很多植物也同样具有这种本领，它们利用自己本身分泌的毒素或者特殊的气味、滋味及刺激性物质来御敌。

有一种名叫毒芹的多年生草本植物，含有毒芹碱，动物吃了很快便会中毒死亡；马利筋和夹竹桃等植物含有强心苷，可使咬食它们的昆虫肌肉松弛而丧命；三叶草和一些金合欢等植物，能产生毒性很强的氰化物，使蚕食它们的昆虫中毒而死亡。

③植物针对外来攻击的自卫手段是形形色色的，它们能靠【甲】化学武器进行自卫，也能使用【乙】“物理武器”进行自卫，更有些植物是以自己特殊的生理机能来战胜外来侵袭的。

④有些植物依靠自身的棘、刺和毛芒等特殊装备来御敌，这些“物理武器”使动物和人不敢随意触动它们。

仙人掌、洋槐身上都长满了刺，板栗的刺长在种子外面的总苞上，动物都无法吃；豆科植物皂荚树的树干和枝条上长了许多大而分枝的枝刺，猴子不敢攀爬，连厚皮的大野兽也不敢去碰它；产于南非的锚草果实外观如铁锚状，硬刺四伸，而且刺上还有钩，那里最凶暴的狮子都避之唯恐不及，因为锚草果实一旦扎入狮子的口腔、鼻孔就无法除去，有的狮子甚至会由于不能进食而危及生命。

⑤有些植物既无毒素也不长刺、毛，他们会用什么办法进行防御呢？高大的树木，其果实、嫩枝、嫩叶等都悬挂在高空，让很多想啃食的动物可望而不可即；禾本科植物“一岁一枯荣”，它们虽然没有任何自卫的武器，可是依靠自己的快速生长能力和繁衍后代能力来保障自己在自然界里的一席之地。

注：昆虫，遇敌害是能从尾部喷射毒液自卫。

18.阅读文章的第③段，说出画线的【甲】【乙】两句话不能调换顺序的三个理由。