Different Hydrocarbon Accumulation Histories in the Kelasu-Yiqikelike Structural Belt of the Ku
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致密油储层岩石孔喉比与渗透率、孔隙度的关系李伟峰;刘云;于小龙;魏浩光【摘要】Pore-throat ratio is one of the most important microscopic physical properties of tight oil reservoir rocks and it has great effect on the remaining oil distribution and displacement pressure of reservoirs. After pore structure parameters of reservoir rocks were analyzed, such as pore-throat ratio, coordinate number, pore radius and throat radius, the theoretical relation between microscopic physi-cal properties and macroscopic physical properties (porosity and permeability) of tight oil reservoir rocks was established by using the composite capillary model. Then, constant-rate mercury injection experiment data of 44 suites of cores taken from Chang 6 oil formation in Banqiao area were used for fitting. It is indica ted that the porosity (φ) and permeability (k) of tight oil reservoir rocks are controlled by pore radius and throat radius, respectively. There is a good mathematical relationship between pore-throat ratio and φ0.5/k0.25. Oil dis-placement experiment was performed on two suites of cores whose permeabilities are close and porosities are more different. It is verified that the water displacing oil resistance in tight sandstones with higher φ0.5/k0.25 is higher.%孔喉比是致密油储层岩石最重要的微观物性之一,对储层的剩余油分布与驱替压力影响很大.利用复合毛细管模型,考虑储层岩石的孔喉比、配位数、孔隙半径和喉道半径等孔隙结构参数,建立了致密油储层岩石的微观物性与宏观物性孔隙度、渗透率之间的理论关系式.并用44组板桥地区长6油层组致密油储层岩心的恒速压汞实验数据进行拟合.结果表明:致密油储层岩石孔隙度φ 主要受孔隙半径影响,喉道半径控制岩石的渗透率k,孔喉比与φ0.5/k0.25间具有确定的函数关系.利用2组渗透率接近、孔隙度差异较大的岩心驱油实验,证实φ0.5/k0.25值大的致密砂岩,水驱油阻力大.【期刊名称】《石油钻采工艺》【年(卷),期】2017(039)002【总页数】5页(P125-129)【关键词】致密油;孔喉比;孔隙度;渗透率;驱油阻力;恒速压汞实验【作者】李伟峰;刘云;于小龙;魏浩光【作者单位】延长油田股份有限公司勘探开发研究中心;西北大学地质系;延长油田股份有限公司勘探开发研究中心;延长石油集团研究院钻采所;中国石化石油工程技术研究院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TE311致密储层岩石的储集空间主体为纳米级孔喉系统,具有小孔微喉或者细孔微喉的特征,孔喉比能达到几十甚至数百,贾敏效应严重[1-5]。
DOI:10.16660/ki.1674-098X.2104-5640-6334陆丰凹陷S洼资源潜力及勘探方向丁亮(中海石油(中国)有限公司 北京 100010)摘 要:陆丰S洼是陆丰凹陷西南部的一个潜在富生烃洼陷,但多年来油气钻探未能再获新的突破,有必要对洼陷勘探潜力再认识。
在烃源岩方面,综合利用区域地质背景、已钻井及地震等资料,通过洼陷构造演化及文昌组沉积相等研究,认为洼陷发育较大规模的文昌组半深湖-深湖亚相优质烃源岩,预测资源量超3亿方油当量,具备形成富生烃洼陷的基本条件。
在有利勘探方向方面,通过洼陷内部及周缘已钻井分析,明确“运移”和“断层封堵”是洼陷油气成藏的主控因素和关键问题,洼陷油气汇聚结果与主力烃源岩翘倾方向关系密切,分析显示与已获突破的A构造带具相似地质条件且对称分布的B构造带是有利勘探区带。
关键词:陆丰凹陷 烃源岩 资源潜力 成藏主控因素中图分类号:P618.13 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)05(a)-0036-04 Resource Potential and Favorable Exploration Direction of SDepression in Lufeng SagDING Liang(CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100010 China)Abstract: Lufeng S depression is a potential hydrocarbon-rich generation depression in the southwest of Lufeng sag, but no new breakthrough has been made in oil and gas drilling for many years, so it is necessary to recognize the exploration potential of the sag again. In terms of source rocks, comprehensive utilization of regional geological background, well-drilled and seismic data, through the study of structural evolution and sedimentation of Wenchang Formation, it is considered that the large-scale semi-deep to deep lake subfacies high-quality source rocks of Wenchang Formation are developed in the depression, and the predicted resources are more than 300 million cubic oil equivalent, which has the basic conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon rich depression. In terms of favorable exploration direction, through the analysis of drilled wells in and around the sag, it is clear that "migration" and "fault sealing"are the main controlling factors and key problems of hydrocarbon accumulation in the sag. The results of hydrocarbon accumulation in the sag are closely related to the warping direction of main source rocks. The analysis results show that structural belt B, which has similar geological conditions to structural belt A , is a favorable exploration area Belt.Key Words: Lufeng sag; Source rock; Resource potential; Main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation基金项目:国家科技重大专项项目(项目编号:2016ZX05024)。
目录总类。
41.油气地质勘探总论。
72. 含油气盆地构造学。
73. 含油气盆地沉积学。
114. 油气性质。
145. 油气成因。
156. 油气储集层。
217.油气运移。
228.油气聚集。
259.油气地质勘探。
2710.油气地球化学勘探。
2911.地震地层学。
2912.遥感地质。
3213.实验室分析。
3314.油气资源评价。
3415.地质年代。
16补充17岩性,岩石学总类油气地质勘探petroleum and gas geology and exploration石油地球物理petroleum geophysics地球物理测井geophysical well logging石油工程petroleum engineering钻井工程drilling engineering油气田开发与开采oil-gas field development and exploitation石油炼制petroleum processing石油化工petrochemical processing海洋石油技术offshore oil technique油气集输与储运工程oil and gas gathering-transportation and storageengineering石油钻采机械与设备petroleum drilling and production equipment油田化学oilfield chemistry油气藏hydrocarbon reservoir油藏oil reservoir气藏gas reservoir商业油气藏(又称工业油气藏)commercial hydrocarbon reservoir油气田oil-gas field油田oil field气田gas field大油气田large oil-gas field特大油气田(又称巨型油气田)giant oil-gas field岩石物性physical properties of rock岩石物理学petrophysics野外方法field method野外装备field equipment石油petroleum天然石油natural oil人造石油artificial oil原油crude oil原油性质oil property石蜡基原油paraffin-base crude [oil]环烷基原油(又称沥青基原油)naphthene- base crude [oil]中间基原油(又称混合基原油)intermediate- base crude [oil] 芳香基原油aromatic- base crude [oil]含硫原油sulfur-bearing crude,sour crude拔头原油topped crude重质原油heavy crude [oil]含蜡原油waxy crude [oil]合成原油synthetic crude凝析油condensate,condensed oil原油分析crude oil analysis,crude assay原油评价crude oil evaluation石油颜色oil colour石油密度oil densityAPI度API degree波美度Baumé degree沥青bitumen, asphalt沥青质asphaltene胶质gum熔点melting point倾点pour point凝点freezing point闪点flash point燃点fire point浊点cloud point液化天然气liquified natural gas,LNG天然气natural gas湿气wet gas干气dry gas酸气sour gas净气(又称甜气)sweet gas伴生气associated gas天然气绝对湿度absolute humidity of natural gas 天然气相对湿度relative humidity of natural gas天然气密度 natural gas density天然气溶解度natural gas solubility天然气发热量calorific capacity of natural gas 天然气(燃烧)热值heating value of natural gas 凝析气condensate gas烃hydrocarbon轻烃light hydrocarbon烷烃paraffin hydrocarbon, alkane烯烃olefin,alkene环烷烃naphthenic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic hydrocarbon,arene含氧化合物oxygen compound含氮化合物nitrogen compound含硫化合物sulfur compound天然气液natural gas liquid,NGL液化石油气liquified petroleum gas,LPG临界点critical point临界状态critical state临界体积critical volume临界温度critical temperature临界压力critical pressure临界凝析温度cri condentherm临界凝析压力cricondenbar露点dew point露点曲线dew point curve烃露点hydrocarbon dew point平衡露点equilibrium dew point泡点bubble point泡点曲线bubble point curve油气系统相图phase diagram of oil-gas system 逆蒸发retrograde evaporation反凝析retrograde condensation饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure湍流turbulent flow层流laminar flow牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid假塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid幂率流体power law fluid剪切率shear rate屈服值yield value动力粘度dynamic viscoisity绝对粘度absolute viscosity相对粘度relative viscosity视密度observent density双电层(又称偶电层)electrostatic double layer水合作用(又称水化作用)hydration生物降解(作用)biodegradation1.油气地质勘探总论石油天然气地质学geology of oil and gas石油地质学petroleum geology天然气地质学 geology of natural gas石油地球化学petroleum geochemistry储层地质学reservoir geology油气田地质学geology of oil and gas field油气田水文地质学hydrogeology of oil and gas field 应用地球物理学applied geophysics油气田勘探exploration of oil and gas地质勘探geological exploration地球物理勘探geophysical exploration地球化学勘探geochemical exploration海上油气勘探offshore petroleum exploration地热勘探geothermal exploration数学地质(学)mathematical geology遥感地质remote-sensing geology实验室分析laboratory analysis油气资源预测assessment of petroleum resources 2. 含油气盆地构造学构造地质学structural geology大地构造学geotectonics板块构造学plate tectonics地球动力学geodynamics地质力学geomechanics构造structure构造作用tectonism地壳运动crustal movement水平运动horizontal movement垂直运动vertical movemen造山运动orogeny造陆运动epeirogeny构造模式structural model构造样式(又称构造风格)structural style构造类型tectonic type构造格架tectonic framework应力型式stress pattern压(缩)应力compressive stress张应力tensile stress剪应力shear stress挤压作用compression拉张作用extension压扭作用(又称压剪)transpression张扭作用(又称张剪)transtension左旋sinistral rotation,left lateral 右旋dextral rotation,right lateral 地幔隆起mantal bulge地幔柱mantal plume结晶基地crytalline basement沉积盖层sedimentary cover构造旋回tectonic cycle构造单元tectonic unit地槽geosyncline地台(曾用名陆台)platform克拉通craton准地槽parageosyncline准地台paraplatform地盾shield地块massif地向斜geosyncline地背斜geoanticline台向斜platform syneclise台背斜platform anticlise隆起uplift坳陷(二级构造单元)depression凸起swell,convex凹陷(三级构造单元)sag,concave长垣placanticline褶皱fold斜坡slope阶地terrace构造鼻strctural nose背斜anticline向斜syncline穹窿dome滚动背斜rollover anticline牵引皱褶drag fold披覆褶皱(又称披盖褶皱)drape fold底辟构造(又称刺穿构造)diapiric structure 盐丘salt dome刺穿盐丘salt diapir盐构造作用halokinesis断层fault断层生长指数fault growth index同生断层contemporaneous fault,synsedimentary fault,growth fault 正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust上冲断层(逆掩断层)overthrust下冲断层underthrust上冲席overthrust sheet走滑断层strike-slip fault转换断层transform fault倾向滑动断层dip-slip fault地堑graben地垒horst半地堑(又称箕状凹陷)half-graben推覆体nappe整合conformity不整合unconformity假整合disconformity块断作用block faulting重力滑动作用gravitational sliding地裂运动taphrogeny板块运动plate movementA型俯冲A-subductionB型俯冲B-subduction俯冲subduction仰冲obduction板块边界plate boundary离散边界divergent boundary会聚边界convergent boundary转换边界trnsform boundary大陆边缘continental margin活动大陆边缘active continental margin 被动大陆边缘passive continental margin 大陆漂移continental drift板块碰撞plate collision大陆增生continental accretion岛弧island arc海沟trench沟弧盆系trench-arc-basin system弧前盆地fore-arc basin弧后盆地back-arc basin,retroarc basin 弧间盆地interarc basin边缘海盆地marginal sea basin坳拉槽盆地aulacogen斜坡盆地slope basin大陆边缘断陷盆地continent-marginal faulted basin 大陆边缘三角洲盆地continental-marginal delta basin 裂谷盆地rift basin内克拉通盆地intracratonic basin周缘前陆盆地peripheral foreland basin弧后前陆盆地retroarc foreland basin破裂前陆盆地broken foreland basin山前坳陷盆地piedmont depression basin复合型盆地composite basin山间盆地intermontaine basin残留大洋盆地remnant ocean basin原始大洋裂谷盆地protoceanic rift basin新生大洋盆地nascent ocean basin深海平原盆地dep-sea plain basin扭张盆地transtensional basin扭压盆地transpressional basin拉分盆地pull-apart basin洋壳型盆地ocean-crust type basin过渡壳型盆地transition-crust type basin陆壳型盆地continental-crust basin多旋回盆地polycyclic basin块断盆地block fault basin地堑盆地graben basin含油气大区petroliferous province含油气盆地petroliferous basin含油气区petroliferous region油气聚集带petroleum accumulation zone盆地分析basin analysis盆地数值模拟basin numerical simulation3. 含油气盆地沉积学沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis成岩阶段diagenetic stage后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system 沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies 海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base 风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base 过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin 4. 油气性质石油荧光性oil fluorescence石油旋光性oil rotary polarization石油灰分oilash钒-镍比vanadium to nickel ratio,V/Ni 游离气free gas溶解气dissolved gas沼气marsh gas泥火山气mud volcano gas惰性气inert gas固体沥青solid bitumen基尔沥青kir高氮沥青algarite地沥青maltha石沥青asphalt硬沥青gilsonite脆沥青grahamite焦性沥青impsonite次石墨graphitoid,schungite地沥青化作用asphaltization碳青质(又称卡宾)carbene高碳青质carboid总烃total hydrocarbon岩屑气cutting gas吸附烃adsorbed hydrocarbon溶解烃dissolved hydrocarbon游离沥青free bitumen束缚沥青fixed bitumen抽提沥青extractable bitumen氯仿沥青chloform bitumen酒精-苯沥青alcohol-benzene bitumen甲醇-丙酮-苯抽提物(简称MAB抽提物)methanol-acetone-benzene extract 分散沥青dispersed bitumen荧光沥青fluorescent bitumen5. 油气成因无机成因论inorganic origin theory碳化物论carbide theory宇宙论universal theory岩浆论magmatic theory(石油)高温成因论pyrogenetic theory蛇纹石化生油论serpontinization theory有机成因论organic origin theory动物论animal theory植物论plant theory动植物混合论animal-plant theory干酪根降解论kerogen degragation theory分散有机质dispersed organic matter前身物precursor腐泥质sapropelic substance腐泥化作用saprofication腐殖质humic substance腐殖酸humic acid腐殖化作用humification干酪根(曾用名油母质、油母)kerogen腐泥型干酪根(又称Ⅰ型干酪根)sapropel-type kerogen, Ⅰ-type kerogen 混合型干酪根(又称Ⅱ型干酪根)mixed-type kerogen, Ⅱ-type kerogen腐殖型干酪根(又称Ⅲ型干酪根)humic-type kerogen, Ⅲ-type kerogen显微组分(曾用名煤素质)maceral壳质组(又称稳定组)exinite,liptinite孢子体sporinite角质体cutinite藻类体alginite树脂体resinite镜质体vitrinite结构镜质体telinite无结构镜质体collinite惰质体inertinite微粒体micrinite菌类体sclerotinite丝质体fusinite半丝质体semifusinite无定形amorphous草质herbaceous木质woody煤质coaly还原环境reducing environment铁还原系数reduced coefficient oh ferrite还原硫reduced sulfur自生矿物authigenic mineral黄铁矿pyrite菱铁矿siderite赤铁矿hematite有机质演化organic matter evolution有机质成岩作用organic matter diagenesis有机质后生作用(曾用名有机质退化作用)organic matter catagenesis 有机质变生作用organic matter metagenesis有机质变质作用organic matter metamorphism生物化学降解作用biochemical degragation碳化作用carbonization生物化学生气阶段biochemical gas-genous stage热催化生油气阶段thermo-catalytic oil-gas-geneous stage热裂解生凝析气阶段thermo-cracking condensate-geneous stage深部高温生气阶段deep pyrometric gas-geneous stage未成熟期immature phase成熟期mature phase过熟期postmature phase生油门限threshold of oil generation液态窗(又称主要生油期)liquid window死亡线death line海相生油marine origin陆相生油nonmarine origin二次生油secondary generation of oil烃源岩(曾用名生油气岩)source bed油源岩(曾用名生油层)oil source bed气源层(曾用名生气层)gas source bed油源层系(曾用名生油层系)oil source bed 有效烃源层effective source bed潜在烃源层potential source bed油页岩oil shale生油指标source rock index有机质丰度organic matter abundance有机碳organic carbon耗氧量oxygen consumption成熟作用maturation有机质成熟度organic matter maturity有机变质程度level of organic metamorphism,LOM时间-温度指数time-temperature index,TTI镜质组反射率(符号Ro) vitrinite reflectance定碳比carbon ratio孢粉颜色指数sporopollen color index热变指数thermal alteration index,TAI牙形石色变指数conodont alteration index,CAI碳优势指数carbon preference index,CPI奇偶优势odd-even predominance,OEP正环烃成熟指数normal paraffin maturity index,NPMI环烷烃指数naphthene index,NI芳香烃结构分布指数aromatic structural index,ASI自由基浓度number of free radical电子自旋共振信号electron spin resonance signal,ESR signal 顺磁磁化率paramagnetic susceptibility自旋密度spin density转化率transformation ratio,hydrocarbon-generating ratio 沥青系数bitumen coefficient生油率oil-generating ratio生气率gas-generating ratio生油量oil-generating quantity生油潜量potential oil-generating quantity氢碳原子比hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio,H/C 氧碳原子比oxygen to carbon ratio,O/C源岩评价仪Rock-Eval氢指数hydrogen index,HI氧指数oxygen index,OI油源对比oil and resource rock correlation气源对比gas and resource rock correlation地球化学化石geochemical fossil指纹化合物fingerprint compound生物标志[化合]物biomarker,biological marker 生物构型biological configuration地质构型geological configuration立体异沟化stereoisomerism立体异构体stereoisomer,stereomer甾类steroid甾烷sterane降甾烷norsterane胆甾烷cholestane谷甾烷sitstane豆甾烷stigmastane粪甾烷coprostane麦角甾烷ergostane正常甾烷(规则甾烷)regular sterane 重排甾烷rearranged sterane孕甾烷pregnane萜类(又称萜族化合物)terpenoid萜烷terpane三环萜烷tricyclic terpane四环萜烷tetracyclic terpane五环三萜烷pentacyclic triterpane 藿烷hopane降藿烷norhopane羽扇烷lupane莫烷moretane降莫烷normoretaneλ蜡烷gammacerane奥利烷oleanane乌散烷ulsane松香烷abietane杜松烷cadinane雪松烷cedarane补身烷drimane海松烷pimarane罗汉松烷podocarpane角鲨烷squalane甾烷—藿烷比steraneto hopane ratio倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene多萜polyterpene胡萝卜烷carotane类胡萝卜素carotenoid类异戊二烯isoprenoid类异戊二烯烃isoprenoid hydrocarbon殖烷phytane姥鲛烷pristane姥值比pristane to phytane ratio,Pr/Ph降姥鲛烷norpristane法呢烷farnesane卟啉porphyrin天然气成因类型genetic types of natural gas无机成因气inorganic genetic gas, abiogenetic gas 火山气valcanic gas深源气deep source gas幔源气mantle source gas岩浆岩气magmatic rock gas变质岩气metamorphic rock gas宇宙气universal gas无机盐类分解气decomposition gas of inorganic salt 有机成因气organic genetic gas腐泥型天然气sapropel-type natural gas腐殖型天然气humic-type natural gas腐殖煤型天然气humolith-type natural gas生物气biogenic gas,bacterial gas油型气petroliferous gas煤型气coaliferous gas煤成气coal-genetic gas煤系气coal-measure gas煤层气coal seam gas腐泥型裂解气sapropel-type cracking gas腐殖型裂解气humic-type cracking gas非常规气unconventional gas地热气geothermal gas饱气带aeration zone异丁烷—正丁烷比isobutane to normal butane ratio 正庚烷normal heptane甲基环己烷methylcyclohexane二甲基环戊烷dimethyl cyclopentane庚烷值heptane value甲烷系数methane coefficient干燥系数drying coefficient碳同位素carbon isotope氢同位素hydrogen isotope氧同位素oxygen isotope氦同位素比率helium isotope ratio氩同位素比率argon isotope ratio6. 油气储集层储集岩reservoir rock储集层reservoir bed含油层oil-bearing horizon含油层系oil-bearing sequence碎屑岩类储集层clastic reservoir碳酸盐岩类储集层carbonate reservoir 结晶岩类储集层crystalline reservoir 泥质岩类储集层argillaceous reservoir 孔隙型储集层porous-type reservoir裂隙型储集层fractured reservoir储层连续性reservoir continuity储层非均质性reservoir heterogeneity 胶结作用cementation胶结类型cementation type基底胶结basal cement孔隙胶结porous cement接触胶结contact cement杂乱胶结chaotic cement溶解作用dissolution压溶作用pressolution交代作用replacement,metasomatism白云石化作用dolomitization去白云石化作用dedolomitization储集空间reservoir space原生孔隙primary pore次生孔隙secondary pore粒间孔隙inter granular pore粒内孔隙intragranular pore生物骨架孔隙bio skeleton pore生物钻孔孔隙bio boring pore鸟眼孔隙bird’s-eye pore晶间孔隙intercrystalline pore溶孔dissolved pore粒内溶孔intragranular dissolved pore 粒间溶孔intergranular dissolved pore 印模孔隙(曾用名溶模孔隙)moldic pore溶洞dissolved carvern溶缝dissolved fracture裂缝fracture,fissure构造裂缝structural fracture成岩裂缝diagenetic fracture压溶裂缝pressolutional fracture缝合线stylolite储层性质reservoir property超毛细管空隙super-capillary interstice 毛细管空隙capillary interstice微毛细管空隙micro-capillary interstice 孔隙度porosity总孔隙度(又称绝对孔隙度)total porosity有效孔隙度effective porosity裂缝密度 fracture density裂缝系数fracture coefficient裂缝强度指数fracture intensity index,FII 渗透率permeability达西定律Darcy law孔隙pore喉道throat盖层caprock夹层intercalated bed隔层barrier bed,impervious bed压汞资料 intrusive mercury data排替压力displacement pressure突破压力breakthrough pressure突破时间breakthrough time生储盖组合source-reservoir-caprock assemblage,SRCA旋回式生储盖组合cyclic SRCA侧变式生储盖组合lateral changed SRCA同生式生储盖组合(又称自生自储式生储盖组合)syngenetic SRCA 7.油气运移初始运移initial migration层内运移internal migration排驱作用expulsion初次运移primary migration二次运移secondary migration侧向运移lateral migration垂向运移vertical migration区域运移regional migration局部运移local migration同期运移synchronous migration后期运移postchronous migration运移方向migration direction运移通道migration pathway运移距离migration distance运移时期migration period输导层carrier bed水相water phase烃相hydrocarbon phase固相solid phase油珠oil droplet连续油相oil-continuous phase气泡gas bubble气相gas phase排烃临界值(又称油气临界释放因子)expulsion threshold value of hydrocarbon,critical release factor of oil and gas排烃效率expulsion efficient of hydrocarbon有效排烃厚度effective thickness of expulsion hydrocarbon压实[作用]compaction初期压实阶段initial compaction stage稳定压实阶段steady compaction stage突变压实阶段saltatory compaction stage紧密压实阶段close compaction stage欠压实页岩undercompaction shale水热增压作用aquathermal pressuring渗析作用(曾用名渗透作用)osmosis粘土脱水作用clay dehydration结晶水crystalline water层间水interlayer water吸附水adsorbed water结构水textural water甲烷增生作用methane accreting, methane generating 地层压力formation pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure岩石压力rock pressure孔隙流体压力(又称孔隙压力)pore fluid pressure地静压力geostatic pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure动水压力(又称水动力)hydrodynamic pressure折算压力reduced pressure总水头(又称水势)total head承压水头pressure head,confined head高程水头elevation head压力系数pressure coefficient供水区recharge area承压区confined area泄水区discharge area含水层aquifer不透水层aquifuge自流水artesian water承压水confined water土壤水soil water潜水phreatic water测压面piezometric surface测势面potentiometric surface静液面static liquid level动液面dynamic liquid level潜水面phreatic water table水力梯度hydraulic gradient势分析potential analysis气势分忻gas potential analysis油势分析oil potential analysis水势分析(又称总水斗分析)water potential analysis 等势面isopotential surface等压面iaopressure surface构造作用力tectonic force浮力buoyancy扩散diffusion异常高压(又称高压)abnormal pressure,overpressure异常低压subnormal pressure,subpressure地压geopressure地热geotherm,terrestrial heat地热田geothermal field, terrestrial heat field 岩石热导率thermal conductivity of rock大地热流值terrestrial heat flow value地热梯度(又称地温梯度)geothermal gradient地热增温级geothermal degree8.油气聚集圈闭trap有效圈闭effective trap隐蔽圈闭subtle trap成岩圈闭diagenetic trap水动力圈闭hydrodynamic trap压力封闭pressure seal重力分异gravitational differentiation差异聚集differential accumulation背斜理论anticline theory集油面积collecting area储油构造(又称含油构造)oil-bearing structure储气构造gas-bearing structure原生油气藏primary hydrocarbon reservoir次生油气藏secondary hydrocarbon reservoir构造油气藏structural hydrocarbon reservoir背斜油气藏anticlinal hydrocarbon reservoir挤压背斜油气藏squeezed anticline hydrocarbon reservoir长垣背斜油气藏placanticline anticline hydrocarbon reservoir底辟背斜油气藏diapir anticline hydrocarbon reservoir滚动背斜油气藏rollover anticline hydrocarbon reservoir披盖背斜油气藏drape anticline hydrocarbon reservoir向斜油气藏synclinal hydrocarbon reservoir断层遮挡油气藏fault-screened hydrocarbon reservoir断块油气藏fault block hydrocarbon reservoir裂缝油气藏 fractured hydrocarbon reservoir盐丘遮挡油气藏 salt diapir hydrocarbon reservoir泥火山遮挡油气藏mud volcano screened hydrocarbon reservoir岩浆柱遮挡油气藏magmatic plug hydrocarbon reservoir地层油气藏 stratigraphic hydrocarbon reservoir地层超覆油气藏 stratigraphic onlap hydrocarbon reservoir地层不整合油气藏stratigraphic unconformity hydrocarbon reservoir潜山油气藏buried hill hydrocarbon reservoir基岩油气藏 basement hydrocarbon reservoir生物礁块油气藏reef hydrocarbon reservoir,bioherm hydrocarbon reservoir 岩性油气藏lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir岩性尖灭油气藏 lithologic pinchout hydrocarbon reservoir岩性透镜体油气藏 lithologic lenticular hydrocarbon reservoir古河道油气藏palaeochannel hydrocarbon reservoir古海岸沙洲油气藏palaeooffshore bar hydrocarbon reservoir带状油气藏banded hydrocarbon reservoir层状油气藏stratified stratified hydrocarbon reservoir块状油气藏massive hydrocarbon reservoir不规则状油气藏irregular hydrocarbon reservoir喀斯持油气藏karst hydrocarbon reservoir沥青塞封闭油藏asphalt-sealed oil reservoir饱和油气藏saturated hydrocarbon reservoir凝析气藏condensate gas reservoir背料油气藏参数parameter of anticlinal reservoir圈闭容积trap volume闭合面积closure area闭合度closure溢山点spill point油气藏高度height of hydrocarbon pool, height of hydrocarbon reservoir 油柱高度oil column height气柱高度gas column height气顶gas cap边水edge water底水bottom water有效厚度net-pay thickness含油面积oil-bearing area含气面积gas-bearing area纯油带面积area of inner-boundary of oil zone油水过渡带面积area of transitional zone from oil to water含油边界oil boundary含气边界gas boundary含水边界water boundary油水界面water-oil boundary油气界面oil-gas boundary油藏描述reservoir description油藏评价reservoir evaluation,pool evaluation9.油气地质勘探区域勘探regional exploration工业勘探industrial exploration预探priliminary prospecting详探detailed prospecting地质测量geological survey构造地质测量structural geological survey地质剖面geological section构造剖面structural section区域综合大剖面regional comprehensive section,regional composite cross section 区域地层对比regional stratigraphic correlation岩性对比lithological correlation古生物对比palaeontological correlation沉积旋回对比sedimentary cycle correlation重砂矿物对比placer mineral correlation元素对比element correlation古地磁对比paleomagnetic correlation露头outcrop油气显示indication of oil and gas, oil and gas show 油气苗oil and gas seepage油苗oil seepage气苗gas seepage沥青苗asphalt seepage沥青湖pitch lake沥青丘pitch mound沥青脉bituminous vein沥青砂(曾用名重油砂、焦油砂)tar sand油砂oil sand泥火山mud volcano地质模型geological model地质模拟geological modelling地下地质subsurface geology取心井coring hole参数井(曾用名基准井)parameter well探井prospecting well,exploratory well预探井(曾用名野猫井)preliminary prospecting well,wildcat 发现井discovery well详探井detailed prospecting well探边井delineation well,extension well评价井assessment well,appraisal well,evaluation well开发井development well生产井producing well,producer注水井water injection well, injector注气井gas injection well布井系统well pattern单井设计well design井身结构casing programme固井cementing试井well testing试油testing for oil试采production testing标准层marker bed, key bed, datum bed目的层target stratum地质录井geological logging岩心灵并core logging岩屑录并cutting logging岩屑滞后时间lag time of cutting钻时录井drilling-time logging钻速录井drilling rate logging泥浆录井mud logging荧光录井fluorescent logging井斜平面图drill-hole inclination plan地层对比stratigraphic correlation含油级别oil-bearing grade完井方案completion programme圈闭发现率trap discovery ratio商业油气流commercial oil and gas flow油藏驱动机理(又称油层驱动机理)reservoir drive mechanism 单井产量well production rate年产量annual output, annual yield圈闭勘探成功率trap exploration success ratio储量增长率reserves increase ratio勘探效率exploration efficiency勘探成本exploration cost探井成本cost of prospecting well10.油气地球化学勘探△碳法delta-carbon methodK—V指纹法K-V fingerprint technique吸附烃法absorbed hydrocarbon method气体测量gas survey沥青测量bitumen survey水化学测量hydrochemical survey水文地球化学测量hydrogeochemical survey细菌勘探bacteria prospecting土壤盐测量soil salt suevey地殖物法geobotanical method放射性测量radioactive survey氧化还原电位法oxidation-reduction potential method 11.地震地层学区域地震地层学regional seismic stratigraphy储层地震地层学reservoir seismic stratigraphy层序地层学sequence stratigraphy成因层序地层学genetic sequence stratigraphy年代地层学chronostratigraphy生物地层学biostratigraphy磁性地层学magnetostratigraphy地震岩性学seismic lithology横向预测lateral prediction确定性储层模拟deterministic reservoir modeling随机性储层模拟stochastic reservoir modeling地质统计储层模拟geostatiscal reservoir modeling人机[交互]联作解释interactive interpretation 反射终端(又称反射终止)reflection termination 整一concordance不整一uncorncordance上超onlap退覆offlap顶超toplap浅水顶超shallow-water toplap深水顶超deep-water toplap湖岸上超coastal onlap深水上超deep-water onlap下超downlap底超baselap削截(曾用名削蚀)truncation视削截(曾用名视削蚀)apparent truncation沉积间断hiatus超层序supersequence层序sequence亚层序subsequence最大洪水界面maximum flooding surface缓慢沉积剖面(又称饥饿剖面)condensed section 高水位期highstand period低水伦期lowstand period体系域system tract低水位体系域low system tract,LST海进体系域transgressive system tract,TST高水位体系城high system tract,HST陆架边缘体系域shelf margin system tract,SMST盆底扇basin floor fan斜坡扇slope fan滑塌块体slump block滑塌扇slump fan楔状前积体wedge-prograding complex地震层序seismic sequence地震相seismic facies反射结构reflection configuration前积反射结构progradational reflection configurations形前积结构sigmoid progradation configuration斜交前积结构oblique progradation configuration叠瓦状前积结构shingled progradation configuration帚状前积结构brush progradation configuration杂乱前积结构chaotic progradation configuration前积—退积结构progradation-retrogradation configuration 非前积反射结构nonprogradational reflection configuration平行结构parallel configuration亚平行结构subparrallel configuration乱岗状结构hummocky configuration波状结构wave configuration扭曲形结构contorted configuration断开结构disrupted configuration发散结构divergent configuration杂乱结构chaotic configuration无反射结构reflection-free configuration 反射外形reflection external form席状相sheet facies席状披盖相sheet drape facies楔状相wedged facies丘状相mounded facies滩状相bank facies透镜状相lens facies滑塌相slump facies火山丘相valcanic mound facies充填相filled facies反射连续性reflection continuity振幅amplitude频率frequence极性polarity岩性指数lithologic index砂岩百分含量sandstone percent content偏砂相sand-prone facies偏泥相shale-prone facies地震相单元seismic facies unit地震相分析seismic facies analysis地震相图seismic facies map测井相log facies岩心相core facies钻井—地震相剖面图drill-seismicfacies section 沉积环境图depositional environment map成因地层单位genetic stratigraphic unit年代地层单位chrono stratigraphic unit岩电地层单位litho-electric stratigraphic unit 等时性isochronism穿时性diachronism远景地区prospect分辨率resolution保持振幅处理preserved amplitude processing地震模型seismic model反演模拟inverse modeling。
天 然 气 工 业Natural Gas Industry 第41卷第3期2021年 3月· 10 ·走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩储层和油气藏的控制作用——以塔里木盆地北部坳陷为例汪如军 王轩 邓兴梁 张银涛 袁敬一 谢舟 李婷 罗枭 马小平中国石油塔里木油田公司摘要:塔里木盆地奥陶系油气勘探前期以塔北隆起、塔中凸起、塔中凸起斜坡区碳酸盐岩岩溶储层类型为主,并且发现了多个碳酸盐岩油气藏。
但是塔北隆起与塔中凸起之间的北部坳陷却未获得油气发现,对储层发育机制及油气成藏模式认识不足制约了其油气勘探进程。
为此,通过对该盆地北部坳陷走滑断裂的解释攻关,在识别走滑断裂的基础上,开展了断裂分层、分段研究,明确了走滑断裂对储层和油气藏形成的控制作用。
研究结果表明:①北部坳陷走滑断裂活动较弱,双重滤波基础上提取振幅变化率属性,可以大幅度提高走滑断裂识别精度,并在北部坳陷识别出走滑断裂34条;②走滑断裂具有纵向分层的特征,形成寒武纪—奥陶纪以高角度线性走滑为主、志留纪—二叠纪以线性构造半花状构造为主、三叠纪—古近纪以雁列构造为主的3套断裂组合;③走滑断裂在平面上具有3分段特征,即形成于构造高点呈正花状的压扭段、明显地堑特征呈负花状的张扭段和断裂活动强度最弱的平移段;④走滑断裂控储控藏特征明显,平面上油气藏主要沿断裂带呈条带状分布,纵向上油气沿断裂带呈多层段分布,形成了9种油气藏模式。
结论认为,基于叠后地震资料解释性处理的走滑断裂综合刻画技术实现了对弱走滑断裂的精细解释;上述9种油气藏模式有效地指导了该盆地北部坳陷的油气勘探部署,实现了该区油气的高效开发。
关键词:塔里木盆地北部坳陷;奥陶系;碳酸盐岩;走滑断裂;储集层;油气藏形成;控制作用DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2021.03.002Control effect of strike-slip faults on carbonate reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation:A case study of the northern depression in the Tarim BasinWANG Rujun, WANG Xuan, DENG Xingliang, ZHANG Yintao, YUAN Jingyi,XIE Zhou, LI Ting, LUO Xiao, MA Xiaoping(PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China)Natural Gas Industry, Vol.41, No.3, p.10-20, 3/25/2021. (ISSN 1000-0976; In Chinese)Abstract:In the early exploration stage of Ordovician oil and gas in the Tarim Basin, carbonate karst reservoirs in Tabei uplift, Tazhong uplift and the slope of Tazhong uplift are dominant and a great number of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs are discovered. In the northern depression between the Tabei uplift and the Tazhong uplift, however, no oil and gas has been discovered and oil and gas exploration prog-ress is restricted because its reservoir development mechanisms and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns are not understood sufficiently. After identifying the strike-slip faults by researching the interpretation on the strike-slip faults in the northern depression of the Tarim Basin, this paper studies the faults by layers and segments and then clarifies the control effect of strike-slip faults on reservoirs and hy-drocarbon accumulation. And the following research results were obtained. First, the strike-slip fault activity in the northern depression is weaker. The accuracy of strike-slip fault identification can be greatly improved by extracting the attribute of amplitude change rate based on double filtering, and 34 strike-slip faults are identified in the northern depression. Second, strike-slip faults have the characteristics of vertical stratification, and there are three sets of fault combinations that are dominated by high-angle linear strike-slip in Cambrian to Ordovician, linear semi-flower-like structure in Silurian to Permian, and en-echelon structure in Triassic to Paleogene. Third, strike-slip faults present the characteristics of three segments on plane, i.e., the compression and torsion segment of positive flower shape at the structural high, the tension and torsion segment of negative flower shape with obvious graben characteristics, and the translation segment with the weakest fault activity intensity. Fourth, the reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation are controlled by strike-slip faults obvious-ly. The oil and gas reservoirs are mainly distributed along the fault belt on plane and oil and gas are distributed in multiple sections along faults in the vertical direction. Thus, there are 9 hydrocarbon accumulation patterns. In conclusion, the fine interpretation of weak strike-slip faults can be realized by virtue of the comprehensive description technology of strike-slip faults based on the interpretive processing of post-stack seismic data. What’s more, these 9 reservoir accumulation patterns effectively guide the exploration deployment in the northern depression of the Tarim Basin and realize the efficient oil and gas development in this area.Keywords: Northern depression of the Tarim Basin, Ordovician; Carbonate rock; Strike-slip fault, Reservoir; Hydrocarbon accumulation; Control effect基金项目:中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏效益开发关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2018E-1806)。
滨里海盆地S区块盐间地层构造演化及其对油气成藏的意义王晓伏;宋大玮【摘要】分析盐构造活动的演化过程对于了解含盐盆地的油气成藏有着重要的意义,是当前国际构造研究和油气勘探的热点问题之一。
本文旨在通过对滨里海盆地S区块内盐间地层中的构造行迹进行分析来了解S区块盐构造演化过程及其对油气成藏的影响。
在滨里海盆地S区块二维地震测线构造分析的基础上,可以将盐间地层划分为与盐丘呈整合接触的扇形生长地层和不整合接触的水平刺穿地层。
分析结果表明水平刺穿地层形成于早期刺穿的盐丘附近,时代为晚二叠-早三叠;扇形生长地层形成于后期非刺穿的盐丘附近,时代为早三叠-晚三叠。
整合接触型盐丘和不整合接触型盐丘在古构造高度上存在着差异导致了它们在油气成藏能力上的差别。
%Research on salt structures has important meaning to the exploration of oil and gas in the salt-bearing basin ,it becomes one of the hottest topics of tectonic research and exploration for oil and gas . The major idea of this article is to discuss the evolution of salt structures and their control on oil and gas reservoirs in S block of Pre-Caspian basin ,by way of analyzing the structural features in inter-salt strata . Based on the investigation of 2-D seismic profile of S block ,the inter-salt strata can be divided into 2 types :limb rotation growth strata and lateral pierced strata .The lateral pieced strata were formed around pierced salt dome during the P2-T1 period;the limb rotation grow th strata were formed around unpierced salt dome during the T1-T3 period .Differences between these two types of inter-salt strata indicate their different paleostructural altitude , therefore the strata around the unpierced salt dome have morehydrocarbon accumulation potential than those around the pierced salt dome .【期刊名称】《中国矿业》【年(卷),期】2014(000)007【总页数】5页(P74-78)【关键词】滨里海盆地;盐构造演化;盐间地层;油气成藏【作者】王晓伏;宋大玮【作者单位】中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司哈萨克斯坦FIOC勘探部,北京100029; 中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司勘探部,北京100029;中国石化集团国际石油勘探开发有限公司勘探部,北京100029【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TEl22.3盐构造研究是当今油气盆地构造研究中的热点问题之一[1],有关盐体变形对沉积相带、沙体分布、以及油气汇聚等方面的控制作用,在国内外都已取得许多新的认识[2-3]。
Aabbreviate v. 缩写,简写abnormally ad. 异常地abrupt v. 突然的absolute porosity 绝对孔隙度access n. 接近,进入accumulate v. 聚集accumulation n. 聚集acquisition n. 获取,采集acromagnetic a. 航空磁测的acyclic a. 无环的admixture n. 混合,混合物aeolian a. 风成的,风积的aerobic a. 喜氧的affinity n. 亲合力,亲合性aformentioned a. 上述的,上面提到的agency n. 因素,营力,作用agglomeration n. 结块,凝聚aggregated gas 聚集型气agitated a. 搅动过,摇过的agitation n. 搅拌,搅动aircraft n. 飞机,航空器algae 藻类aliphatic a. 脂肪类的alkane 链烷alkane n. 烷烃,链烷alkene n. 烯烃alkylaromatic a. 烷基芳烃的alkylate v. 烷基化allochthonous a. 外来的,异地的alluvial fan 冲积扇alteration n. 蚀变作用ambient a. 周围的ambiguity n. 含糊,模棱两可ambiguous a. 意思含糊的,模棱两可的amino acids 氨基酸ammonite n. 菊石amorphous a. 非晶质的,无一定方向的amphibolite n. 角闪石amplitude n. 幅度,振幅analogous a. 类似的,模拟的angular a. 棱角状的,带角的anhydrite n. 硬石膏anomoly n. 异常,变异anoxic a. 缺氧的anteisoalkane n. 反异构烷烃anthracite n. 无烟煤anticline n. 背斜antiform n. 背斜构造aperture n.孔,孔眼apparent molecular weight 表观分子量aquatic a. 水的,水生的aragonite n.霰石area of trap 圈闭面积arene n. 芳香烃argon n. 氩arid a. 干旱的aromatic asphaltic oils 芳香沥青型原油aromatic hydrocarbon芳香烃aromatic intermediate oils 芳香中间型原油aromatic naphthenic oils 芳香环烷型原油aromatics n. 芳香烃arsenic 砷, 砒霜asphalt n. 沥青,地沥青asphaltene n. 沥青质,沥青烯asphaltenes 沥青质asphaltic a. 沥青的asphaltoid a. 沥青类的assess v. 估价,评估associated gas 伴生气association n. 联合,组合asthenosphere n. 软流圈(层)asymmetry n. 不对称at the expense of 以…为代价atectonic a. 非构造的attenuation n. 变细(薄)attribute (to) v. 把…归因于aulacogn n. 拗拉槽(谷),断陷槽autochthonous a. 原地的axiomatic a. 自明的Bbacteria (pl.) n. 细菌bacterium (sing.) n. 细菌bafflestone n. 生物堆置灰岩,障积岩baling n. 打包,填料barrier n. 堡坝,海岸沙坝,障壁base n. 基础,…基be referred to as 被称为behaviour n. 习性,动态benthic a. 海底的,水底的bentonite n. 膨润土,斑脱岩benzene n. 苯benzothiophene n. 苯硫茂benzphenanthrene n. 苯并菲benzpyrene n. 苯并芘bicarbonates 重碳酸盐(HCO3 —)bidirectional a. 双向(作用)的bifurcation n. 分叉,支流bimodality n. 双峰,双向bindstone n. 粘结灰岩,生物包粘灰岩biochemical degradation 生物化学降解biochemical rock 生物化学岩biodegradation n. 生物降解(作用) biofacies n. 生物相biogenic a. 生物成因的biological markers 生物标志物biomarker n. 生物标志化合物biomass n. 生物体,生物量biomodic a. 生物模的biopolymer n. 生物聚合物biosphere n. 生物圈biostrome n. 生物层bioturbation n. 生物扰动作用bitumen n. 沥青bituminous a. 沥青的blend v. 调合,合成bluntly ad. 直截了当地,坦率地boghead n. 藻煤bond n. 结合,化学键borehole n. 钻孔bottom water 底水bottomset n. 底积层bounce v. 弹回,反跳breccia n. 角砾岩brine n. 卤水,盐水bryozoa n. 苔藓动物门bubble point curve泡点线bubble-point 泡点buckle v. 弯折,挠曲buoyancy n. 浮力buoyant force 浮力burrow n. 洞,窟,潜穴butane 丁烷C4H10Ccalcarenite n. 钙屑灰岩,灰屑岩calcilutite n. 泥屑灰岩,钙质泥岩calcite n. 方解石calcium n. 钙(Ca)Caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动calorific value 热值cancellation n. 消除,抹去cannel n. 烛煤cap rock/roof rock 盖层capillary n. & a. 毛细作用的capillary pressure毛细管力carbazole n. 氮芴,咔唑carbohydrates 碳水化合物carbonates n. 碳酸盐(类)Carboniferous n. & a. 石炭纪(的),石炭系(的)carboxylic a. 羧基的carcinogen n. 致癌物,诱癌剂catagenesis n. 深成作用阶段catagenesis 深成作用catalyst n. 催化剂cavity n. 洞穴cell n. 水室,池,细胞cement v. & n. 胶结(物)cementation n. 胶结作用charcoal-broiled 木炭烧烤过的chert n. 燧石,角岩chlorides 氯化物chlorophyll n. 叶绿素chromium铬chronostratigraphy n. 年代地层学clastic rock碎屑岩clayey a. 粘土质的cleavage n. 解理,裂开clogging n. & a. 堵塞(的),阻碍(的)coagulation n. 凝结(聚)作用coal bed gas 煤层气cobalt 钴cohesion n. 凝聚力,粘性cohesive a. 粘合的coincide (with) v. 与…符合,与…一致collar n. 围环colloidal a. 胶体的combination traps 复合圈闭come into being 形成,产生compaction n. 致密,压实compaction压实compatible a. 共存的,一致的competence n. 起动能力compile v. 编辑,汇编complexity n. 复杂性,组成compressibility n. 可压缩性,压缩性compressibility factor 压缩因子concave a. 凹的,凹面的concentration浓度concordant a. 与…一致的,整合的concurrently ad. 同时condensate oil n. 凝析油condensed gas 凝析气configuration n. 构型,轮廓conflict n. 冲突,抵触conglomerate n. 砾岩connected pores 连通孔隙consolidated固结conspicuous a. 明显的constriction n. 压缩,收缩constructional a. 堆积的,建设的contact n. 接触(带)contaminant 杂质contorted a. 扭曲的,弯曲的contour n. 等值(高)线contraction n. 收缩contrary to 与…相反contributor n. 捐助者,贡献者convergence n. 会聚,收敛,(地层)交汇converging a. 会聚的,聚敛的copper 铜coral n. 珊瑚cores 岩芯correlate v. 相互关联,对比correlation n. (油源)对比,相互(关系)counteract v. 抵消,阻碍counterpart n. 对应物covalent a. 共价的crack n. 裂隙,裂解craton n. 克拉通,稳定地块crescentic a. 新月形的crest n. 顶部,山脊Cretaceous n. & a. 白垩纪(的),白垩系(的)crevasse n. 裂隙,冰隙criteria (pl.) n. 标准criterion (sing.) n.标准critical a. 临界的,关键的critical point 临界点critical pressure临界压力critical temperature临界温度crude oil 原油crystalline compounds 晶体化合物cucumber n. 黄瓜culmination n. 顶点,褶皱区curvature n. 曲率,曲度customary a. 通常的,习惯的cuttings 岩屑cycloalkane n. 环烷烃cycloalkanes 环烷cycloalkylaromatic a. 环烷基芳烃的cycloheptane n. 环庚烷cyclohexane n. 环己烷cycloparaffin n. 环烷烃cyclopentane n. 环戊烷cyclopentane环戊烷cylinder n. 圆柱体cymene n. 异丙基苯Ddeasphalting脱沥青作用debouch n. 河口,流出debris n. 碎屑,岩屑deceleration n. 减速度decentralized gas 分散型气deep troughs 深海槽defy v. 不让,使不能degradation n. 降解,退化degree of mineralization矿化度dehydration n. 脱水,失水delincation n. 定界,划界delta-front 三角洲前缘demarcation n. 划界,定界dense oil 稠油density n. 密度deplete v. 耗尽,亏损,枯竭depocenter n. 沉积中心derivation n. 起源despositional a. 沉积的destructional a. 侵蚀的,破坏性的deterioration n. 退化,变质,恶化detrital a. 碎屑的deviatoric a. 偏差的Devonian n. & a. 泥盆纪(的),泥盆系(的)dew point curve露点线diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic a. 成岩(作用)的diagnostic a. 特征的,有鉴定意义的diapiric a. 底辟的diaprism n. 底辟作用diaproportionation n. 不均,歧化作用diastrophic a. 地壳运动的diastrophism n. 地壳作用differential entrapment 差异聚集diffuse v. 扩散,漫射Dijon 第戌(法国城市)dilute v. 稀释,冲淡dip n. 倾斜,倾向,倾角discernible a. 可辨别的,看得清的discharge n. 流量,排泄,释放discrepancy n. 差异,偏差discrete a. 不连续的,离散的,个别的disintegration n. 衰变,蜕变,崩解dislocation n. 错位,位移,断错disperse v. 散布,分布disposal n. 处理,配置disseminate v. 散布,侵染dissipation n. 损耗,散逸distal a. 远端的,末端的distillate n. 馏分,馏分物distillation蒸馏作用distributary n. 分流,支流divergence n. 离散,发散diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的dolomite n. 白云岩,白云石dolomitisation n. 白云岩化downflex v. 向下弯曲,向下挠曲downthrow n. & v. 下降盘,下降断层;下落downwarp n. 下拗,拗陷drape n. 披盖,盖层drill cuttings 岩屑drilling mud钻井泥浆drive v. & n. 驱动,开动,推进ductile a. 延性的,塑性的Eechinoderm n. 棘皮类动物,棘皮动物echinoid a. 海胆形的,海胆属的echo sounder 回声探测仪edge water 边水effective permeability有效渗透率effective porosity有效孔隙度effluent n. 侧流elegant a. 优雅的,精致的elevated a. 上升的eliminate v. 消除,消去,排除elimination n. 消除,消去elliptical a. 椭圆的elongate a. 延伸的,细长的elucidation n. 阐明,解释embed v. 埋入,夹在层间,嵌入embryo n. & a. 胚胎,胚胎的,雏形的enclosure n. 包裹体,包体encompassing a. 包罗万象的encounter v. 遇到encrusting a. 结壳的,包壳的engulf v. 吞没,湮没entrap v. 俘获,捕集enzyme n. 酶Eocene n. & a. 始新世(的),始新统(的)episode n. 幕,期equatorial a. 赤道的equilibrium n. 平衡,均衡erosion v. 侵蚀erratic a. 不规则的ester n. 脂estuary n. 河口,江湾,三角港,潮区ethane n. 乙烷eustatic a. 海面升降(变化)的,全球性的evaluate v. 估计,评价,测定evaluation n. 估计,评价,测定evaporate n. 蒸发盐(岩)类evaporate rock蒸发岩exosolution n. 析出,逸出expansibility n. 膨胀性,延伸性exponential a. 指数的expulsion n. 排出,驱动extrapolate v. 推断,外推Exxon 埃克森(石油公司)Ffabric n. 组构facet n. 刻面,磨蚀面facies n. 相,岩相,期fatty acids 脂肪酸fauna (sing.) n. 动物群faunae (pl.) n. 动物群fecal a. 粪便的fenestra (sing.) n. 窗孔,膜孔fenestral a. 窗格状的,小孔的filtrate n. 渗流,滤液finite a. 有限的flank n. 翼,侧flexural a. 弯曲的flora (sing.) n. 植物群florae (pl.) n. 植物群fluid traps 流体圈闭fluorescence荧光性fluvial a. 河流的foraminifera n. 有孔虫目foredeep n. 前渊,外地槽foreland n. 前陆,山前地带foreset n. 前积层formulate v. 把…化为公式fracture裂缝fragile a. 易碎的,碎的fragmental reservoir rocks 碎屑岩储集岩fragmental rock碎屑岩fragrant a. 芬芳的,香的framestone n. 骨架岩framework n. 结构,格架,骨架friable a. 易碎的,脆性的friction n. 摩擦function groups 官能团fungi (pl.) n. 真菌fungi 菌类fungus (sing.) n. 真菌futile a. 无用的,无效的Ggas chromatography (Ge) 气相色谱法gas hydrates 气水合物gaseous a. 气体的gastropod n. 腹足纲软体动物generation生成geopolymer n. 地质(有机)聚合物geosynclinal zones 地槽带globule n. 小球,球粒gouge n. 断层泥graben n. 地堑gradational a. 渐变的,逐渐过渡的grapestone n. 葡萄石graphite n. 石墨greenschist n. 绿片岩greywacke n. 杂砂岩,硬砂岩,灰瓦克groove n. 沟,槽沟guarantee n. & v. 保证guesswork n. 推测gypsum n. 石膏HHalimeda n. 仙掌藻属halite n. 石盐halite/rock salt 岩盐heave n. 平错height of gas column 气柱高度height of oil column 油柱高度height of traps/closure闭合高度helium n. 氦(He)hemin血红素heteroatomic a. 杂原子的heteroatoms NSO 杂原子heterochronous a. 异时的heterogeneous a. 异质的,非均质的high sulfur crude oil 高硫原油hinge belt 枢纽带,捩转带hinterland n. 后陆,腹地homogenize v. 使…均匀homologous a. 同源的,同系(物)的homologous 同系物homopycnal a. 等密度的horst n. 地垒humic a. 腐植的hummocky a. 丘状起伏的humus n. 腐植质hydraulic a. 水力的,液压的hydrocarbon n. 烃,碳氢化合物hydrostatic a. 静水压力的hypogene a. 深成的,上升的hypopycnal a. 低密度的Ii-alkanes 异构链烷igneous rock火成岩imbrication n. 叠瓦构造impair v. 削弱,减少impart v. 给予,传递impedance n. 阻抗impervious a. 不透水的,不渗透的impervious rock非渗透性岩石impinge (on) v. 冲击,碰撞in bulk 大量in conjunction with 和…一起,连同…一起in response to 响应,随…而,根据in situ 原地,原点,原生incidence n. 发生,入射,倾角incite v. 刺激,鼓励incorporate v. 合并,混合incremental a. 渐进的,递增的index (sing.) n. 指数,索引indices (pl.) n. 指数,索引indole n. 氮茚,吲哚induce v. 导致,引起induration n. 固结,硬化inert a.惰性的,不活泼的inertia n. 惰性,惯性infancy n. 幼年期infauna n. 海底动物infiltration water 渗入水inflection n. 弯曲,曲折influx n. 流入量ingest v. 摄取,吸收inherit v. 继承,遗传initiate v. 开始,发动inorganic origin无机成因intact a. 完整的,未受损的intercrystalline a. 晶间的interdeep n. 山间拗陷interfacial a. 界面的,面间的intergranular a. 粒间的intermediary waters 夹层水intermittent a. 间歇的,间断的intermontane a. 山间的interregional a. 区际的,跨区域的intersect v. 横切,交叉intersection n. 横切,交叉interstice n. 空隙,间隙interstitial a. 空隙的,间隙的,填隙的intimately ad. 密切地,直接地intraparticle a. 粒内的intrusion n. 侵入,侵入体invalidate v. 使无效,使作废inversion n. 倒转,转换invoke v. 援引,引用inwards ad. 向内,向里irreversible a. 单向的,不可逆的isomer n. (同分)异构体isomeric alkanes 异构链烷isopach n. 等厚线isoparaffin n. 异构烷烃isoprenoid n. 异戊间二烯化合物isostatically ad. 均衡地,等压地Jjerk v. & n. 猛拉,冲击jet v. & n. 喷射,急流Jurassic n. & a. 侏罗纪(的),侏罗系(的)juxtapose v. 使…并置juxtaposition n. 并置,毗连Kkerogen n. 干酪根,油母岩kinetics n. 动力学Llacustrine a. 湖泊的,湖成的laden a. 充满了的lagoon n. 泻湖lamina (sing.) n. 薄片,薄层lamination n. 薄层,纹理lath n. 条板layer-cake 连续地层柱lead铅lenses 透镜体levee n. 天然堤lignite n. 褐煤lime n. 石灰,氧化钙lime-secreting 分泌钙质的,钙质充填的limestone灰岩linearly线性体lipid n. 脂类liquefy液化literfingering n. 指状穿插,楔形夹层lithification n. 石化作用lithify v. 石化lithofacies n. 岩相lithologic a. 岩性的lithology n. 岩性lithosphere岩石圈lithostratigraphic a. 岩性地层的lobe n. 舌,瓣logarithmically对数地longitudinal a. 经度的,纵向的low sulfur crude oil 低硫原油lump v. 集中,使…归并lunate a. 新月形的Mmagmatism岩浆作用magnesium n. 镁(Mg)magnesium镁maintenance n. 维持,保养manganese锰marine petroleum海相石油marl n. 泥灰岩mass spectrography (MS) 质谱法maturation n. 成熟作用meandering n. 曲流,弯曲mechanics n. 力学,机制,机理megaripple n. 巨波纹Mesozoic n. & a. 中生代(的),中生界(的)metagenesis 深成作用metagenetic a. 准变质作用的metamorphic rock变质岩metamorphism变质作用metastable a. 亚稳的metaxylene n. 间二甲苯meteoric a. 大气的,气象的methane n. 甲烷,沼气methane hydrate甲烷水合物methane甲烷methylisomer n. 甲基同分异构体microbial a. 微生物的microbial activity微生物活动microorganisms 显微有机质migrate v. 运移migration n. 运移migration运移millidarcy n. 毫达西,千分达西minimal a. 最小的,最低的miogeosyncline n. 冒地槽,冒地向斜Mio-Pliocene 中—上新世(统)miscellaneous 混杂misstate v. 谎报,伪称mobility n. 活动性,迁移率modeling n. 模拟,模式化moderate a. 中等的,适度的modification n. 改进,修正Moho n. 莫霍面molasses n. 磨拉石moldic a. 印模的,铸模的mollusk n. 软体动物molybdenum钼monocline n. 单斜morphology n. 结构,形态(学)mucus n. 粘液mudstone泥岩multichannel a. 多道的,多路的multitude n. 大量,众多mutually ad. 相互地Nn-alkanes 正构烷烃naphthalene萘naphthene n. 环烷烃naphthene环烷naphthenic oils 环烷型原油naphthenoaromatic nuclei 环烷芳香核natural gas 天然气negate v. 使…无效,取消negative ion负离子neglect v. 忽略,遗漏negligible a. 可忽略的,很小的next to 仅次于niche n. 小生境nickel porghyrin镍卟啉nickel 镍Nitrogen n. 氮(N)nitrogen compounds 含氮化合物nitrogen氮non-associated gas 非伴生气noncommercial a. 非商业的nonetheless ad. & conj. 尽管,还是;然而;依然non-hydrocarbon gases 非烃气nonmarine a. 非海洋的,非海成的nonskeletal a. 非骨骼的normal alkanes 正构链烷nourishment n. 营养,食物NSO compounds 氮硫氧化合物nucleus n. 核,地核nutrient n. 滋养剂,营养Ooblique a. 倾斜的,斜交的obliquely ad. 倾斜地,斜交地obliterate v. 消除obscure a. & v. 模糊的;搞混,使…不分明oceanology n. 海洋学odor n. 气味oil-field water 油田水oil-water contacts 油水接触olefin n. 烯烃Oligo-Miocene 渐—中新世(统)onlap n. 超覆,上超onset n. 开始,起始oolite n. 鲕粒岩,鲕石oomoldic a. 鲕穴状的optimistic a. 乐观的Ordovician n.& a. 泥盆纪(的),泥盆系(的)organic acid有机酸organic matter 有机质organic origin有机成因organometallic compounds 有机金属化合物originate v. 发源,起源orthodox a. 传统的,惯例的orthoquartzite n. 沉积石英岩(正石英岩)oscillate v. 摆动,振荡outcrop n. 露头outlet n. 出口,排水口outwards ad. 向外oval a. 椭圆的,卵形的overestimate v. 过高评价over-flowing points 溢流点overgrowth n. 增长,过度生长overlap n. 超覆,重叠overthrust n. 逆掩断层overview n. 总的看法ovoid a. 卵形的,蛋形的oxygen compounds 含氧化合物Ppacket n. 套(地层)Paleocene n.& a. 古新世(的),古新统(的)Paleozoic n.&a. 古生代(的),古生界(的)palynological a. 孢粉学的panoramic a. 全景的paraffin n. 石蜡烃,烷烃paraffinic oils 石蜡型原油paraffinic–naphthenic oils 石蜡环烷型原油paraffin石蜡烃parameter n. 参数,参量paranaphthalene蒽parlance n. 用语,说法parrotfish n. 鹦咀鱼partial saturation部分饱和particulate n. 颗粒,微粒parting n. 分离,裂理,裂开patch n. 斑,块pay sand 油砂pelecypod n. 瓣鳃纲软体动物pelletoud n. 似球粒,似团粒pelmodic a. 泥质团粒印模的peloid n. 球粒状,似球粒penecontemporaneous a. 准同期的,准同生的Penicillas n. 笔藻属,画笔藻属permeability渗透性(率)permeable a. 可渗透的permeat n. 渗透,穿过perpendicular a. 垂直的,正交的petroleum alteration石油蚀变petroleum geology石油地质学petroleum pools 油藏petroleum refiners 石油炼制者petroleum reservoirs 油藏petroliferous a. 含石油的petrology n. 岩石学phenol n. 酚phenols 苯酚photosynthesis n. 光合作用photosynthetic pigment 光合色素phytoplankton n. 浮游植物pinpoint v. 精确定位plan n. 平面图planar a. 平面的planktonic a. 浮游生物的plausible a. 似乎合理的playa n. 干盐湖plutonic water 火成岩水point-bar 点沙坝,曲流沙坝pollen n. 花粉polycondensation缩聚作用polycyclic a. 多环的,多旋回的polysaccharides 多醣pool n. 水池,储油层,油藏porosity孔隙度porous a. 多孔的porphyrin卟啉positive ion阳离子postulate v. 要求,假设potassium n. 钾(K)potassium钾(K)Precambrian n.& a. 前寒武纪(的),前寒武系(的)preclude v. 消除,妨碍precursor n. 先驱,先质体preferentially ad. 优先地preliminary a. 初步的,预先的preponderance n. 优势,优越preservable a. 可保存的preservation n. 保存,储存preserve v. 保存,储存primary migration初次运移primitive a. 原始的,早期的prior (to) ad.&a. 在…之前,居先的procedural a. 程序性的processing n. 处理prodelta n. 前三角州profiling n. 剖面勘探,剖面法progradation n. 前积,进积渐进作用prolific a. 多产的,丰富的prolong v. 延长,拖长promising a. 有希望的,有开采价值的prone a. 有…的倾向,易于…的propane n. 丙烷prophyrin n. 甾族化合物,卟啉proportional to 与…成(正)比例。
非常规油气摘要:随着世界油气工业勘探开发领域从常规油气向非常规油气延伸,非常规油气的勘探和研究日益受到重视。
非常规油气与常规油气在基本概念、学科体系、地质研究、勘探方法、“甜点区”评价、技术攻关、开发方式与开采模式等8 个方面有本质区别。
非常规油气与常规油气地质学的理论基础,分别是连续型油气聚集理论和浮力圈闭成藏理论。
非常规油气有两个关键标志:一是油气大面积连续分布,圈闭界限不明显,二是无自然工业稳定产量,达西渗流不明显;两个关键参数为:一是孔隙度小于10%,二是孔喉直径小于1μm 或空气渗透率小于1md。
而常规油气,在上述标志和参数方面表现明显不同,孔隙度多介于10%~30%,渗透率多大于1md。
非常规油气评价重点是烃源岩特性、岩性、物性、脆性、含油气性与应力各向异性“六特性”及匹配关系,常规油气评价重点是生、储、盖、圈、运、保“六要素”及最佳匹配关系。
非常规油气富集“甜点区”有8 项评价标准,其中3 项关键指标是toc 大于2%、孔隙度较高(致密油气>10%,页岩油气>3%)和微裂缝发育;常规油气核心评价成藏要素及其时空匹配,重点评价优质烃源灶、有利储集体、圈闭规模及有效的输导体系等。
非常规油气与常规油气既有明显区别,又有密切联系。
非常规油气与常规油气的相同点是,在同一含油气系统中,两者具有相同的烃源系统、相同的初次运移动力、相似的油气组成等。
基于成因和分布上的本质联系,常规—非常规油气表现为“有序聚集”,成因上关联、空间上共生,形成一套统一的油气聚集体系。
遵循常规—非常规油气“有序聚集”规律,勘探开发过程中应将两类油气资源整体考虑、协同发展。
abstract: with the world’s oil and gas industry developing from conventional oil exploration and development to unconventional oil field, the study of unconventional oil exploration is drawing great attention. unconventional and conventional oil and gas are substantially different in terms of eight aspects – basic conception, subject system, geological study, exploration method, evaluation of “sweet-spot zone,”technological research, development method and production pattern. the geological theories of unconventional and conventional oil and gas are based separately on continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory and buoyant trap accumulation theory. unconventional oil and gas has two key characteristics. one is continuous distribution of oil and gas in a large area without obvious boundaries of traps. the other is no stable natural industrial output. thedarcy seepage is not obvious. there are two key parameters – porosity is lower than 10% and porethroat diameter is lower than 1μm or air permeability is lower than 1md. as for conventional oil and gas,the above-stated characteristics and parameters are apparently different. the porosity usually ranges from 10% to 30% and the permeability is usually higher than 1md. unconventional oil evaluation is focused on six geological properties, such as source rock characteristics, lithologic character, physical property, brittleness, petroliferous property, and stress anisotropy. conventional oil evaluation is focused on source rock, reservoir, cap rock, trap, migration and preservation as well as the optimumcoupling relations of these six characteristics. there are eight elements for evaluation of “sweet spot zone”of unconventional oil and gas abundance, of which three key elements are toc higher than 2%, high porosity (tight oil and gas higher than 10% and shale oil and gas higher 3%) and development of micro-fractures. evaluation of conventional oil reservoir is focused on core elements of accumulations and matching of time and space, emphasizing high-quality hydrocarbon source kitchen, favorable reservoir body, scale of trap, and effective conducting system. unconventional oil and gas is obviously different from and closely related to conventional oil and gas. unconventional oil and gas has something in mon with conventional oil and gas, such as in the same oil and gas system and sharing the same hydrocarbon source system, the same primary migration force and the similar oil and gas ponents. based on the substantial relations in genesis and distribution, conventional and unconventional oil and gas are in “orderly accumulations,” related to each other in genesis, and symbiotic in time and space, forming a set of unified oil and gas accumulation system. in accordance with the law that conventional and unconventional oil and gas are in “orderly accumulations,” the two different types of oil and gas resources should be taken into account as a whole in the process of exploration and development for harmonious development.。
第31卷 第1期2024年1月Vol.31, No.1Jan.2024油 气 地 质 与 采 收 率Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency 页岩核磁共振横向弛豫时间与孔径分布量化关系及应用吴连波1,2,3,4,5(1.中国石化胜利油田分公司 勘探开发研究院,山东 东营 257015; 2.国家能源局页岩油研发中心,山东 东营 257015; 3.山东省非常规油气勘探开发重点实验室,山东 东营 257015; 4.胜利油田油气成藏重点实验室,山东 东营 257015;5.中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,山东 东营 257015)摘要:核磁共振横向弛豫时间(T 2)常用于表征页岩的全孔径分布特征。
为确定T 2谱与页岩孔径的量化关系,选取济阳坳陷沙河街组7块页岩样品进行低温氮吸附、核磁共振实验。
利用T 2几何平均值和孔隙比表面积、孔隙体积之间的关系式,获得T 2谱计算孔径分布的关键参数——表面弛豫率。
7块页岩样品的表面弛豫率为1.52~3.06 nm/ms ,平均值为2.53 nm/ms 。
由表面弛豫率计算的孔径分布结果与低温氮吸附的NLDFT 模型计算结果相似度高,证实了页岩表面弛豫率确定方法和取值的合理性。
利用上述方法确定了济阳坳陷典型页岩薄层的孔径分布,结合储层物性和地球化学分析结果,认为页岩中泥质薄层主要起到生-储作用,而纤维状方解石薄层、粉晶方解石薄层和长英质薄层则可以作为储-渗通道。
在研究页岩油微观富集、流动机制及评价页岩油“甜点”时,需细化分析不同薄层的孔径分布特征及其生-储-渗作用。
关键词:页岩;核磁共振横向弛豫时间;表面弛豫率;孔径分布;孔渗结构;济阳坳陷文章编号:1009-9603(2024)01-0036-08DOI :10.13673/j.pgre.202304005中图分类号:TE132.8文献标识码:AQuantitative relationship between shale NMR transverse relaxationtime and pore size distribution and its applicationWU Lianbo 1,2,3,4,5(1.Exploration and Development Research Institute , Shengli Oilfield Company , SINOPEC , Dongying City , Shandong Province , 257015, China ; 2.State Energy Center for Shale Oil Research and Development , Dongying City , Shandong Province , 257015, China ; 3.Shandong Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Exploration and Development , Dongying City , Shandong Province , 257015, China ; 4.Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Shengli Oilfield Company , Dongying City , Shandong Province , 257015, China ; 5.SINOPEC Shale Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Key Laboratory ,Dongying City , Shandong Province , 257015, China )Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR ) transverse relaxation time T 2 is commonly used to characterize the full-scale pore size distribution characteristics of shale. In order to determine the quantitative relationship between T 2 and the pore size of shale , seven shale samples from Shahejie Formation in Jiyang Depression are selected to perform low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and NMR experiments. The surface relaxivity , the critical parameter to calculate the pore size distribution by T 2, is obtained according to the equation reflecting the relationship between the logarithmic mean of T 2 and specific surface area and pore volume. For these samples , the surface relaxivity ranges from 1.52 nm/ms to 3.06 nm/ms , with an average value of 2.53 nm/ms. The pore size distribu ‐tion results calculated by surface relaxivity are more similar to the calculation results of the NLDFT model for low-temperature nitro ‐收稿日期:2023-04-05。
第35卷第6期2023年11月岩性油气藏LITHOLOGIC RESERVOIRSV ol.35No.6Nov.2023收稿日期:2023-05-23;修回日期:2023-07-03;网络发表日期:2023-08-10基金项目:中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“海外深水、超深水油气勘探关键技术研究”(编号:2021DJ2403)、“海外大型碳酸盐岩油藏高效上产关键技术研究”(编号:2023ZZ19)与中油国际海外科技项目“美洲重点地区油气成藏规律研究及潜力评价”(编号:2023-YF-01-05)联合资助。
第一作者:刘亚明(1980—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事石油地质方面的研究工作。
地址:(100083)北京市海淀区学院路20号910信箱。
Email :***************************.cn 。
文章编号:1673-8926(2023)06-0127-11DOI :10.12108/yxyqc.20230614引用:刘亚明,王丹丹,田作基,等.巴西桑托斯盆地复杂碳酸盐岩油田火成岩发育特征及预测方法[J ].岩性油气藏,2023,35(6):127-137.Cite :LIU Yaming ,WANG Dandan ,TIAN Zuoji ,et al.Characteristics and prediction methods of igneous rocks in complex carbo-nate oilfields in Santos Basin ,Brazil [J ].Lithologic Reservoirs ,2023,35(6):127-137.巴西桑托斯盆地复杂碳酸盐岩油田火成岩发育特征及预测方法刘亚明1,王丹丹1,田作基1,张志伟1,王童奎2,王朝锋3,阳孝法1,周玉冰1(1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083;2.中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司,北京100034;3.中国石油杭州地质研究院,杭州310023)摘要:根据岩心薄片、分析化验、测井和地震等资料,利用地质和地球物理相结合的研究方法,对巴西桑托斯盆地火成岩期次、岩性岩相、地球物理特征、火山机构特征及Eastern 油田火成岩发育特征等进行了研究。
㊀㊀收稿日期:20210912;改回日期:20220317㊀㊀基金项目:国家自然科学基金 走滑断裂带控藏机理研究 (41872161)㊀㊀作者简介:刘建党(1975 ),男,高级工程师,1999年毕业于中国地质大学(北京)石油工程专业,2004年毕业于该校油气田开发工程专业,获硕士学位,现主要从事油气地质相关研究工作㊂㊀㊀通讯作者:兰正凯(1983 ),男,2006年毕业于长江大学资源勘查与工程专业,现为中国地质大学(武汉)石油与天然气工程专业在读博士研究生,主要从事油气地质相关研究工作㊂DOI :10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2022.03.005江陵凹陷断层封闭性评价及勘探潜力刘建党1,兰正凯2,3,贾㊀超1(1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京㊀100083;2.中国地质大学(武汉),湖北㊀武汉㊀430074;3.特雷西能源科技(杭州)有限公司,浙江㊀杭州㊀310000)摘要:江陵凹陷断裂系统复杂,断层封闭性评价难度极大,断裂封闭性能及其组合特征㊁影响因素为江陵凹陷后期勘探部署带来挑战㊂利用江陵凹陷现有资料和前期研究成果,运用地质学原理,系统分析了江陵凹陷的构造特征和断层的演化历史,划分了主要断层系统,并在江陵凹陷断层侧向封闭性研究的基础上,分析了断层封闭机理,建立了江陵凹陷断层封闭模式㊂结果表明:低渗透带断层能够形成封闭,断层封闭机理为断裂带与围岩之间存在差异性的渗透能力;影响断层封闭性的因素包括储层岩性对接和泥岩涂抹率㊁岩石性质㊁断层附近渗透率等㊂在对江陵凹陷断层的封闭性综合分析的基础上,在江陵凹陷陵72井以南部署1口探井,打开了江陵凹陷勘探新局面㊂研究成果对断裂在油气成藏的作用及其封闭特征研究提供了理论依据,对同类油田的勘探部署具有借鉴意义㊂关键词:断层封闭性;泥岩;断裂系统;成藏条件;江陵凹陷中图分类号:TE121.1㊀㊀文献标识码:A ㊀㊀文章编号:1006-6535(2022)03-0036-07Fault Trap Evaluation and Exploration Potential in Jiangling SagLiu Jiandang 1,Lan Zhengkai 2,3,Jia Chao 1(1.Centre of SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute ,Beijing 100083,China ;2.China University of Geosciences (Wuhan ),Wuhan ,Hubei 430074,China ;3.Tracy Energy Technology (Hangzhou )Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou ,Zhejiang 310000,China )Abstract :The complex fracture system in Jiangling Sag makes fault trapping evaluation extremely difficult ,and thefault trapping performance and its combination characteristics and influencing factors bring challenges to the later exploration deployment in Jiangling Sag.According to the existing data and previous research results of JianglingSag and the principles of geology ,the tectonic characteristics of Jiangling Sag and the evolution history of the faults were systematically analyzed ,and the main fault systems were classified ,the fault trapping mechanism was analyzedon the basis of studies on lateral fault trap ,Jiangling Sag ,and a fault trap mode of Jiangling Sag was established.The results showed that ,the faults in the low -permeability zone could be trapped due to the different permeability between the fault zone and the surrounding rock ,and the factors affecting fault trap included lithology joint ,mud-stone coating rate ,rock properties ,and permeability near the fault.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the fault trap in Jiangling Sag ,a prospecting well was selected to the south of Well Ling 72,Jiangling Sag to making a new start for exploration in Jiangling Sag.The study results provide a theoretical basis for the role of faults in hydro-carbon accumulation and their trap characteristics ,and can be used as a reference for the exploration and deploy-ment of similar oilfields.Key words :fault trapping ;mudstone ;fault system ;accumulation conditions ;Jiangling Sag㊀第3期刘建党等:江陵凹陷断层封闭性评价及勘探潜力37㊀㊀0㊀引㊀言江陵凹陷属于典型的箕状断陷湖盆,具有 北断南超,西断东超 的特点,盆地的结构受控于主干基底断裂㊂王生奥等[1-3]对断裂系统整体的研究比较多,而针对次一级构造单元内部断层的差异性研究相对较少㊂晏安语等[4-9]以断裂系统为研究对象对油气藏特征及分布规律进行了研究,大多数学者认为从封闭性角度分析断层对油气成藏的控制作用十分重要[10-12]㊂目前缺乏对江陵凹陷断层的封闭性研究,断层的封闭性对油气成藏和油气分布起着重要的控制作用,因此,有必要开展江陵凹陷断裂系统封闭性研究㊂应用岩性对接[13-14]对江陵凹陷荆州背斜带内主要含油气圈闭的断层侧向封闭性进行评价,在此基础上分析控制江陵凹陷断层侧向封闭性的主要因素,建立相应的判别模式㊂深化断裂系统侧向封闭能力的认识是明确含油气盆地油气形成的地质条件㊁有利区评价优选所必需的重要工作,对江陵凹陷井位部署具有重要指导意义㊂1㊀研究区概况江汉盆地是一个白垩系 第三系沉积的裂陷型盆地,北缘与大别山造山带相邻,南部以江南隆起北缘为界,江陵凹陷位于江汉盆地西南部,是江汉盆地最大的次级构造单元㊂江陵凹陷北部以纪山寺断层与河溶凹陷相临,西北部以问安寺断层与枝江凹陷相临,东部与丫角新沟低凸起呈斜坡过渡,西㊁南分别超覆在宜都鹤峰背斜带㊁桑植石门复向斜㊂江陵凹陷基底结构受秦岭雪峰复合构造体系的影响,具有东北向断陷和西北向反转的多期断陷和拗陷重叠的特征,根据凹陷的构造特征可划分为7个三级构造单元,分别为江口向斜㊁梅槐桥向斜带㊁清水口向斜带㊁荆州背斜带㊁万城断裂构造带㊁公安单斜带㊁拾桥单斜带(图1)㊂江陵凹陷地层发育齐全,包括白垩系渔洋组,图1㊀江陵凹陷构造单元Fig.1㊀The of the tectonic units in Jiangling Sag古近系沙市组㊁新沟咀组㊁荆沙组㊁潜江组㊁荆河镇组,新近系广华寺组及第四系平原组,以碎屑岩沉积为主㊂新沟咀组是区域内最好的烃源岩层段,分为上下2段,上段厚度为200~300m,岩性为泥岩夹薄层粉砂岩㊁含膏泥岩,局部可见玄武岩;下段为生油层,烃源岩厚度为500~800m,划分为3个油组:Ⅰ油组厚度约为120m,岩性以红色泥岩㊁砂岩为主,构成主要的区域盖层;Ⅱ油组厚度为150~300m,以灰色泥岩夹砂岩,含膏泥岩㊁白云岩为主;Ⅲ油组厚度为100~150m,岩性为红灰相间的泥岩夹砂岩,含有少量含膏泥岩,顶部发育一套稳定的泥岩隔层㊂2㊀断层侧向封闭性能评价沙32井区位于荆州背斜带沙市背斜西翼,沙24井区东南方向㊂构造上,该井区主要为协力断层控制的局部构造,为该断层上升盘次级断层控制的地垒构造,由主要的三级断层向更次一级的断层㊀38㊀特种油气藏第29卷㊀控制的断块构造转移(图2)㊂沙32断块在新下段主要受1㊁2号断展共同控制,因此,有必要对控圈断裂的侧向封闭性进行评价㊂晚白垩沉积时期,沙市地区地势平坦,沉积了近图2㊀沙32断块圈闭Fig.2㊀The traps in Block Sha 32,Shashi Oilfield1000m 的渔洋组地层;沙市组沉积时期,下段以盐岩为主,上段以砂泥互层为主;新沟咀组沉积时期,砂岩明显增多,以三角洲前缘沉积为主;早荆沙组沉积时期之前,沙市地区,断层不发育,在荆沙组沉积早期,沙32断块构造的南㊁北断层形成,断块构造形态伴随着沙市地区的隆升剥蚀,沙32断块圈闭的形态基本形成(图3)㊂图3㊀沙32断块荆沙中—现今构造演化Fig.3㊀The Jingsha medium -presenttectonic evolution of Fault Block Sha 32晚荆沙组沉积时期断层发育,以沙市地区的北东向断层为主,该时期形成的断层对其北部控制断层进行了切割;潜江组和荆河镇沉积时期,以断陷沉积为主,很大一部分断层均为该期形成,以沙32北部的协力断层最为代表;在荆河镇晚期,由于喜山运动的影响,整体环境以北东东 南西西挤压为主,沙市背斜进一步隆升剥蚀,荆河镇组和潜一段㊁二段及部分三段地层被剥蚀;到了新近纪末期,沙市背斜出现一期弱挤压现象,挤压应力释放后期,沙市地区部分断层出现不同程度的活动特征,以协力断层㊁盐卡南断层最为典型㊂低渗透带是影响该区断层侧向封闭能力的主要因素,在此基础上,研究主要断层侧向封闭属性值计算模型[19](图4)㊂首先建立研究区泥质含量判别曲线,明确不同岩石类型的测井识别标准,在此基础上利用断层分析模块,恢复主要控圈断层的岩性对接㊁断面泥岩涂抹率和断层属性特征值来对其封闭性进行综合评价㊂综合分析,沙32井区的控圈断层1号断层和2号断层的封闭性较好,其封闭性较好的原因主要有2个方面:①1号断层和2号断层的下降盘新下段地层与上升盘新下段地层均为有利的泥岩-砂岩对接或泥岩-泥质砂岩对接模式㊂②沙32-1井的泥质含量判别曲线解释结果显示新沟咀组泥岩㊀第3期刘建党等:江陵凹陷断层封闭性评价及勘探潜力39㊀㊀含量较高,而砂岩的含量较低㊂在①号断层和②号断层活动时,滑过上升盘(封闭一侧)的地层主要为新沟咀组下段,新上段地层仅在顶部有对接(断层级次较低,沿断层走向断距变化不大,断距极小,一般在50m 左右),由于沙32断块新沟咀组地层泥岩含量极高,导致滑过断面每一点的泥岩层累计厚度较大,不论是①号断层还是②号断层,其断面涂抹率普遍偏大,①号断层一般在50%左右,而②号断层一般在50%以上(图5)㊂沙32断块这种极强的封闭性主要与岩性对接和泥岩涂抹率有关,受断面埋深㊁倾角和走向等断面几何学特征属性的影响较小㊂图4㊀断层侧向封闭属性值计算模型Fig.4㊀The calculation model of attribute value of fault lateral trap100806040200/%图5㊀沙32断块2号断层断面泥岩涂抹率Fig.5㊀The mudstone smear rate of No.2Fault section in Fault Block Sha 323㊀断层侧向封闭机理及影响因素断裂系统是控制油气藏形成和保存的主要地质因素,应用断面泥岩涂抹率图,初步分析控制江陵凹陷断层侧向封闭性的主要因素㊂首先,断层的发育会引起地下流体性质的一些变化,破坏原有的水岩相互作用平衡,同时改变压力条件和性质㊂断层的侧向封闭能力可以通过2个断层板的地层水类型㊁断层带附近围岩同位素的比较㊁2个断层板的压力变化等来定性判断㊂其次,调查了解断层距离㊁断层性质㊁对接比等主要影响因素和评价标准,2个断层的岩性和生长指数的差异将影响其侧向密封能力;最后,在前人断层封闭定性研究的基础上,利用节点图和横截面页岩涂抹率对研究区的断层进行分析[15-17]㊂根据断层活动引起的渗透率差异,江陵凹陷荆州背斜带的断层封闭类型可分为2类(图6):①对接封闭,指的是储层与渗透性相对较差的围岩通过断层差异阻止油气运移;②断层岩封闭,指的是在断裂带内形成渗透性较差的断裂带充填物质而阻止油气侧向运移[18]㊂断层岩封闭可以分为5类:解聚带㊁碎裂岩㊁断层岩㊁泥岩涂㊁胶结裂缝(表1),其中,泥岩涂㊁胶结裂缝模式比较常见㊂4㊀断层封闭评价及勘探目标区优选根据横向断层封闭性研究,荆州背斜带(显油气,形成大型储层)和沙市油田(显油气,未形成大型储层)2个圈闭具有相似的构造背景㊂针对典型代表性圈闭,开展断层侧向封闭能力对比研究,明确断层侧向封闭能力对油气分布的控制作用㊂新沟咀组下段沉积时期,凹陷进入早第三纪以来第1个拗陷期,江陵凹陷呈南抬㊁中洼㊁北缓坡的构造面貌,断拗型的凹陷特征控制了凹陷的沉积中心,主要沉积中心在凹陷中心的梅槐桥地区和虎渡河-资福寺地区,在沉积中心地带沉积了较厚的新下段地层,地层厚度为500~800m,地层围绕梅槐桥和虎渡河-资福寺及江口3个沉降中心,向北㊁南㊁㊀40㊀特种油气藏第29卷㊀图6㊀断裂带封闭油气机理模式图Fig.6㊀The model of hydrocarbon trapping mechanism of fault zone表1㊀5种断层侧向封闭类型东3个方向减薄㊂由于拗陷期的沉积充填作用,新下段烃源岩层分布广泛,面积约为5760km 2,根据钻井统计的暗色泥岩分布的厚度,发现纵向上主要分布在新沟咀组下段Ⅱ油组,厚度为100~120Ⅲ油组次之,厚度为40~60m;Ⅰ油组不发育㊂平面上主要围绕梅槐桥㊁虎渡河-资福寺㊁江口3个生烃洼陷向两边减薄(图7)㊂江陵凹陷新下段主力烃源岩总体分布在泥隔图7㊀江陵凹陷新沟咀组下段泥岩厚度等值线Fig.7㊀The thickness contour of mudstone in the lower member of Xingouzui Formation,Jiangling Sag㊀第3期刘建党等:江陵凹陷断层封闭性评价及勘探潜力41㊀㊀层-Ⅱ油组中下部,以浅湖亚相为主,部分为三角洲前缘亚相,沉积较稳定,属还原环境,暗色泥质岩发育,连续厚度较大,均大于30m,TOC 平均值大于0.6%(图8)㊂图8㊀江陵凹陷新沟咀组有机碳分布图Fig.8㊀The distribution of organic carbon in Xingouzui Formation,Jiangling Sag㊀㊀通过对江陵凹陷的三维地震精细解释和断层封闭性研究,落实了类似沙32断块的新沟咀组构造圈闭㊂陵72井区及其周缘储层十分发育,三角洲砂岩是良好的储集层,低部位的陵53井也钻遇多层砂岩,且新沟咀组的大膏层㊁新上段和荆沙组的泥岩可作为油气向上运移的封堵层㊂建议在陵72井以南2.3km,部署1口探井,预计增加动用石油地质储量23.2ˑ104t,该井取得突破后有望打开江陵凹陷勘探新局面㊂5㊀结㊀论(1)根据断层活动引起的渗透率差异,江陵凹陷荆州背斜带的断层封闭类型可分为对接封闭和断层岩封闭2种类型,断层规模对江陵凹陷油气勘探起主要控制作用㊂(2)控制沙32断块的南北断层形成于早荆沙时期,晚期的弱挤压作用,激活了沙市地区的部分断层,特别是以断层为封闭边界的构造圈闭㊂(3)通过江陵凹陷沙32断块①号和②号控圈断层的封闭性综合分析,认为其封闭性较好;建议在陵72井区部署1口探井,预计增加动用石油地质储量23.2ˑ104t,该井取得突破后有望打开江陵凹陷勘探新局面㊂参考文献:[1]王生奥,韩复兴,孙章庆,等.地应力测量及其对油气运移和断层封堵性影响的发展现状与趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2021,36(2):675-688.WANG Shengᶄao,HAN Fuxing,SUN Zhangqing,et 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第42卷 第5期2023年 9月 地质科技通报B u l l e t i n o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g yV o l .42 N o .5S e p .2023陶文芳,葛家旺,雷永昌,等.转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例[J ].地质科技通报,2023,42(5):103-114.T a o W e n f a n g ,G e J i a w a n g ,L e i Y o n g c h a n g ,e t a l .D e p o s i t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a r e l a y r a m p c o n t r o l l e d b r a i d e d d e l t a i c s ys t e m :A c a s e s t u d y i n t h e E o c e n e H u i z h o u S a g ,P e a r l R i v e r M o u t h B a s i n ,C h i n a [J ].B u l l e t i n o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y ,2023,42(5):103-114.转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41902124);构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(2019-15);联合中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司研究院生产性科研项目(S C K Y -2023-S Z -03)作者简介:陶文芳(1988 ),女,工程师,主要从事珠江口盆地油气勘探及石油地质综合研究㊂E -m a i l :t a o w f @c n o o c .c o m.c n通信作者:葛家旺(1988 ),男,副研究员,主要从事定量层序地层学及构造-沉积学方面的科研和教学工作㊂E -m a i l :g j w d d n @163.c o m©E d i t o r i a l O f f i c e o f B u l l e t i n o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y .T h i s i s a n o pe n a c c e s s a r t i c l e u n d e r t h e C C B Y -N C -N D l i c e n s e .以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例陶文芳1,葛家旺2,雷永昌1,李旭彪2,朱筱敏3(1.中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司,广东深圳518054;2.西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,成都610050;3.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249)摘 要:珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新世发育多个不同类型的转换斜坡(或称为构造转换带),位于惠州26洼和西江30洼之间的H Z 25转换斜坡控制并发育了一套大型近源辫状河三角洲体系㊂基于新处理的三维地震㊁钻(测)井㊁岩心及相关分析化验资料,详细分析讨论了转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲砂体沉积特征㊂研究表明,晚始新世时期气候炎热潮湿,东沙隆起通过H Z 25转换斜坡向惠州26洼输送充沛的物源碎屑,发育厚层辫状河三角洲成因砂体,粒度概率曲线和C -M 图显示典型牵引流态特征;砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主,岩性粒度较粗㊁分选差,磨圆度为棱角状-次棱角状;岩心显示多期次冲刷界面㊁高角度斜层理㊁楔状交错层理等强水流动力沉积构造及间断性正韵律㊂转换斜坡是物源水系主要的运输通道,辫状河三角洲向前推进距离约8k m ,整体形态为向北东方向展布的坨状或朵叶状㊂受控于转换斜坡古地貌格局,辫状河三角洲具有水动力强㊁距物源较近且物源供给充足的特征,砂地比平均值约52%㊂辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是优质储层发育带,转换斜坡及其控制的厚层优质砂体耦合形成良好的地层-岩性圈闭,是惠州凹陷深层主要勘探对象㊂研究区辫状河三角洲整体为一套低孔㊁低渗储层㊂辫状河三角洲前缘储层由于泥质杂基含量低,分选改造中等,以显孔-原生孔为主,孔隙连通性较好,是下一步油气优先勘探评价的对象㊂关键词:辫状河三角洲;沉积特征;转换斜坡;惠州凹陷;珠江口盆地2022-05-09收稿;2022-08-29修回;2022-10-03接受中图分类号:P 618.130.2 文章编号:2096-8523(2023)05-0103-12d o i :10.19509/j .c n k i .d z k q.t b 20220202 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(O S I D ):D e p o s i t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a r e l a y r a m p co n t r o l l e d b r a i d e d d e l t a i c s y s t e m :A c a s e s t u d yi n t h e E o c e n e H u i z h o u S a g,P e a r l R i v e r M o u t h B a s i n ,C h i n a T a o W e n f a n g 1,G e J i a w a n g 2,L e i Y o n g c h a n g 1,L i X u b i a o 2,Z h u X i a o m i n 3(1.R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e o f S h e n z h e n B r a n c h o f C N O O C C h i n a L i m i t e d ,S h e n z h e n G u a n g d o n g 518054,C h i n a ;2.C o l l e g e o f G e o s c i e n c e s a n d T e c h n o l o g y ,S o u t h w e s t P e t r o l e u m U n i v e r s i t y ,C h e n gd u 610050,C h i n a ;3.C o l le g e of G e o s c i e n c e s ,C h i n a U n i v e r s i t y o f P e t r o l e u m (B e i j i ng ),B e i j i n g 102249,C h i n a )A b s t r a c t :[O b je c t i v e ]T e c t o n i c t r a n sf e r z o n e s (o r n a m e d a s r e l a y r a m p s )c a n h a v e a p r o f o u n d i m p a c t o n t h e Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.h t t p s://d z k j q b.c u g.e d u.c n地质科技通报2023年d r a i n a g e s c a t c h m e n t,s e d i m e n t d i s p e r s a l a n d r e s e r v o i r s d i s t r i b u t i o n p a t t e r n s;t h e y a r e a l s o i m p o r t a n t f o r h y d r o c a r b o n t r a n s p o r t a n d a c c u m u l a t i o n p r o c e s s e s.I t i s a h o t o b j e c t o f c u r r e n t r e s e a r c h i n t e r e s t t o s e d i-m e n t a r y g e o l o g i s t s a s w e l l a s p e t r o l e u m g e o l o g i s t s.A f e w d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f t e c t o n i c t r a n s f e r z o n e s a r e o b-s e r v e d i n t h e E o c e n e H u i z h o u S a g,t h e P e a r l R i v e r M o u t h B a s i n,S o u t h C h i n a S e a.T h e H Z25a r e a l i n k i n g t h e H u i z h o u26a n d X i j i a n g30S a g s i s a t y p i c a l o v e r l a p p i n g t r a n s f e r z o n e t h a t c o n t r o l s t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a l a r g e s e t o f b r a i d e d-d e l t a i c s y s t e m.[M e t h o d s]B a s e d o n n e w l y a c q u i r e d a n d p r o c e s s e d h i g h-q u a l i t y3D s e i s m i c d a t a,t h r e e d r i l l i n g l o g s,c o r e s,a n d t h i n s l i c e s a r e u t i l i z e d t o d i s c u s s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e l a y r a m p-c o n t r o l l e d b r a i d e d d e l t a i c d e p o s i t s a n d r e s e r v o i r s i n t h i s p a p e r.[R e s u l t s]T h e r e s u l t s s h o w t h a t t h e L a t e E o c e n e c l i m a t e w a s r e l a t i v e l y h o t a n d h u m i d,a n d t h u s,a b u n d a n t t e r r e s t r i a l c l a s t i c a r e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r a n s p o r t e d f r o m t h e D o n g s h a U p l i f t s o u r c e a r e a v i a t h e H Z25r e l a y r a m p r o u t i n g s y s t e m.S u b s e q u e n t l y,a s e t o f t h i c k-b e d d e d b r a i d e d-d e l t a d e p o s i t s w a s d e p o s i t e d i n t h e H Z26S a g.T h e b r a i d e d d e l t a i c s a n d s t o n e s a r e g e n e r a l l y c o a r s e-g r a i n e d w i t h r e l a t i v e l y p o o r s o r t i n g a n d r o u n d n e s s.I t i s d o m i n a t e d b y m a i n l y l i t h i c s a n d s t o n e.T h e p a r t i c l e s i z e p r o b a b i l i t y c u r v e a n d C-M d i a g r a m d i s p l a y t y p i c a l m u l t i p l e t r a c t i o n f l o w c h a r-a c t e r i s t i c s.L a r g e-s c a l e c r o s s b e d d i n g,h i g h-a n g l e i n c l i n e d b e d d i n g a n d e x t e n s i v e s c o u r s u r f a c e s i n m u l t i-s t o r y f i n i n g-u p w a r d s c y c l e s a r e c o mm o n i n c o r e o b s e r v a t i o n s.I t i s i m p l i e d t h a t r i c h a n d h y d r o d y n a m i c t r a c t i o n f l o w r e g i m e s a r e d e v e l o p e d.T h e d r a i n a g e d i s p e r s a l p a t h w a y s a r e r e d i r e c t e d b y t h e i n t e r n a l t e c t o n-i c b e l t s w i t h i n t h e r e l a y r a m p,w h i c h a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y a l a r g e-s c a l e b u t l o w-g r a d i e n t(l e s s t h a n3d e-g r e e s)p h y s i o g r a p h i c s l o p e.S t r o n g h y d r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h f a c i l i t a t e d d e l t a i c d r a i n a g e r e s u l-t e d i n a h i g h s a n d r a t i o o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y52%o n a v e r a g e.T h e m a x i m u m a d v a n c e m e n t o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l-t a i c s y s t e m i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y8k m,a n d i t s l o b e-l i k e g e o m e t r y i s s t r i c t l y r e o r g a n i z e d b y t h e s p e c i a l t e c t o n i c-g e o m o r p h i c p a t t e r n o f t h e r e l a y r a m p z o n e.[C o n c l u s i o n]T h e f r o n t a l d e p o s i t s o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a i c s y s t e mh a v e r e l a t i v e l y g o o d s a n d s t o n e s o r t i n g,a n d t h u s,t h e r e l e v a n t d e p o s i t s a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y a h i g h e r p o r o s-i t y t h a n t h o s e o b s e r v e d i n t h e b r a i d e d-d e l t a p l a i n.T h e g o o d s t r a t i g r a p h i c-l i t h o l o g i c a l t r a p s c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e r e l a y r a m p c o u p l e d w i t h t h e m u l t i p l e s t a g e s o f t h i c k-b e d d e d b r a i d e d-d e l t a i c d e p o s i t s a r e m o s t i m p o r t a n t i n t h i s s t u d y a r e a,w h i c h c o u l d b e s e l e c t e d a s a n e x p l o r a t i o n p o t e n t i a l a r e a i n t h e f u t u r e.A d d i t i o n a l l y,t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a i c d e p o s i t s i n t h e s t u d y a r e a a r e m a i n l y d o m i n a t e d b y l o w-p o r o s i t y a n d l o w-p e r m e a b i l i t y r e s e r-v o i r s.T h e r e s e r v o i r i n t h e f r o n t a l a r e a o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a i c d e p o s i t s c o u l d b e a p r i o r i t y e x p l o r a t i o n a n d e-v a l u a t i o n t a r g e t f o r p e t r o l e u m r e s o u r c e s d u e t o i t s l o w m u d c o n t e n t a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s b a s e s,m o d e r a t e s o r t i n g a n d g o o d p o r e c o n n e c t i v i t y.K e y w o r d s:b r a i d e d d e l t a;d e p o s i t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s;r e l a y r a m p;H u i z h o u S a g;P e a r l R i v e r M o u t h B a s i n R e c e i v e d:2022-05-09;R e v i s e d:2022-08-29;A c c e p t e d:2022-10-03变换带或传递带由D a h l s t r o m[1]在1970年研究挤压变形中褶皱-逆冲断层的几何形态时首次提出㊂M o r l e y等[2]在研究东非裂谷带过程中,在伸展构造体系中把变换带定义为保持区域伸展应变守恒而调节变形或位移的一种构造样式㊂G a w t h o r p e 等[3]的变换带涵义与M o r l e y等[2]类似,其分类含共轭和同向两种,分别代表倾向相反和倾向相对的正断层之间的位移转换构造(转换斜坡或者调节区域)㊂漆家福[4]认为构造转换带可归纳为同向未叠覆型(同向未叠覆线型㊁同向未叠覆凹型和同向未叠覆凸型)㊁同向传递型㊁同向叠覆型㊁对向叠覆型和平行型㊂此外,裂陷盆地中变换带依据构造单元的级别可分为一级变换带(一级构造单元之间的应力变换)及二级变换带(二级构造单元内部)[5-6]㊂转换斜坡(又称为 走向斜坡 )是伸展盆地中常见的一种转换带类型,是指两条相同倾向的正断层在其走向上叠覆而形成的强烈旋转区域[7-9]㊂转换斜坡会对入湖水系㊁沉积物分散方式及沉积结果产生深刻的影响㊂Y o u n g等[9-10]先后对埃及S u e z裂谷主控断层 T h a l断层自断层中心至分支断层间的转换斜坡处的层序地层学和沉积学进行了详细研究,认为转换斜坡可捕获充沛的水系,发育大型粗粒三角洲砂体㊂S o h n等[11]发现转换斜坡内部不同断裂部位,可同时形成吉尔伯特型三角洲以及浅水三角洲体系㊂活动水系对断层叠覆和硬连接的响应也是对转换带破坏这一构造样式的反映㊂T r u d g i l l[8]及M o u s t a f a[12]均以美国西部犹他州C a n y o n l a n d s地堑为例,研究了水系的变化与转换斜坡演化的相互关系,这对储层分布与质量的预测有重要意义㊂O f t e d a l等[13]研究了世界上最大的转401Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第5期陶文芳等:转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例换斜坡 H o l d W i t h H o p e 转换斜坡,发现转换斜坡的上部遭受剥蚀,下部局部沉降并发育粗碎屑三角洲前积体;其中粗碎屑单元的退积样式指示盆地水体逐渐加深㊂断陷盆地两条断层叠覆程度越高,转换斜坡的坡度越大,输送路径越受到断裂复杂的联接形式的影响㊂前人的研究表明,汇水面积增大形成大规模扇体或三角洲朵体,是油气的有利富集场所[14]㊂转换斜坡发育位置㊁地貌特征以及变换带与半地堑或次洼的组合关系对于沉积储层演化规律及关联性,是当前国际地学研究热点议题[15-18]㊂惠州凹陷位于珠江口盆地的东部,是重要的富生烃凹陷㊂珠江口盆地裂陷阶段受张扭性应力背景影响发育雁行式断裂体系,其中惠州凹陷古近系发育多个不同类型的转换斜坡[19-20]㊂这些变换带或转换带既有效地联结各相对独立的洼陷/次洼构造,又是物源进入湖盆的入口处㊂位于惠州26洼和西江30洼之间的H Z 25地区为一个典型的转换斜坡[21],是惠州凹陷面向古近系油气勘探重要试验地区;其中3口井(H A 1㊁H A 2和H A 3井)在文昌组钻遇了数十米厚的油层,两口井试油测试获得了良好产能,是目前勘探的重点靶区[22]㊂本研究以惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡为研究对象,利用三维地震资料㊁3口钻(测)井㊁岩心及相关分析化验资料,重点讨论转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲体系的沉积及储集层特征,以期推动惠州凹陷古近系的油气勘探进程㊂1 区域地质概况惠州凹陷地处珠江口盆地的东北部和珠Ⅰ坳陷的中部,具有 隆凹相间斜列展布 的空间分布特征㊂惠州凹陷面积约1.0ˑ104k m 2,整体为N E E 走向,是珠江口盆地的优质油气区[23](图1)㊂珠江口盆地惠州凹陷先后经历了陆相㊁海相的沉积过程㊂裂陷期以陆相沉积为主,文昌组发育深湖相泥岩,是研究区的优质烃源岩[22];文昌组孢粉组合为栎粉(Q u e r c o i d -i t e s )-桤木粉(A l n i p o l l e n i t e s )-榆粉(U l m i po l l e n i -t e s ),其中被子植物占主导,且属种繁多,尤其是栎粉㊁榆粉和桤木粉含量较高[24-25]㊂除此之外,孢粉组分中出现大量温带阔叶落叶,以及热-亚热带常绿落叶阔叶植物,指示温暖湿润的亚热带气候㊂恩平组气候转凉[25],水体变浅,发育河湖㊁沼泽及三角洲沉积体系,岩性多为砂泥岩夹薄煤层㊂在坳陷期,盆地进入海相沉积期(图2)㊂H Z 25转换斜坡位于惠州凹陷西南部,由N E 走向控凹边界断层F 1和F 2控制(图1-c )㊂南部邻东沙隆起,连接惠州26洼东部和西江30洼西部区域(图1-b ),面积约100k m 2㊂图1 惠州凹陷地理位置(a )㊁构造纲要(b )和H Z 25转换斜坡井位和断层分布(c)F i g .1 T e c t o n i c l o c a t i o n (a )a n d s t r u c t u r a l o u t l i n e (b )o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g an d w e l l s a n d f a u l t d i s t r i b u t i o n (c )i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p2 物源区及转换斜坡特征白垩纪时期,受到太平洋板块俯冲的影响,东沙隆起处于挤压环境抬升剥蚀;始新世以来,由于太平洋板块俯冲后撤使得珠江口盆地处于拉张背景[26],惠州凹陷在强烈的伸展断陷作用下断裂持续活动㊂东沙隆起在此时期快速上升,剥蚀强烈,剥蚀量近2000m ,母岩主要为中酸性以及基性岩浆岩,风化剥蚀强烈[26],提供了充足的物源㊂古地貌深度等值线平面图或者立体图能够显示地貌单元形态,能够识别出物源及沟谷在空间上的展布[27-28]㊂基于测井㊁地震资料,采用构造回剥技术及层序地层学方法综合恢复的文昌组沉积前的古地貌图见图3-a ㊂沟谷和斜坡是东沙隆起物源进入惠州26洼的重要通道,水流顺着地势较低的断层连接处向低部位运输㊂H Z 25构造脊不仅分隔了西江30洼和惠州26洼,也对水流具有阻挡和调配的作用,其中砂体向N E 方向分散(图3-a)㊂转换带内部的沟槽分布及分叉方向能够精确地指示物源的推进方501Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.h t t p s ://d z k j q b .c u g.e d u .c n 地质科技通报2023年图2 珠江口盆地惠州凹陷地层综合柱状图[22-24]F i g .2 C o m p r e h e n s i v e c o l u m n o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g,e a s t e r n P e a r l R i v e r M o u t h B a s i n 向及三角洲的形态,可以看出共存在4条沟谷(通道①~④),其中通道①规模最大,延伸方向为N E 向,通道②㊁通道③长度较短,通道④长度在2.5k m 左右;沟谷通道主要沿着构造脊向下分布,深度较浅㊂研究区前积地震相投影方向联合砂体厚度平面图(图3-b ,c ),可以确定水流方向为N E 方向㊂砂体厚度呈扇形形态向N E 方向分散,且线状厚砂体分布与沟谷负地貌具有良好对应关系(图3-b ,d )㊂通过以上砂体厚度和沉积体系形态分析,再次印证了转换斜坡砂体主要来源于南部的东沙隆起㊂因此,转换斜坡是盆外隆起区水系长期稳定入口,也是沉积物卸载的主要通道㊂3 转换斜坡近源辫状河三角洲的识别特征在对H A 1和H A 2井累计25m 长岩心精细观察描述基础上,综合铸体薄片㊁构造背景㊁地震反射特征㊁测井等资料研究,认为H Z 25转换斜坡文昌组沉积期发育典型的辫状河三角洲体系,其沉积特征如下㊂3.1近源低成熟砂岩为主体葛家旺等[29-30]基于文昌组砂岩100余块岩石薄片的分析认为该研究区辫状河三角洲岩石主要为含砾(砾质)岩屑砂岩㊁长石质岩屑砂岩㊂其中,岩屑类型复杂且含量高,平均体积分数约45%,多为硅质岩岩屑,含有少量花岗岩岩屑㊁泥岩岩屑㊂石英体积分数波动较大(5.8%~85.3%),平均体积分数为40%㊂长石(钾长石为主)体积分数为2.3%~36%,平均体积分数为14.5%㊂杂基主要包括黏土及泥质组分,平均体积分数约7.2%[29-30]㊂本次研究统计了砂岩的结构成熟度和成分成熟度,发现砂岩分选普遍为中等-较差,磨圆度大多为棱角状-次棱角状(图4)㊂砂岩成分成熟指数小于1,平均为0.89㊂总结起来,H Z 25转换斜坡三角洲砂体整体以低成熟岩屑砂岩为主,具有岩屑含量高的特点[30];对H A 2井主力砂体的3块重矿物样品分析可知,重矿物组合以白钛矿-锆石-石榴石为特征,可见榍石和辉石等不稳定矿物(图5);计算Z T R 指数平均值约为0.25,反映其近物源的沉积特征㊂601Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第5期陶文芳等:转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例a .转换带地貌及物源通道,物源主要是N E 向;b .砂体厚度等值线图;c .地震前积反射投影,前积优势方向为N E 向;d .能量半波长地震属性平面图,反映砂体分布形态图3 H Z 25转换斜坡古地貌-沉积体系-砂体含量对应关系F i g .3 C o u p l i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n a n c i e n t l a n d f o r m -s e d i m e n t a r y s y s t e m -s a n d b o d y co n t e n t (c )i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a mp图4 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡文昌组砂岩分选性(a )与磨圆性(b)F i g .4 S o r t i n g (a )a n d r o u n d n e s s (b )o f t h e s a n d s t o n e s o f t h e W e n c h a n g F o r m a t i o n i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p ,H u i z h o u S ag图5 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡文昌组HA 2井三角洲砂岩重矿物组合F i g .5 H e a v y m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s o f t h e d e l t a i c s a n d s t o n e s i n t h e W e n c h a n g Fo r m a t i o n o f t h e W e l l HA 2i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p ,H u i z h o u S a g3.2典型牵引流态粒度特征根据统计的粒度概率累计曲线,将其划分为一跳一悬式㊁两跳一悬式和三段式3种类型㊂跳跃总体(包括2个跳跃次总体)占主导,其曲线斜率为25ʎ701Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.h t t p s ://d z k j q b .c u g.e d u .c n 地质科技通报2023年~45ʎ,分选性中等,滚动组分体积分数低于25%(图6-a ),表明辫状河三角洲分流河道水道沉积物受到冲流和回流的双重影响㊂岩心样品C -M 图主要发育O -P -Q -R 段,C 值为1850μm ,M 值为800μm ,分选中等-较差,滚动组分与悬浮组分相混合,反映了典型牵引流态沉积结果(图6-b)㊂图6 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡文昌组粒度概率累计曲线(a )和C -M 图(b )(HA 2井)F i g .6 C u m u l a t i v e p r o b a b i l i t y c u r v e (a )a n d C -M g r a p h (b )o f t h e W e n c h a n g Fo r m a t i o n (W e l l HA 2)i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S aga .细砾岩,高角度交错层理:b .细砾岩,斜层理:c .含砾粗砂岩,块状层理;d .细砾岩,斜层理;e .粉砂岩,波状层理;f .含砾粗砂岩,高角度交错层理;g .细砾岩,交错层理;h .暗色块状泥岩;i .块状细砂岩;j.细砾岩,交错层理;k .具生物扰动的粉细砂岩;l .粗砂岩,高角度交错层理;m.细砾岩,斜层理㊁槽状交错层理及冲刷面;n .细砾岩及粗砂岩,冲刷面及正粒序;o .含砾粗砂岩,高角度斜层理图7 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积构造特征F i g .7 S e d i m e n t a r y s t r u c t u r e s o f t h e r e l a y z o n e c o n t r o l l e d b r a i d e d d e l t a i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g3.3多期冲刷及间断性正韵律通过岩心观察可知其岩性以细砾岩㊁含砾粗砂岩㊁粗砂岩为主;发育多期次冲刷面,高角度斜层理㊁砾石叠瓦状㊁楔状交错层理㊁波状层理等强牵引流态成因层理类型,少见块状层理(图7,8)㊂砾岩含量偏高,砾石成分为石英岩屑,砾石大小为2mmˑ3mm~3mmˑ4mm ,砾石普遍呈顺层或叠瓦状定向排布㊂多期次冲刷叠置㊁间断性正韵律较为普遍,单个正韵律厚度介于0.2~4m ,底部见冲刷面㊁大型交801Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第5期陶文芳等:转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例错层理,其砾岩含量高并呈定向排列㊂由于所受的水动力强度㊁沉积过程有差别,在研究区发现2种间断性的正韵律: 有泥 间断正韵律㊁ 无泥 间断正韵律两类㊂无泥 间断正韵律出现在细砾岩㊁砾质粗砂岩㊁中细砂岩中,发育大型的楔状交错层理㊁斜层理㊂H A 1井段(3784~3789.9m ,岩心长5.9m )由至少6个厚度不一的正韵律构成,单个旋回厚度为0.8~1.5m ,代表多期水下分流河道沉积(图8)㊂底部发育砾岩冲刷面,砾石大小介于2m mˑ3m m~3m mˑ4m m ,多为顺层排列㊂正韵律的沉积序列从下部到上部表现为冲刷面㊁斜层理细砾岩/含砾粗砂岩㊁楔状交错层理中粗砂岩㊁细粉砂岩,揭示了辫状河道叠置冲刷无泥岩夹层的强水动力沉积成因㊂图8 惠州凹陷HA 1和HA 2井辫状河三角洲岩心素描图(岩心照片编号a ~o 详见图7)F i g .8 C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f s e d i m e n t a r y s e q u e n c e o f d r i l l i n g c o r e i n b r a i d e d d e l t a d e po s i t s o f W e l l HA 1a n d HA 2,H u i z h o u S a g有泥 间断正韵律多发育于三角洲前缘水下分流河道中,岩性以含砾粗砂岩㊁中砂岩㊁泥质粉砂岩为主,常见中型交错层理,例如H A 2井取心段(3753.6~3778.3m ,岩心长14.7m )发育多期 有泥 正韵律㊂自下部的细砾岩㊁含砾粗砂岩到上部的泥质粉砂岩,两个正韵律之间常发育灰色泥岩与粉砂质泥岩,泥岩厚度为0.5~2m (图8),上覆砂岩与下伏泥岩之间为冲刷接触关系㊂3.4典型斜交前积地震响应通过三维地震解释发现,斜交前积地震反射是研究区最主要的前积结构;斜交前积相是由多组相对高角度倾斜的地震同向轴向前叠置而成,地震相以多个同相轴㊁中-弱振幅㊁中等连续性的地震反射为特征(图9)㊂解释前积测线网展布面积约45k m 2,前积优势方向为N E 向(图3-c),也反映了水流沿着N E 向转换斜坡携带碎屑物入湖的过程,最大推进距离近8k m ㊂研究区钻井均钻遇该套文昌组斜交前积地震相(图9),钻井测井信息均显示岩性粗㊁砂泥比高㊁水道较为发育的特征,是坡度大㊁水流作用强㊁沉积速率较快的辫状河三角洲沉积响应㊂3.5砂体规模小且厚度巨大研究区文昌组发育的辫状河三角洲受构造地形㊁湖平面变化的影响,具有多期次性,受N E 向叠置转换斜坡的控制作用,来自东沙隆起的碎屑物向洼陷区推进速度快,沉积速率也快,辫状河三角洲砂体厚度大,最大厚度可达350m ,厚度中心位于H Z 26西次洼,靠近转换斜坡及沟槽砂体厚度较大(厚度60~200m )(图3-b ,d)㊂地形坡度缓-中等(坡度小于3ʎ),砂体推进距离不大(最远约8k m ),三角洲形态为朵叶状;总体上砂岩比例高,平均含砂率约52%㊂901Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.h t t p s ://d z k j q b .c u g.e d u .c n 地质科技通报2023年图9 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲地震反射特征(地震测线A -A '和B -B '位置见图3-c)F i g .9 S e i s m i c r e f l e c t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g4 辫状河三角洲亚相及垂向演化结合研究区构造背景㊁物源供给㊁岩心㊁测井和地震等资料的综合研究,将H Z 25转换斜坡控制的粗粒辫状河三角洲分为辫状河三角洲平原和辫状河三角洲前缘两个亚相㊂4.1辫状河三角洲平原亚相辫状河三角洲平原亚相可细分为辫状河道和泛滥平原2类微相,地震反射剖面上为强振幅席状反射特征,主要分布于靠近转换斜坡和沟谷附近(图3)㊂由于近物源区,水动力强,以辫状河道微相沉积为主,偶夹薄层煤及褐色泥岩层㊂显示岩性为砾岩㊁含砾粗砂岩及中粗砂岩,砂体与上下呈突变接触关系,发育有大型的槽状交错层理㊁斜层理和板状交错层理,多期次的辫状河道叠置冲刷,表现为向上变细的间断性正韵律特征,泥岩夹层少且薄,自然伽马曲线(G R )呈箱型或微齿化箱型(图10),砂层厚度大(20~35m ),泛滥平原微相平均含砂率约75%(56%~84%)㊂4.2辫状河三角洲前缘亚相辫状河三角洲前缘亚相发育泥岩㊁中细砂岩㊁粗砂岩和少量含砾粗砂岩,在地震剖面上以中-弱振幅低频中连续的前积反射为主,主要分布在H Z 26西次洼区域(图4),含砂率30%~50%㊂其可以分为水下分流河道㊁河口坝和席状砂微相㊂(1)水下分流河道微相水下分流河道微相是辫状河三角洲前缘的重要沉积单元,发育槽状交错层理㊁波状层理,有大量虫孔构造(图7)㊂砂体厚度为5~10m ,在垂向上表现为 有泥 间断正韵律,底部发育冲刷面,且发育定向排列的细砾岩,向上则为中厚层状粗砂岩㊁中细砂岩,夹泥质粉砂岩和泥岩,测井相以锯齿化箱型㊁钟型和复合钟型为代表(图10)㊂(2)河口坝微相河口坝岩性以中细砂岩为主和少量含砾砂岩㊂由于水下分流河道的迁移,河口坝常常受到改造或破坏㊂岩屑录井剖面自下而上表现为细粉砂岩㊁中砂岩㊁粗砂岩的反韵律(厚度3~7m ),自然伽马曲线多为复合漏斗型或者漏斗型(图10)㊂(3)席状砂微相录井显示席状砂粒度较细,以厚度较薄(0.5~2m )的细粉砂岩为主,上下均以较厚的泥岩过渡,测井相以低幅度的指型为特征(图10)㊂文昌组大型辫状河三角洲总体上表现为湖泊范围不断扩大的沉积序列,自下而上辫状河道和水下分流河道规模减小,河口坝和席状砂出现频率增大(图11),反映湖平面上升和可容纳空间持续增大的沉积过程㊂11Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第5期陶文芳等:转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例图10 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡文昌组辫状河三角洲测井相特征F i g .10 L o g g i n g f a c i e s o f b r a i d -r i v e r d e l t a i c s y s t e m s o f t h e W e n c h a n g F o r m a t i o n i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S ag图11 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积微相演化剖面图(C o r e A 1和C o r e A 2岩心描述见图8)F i g .11 C r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e m i c r o f a i c e s e v o l u t i o n o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a s y s t e m i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g5 辫状河三角洲沉积与储集层的关系5.1储集层孔渗特征对研究区文昌组岩心样品的物性分析表明,孔隙度平均值为12%,71%样品的孔隙度分布在8%~16%区间(图12-a );渗透率分布区间为0.037ˑ10-3~184ˑ10-3μm 2,平均值为7.11ˑ10-3μm 2,占样品总数61.7%的渗透率集中于1ˑ10-3~10ˑ10-3μm 2区间(图12-b)㊂研究区辫状河三角洲整体为一套低孔㊁低渗储层㊂H A 1井三角洲平原孔隙度分布在4.8%~16.1%,平均值为9.4%,渗透率平均值为4.4ˑ10-3μm 2;三角洲前缘平均孔隙度14%(范围为4.2%~18.5%)和渗透率平均值为8.8ˑ10-3μm2(范围为0.037ˑ10-3~26.7ˑ10-3μm 2)㊂H A 2井三角洲平原储层的平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为11.1%和3.0ˑ10-3μm 2;三角洲前缘储层的平均孔隙度约12.5%,平均渗透率约7.5ˑ10-3μm 2(图13)㊂111Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.h t t p s ://d z k j q b .c u g.e d u .c n 地质科技通报2023年图12 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡辫状河三角洲储层孔隙度(a )和渗透率(b)频率分布F i g .12 H i s t o g r a m o f p o r o s i t y (a )a n d p e r m e a b i l i t y (b )o f t h e b r a i d e d d e l t a r e s e r v o i r i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p of t h e H u i z h o u S ag图13 惠州凹陷H Z 25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲不同亚相储层特征F i g .13 C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f r e s e r v o i r p r o p e r t i e s a n d p o r e s t r u c t u r e s i n d i f f e r e n t s e d i m e n t a r y su b f a c i e s o f b r a i d e d d e l t a s i n t h e H Z 25r e l a y r a m p o f t h e H u i z h o u S a g5.2沉积相带与储层物性粒度和分选性特征决定了原始孔隙结构,进而对后续成岩过程产生重要影响[31]㊂研究区辫状河三角洲前缘砂体粒度级别相似且杂基和泥质含量少,物性方面具有以下2个特点:①原始的沉积岩石结构好,初始孔渗性较好;后期成岩演化过程中可以减缓机械压实的不利因素,利于保留更多的原生孔隙[32];②良好的原始岩石结构容易与外界酸性流体连通,利于形成高效的次生连通型溶蚀孔隙(图13)㊂对研究区辫状河三角洲储层样品孔渗结构的分析表明,沉积相带与储层物性关系密切㊂辫状河三211Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.第5期陶文芳等:转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征:以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例角洲前缘物性优于三角洲平原,三角洲前缘储层分选好于三角洲平原储层,三角洲前缘储层的孔隙组合以显孔-原生孔为主,孔隙连通性较好;三角洲平原储层的孔隙组合以微孔或微孔-显孔组合为主,压汞曲线显示排驱压力高㊁细尾度的特征,分选差,孔隙结构差㊂例如H A2井三角洲前缘样品(深度为3755.19m)与三角洲平原样品(深度为3776 m),虽然2个样品的孔隙度均在15%左右,但前者的渗透率为17.7ˑ10-3μm2,远大于后者(4.38ˑ10-3μm2),孔隙结构差异较大(图13):前者分选较好,孔隙类型以显孔为主,含部分原生孔隙,孔隙结构好;而后者虽然孔隙度较大,但溶孔中含有大量的黏土矿物,阻塞喉道导致渗透率较低,孔隙连通性差㊂6结论(1)H Z25转换斜坡是由同向的2条边界断层叠覆而形成的转换斜坡,坡度较缓-中等(小于3ʎ);该区位于湖盆陡坡带,紧邻东沙隆起物源,物源供给能力强且持续,受地形和湖平面影响的联合控制,形成大型转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲体系㊂(2)转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲具有粒度粗㊁近物源供给㊁以岩屑砂体组分为主的特征;粒度概率曲线显示典型牵引流沉积特征,常见多期次冲刷面㊁大型楔状交错层理及正韵律,地震反射以高角度的斜交前积结构为特征㊂(3)辫状河三角洲砂体总厚度大,呈扇形展布,面积较小,约45k m2,集中分布于H Z26西次洼地貌低势区,最大推进距离约8k m;不同时期受湖平面波动变化导致三角洲具有多期发育的特征,造成厚层三角洲砂体相带窄且变化的特征㊂(4)研究区辫状河三角洲整体为一套低孔㊁低渗储层㊂辫状河三角洲前缘储层由于含杂基且泥质少,分选改造中等,以显孔-原生孔为主,孔隙连通性较好,是油气优先勘探评价的对象㊂(所有作者声明不存在利益冲突)参考文献:[1] D a h l s t r o m C D A.S t r u c t u r a l g e o l o g y i n t h e e a s t e r n m a r g i n o ft h e C a n a d i a n R o c k y M o u n t a i n[J].B u l l e t i n o f C a n a d i a n P e t r o-l e u m G e o l o g y,1970,18(3):332-406.[2] M o r l e y C K,N e l s o n R A,P a t t o n T L,a t a l.T r a n s f e r z o n e s i nt h e E a s t A f r i c a n F i f t s y s t e m a n d t h e i r r e l e v a n c e t o h y d r o c a r-b o n e x p l o r a t i o n i n r i f t s[J].A A P G B u l l e t i n,1990,74(8):1234-1253.[3] G a w t h o r p e R L,H u r s t J M.T r a n s f e r z o n e s i n e x t e n s i o n a l b a-s i n s:T h e i r s t r u c t u r a l s t y l e a n d i n f l u e n c e o n d r a i n a g e d e v e l o p-m e n t a n d s t r a t i g r a p h y[J].J o u r n a l o f t h e G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y, 1993,150(6):1137-1152.[4]漆家福.裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):43-50.Q i J F.S t r u c t u r a l t r a n s f e r z o n e s a n d s i g n i f i c a n c e f o r h y d r o c a r-b o n ac c u m u l a t i o n i n r i f t i n g b a s i n s[J].M a r i n e O r i g i n P e t r o l e-u m G e o l o g y,2007,12(4):43-50(i n C h i n e s e w i t h E n g l i s h a b-s t r a c t).[5]梁富康,于兴河,慕小水,等.东濮凹陷南部沙三中段构造调节带对沉积体系的控制作用[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):55-61.L i a n g F K,Y u X H,M u X S,e t a l.A c c o mm o d a t i o n z o n e s a n d t h e i r c o n t r o l s o n d e p o s i t i o n a l s y s t e m i n t h e m i d d l e o f T h i r d M e m b e r o f S h a h e j i e F o r m a t i o n,s o u t h o f D o n g p u S a g[J].G e o-s c i e n c e,2011,25(1):55-61(i n C h i n e s e w i t h E n g l i s h a b s t r a c t).[6]白小鸟,焦养泉.伸展盆地的转换斜坡:控制储层发育与烃类运聚的重要构造单元[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(6):44-54.B a i X N,J i a o Y Q.R e l a y r a m p i n e x t e n s i o n a l b a s i n s:A n i m-p o r t a n t s t r u c t u r e o f r e s e r v o i r d e p o s i t i o n a n d h y d r o c a r b o n m i-g r a t i o n o r a c c u m u l a t i o n[J].G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g yI n f o r m a t i o n,2011,30(6):44-54(i n C h i n e s e w i t h E n g l i s h a b-s t r a c t).[7] P e a c o c k D C P.P r o p a g a t i o n,i n t e r a c t i o n a n d l i n k a g e i n n o r m a lf a u l t s y s t e m s[J].E a r t h-S c i e n c e R e v i w s,2002,58:121-142.[8] T r u d g i l l B D.S t r u c t u r a l c o n t r o l s o n d r a i n a g e d e v e l o p m e n t i nt h e C a n y o n l a n d s g r a b e n s o f s o u t h e a s t U t a h[J].A A P G B u l l e-t i n,2002,86(6):1095-1112.[9] Y o u n g M J,G a w t h o r p e R L,S h a r p I R.S e d i m e n t o l o g y a n d s e-q u e n c e s t r a t i g r a p h y o f a t r a n s f e r z o n e c o a r s e-g r a i n e d d e l t a,M i-o c e n e S u e z R i f t,E g y p t[J].S e d i m e n t o l o g y,2000,47(6):1081-1104.[10]Y o u n g M J,G a w t h o r p e R L,S h a r p I R.A r c h i t e c t u r e a n d e v o l u-t i o n o f s y n-r i f t c l a s t i c d e p o s i t i o n a l s y s t e m s t o w a r d s t h e t i p o f a m a j o r f a u l t s e g m e n t,S u e z R i f t,E g y p t[J].B a s i n R e a r c h,2002, 14(1):1-23.[11]S o h n Y K,S o n M.S y n r i f t s t r a t i g r a p h i c g e o m e t r y i n a t r a n s f e rz o n e c o a r s e-g r a i n e d d e l t a c o m p l e x,M i o c e n e P o h a n g B a s i n,S E K o r e a[J].S e d i m e n t o l o g y,2004,51(6):1387-1408. 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改回日期:200326213;责任编辑:宫月萱。
第一作者:金博,1974年生,在读博士研究生,研究方向为油气成藏机理与分布;E 2mail :jnbo @ 。
沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布金 博1) 刘 震1) 张荣新2) 郭 锋2)1)石油大学石油天然气成藏机理教育部重点实验室,北京,102249;2)中国石油测井总公司长庆事业部,甘肃兰州,745100摘 要 在沉积盆地油气勘探过程中,异常压力与油气聚集的关系愈显密切,而异常压力不仅仅是指异常高压,国内外在发现许多异常高压油气藏的同时,也发现了相当数量的异常低压油气藏,而且异常低压在世界许多盆地中均有分布。
因此,深入研究异常低压的形成机理及与油气分布的关系,同样重要和不容忽视。
本文介绍了异常低压的概念、特征和分类,详细分析了异常低压的形成机制:地层剥蚀卸载后的弹性回返(反弹)作用、流体的供排不平衡、轻烃的扩散作用、断裂和不整合面的压力释放作用、渗透作用和温度变化等;最后论述了异常低压与油气分布的关系。
关键词 异常低压(负压) 剥蚀卸载 弹性回返 油气分布The Anomalous Low Pressure (N egative Pressure)and H ydrocarbon Accumulation in a Sedimentary B asinJ IN Bo 1) L IU Zhen 1) ZHAN G Rongxin 2) GUO Feng 2)1)Key L aboratory f or Hydrocarbon Accum ulation ,Pet roleum U niversity ,Beiji ng ,102249;2)Changqi ng Depart ment ,Chi na N ational L oggi ng Com pany ,Changqi ng ,Gansu ,745100Abstract With the development of petroleum exploration ,many abnormal overpressure fields and negative pressure fields were found in the world.The negative pressure and hydrocarbon accumulation are quite important in oil and gas exploration.In this paper ,the authors describe the basic concept ,features and classification of negative pressure and discuss in detail its formation mechanism ,which includes rebound with uplifting and erosion ,low recharge rates of liquid ,diffusion of unstable hydrocarbon ,pressure release of the fault and surface unconformity ,permeable strata and decrease of temperature.The mechanism of negative pressure in oil 2and gas 2bearing basins and the relationship between negative pressure and hydrocarbon accumulation are also discussed.The formation of neg 2ative pressure compartments controls petroleum migration and accumulation.The negative pressure system indicates that the oil and gas pools are secondary.It opens a new exploration field for secondary oil and gas reservoirs and deep basin gas in the sedimentary basin.K ey w ords low pressure (negative pressure ) uplift and erosion rebound hydrocarbon accumulation 在沉积盆地中,作用于孔隙流体上的地层压力通常表现为3种类型:常压(等于静水压力)、超压(大于静水压力)和低压(低于静水压力),后二者统称为异常压力。
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组烃源岩17α(H)-重排藿烷的组成及分布研究邹贤利;陈世加;路俊刚;张海;王力;周世颖【摘要】以鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组下油层组烃源岩及储层抽提物为研究对象,探讨了17α(H)-重排藿烷和18α(H)-新藿烷系列化合物的分布规律、影响因素及在石油地质中的应用.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相烃源岩普遍分布170t(H)-C30重排藿烷(C30DiaH),但研究区各层烃源岩之间C30DiaH的相对丰度存在明显差异,深湖相缺氧环境的长7烃源岩相对丰度较低,而浅湖-半深湖相偏氧化环境的长7-长9黑色泥岩具有高-异常高的C30DiaH.Ts、C29Ts、早洗脱重排藿烷与C30DiaH之间表现出良好的正相关关系,说明在研究区重排藿烷类化合物可能与新藿烷系列具有相同的演化路径与形成机制.环境的氧化还原性和陆源的有机物来源等可能是制约17α(H)-重排藿烷相对丰度的主要因素,因此,不同油层组原油的17α(H)-重排藿烷相对丰度受到烃源岩的影响,用17α(H)-重排藿烷参数能很好地把研究区原油区分开来,为延长组不同油层的油源精细对比、油气富集规律和油气勘探提供可靠依据.%Based on the analysis of source rock and reservoir extracts in the lower part of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,North Shaanxi,this paper describes the distribution rules,influencing factors and applications in petroleum geology of 17α(H)-diahopane and 17α(H)-neohopane.Relatively high abundances of 17α(H)-C30diahopane(C30DiaH) were detected in black mudstone,while various types of 17α(H)-diahopane were observed in different hydrocarbon source rocks of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.The results showed that the black mudstone was deposited under anoxic condition of semi-deep or deep lacustrine facies has a low abundance of C30DiaH in the Chang-7 member.By comparison,the black mudstones with moderate-high abundances of C30DiaH in Chang-7 member to Chang-9 member were deposited under suboxic condition of shallow to semi-deep lacustrine facies.The extracts of black mudstones have moderate to high contents of C30DiaH with the high abundances of Ts,C29Ts and early-elution rearranged hopane,so the novel series of rearranged hopanes possibly has the same path and formation mechanism.The high concentrations of17α(H)-diahopane may have relationship with the sedimentary environment and organic matter type.Therefore,according to the relative abundances of 17α(H)-diahopanes,the correlation between oil and source rocks was carrie d out in terms of 17α(H)-diahopane parameters.The geochemical significance of 17α(H)-diahopane lies in the fact that the oil-source correlation of the study area can be effectively solved,thus contributing to a better understanding of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation mechanisms and providing a better model for further petroleum exploration.【期刊名称】《地球化学》【年(卷),期】2017(046)003【总页数】10页(P252-261)【关键词】重排藿烷;烃源岩;沉积环境;油源对比;延长组;鄂尔多斯盆地【作者】邹贤利;陈世加;路俊刚;张海;王力;周世颖【作者单位】西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500;西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500;四川省天然气地质重点实验室,四川成都610500;西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500;四川省天然气地质重点实验室,四川成都610500;西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500;西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500;西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川成都610500【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P5930 引言重排藿烷类是指碳环骨架与正常藿烷相同、而甲基侧链碳位有所不同的一类生物标志化合物, 在源岩和原油中发现多种同系物[13]-, 其中主要包括碳数为 C29—C34的17α(H)-重排藿烷系列、18α(H)-新藿烷系列(C29Ts)和早洗脱重排藿烷(early-elution rearranges hopane)[45]-, 其中17α(H)-重排藿烷和18α(H)-新藿烷系列在地质体中分布广泛。
矿物加工工艺学(浮选部分)英文词汇floatation 浮选froth flotation 泡沫浮选direct flotation 正浮选reverse flotation 反浮选fineness of grinding 磨矿细度fractionation 分级mineral wettability 矿物润湿性mineral flotability 矿物的可浮性equilibrium contact angle 平衡接触角three phase interface 三相界面hydrophobicity of mineral 矿物的疏水性hydrophilicity of mineral 矿物的亲水性foam adhesion泡沫附着ionic lattice 离子晶格covalence lattice共价晶格surface inhomogeneity 表面的不均匀性oxidation and dissolution 氧化与溶解oxidizing agent 氧化剂reduction agent 还原剂surface modification of mineral 矿物的表面改性electric double layer 双电层ionization 电离adsorption 吸附electrokinetic potential电动电位point of zero charge 零电点isoelectric point 等电点collecting agent 捕收剂semi micelle adsorption 半胶束吸附exchange adsorption 交换吸附competitive adsorption 竞争吸附specific adsorption 特性吸附modifying agent 调整剂depressant 抑制剂activating agent 活化剂foaming agent 起泡剂hydrophilic group 亲水基团liberation degree 解离度polar group 极性基团nonpolar group 非极性基团sulphide ore 硫化矿物oxidized mineral 氧化矿物xanthate 黄药hydrolysis 水解medicamentous selectivity药剂的选择性catchment action捕收作用electrochemical action 电化学作用pyrite 黄铁矿calcite 方解石alkyl radical 烃基含氧酸organic amine 有机胺类carboxylate surfactant 羧酸盐kerosene 煤油amphoteric collector 两性两捕收剂alkyl radical sulfonate 烃基磺酸盐complex 络合物pH modifying agent pH调整剂long-chain molecule 长链分子chalcopyrite 黄铜矿galena 方铅矿blende 闪锌矿oxidized ore 氧化矿flocculant 絮凝剂non-hydronium flocculant 非离子型絮凝剂desorption 解吸air bladder 气泡solubility 溶解度specific surface area 比表面积mineral resources 矿源three phase air bladder 三相气泡ore magma electric potential 矿浆电位mixed potential model 混合电位模型freedom hydrocarbon diversification 自由烃变化electrostatic pull 静电引力intermolecular force 分子间力goethite 针铁矿semi micelle adsorption 半胶束吸附concentration of solution 溶液浓度flotation machine浮选机oxygenation 充气作用recovery 回收率concentrate grade 精矿品位handling capacity 处理能力air bladder collision气泡碰撞flotation column 浮选柱ore concentration dressing 富集作用floatation process 浮选工艺floatation speed 浮选速率flotation circuit 浮选流程granularity 粒度degree of fineness 细度pulp density 矿浆浓度water quality 水质backwater 回水middlings 中矿run of mine 原矿gangue 脉矿flotation principle flow浮选原则流程rate of divergence 分散程度dispersant 分散剂semiconductivity of mineral矿物半导性reagent removal agent 脱药剂矿物加工工艺学(重选部分)英文词汇gravity concentration 重力选矿Abkhazite 透闪石棉Amiantus 石棉acceptance operation 矿石预选Acclivity 斜面airborne dust 大气浮尘air conveying 风力输送amplitude of vibration 振幅ancillary mineral 伴生矿物apparent viscosity 视粘度artificial bedding 人工床层attle 废石average grain diameter 平均粒径axial motion 轴向运动backwash water 冲洗水backwater筛下水barite 菱镁蛇纹岩barren rock 脉石beach ore 砂矿bed separation 分层bevel angle 倾斜角buddle 淘洗盘buddle jig 动筛跳汰机buoyancy 浮力buoyant weight 悬浮重量Caplastometer 粘度计Centipoises 厘泊Centrifugal field 离心力场Centrifugal jig 离心跳汰机Circular 圆形跳汰机Centrifuge 离心机Classification efficiency 分级效率Classifier 分级机Classifier overflow 分级机溢流Classifier sand 分级机返砂Close sizing 窄级分级Claster of particles 颗粒群Coarse feed 粗粒给料Cyclone 水力旋流器Cassiterite 锡石Dilated 松散床层dimensionless parameter 无因次参数duplex table 双层摇床diaphragm jig 隔膜跳汰机dwindles out 尖灭film concentration 流膜选矿final velocity 末速度free settling particle 自由沉降颗粒free settling ratio 自由沉降比gravity concentrate 重选精矿gravity tailings 重选尾矿galena 方铅矿iron ore pellet 铁矿球团jig cycle 跳汰周期heavy liquid 重液heavy-media separator 重介质分选heavy-media suspension 重介质悬浮液hydraulic analysis 水力分析high-weir spiral classifier 高堰式螺旋分级机hindered settling 干涉沉降HMS-flotation method 重介质浮选联合分选Hydrocyclone 水力旋流器Laundering 溜槽选矿low- weir spiral classier 低堰式螺旋分级机medium recovery screen 介质回收筛meerschaum 海泡石menachanite 钛铁砂outer vortex 外螺旋线particle diameter 颗粒直径particle shape 颗粒形状particle size accumulation 粒度累积曲线partition size 分离粒度jigging 跳汰选矿regenerated dense medium 重介质再生sand table 矿砂摇床scalping screen 脱介筛setting vessel 沉降速度shaking table 摇床sieve compartment 筛网室simplex spiral 单螺旋分级机sinusoidal wave 单层摇床sizing analysis 粒度分析silica 硅石spherical particle 球形颗粒spheroid 似球形spindle 针状形spiral chute 螺旋溜槽spiral concentrator 螺旋选矿机stiction 静摩擦submerged spiral type classifler 沉没式分级机suction bailer 吸入作用table 摇床table riffle 摇床格条table circuit 摇床流程table tailing 摇床尾矿table flotation 台浮talcum 滑石taraspite 白云石wedge angle 锥角(100) weight 重力矿物加工工艺学(磁电选矿部分)英文词汇Mineral Processing Technology 矿物加工工艺学Principle of magnetism process 磁选原理Magnetic force 磁力Ratio magnetic force 比磁力Compete force 竞争力Mineral magnetism 矿物的磁性Atomic magnetism moment 原子磁矩Molecular magnetism moment 分子磁矩Magnetization & magnetic field 磁化和磁化磁场Magnetization intensity 磁化强度Ratio susceptibility 比磁化系数Diamagnetism 逆磁性Paramagnetism 顺磁性Ferromagnetism 铁磁性Magnetic domain 磁畴Revers ferromagnetism 反铁磁性Subferromagnetism 亚铁磁性Coercive force 矫顽力Remanence 剩磁Magnetization roasting 磁化焙烧Deoxidization roasting 还原焙烧Midlle roasting 中性焙烧Oxidation roasting 氧化焙烧Siderite 菱铁矿Hematite 赤铁矿Magnetite 磁铁矿Unhydrophite magnetization 疏水磁化Magnetic process equipment 磁选设备Feebleness magnetic separation machine 弱磁场磁选机Dry magnetic separation machine 干式磁选机Wet feebleness magnetic separation machine 湿式弱磁场磁选机High magnetic separation machine 强磁场磁选机High grads magnetic sparation machine 高梯度磁选机Supercondduct magnetic separation 超导电选Concentrator 选矿机Electrity process 电选Electrity concentrator 电选机Static separation 静电选矿Air-ionization separation 电晕分选Friction electric separation 摩擦电选Magnetic process practice 磁选实践Nonmetal ore 非金属矿Diamond process 金刚石选矿Heavy medium reclaim 重介质回收Primary concentrate 粗精矿Graphite gangue 石墨尾矿Kaolin magnetic process 高岭土磁选Block metal ore 黑色金属矿石Manganese ore magnetic process 锰矿石磁选Coloured metal & rare metal 有色金属和稀有金属Ilmenite 钛铁矿Rutile 金红石Zircon 锆英石Electric process practice 电选实践Tungstate 钨酸盐cassiterite 锡石hematite 赤铁矿gangue 脉石,废石,矸石magnet 磁铁,磁体,磁石conductor mineral 导体矿物silicate 硅酸盐diatomite 硅藻土hysteresis 磁滞现象magnetic core . 磁铁芯winding 绕组,线圈medium 介质electrophoresis 电泳screening 筛分magnetic field 磁场flux 磁通量ferromagnet 铁磁物质ferromagnetism 铁磁性reunite 团聚magnetic system 磁系magnetic agitate 磁搅动permanent magnet 永久磁铁solenoid magnet 螺管式磁铁pyrite 黄铁矿,硫铁矿limonite 褐铁矿reluctivity 磁阻率conduct 传导induce 诱导,感应,归纳astrict 束缚charge 电荷electric field .电场interfacial 界面的,面间的magnetism 吸引力electrode 电极,电焊条,电极Strontium & iron oxid 锶铁氧体Periodic magnetic field 交变磁场Pulsant magnetic field 脉动磁场Saturation 饱和stainless steel material 不锈钢材料polar distance 极距mica 云母quarte 石英stimulate magnetism 激磁magnetism circuit 磁路magnetic line of force 磁力线commutate quality 整流性Flatation reagent professional wordsAbsorption 吸收Absorption band 吸收光谱带Abstract 抽出,提取Abundance 丰富,丰度Accelerant 促进剂Acceptance 验收,接收Accumulate 积累,聚集Accuracy 准确度Acctate 醋酸盐Acctamide 乙酰胺Acid 酸,酸的Acid anion 酸性阴离子Acidation 酸化Acid depression 加酸抑制Acid hydrolysis 加酸水解Acintol 妥尔油制品Acrylic amide丙烯酰胺Activate 活化Activated adsorption活性吸附Activated molecule 活化分子Activated effect 活化作用Activator 活化剂,活性剂Acto 精制石油磺酸钠Acylamide 酰胺Addition 加添Adhere 粘附,附着Adhesion coefficient粘着系数Adhesive粘合剂Adhesive tension胶结张力界面吸引力Adion 吸附离子Adsorbate 吸附物Adsorbent 吸附剂Adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Adsorption layer吸附层Aero 美国氰胺公司的药剂品牌号Aerofloat 美国氰胺公司的黑药牌号Aerofloc 絮凝剂牌号Aerofroth 起泡剂牌号Aeromine 阳离子型表面活性剂Aero promoter促进剂牌号Aerosol 润湿剂牌号Aerosurf MG-98A 醚胺醋酸盐Agglomerant 团聚的凝结剂Agglomeration flotation团聚浮选Aggregate of large molecules大分子团Aiv-avid亲气的Aiv-mineral adhesion空气-矿物粘附Alamine胺的牌号Alcohol醇Alcohol frother 醇类起泡剂Aliphat- 妥尔油脂肪酸牌号Aliphatic alcohol 脂肪醇Aliphatic acid 脂肪酸Aliphatic amine 脂肪胺Aliphatic dydrocarbon脂肪烃Aliquat苯胺盐牌号Alkali 碱Alkaliuity 碱度,碱性Alkane 链烷,烷烃Alkoxy- 烷氧基Alkoxyamine 烷氧胺Alkoxy benzene烷氧基苯Alkyl- 烷基Alkyl alcohol sulfate 烷基醇硫酸盐Alkylamine 脂肪胺Alkylarsonic acid 烷基砷酸Alkylarylsulfonate 烷基芳基磺酸盐Aldyl hydroxamic acid 烷基羟污酸Alkyl phosphate 烷基磷酸盐Alkyl sodium sulfonate 烷基磺酸钠All-flotation approach 全浮处理法Allowance 允许,公差All-purpose 通用的Amine 胺的牌号Amino-acid 氨基酸Ammonia 氨Amphateric 两性的Amphoteric surfactant 两性表面活性剂Starch 淀粉Analysis 分析Angle角,角度Anion 阴离子Anion collector 捕收剂Anode 阳极,正极Anti-corrosive coating 防腐浮层Antifoamer 消泡剂Apparent hardness 表现硬度Applicability 活用性,适应性Aqua ion 水合离子Aquation 水合作用Armeen 胺的牌号Arosurf MG醚胺的牌号Affached bubble 粘附气泡Bagolax 甲基纤维素Barrett 煤焦杂酚油牌号Benzyl alcohol 苯甲醇Bromoform 溴仿,三溴甲烷Bubble 气泡,泡沫Bubbler 气泡器Butyl 丁基Butyl aerofoat丁基黑药Calcium oxide 氧化钙Capillary 毛细管,毛细作用Carbitol 卡必醇Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Cation 阳离子Cationic collector 阳离子捕收Cellulosice CMC 羧甲基纤维素Charge 电荷,充电Chelate 螯合物Chelate effect 螯合效应Chelation group 螯合基团Chemical adsorption 化学吸附Chemical ore processing 化学选矿Chloro acetic acid 氯乙酸Cohesion 粘结力凝聚力Collector 捕收剂Colloid 胶体Creosote oil杂酚油Critical PH value 临界PH值Concentrate grade精矿品位Concentration 精选、富集Cyanide 氰化物Daxad 烷基磺酸钠Deflocculator 反絮凝剂Defoamer 消泡剂Dehydrating agent 脱水剂Dehydrogenation 脱氧Delamine 妥尔油胺Dense liqued 重液Depressant 抑制剂Desorbent 解吸剂Deslimie 脱泥Desludging agent 脱泥剂Dicarboxylic acid 二羟酸Dodecylamine 十二胺,月桂胺Dodecylalcohol 十二烷醇Dodecyl amine-hydrochloride十二胺盐酸盐Dresinate 松脂酸皂捕收剂Dual cleaning 二重精选Duponol 烷基硫酸钠牌号Dust-allaying medium 防尘剂Dynamic balance 动态平衡Efficiency 效率,功效Electrochemical approach 电化学处理法Electro-kinetic potential 动电势Electrostatic attraction 静电吸引Emulsifying agent乳化剂Extract 提取,萃取Ferric sulfate 硫酸铁Flotation 浮选矿物加工工艺常用词汇(一)1选矿-Mineral separation (ore dressing) 2设计-Design3工艺-Process (craftwork)4初步设计-Initiative(preliminary) design5流程-Flow(circuit)6流程图-flowsheet7施工设计-working design8设计方案-design project 9粉碎-comminution 10 磨矿-grinding11浮选-flotation 12脱水-dehydration13干燥车间-drying shop 14尾矿-tailing15精矿-concentrate 16中矿-middles17精选-concentration18粗选-first concentration20选矿机-concentrator21矿浆ore pulp22分级-classification22磨矿-grinding23磨矿机-grinding mills24筛分-screen25粉碎-crush26筛分机-screener27粉碎机-crusher28颚式粉碎机-jaw crusher29圆锥粉碎机-cone crusher30冲击式粉碎机impact crusher31辊式粉碎机-crusher rolls32球磨机-ball mill33棒磨机-rod mill34自磨机-autogenous mills35震动筛-vibratory screener36分级机-classification equipment 37浮选-flotation38浮选机-flotation equipment39重选- gravity concentration40特殊选-special selection41 浮选柱-flotation column 42脱水机-spin-drier43干燥机-drier44总图-general chart45配置-deploy46运输-transport47环境保护-environment protect48场址-field location(site)49布置-lay50设计资料-design information51粉碎流程-comminution flow52磨矿流程-grinding flow(circuit) 53浮选流程-flotation flow54金属矿-metallic mines55非金属矿-non-metallic mines56闭路-close circuit(loop)57闭路流程-close flow58开路-cut circuit(loop)59开路流程-cut flow60废水-liquid waste61粉尘-powder62噪声-yawp63污染-contamination64沉淀-form sediment65净化-decontaminate66输送-transportation 67矿石-ore68物料-material69给矿-feed ores70给料-feed stuff71设备-equipment72方案-project73标高-elevation74通道-passage75维修-maintain76检查-check77操作-operation78化验-test、assay79检测-examine80坡度-gradient81起重机-crane82堆积-accumulation83细粒-granule、fine84粗粒-coarse85尾矿坝-tailing dam86矿仓-feed bin(storehouse)87粉矿仓-crushing pocket88产品仓-product bin(storehouse)89砂泵-pump90立式泵-stand pump91卧式泵-horizontal pump92耐酸泵-acid-proof pump93耐碱泵-alkali-resistant pump94勘察-reconnaissance95地形-landform96工程-engineering97设计步骤design process98规模-scale99选矿厂-concentrating mill 100设计内容design content(二)1 comminution-粉碎2 comminution engineering-粉碎工程3粉碎机-comminuter4粉碎动力学-comminution kinetics5筛分曲线图-screen analysis chart 6筛孔-screen aperture7筛面-screen area8筛条screen bar9筛框-screen box10筛选厂-screen building11筛分机生产能力screen capacity12筛分槽-screen cell13筛布-screen cloth14筛分screen classification15筛孔-screen hole16筛分车间-screenhouse17筛分分析-screen analysis18滚筒筛-screening-drum19筛分效率-screening efficiency 20筛分速率-screening rate21筛网-screen mesh 22筛制、筛比、筛序-screen scale23筛孔尺寸-screen size 24套筛-screen set25筛序-screen size gradation 26筛余物screen tailings27筛下产品-screen throughs28可碎性crushability29可碎性系数-crushability factor 30碎矿仓-crushed ore pocket31粉碎产品-crushed product 32粉碎粒度-crusher size33粉碎腔-crushing cavity 34粉碎厂-crushing plant35粉碎系数-crushing coefficient 36粉碎工段-crushiong section37助磨剂-grinding aid 38磨球-grinding ball39 磨矿负荷-grinding charge 40磨矿效率-grinding efficiency41磨矿-grinding ore 42磨砾-grinding pebble43磨碎能力-grinding property 44研磨试验grinding test45磨矿设备-grinding unit 46磨矿速度-grinding rate47磨矿功率-grinding power 48磨矿车间-grinding plant49可磨性-grindability 50可磨性指数-grindability index51可磨性指标-grindability rating 52可磨性试验-grindability test53研磨工-grinder 54磨工车间-grindery55磨矿动力学-grinding kinetics 56粉碎能-crushing energy57粉碎机给矿口-crushing mouth 58粉碎面-crushing face59粉碎力-crushing force 60粉碎机进料口-crusher throat61筛分动力学-screen kinetics 62选厂矿仓-mill bin63 选厂中矿mill chats 64选厂配置mill configuration65磨过的矿石-milled ore 66磨机给料-mill feeder67选厂给矿-mill-head 68研磨作用-milling action69磨机衬里mill liner 70入选品位milling grade71入选品位矿石milling-grade ore 72磨矿机milling-grinder73细碎、精磨-milling grinding 74磨矿介质-milling medium75磨矿法-milling method 76选矿作业-milling operation77选矿厂-milling plant 78选厂矿泥-milling slime79选厂厂址-mill site 80磨机负荷-mill load81选矿工(工长)millan 82磨机需用功率-mill power draft83选矿质量控制mill puality control 84选矿取样-mill sampling85磨机外壳-mill shell 86磨机矿浆-mill slurries87磨石-millstone 88选矿厂储矿仓mill-storage89选厂尾矿-mill tail 90选矿用水-mill water91磨矿机溶液-mill solution 92选矿厂建筑师-millwright93分级沉淀-class setting 94矿粉-mineral fine95分级-classification 96分级溢流-classifier overflow97分级返砂-classifier sand 98分级机-classifier99分级筛-classifying screen 100分级箱-classifying box(三)1品位-grade 2精矿品位-concentrate grade3尾矿品位-tailing grade 4尾矿场-tail area(pile)5尾矿仓-tailing bin 6尾矿滤饼-tailing cake7尾矿坝-tailing dam 8尾矿池-tailing pond(pit)9取样-taking cut(sampling) 10滑石talc11蓝晶石-talc blue12 试样缩分-sample division13 分样器-sample divider 14精矿取样-concentrate sampling15中矿取样-middles sampling16尾矿取样-tailing sampling17浓缩-thickening18精矿浓缩-concentrate thickening19选矿流程-concentrating circuit20精选机-concentrating mcching21试样缩分-sample reduction (splitting)22矿物组成-mineralcomposition23矿物组分-mineral constituent24矿床-mineral depost25矿物-mineral26选矿方法mineral dressing method27选矿厂-concentrating mill28选矿ore dressing,mineral separation29矿物分析-mineral analysis30矿物组合-mineral association31 试样袋-sample sack32矿床-deposit33矿物岩相facies34矿物纤维-mineral fiber35固、气界面-mineral-air interface36固、液界面-mineral-water interface37固、气、液接触mineral-air-water contact 38矿物颗粒-grain39矿物鉴定-mineral identification40矿物资源-interest41矿物解离-mineralliberation42矿物特性mineral character43矿物储量-mineral reserve44矿物(成分)检验mineral logical examination 45扑收剂-Minerec,flotigan,46精矿回收率concentrate recovery47中矿回收率middles recovery48精选concentration49附着精矿气泡concentratr-loaded bubble50精选机-concentrating maching51分选判据-concentration criterion52富集比-concentration factor53选矿摇床-concentration table54选厂流程concentrator flow5选厂流程图concentrator flow sheet56试样品位-sample grade57絮凝剂-flocculant58絮凝-floculate59絮凝物-flocs60絮凝浮选floc flotation61絮凝作用flocculation62浮选机flotation unit63浮选剂- flotation agent64整排浮选机flotation bank 65浮选槽- flotation cell66浮选能力flotation capacity67浮选精矿- flotation concentrate68浮选尾矿flotation rejects69浮选中矿- flotation middles70浮选设备flotation equipment71浮选泡沫-flotation froth72浮选动力学flotation kinetics73浮选浸出法- flotation leaching method74浮选厂flotation mill75浮选油-flotation oil76浮选矿浆- flotation pulp77浮选速度-flotation rate78浮选试验flotation test79单槽浮选机- flotation unit cell80浮选摇床- flotation table81摇床浮选- flotation tabling82起泡剂Flotol83流程图-flow line84工艺流程图-flow process chart (flow sheet)85可选(洗)性-washability86可选性特性- washability characteristic87可选性曲线- washability curve88可选性指数- washability number89可选性试验- washability test90可浮性-flotability91可浮性曲线-flotability curve92粒度特性-granularity93粒度分级试验grading test94结构-texture95构造-tectonic(structural)96致密结构-compact texture97斑状结构porphyritic texture98 粒度分析-granularmetric analysis99采样-sample collecting100分样器-sample divider1矿石Ore2可选性 Separability3地质 Geology4 选厂Concentrating mills5勘探Prospecting6脉石Gangue7选别方法Concentrating methods 8脉石矿物Gangue mineral9矿产资源Minerals resources10矿物Mineral11试样 Sample12取样Assay Sampling13制样Preparation of samples14矿床Deposit 15矿样Mineral samples 16矿物学Mineralogy 17物质组成Material composition 18化学分析Chemical analysis 19结构Texture 20氧化矿Oxide ore 21硫化矿Sulfide ore 22金属矿物Metallic mineral 23非金属矿物Nonmetallic mineral 24石墨Graphite 25破碎Comminution 26颚式粉碎机Jaw crushers 27对辊机Roll crushers 28筛分Screening 29混合矿石Mixed ores 30粒度Particle size 31粒度分析Particle size analysis 32选别产品Concentrating products 33筛分试样Screening samples 34爆破Blow 35采矿Mining 36粗粒Coarse-grain 37细粒Fine-grain 38矿浆Ore pulp 39矿浆浓度Pulp density 40 矿石特性Ore characteristics 41结构特性Texture characteristics 42矿物分析Mineral analysis 43物相分析Phase analysis 44光谱分析Spectrum analysis 45可磨性Grindability 46硅酸盐Silicate 47显微镜Microscope 48磨碎Grinding 49精矿Concentrate 50中矿Middling 51尾矿Tailing 52磁选Magnetic separation 53电选Electrical separation 54重选Gravity concentration 55重介质选Heavy medium separation 56硅酸盐矿物Silicate minerals 57矿物组成Mineral composition 58品位Grad 59矿物岩相Phases 60 岩相分析Lithofacies analysis 61矿物组合Mineral association 62矿物鉴定Mineral identification 63矿物解离Mineral liberation 64构造Structure 65斑状结构porphyritic texture 66致密结构compact texture ,dense structure 67 精矿品位Concentrate grade 68尾矿品位Tailing grade 69精选Cleaning 70扫选 scavenging;扫选机 scavenger, 71精矿回收率Concentrate recovery 72中矿回收率Middling recovery 73浮选泡沫Flotation froth 74絮凝Flocculate 75絮凝剂Flocculant 76絮凝浮选Flocculation flotation 77浮选机flotation unit, flotation machine 78浮选药剂Flotation agent 79絮凝物Flocs 80絮凝作用Flocculation 81选别流程Concentrating flow 82浮选槽Flotation cell 83浮选精矿Flotation concentrate 84浮选尾矿Flotation tailing 85浮选中矿Flotation middling 86单槽浮选机Flotation unit cell 87浮选试验Flotation test 88起泡剂Frother 89可浮性Flotability 90浮选设备Flotation equipment 91浮选速度Flotation rate 92捕收剂collector 93浮选能力Flotation capacity 94闭路试验closed circuit test 95条件试验Factor test 96开路试验Open circuit test 97活化剂Activator 98棒磨机 rod mill 99球磨机 ball mill 100调整剂Regulating agent4) beach sand —n. sand ore from beach.〖海滨砂矿〗5) magnetite —n. a mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4〖磁铁矿〗6) quartz —n. a mineral chemical formula SiO2〖石英〗7) gangue —n. refuses from mining or ore dressing〖脉石矿物〗8) valuable minerals —n. some minerals which can be used in industries〖有用矿物〗9) wolframite —n. a mineral with chemical formula (Fe,Mn)WO4〖黑钨矿〗10) cassiterite —n. a mineral with chemical formula SnO2〖锡石〗11) diamagnetics —n. some substances which can repel the effect from magnetic field〖抗磁性物质,抗磁质〗〖=diamagnetic substance〗12) paramagnetic substance —n. some substances which can appeal the effect from magnetic field〖顺磁性物质,顺磁质〗13) rutile —n. a mineral with chemical formula TiO2〖金红石〗14) monasite —n. a mineral with chemical formula (Ce,La)PO4, consists of Rare Earth(RE)〖独居石〗15) siderite —n. a mineral with chemical formula FeCO3〖菱铁矿〗16) pyrrhotite —n. a mineral with chemical formula FeS〖磁黄铁矿〗17) chromite —n. a mineral with chemical formula FeCr2O4〖铬铁矿〗18) ferromagnetic substance —n. some substances which have susceptibility to magnetic forces and retain some magnetism when removed from the field〖铁磁性物质,铁磁质〗19) ilmenite —n. a mineral with chemical formula FeTiO3〖钛铁矿〗20) hematite —n. a mineral with chemical formula Fe2O3〖赤铁矿〗13) specular hematite ore —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe2O3〖镜铁矿〗14) scheelite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition CaWO4〖白钨矿〗15) asbestos —n. soft, fibrous, grey mineral substance that can be made into fire-proof fabrics or solid sheeting and used as a heat-insulating material〖石棉〗16) molybdenum-bearing minerals —n. a mineral containing molybdenum〖含钼矿物〗5) sulphur —n. light-yellow non-metallic element (symbol S) that burns with a bright flame and a strong smell, used in medicine and industry〖硫〗10) kaolin —n. fine white clay used in making porcelain, etc.〖高岭土、陶土〗Part 5 Magnetic Intensities Required to Extract Minerals〖第五部分分选矿物所需要的磁场强度〗Technical Terms〖技术术语〗1) alabandite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition MnS〖硫锰矿〗2) ankerite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Ca(Mg,Fe,Mn)[CO3]2〖铁白云石〗3) apatite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Ca5[PO4]3(F,Cl,OH)〖磷灰石〗4) bastnasite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Ce,La)[CO3]F〖氟碳铈矿〗5) biotite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition K(Mg,Fe)3[AlSi3O10](OH)2〖黑云母〗6) braunite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition 3Mn2O3·MnSiO3〖褐锰矿〗7) chromite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition FeCr2O4〖铬铁矿〗8) chrysocolla — n. a mineral which has chemical composition CuSiO3·2H2O〖硅孔雀石〗9) columbite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6〖铌铁矿〗10) davidite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,U,Ce)(Ti,Fe)3(O,OH)7〖铀钛磁铁矿〗11) epidote —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Ca2(Al,Fe)3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)〖绿帘石〗12) euxenite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6〖黑稀金矿〗13) ferberite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition FeWO4〖钨铁矿〗14) franklinite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition ZnFe2O4〖锌铁尖晶石〗15) garnet —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn)3 (Al,Fe,Mn,Cr,Ti)2(SiO4)3〖石榴石〗16) goethite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe2O3·H2O〖针铁矿〗17) hematite — oxide which has chemical formula Fe2O3〖赤铁矿〗18) hornblende —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Ca,Mg,Al,Fe2,Mn,Na2,Na2,K2)SiO3〖角闪石〗19) ilmenite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition FeTiO3〖钛铁矿〗20) ilmeno-rutile —n. a mineral which has chemical composition TiO2·Fe(Nb,Ta)2O6〖黑金红石〗21) limonite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe2O3·nH2O〖褐铁矿〗22) maghemite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe2O3〖磁赤铁矿〗23) magnetite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe3O4〖磁铁矿〗24) martite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe2O3〖假象赤铁矿〗25) monazite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Ce,La,Y,Th)[PO4]〖独居石〗26) muscovite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2〖白云母〗27) olivine —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,Mg)2[SiO4]〖橄榄石〗28) pyrochlore(or:pyrochlorite) —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Ca,Ce)2Nb2(O,F)7〖黄绿石〗29) pyrolusite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition MnO2〖软锰矿〗30) pyrrhotite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Fe1-x S〖磁黄铁矿〗31) renierite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Cu3(Fe,Ge,Zn)(As,S)4〖硫铜锗矿〗32) rhodochrosite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition MnCO3〖菱锰矿〗33) rhodonite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition MnSiO3〖蔷薇辉石〗34) samarskite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition(Y,Er,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6〖铌钇矿〗35) siderite—n. a mineral which has chemical composition FeCO3〖菱铁矿〗36) staurolite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition FeAl4[SiO4]2O2(OH)2〖十字石〗37) serpentine —n. a mineral which has chemical composition Mg6(Si4O10) (OH)8〖蛇纹石〗38) tantalite(or:tantaline) —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,Mn)Ta2O6〖钽铁矿〗39) titaniferous-magnetite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,Ti)3O4〖含钛磁铁矿〗40) tourmaline —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Na,Ca)(Mg,Al)6[B3Al3Si6(O,OH)30]〖电气石〗41) uraninite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition UO2〖沥青铀矿〗42)wolframite —n. a mineral which has chemical composition (Fe,Mn)WO4〖黑钨矿〗43) xenotime —n. a mineral which has chemical composition YPO4〖磷钇矿〗1) niobium —n. an element for Nb〖铌〗2) tantalum —n. an element for Ta〖钽〗3) liquid helium —n. helium in liquid state〖液氦〗2) sulphide —n. a kind of mineral containing sulphur〖硫化物、硫化矿〗3) oxidised minerals —n. 〖氧化矿〗Part 11 Collectors〖第十一部分捕收剂〗Technical Terms〖技术术语〗1) grease tabling —n. a special separation way 〖油膏摇床分选〗2) creosote —n. tar oil〖焦馏油〗3) skim —vt. throw away or discharge〖撇去、刮去〗4) hydrophilic —adj. a property that polar mineral surface react strongly with water molecules 〖亲水的〗5) polarity —n.state in which there are two opposite, conflicting or contrasting qualities, principles or tendencies〖极性〗6) galena —n. 〖方铅矿 PbS〗7) covellite —n. 〖铜蓝、蓝铜矿 CuS〗8) bornite —n. 〖斑铜矿 Cu5FeS4〗9) chalcocite —n.〖辉铜矿 Cu2S〗10) chalcopyrite —n.〖黄铜矿 CuFeS2〗11) stibnite —n.〖辉锑矿 Sb2S3〗12) argentite —n.〖辉银矿 Ag2S〗13) bismuthinite —n.〖辉铋矿 Bi2S3〗14) millerite —n.〖针镍矿 NiS〗15) cobaltite —n.〖辉砷钴矿 CoAsS〗16) arsenopyrite —n.〖毒砂 FeAsS〗17) pyrite —n.〖黄铁矿 FeS2〗18) sphalerite —n.〖闪锌矿 ZnS〗19) orpiment —n.〖雌黄 As2S3〗20) pentlandite —n.〖镍黄铁矿 (Fe,Ni)9S8〗21) realgar —n.〖雄黄 As4S4〗22) barite —n.〖重晶石 BaSO4〗23) anhydrite —n.〖硬石膏,无水石膏 CaSO4〗24) gypsum —n.〖石膏 CaSO4·2H2O〗25) anglesite —n.〖铅矾 PbSO4〗26) cerrusite —n.〖白铅矿 PbCO3〗27) malachite —n.〖孔雀石 Cu2[CO3](OH)2〗28) azurite —n.〖蓝铜矿 Cu3[CO3]2(OH)2 〗29) wulfenite —n.〖钼铅矿 PbMoO4〗30) fluorite —n.〖萤石 CaF2〗31) calcite —n.〖方解石 CaCO3〗32) witherite —n.〖毒重石 BaCO3〗33) magnesite —n.〖菱镁矿 MgCO3〗34) dolomite —n.〖白云石 CaMg(CO3)2〗35) apatite —n.〖磷灰石 Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)〗36) scheelite —n.〖白钨矿 CaWO4〗37) smithsonite —n.〖菱锌矿 ZnCO3〗38) rhodochrosite —n.〖菱锰矿 MnCO3〗39) siderite —n.〖菱铁矿 FeCO3〗40) monazite —n.〖独居石 (Ce,La,Y,Th)PO4〗41) hematite —n.〖赤铁矿 Fe2O3〗42) magnetite —n.〖磁铁矿 Fe3O4〗43) goethite —n.〖针铁矿 Fe2O3·H2O〗44) chromite —n.〖铬铁矿 FeCr2O4〗45) ilmenite —n.〖钛铁矿 FeTiO3〗46) corundum —n.〖刚玉,金刚砂 Al2O3〗47) pyrolusite —n.〖软锰矿 MnO2〗48) limonite —n.〖褐铁矿 Fe2O3·nH2O〗49) borax —n.〖硼砂 Na2[B4O5](OH)4·8H2O〗50) wolframite —n.〖黑钨矿 (Fe,Mn)WO4〗51) columbite —n.〖铌铁矿 (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6〗52) tantalite —n.〖钽铁矿 (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 〗53) rutile —n.〖金红石 TiO2〗54) cassiterite —n.〖锡石 SnO2 〗55) zircon —n.〖锆石 ZrSiO4〗56) willemite —n.〖硅锌矿 Zn2SiO4 〗57) hemimorphite —n.〖异极矿 Zn4[Si2O7](OH)2·H2O〗58) beryl —n.〖绿柱石 Be3Al2[Si6 O18]〗59) feldspar —n.〖长石〗60) sillimanite —n.〖硅线石 Al2[SiO4]O〗61) garnet —n.〖石榴石〗62) quartz —n.〖石英 SiO2〗Part 12 Anionic Collectors〖第十二部分阴离子捕收剂〗Technical Terms〖技术术语〗1) oxyhydryl collectors —n. 〖烃基含氧酸类捕收剂〗2) oleic acid —n. 〖油酸〗3) sodium oleate —n. 〖油酸钠〗4) linoleic acid —n. 〖亚油酸〗5) kyanite —n. 〖蓝晶石〗6) ethyl —n. 〖乙基〗7) isopropyl —n.〖异丙基〗8) isobutyl —n.〖异丁基〗9) amyl —n.〖戊基〗10) hexyl —n.〖己基〗11) xanthate —n.〖黄药,黄原酸盐〗12) sulphydryl collectors —n.〖硫代化合物捕收剂〗Part 13 Cationic Collectors 〖第十三部分阳离子捕收剂〗Technical Terms〖技术术语〗1) amine collectors —n. 〖胺类捕收剂〗2) electrical double layer —n. 〖双电层〗3) collecting power —n. collective strength〖捕收力〗4) barite —n. 〖重晶石 BaSO4〗5) carnallite —n. 〖光卤石〗6) sylvite —n. 〖钾盐〗7) alkaline —adj. 〖碱性的〗8) alkali earth metal—n. 〖碱土金属〗Part 14 Frothers 〖第十四部分起泡剂〗Technical Terms〖技术术语〗1) bubble attachment —n. 〖气泡附着〗2) stability —n. 〖稳定性〗3) liquid phase —n. 〖液相〗4) sulphide —n. 〖硫化物〗5) collecting launder —n. 〖收集槽〗6) mineral processing plant —n. 〖选矿厂〗。
致密油藏边界层厚度优化校正新方法孟展;杨胜来;王璐;钱坤;王智林;马铨峥;孟兴邦【摘要】鉴于目前称重法测量边界层厚度的缺陷,建立了一种新方法,并测定了不同孔喉尺寸下的致密岩心在不同黏度、不同压力梯度条件下的边界层厚度.研究结果表明,在相同的孔喉半径和压力梯度下,流体黏度与边界层所占比例成线性关系,且黏度越大,边界层比例越大;在相同的黏度和压力梯度下,随着孔喉半径的增大,边界层比例迅速减小;在相同的黏度和孔喉半径下,随着压力梯度增大,边界层比例逐渐减小并趋于稳定.另外,通过绘制边界层厚度比例图版,分析黏度和驱替压力梯度对非线性渗流的影响,进一步证实边界层是导致致密油藏岩心出现非线性流动特征的本质原因.%A new method was proposed to measure the thickness of the boundary layer,and the thickness of the boundary layer under different viscosity and different pressure gradient was measured.The research results show that under the same pore throat radius and pressure gradient,the relation between the viscosity of the fluid and the proportion of the boundary layer is linear.The greater the viscosity,the greater the proportion of the boundary layer.Under the same viscosity and pressure gradient,with the increase of pore throat radius,the proportion of the boundary layer decreases rapidly.Under the same viscosity and pore throat radius,with the increase of the pressure gradient,boundary layer ratio decreases and tends to be stable.In addition by drawing the boundary layer thickness ratio chart,the influence of viscosity and displacement pressure gradient on nonlinear seepage is analyzed,and the results furtherconfirme that the boundary layer is the fundamental reason for the nonlinear flow characteristics in tight oil cores.【期刊名称】《石油化工高等学校学报》【年(卷),期】2018(031)002【总页数】6页(P65-69,100)【关键词】边界层;致密油;压力梯度;孔喉半径;黏度;非线性特征【作者】孟展;杨胜来;王璐;钱坤;王智林;马铨峥;孟兴邦【作者单位】中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249;德克萨斯理工大学,拉伯克79409【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TE377近几年来,随着能源需求愈加强烈,致密油作为非常规油气逐渐成为油气勘探开发领域的重点对象[1-4]。
松辽盆地白垩纪地层层序地层学分析【摘要】:桩据野外露头,钻井岩芯,测井和地震资料,建立松辽尘地各级层序的识别标志和层序地层格架,将松辽盘地地层划分为白量纪裂谷盆地巨层序和第三纪裂谷盆地巨层序序松辽盆地构造演化经历了断陷期、坳陷期和萎缩期3个阶段,断陷湖盆与坳陷湖盘成因机制不同。
因此,层序地层内部特征及充填序列有较大差别.通过对层序地层格架内各体系域生储盖岳发育特征、组合规律和油气聚集规律研宽认为:水退体系城是储集砂体最发育、油气资源量最多的层段,其次为低水位和水进体系城,高水位体系城舍油气较差。
陆相盆地层序的形成主要受构造、气候因素的控制,也受沉积物供给和海平面升降的影响。
上述诸因素通过综合作用影响着基准面和可容空间的周期性变化,进而控制着各级层序的发育和内部结构特征。
[Abstract]: pile according to outcrop, drilling core, logging and seismic data, the establishment of the identification marks of Songliao dust levels of sequence and sequence stratigraphic framework, Songliao plate stratigraphic division whiteness Ji rift basin megasequence and tertiary rift basin megasequence sequence in Songliao basin tectonic evolution experienced faulted depression and depression depression and shrinking period 3 phase, fault depression basin and depression depression lake basin formation mechanism of different. Therefore, sequence stratigraphy internal filling features and sequence have larger difference. Through the sequence stratigraphic frame of each system tract source reservoir cap Y ue development characteristics, combination rules and oil and gas accumulation research wide think: water withdrawal system is the reservoir sand body is most developed and the amount of oil and gas resources most layer, followed by low water level and water into the system, highstand system city homes for poor oil and gas. The main sequence of continental basin is controlled by the structure and climate, and it is also influenced by the sediment supply and sea level fluctuation.. The above factors affect the periodic changes of the datum plane and the space, and then control the development and internal structure of the sequence at all levels..【关键词】:松辽盆地层序地层影响因素【Key words】: hydrocarbon accumulation of sequence stratigraphy in the Song Liao Basin 层序地层分析是当代地质学的热点。